Buku lotsogolera la woyang'anira ntchitoma welds a exothermic olephera— zifukwa zisanu zomwe zimayambitsa njira, njira yodziwira matenda, ndi njira yodziwira kulephera kwa weld yomwe mungathe kuigwiritsa ntchito musanachotse chilichonse.

TL;DR — Yankho la munda patsogolo

Kulephera kwakukulu kwa "kutentha kwadzidzidzi" kwa exothermic sikuchitika mwadzidzidzi konse: pafupifupi 80% ya zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto omwe ogulitsa salemba kawirikawiri - chinyezi chotsekedwa, graphite yosweka, ufa wosakhwima, kukonzekera kwa conductor wodetsedwa, kapena nthawi yoyatsira yozizira.
Cholumikizira chomwe chikuwoneka cholondola chingathebe kuyeza 800 micro-ohm motsutsana ndi 30–50 micro-ohm yathanzi, chifukwa kuyang'ana maso sikuwona porosity ya mbali ya conductor kapena oxide lamination.
Ma connection olephera sangatsanuliridwenso m'malo mwake — dulani 50 mm ya kondakitala kudutsa malo omwe akhudzidwa ndi kutentha, dziwani chomwe chimayambitsa, kenako konzaninso ndi nkhungu mkati mwa zenera lake la 50–100 service-cycle.
PaChidule cha Cadweld cha nVent ERICO, njirayi imapanga mgwirizano wa mamolekyulu, osati wamakina — kotero njira iliyonse yolephera yomwe imapanga mawonekedwe (filimu yonyowa, oxide lamination, void) imagonjetsa ukadaulo wochokera mkati.
Zathumzere wa nkhungu wowotcherera wa thermitimayesedwa kuti igwire ntchito kwa nthawi 50-100 ndi malo olumikizirana 80-100 omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumunda, opangidwa ndi graphite yapamwamba kwambiri kotero kuti dzenjelo likhale lolimba kwa nthawi yayitali - koma nkhungu yomwe ili kunja kwa zeneralo si nkhungunso, ndi vuto.
Yendetsani njira yolumikiziranaKuzindikira Kulephera kwa Weldpansipa musanadule chiwalo chimodzi — sankhani chizindikiro chomwe mwachiwona pamalopo ndipo dziwani chomwe chingayambitse komanso njira zochizira nthawi yomweyo.

Masabata atatu apitawo, kontrakitala ku Cebu ananditumizira zithunzi nthawi ya 11 koloko madzulo nthawi yakumaloko. Ma exothermic joints mazana awiri adathiridwa kotala lapitalo pa gridi ya earthing ya 33 kV substation. Kuyamba kugwira ntchito kunali m'mawa wotsatira. Hafu ya ma exothers inkaoneka bwino kwambiri. Hafu inayo inali ndi ma micro-blowholes m'mbali mwa chotulukira cha conductor ndipo inali pakati pa 600 ndi 900 micro-ohm, motsutsana ndi 30 mpaka 50 yathanzi pa theka labwino. Wogulitsa - osati ife - adaperekaufa wachitsulo wothirapa sitima yomwe inali pa doko la Manila panthawi ya mvula ya masiku atatu. Palibe amene anatsegula katiriji imodzi kuti aone ngati yagwa.

Kuyimbira kumeneko ndiye chifukwa cha nkhaniyi. Pambuyo pa zaka 17 zogwirira ntchito yokonza zinthunkhungu zowotcherera za exothermicKwa ogula akunja — ndi zaka 12 ndikuyang'ana malipoti awo oyambitsa — ndasiya kukhulupirira kulephera kwadzidzidzi. Chomwe chimawoneka mwadzidzidzi nthawi zambiri chimakhala cholakwika cha njira zomwe palibe amene adaziwonetsa chifukwa pepala lazinthu silinawauze kuti ayang'ane. Izi ndi zomwe tsopano ndikutumiza kontrakitala aliyense amene amandiyimbira foni ndi kulephera "kwachinsinsi", momwe ndimawafotokozera pamalopo.

Chifukwa Chake Chomwe Chosagwira Ntchito Chosagwira Ntchito Chimalephera Kwambiri Monga Momwe Mumaganizira

Ndiyenera kuyesetsa kaye ndi frame, chifukwa imapanga chisankho chilichonse chothetsa mavuto chomwe gulu limapanga. Pamene kontrakitala andiyitana ndi "chosungunula cholephera", ndimafunsa funso limodzi ndisanafunse china chilichonse:Kodi cholumikiziracho chinapambanapo mayeso a kukana, kapena chinalephera kugwira ntchito nthawi yoyamba yomwe chinayesedwa?Yankho limasintha chilichonse, chifukwa cholumikizira chomwe chawonongeka mu ntchito ndi cholumikizira chomwe chinali ndi vuto kuyambira pour-day ndi mavuto awiri osiyana kotheratu okhala ndi zifukwa ziwiri zosiyana kotheratu.

Malinga ndi mabuku okhudza kukalamba okhudza kulumikizana kwa magetsi obisika omwe mautumiki aku US amanena (NUREG-1800, lipoti la Generic Aging Lessons Learned lomwe linagwiritsidwa ntchito potsimikizira zaka zambiri za moyo wa zomera), njira zolembedwa zowononga za malo aliwonse obisika ndi kutentha, kutentha kwa ohmic, kugwedezeka, ndi dzimbiri - ndipo lipotilo likunena momveka bwino kuti izi ndi njira zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa ma interfaces.chotenthetsera cha exothermic sichimalumikizana ndi ukalamba, chifukwa ma conductor ndi mkuwa wosungunuka zimakhala chitsulo chimodzi chokhazikika panthawi ya reaction. Choncho pamene exothermic joint yothiridwa bwino yalephera kugwira ntchito, kulephera sikuli konse mu weld metal yokha — ili mu gawo la weld lomwe weld sinafikidwepo, kapena mu thermal-cycling micro-gap yomwe weld inasiya chifukwa cha ufa woipa pa tsiku la pour.

Yankho la Nugget:Kulephera kwa weld ya exothermic ndi vuto lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha tsiku lothira (njira kapena cholakwika cha wogulitsa) kapena zotsatira za vuto lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha tsiku lothira (kudzikundikira kwa njira yomwe madzi oipa adasiya). Chifukwa ukadaulowu umapanga mgwirizano wa mamolekyu m'malo mwa makina, kulephera kwenikweni kwa moyo wa cholumikizira chothira bwino sikofala - zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kulephera kulikonse "kwachinsinsi" kumayenera kufufuzidwa ndi akatswiri a zamankhwala asanayambe kunena kuti ndi chifukwa cha nthaka.

Kodi "chilema chochokera ku tsiku lodzaza" chimawoneka bwanji pa kafukufuku wa zamalamulo

Ma connection mazana awiri a ku Cebu andiphunzitsa njira imodzi yomwe yakhala ikugwira ntchito pa vuto lililonse la ma connection ambiri lomwe ndakhala ndikuyenda kuyambira pamenepo. Tikadula connection yolephera ndikutsegula gawo lopingasa, timawona chimodzi mwa ma microstructure asanu omwe amabwerezabwereza, ndipo chilichonse chimayang'ana bwino chimodzi mwa zifukwa zisanu zomwe zimayambitsa njira yonse m'nkhani ino:

Mabowo opumira mpweya ali pafupi ndi pamwamba pa kondakitala.Nthunzi yochokera ku chinyezi chogwidwa — nthawi zambiri ufa wonyowa, nthawi zina woyendetsa wonyowa, nthawi zina umaundana mu nkhungu yozizira.
Chopondereza cha okosijeni chofanana ndi mzere wa kondakitala.Kuipitsidwa pakati pa kondakitala ndi chitsulo chosungunula — mafuta ochokera ku chala, okosidi wotsalira wochokera ku chingwe chosatsukidwa bwino, kapena filimu yotulutsa mpweya kuchokera ku nkhungu yomwe sinatenthedwepo kale.
Mphepete yosadzazidwa mokwanira yokhala ndi pamwamba pa mkanda wopindika.Chikombole cha graphite chomwe chinawonongeka kuposa kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe kake, kapena mphamvu ya ufa yomwe inali yochepa kwambiri pa gawo la kondakitala lomwe kuthirako kumayenera kudzazidwa.
Mzere wotsekedwa mozizira pomwe mbali ziwiri zachitsulo sizinagwirizane.Nthawi yoyatsira moto inali yolakwika poyerekeza ndi kutentha kwa nkhungu - nthawi zambiri chifukwa chakuti ogwira ntchito anayesa kuyatsa nkhungu nthawi yomweyo kuchokera m'sitolo yokhala ndi mpweya wabwino m'mawa wozizira.
Mkanda wothira wolumikizidwa ku chimodzi mwa zoyendetsa ziwiri zokha mu crossover.Kusakhazikika bwino kwa nkhungu potseka, kapena diski ya ufa inasuntha pa dzenje la pompu panthawi yoyatsira.

Mukangophunzira kuwerenga ma microstructure asanu awa, kukambirana kothetsa mavuto sikudzakhala kongoganizira. Gawo lotsala la bukuli limayenda motsatira ndondomeko yomwe ndingafufuze patsamba lino, ndi sitepe yotsimikizira yomwe imatsimikizira musanadule cholumikizira chimodzi.

Kodi Chinyezi Ndi Choyambitsa Chachikulu Ngati Thermit Weld Yalephera?

Chinyezi ndicho chifukwa chomwe ndimatsogolera chifukwa ndi chomwe chimafala kwambiri komanso chokhululukira kwambiri. Mkuwa wosungunuka wochokera ku exothermic reaction umakhala pa 1,083 °C — malo osungunuka a mkuwa — ndipo nthawi yomwe umakumana ndi madzi aliwonse, madziwo amawira mofulumira kukhala nthunzi ndipo amakula ndi voliyumu pafupifupi 1,700. Nthunzi imabwerera m'mbuyo kudzera mu chitsulo chosungunukabe, imasiya mabowo ambiri, ndipo cholumikiziracho chimawonongeka chisanazizire.Kafukufuku wa OSHA pa ntchito zothira ma thermit-weld, njira imodziyi yayambitsa kuvulala kwambiri kwa kuyaka ndi kuwotcha kwa ogwira ntchito kuposa cholakwika china chilichonse cha exothermic process.

Chifukwa chake izi zimalephera mwakachetechete ndichakuti chinyezi chili ndi malo atatu obisalamo, ndipo chimodzi chokha ndicho chodziwikiratu.

Ufa wonyowa.Chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha kulephera kwa zinthu zambiri. Ufa umatumizidwa m'zitini zotsekedwa pazifukwa zina - chitini chikatsegulidwa, zomwe zili mkati mwake zimakhala zosalala ndipo zimayamwa chinyezi m'malo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja mkati mwa maola ochepa. Katiriji yomwe "imawoneka youma" si youma.
Makondakitala onyowa.Chingwe cha mkuwa ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi mkuwa zonse zimasunga chinyezi m'kati mwa chingwecho. Chingwe chomwe chasungidwa chosaphimbidwa pamalopo panthawi yamvula chimakhala chonyowa mkati ngakhale kunja kukuwoneka kouma, ndipo pamwamba pake pouma ndi nyali zimayamwanso chinyezi mkati mwa mphindi zochepa mumlengalenga wonyowa.
Kuzizira kwa nkhungu.Chiboliboli cha graphite chotulutsidwa m'sitolo yosungiramo mpweya wozizira pa 18 °C m'mawa wotentha ndi 32 °C, chinyezi cha 85% chidzasungunula filimu ya madzi pakhoma lake lotseguka antchito asanayambe kutsogolera. Kenako kuthirako kumasunga filimuyo pakati pa khoma la chiboliboli ndi chitsulo chosungunuka.

Yankho la Nugget:Kulephera kwa weld yochokera ku exothermic komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chinyezi sikumachitika chifukwa cha madzi owoneka - kumachitika chifukwa cha madzi omwe simungawaone, ndipo mayeso a m'munda ndi amakina, osati owoneka. Chifukwa ufawo umayamwa chinyezi mosawoneka, njira yokhayo yodalirika ndi iyi: chitsanzo cha ufa wouma wa desiccant womwe umathiridwa momasuka, kondakitala wopukutidwa ndi nsalu yoyera youma yomwe imachoka popanda mdima, ndi nkhungu yotenthetsedwa mpaka 30 °C isanakhudze kondakitala.

Kufufuzidwa kwa mtembo ku Cebu m'mizere itatu

Malo olumikizirana a Cebu analephera chifukwa ufawo unali pa doko lonyowa ndi mvula ndipo ogwira ntchito anatsegula zitini m'mawa wa kuthira. Anagwiritsa ntchito ufawo chifukwa unkaoneka wouma - ndipo pansi pa mkanda, pa malo aliwonse olumikizirana omwe sanagwire ntchito, panali mawonekedwe enieni a dzenje lopumira lomwe nthunzi yoyendetsedwa ndi chinyezi imasiya. Kuyang'ana kwa mphindi 20 kwa katiriji atatu a zitsanzo asanathire kukanagwira gulu lonse, ndipo ogwira ntchitowo akanadziwa kuti adzipatula ena onse.

Kodi Chikopa Chanu cha Graphite Chatha Kupyola Pawindo Lake Loyenera la Utumiki?

Ichi ndi chifukwa chomwe ogulitsa amasamalira zovuta kwambiri, chifukwa njira yolephera siioneka kwa wogula ndipo kuwerengera kwa nthawi ndi chinthu chomwe wogulitsa yekha ndiye amadziwa.Mabuku a nVent ERICO's Cadweldamayesa mawonekedwe a graphite pa nthawi yogwira ntchito pafupifupi 50 mpaka 100, ndipo pamzere wathu timayesa mawonekedwe athunkhungu zowotcherera za thermitPa nthawi yomweyo ya 50 mpaka 100, ndi malo olumikizirana 80 mpaka 100 omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse m'munda. Pambuyo pake, dzenjelo lawonongeka mokwanira kotero kuti dzenje la pombi silimayimanso chitsulo chosungunuka bwino kulowa m'malo olumikizirana.

Chizindikiro chowona cha nkhungu yosweka si mng'alu womwe mungawone - ndi mkanda wothira womwe ukutaya mawonekedwe ake a pilo ndikuyamba kuyika mkati pakati. Nkhungu yatsopano imapanga mkanda womwe umazungulira pang'onopang'ono pa kondakitala, chifukwa mphamvu ya ufa imadzaza pang'ono m'bowo ndipo zochulukirapo zimalowa mu riser. Nkhungu yosweka imadzaza pansi, chifukwa m'bowomo mwakula mokwanira kotero kuti mphamvu ya ufa womwewo siilinso ndi mphamvu yokwanira. Ogwira ntchito amalipira powonjezera ufa, womwe umatentha kwambiri m'bowomo ndikufulumizitsa kuwonongeka - njira yobwezera yomwe imatenga pafupifupi madontho makumi awiri oipa kuti awononge nkhungu kwathunthu.

Momwe mungasankhire nkhungu yomwe simunagule kwa ife

Ngati munalandira nkhungu kuchokera kwa wogulitsa wina, yesani imodzi motsutsana ndi nkhungu yodziwika bwino ya geometry yomweyo. Nkhungu ya graphite imataya pafupifupi magalamu 3 mpaka 8 pa nthawi iliyonse chifukwa cha kukokoloka kwa kutentha ndi kuyeretsa; nkhungu ya magalamu 50 pansi pa kulemera kwake koyambira yakhala ndi nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe imalolera. Chachiwiri, yang'anani mawonekedwe a mkanda wothira m'magawo asanu omaliza - ngati pali iliyonse mwa izo yomwe yayikidwa mkati, nkhunguyo yakankhidwira kudutsa zenera lake lothandiza.IEEE Std 837-2014, dongosolo loyenerera kulumikizana kwa malo okhazikika a pansi, mawonekedwe a dzenje la weld ndi gawo la umboni woyenerera - kotero nkhungu yosweka si chiopsezo cha khalidwe lokha, ndi chiopsezo chotsatira malamulo motsutsana ndi muyezo womwe cholumikiziracho chidafotokozedwa.

Kodi Kuchuluka kwa Ufa Wochepa Kungawononge Mosabisa Ma Weld Anu?

Ufa umabwera mu kukula koyenera kwa makatiriji pazifukwa zina.Popeza chiŵerengero cha ufa ndi mkuwa ndi chosinthika chomwe chimatsimikiza ngati zomwe zimachitikazo zimapanga kutentha kokwanira kuti zisungunuke bwino gawo lonse la kondakitala, kukula kwa katiriji kumapanga cholumikizira chomwe chimathira cholimba kunja koma sichimasakanikirana bwino pa mawonekedwe a kondakitala.Mkanda ukuoneka bwino. Kukana kwake kumasonyeza zoona patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pamene cholumikiziracho chikutentha chifukwa cha mphamvu yoyamba yolakwika.

Baibulo lenileni la kulephera kumeneku ndilakuti nthawi zina ogwira ntchito amalowetsa katiriji kakang'ono pamene kukula koyenera sikulipo, poganiza kuti "chitsulo chofananacho chidzakhalapo". Baibulo losakhulupirika ndilakuti ogulitsa ena amagulitsa katiriji #115 pamtengo wa #150 chifukwa fomu yoyitanitsa ya kontrakitala imati "chingwe-ku-chingwe 50 mm²" popanda kufotokoza gulu lonse la kondakitala. Zonsezi zimatha ndi cholumikizira chomwecho: mkanda wokongola, mpata wobisika pa kondakitala, ndi kukana komwe kumakwera chaka ndi chaka.

Yankho la Nugget:Kukula kwa ufa si chisankho cha mtengo — ndi chisankho cha kutentha. Chifukwa chakuti exothermic reaction iyenera kutulutsa mphamvu zokwanira kutentha gawo la conductor pamwamba pa malo osungunuka a mkuwa (1,083 °C) ndikusunga kuti lisungunuke kwa nthawi yayitali kuti liphatikizidwe, cartridge yomwe ili yochepa kukula kwa conductor pair imasiya ulusi wa conductor wozama kwambiri pansi pa kutentha kwa fusion. Nthawi zonse gwirizanitsani cartridge ndi conductor yayikulu mwa awiriwa, osati yaying'ono.

Kodi Njira Zachidule Zokonzekera Ma Conductor Ndi Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kusamvana Kwambiri kwa Ma Joints?

Ndaona magulu a anthu akutsuka gawo looneka la chingwe cha mkuwa ndikudumpha gawo lomwe limalowa mkati mwa chikombole, chifukwa pepala lofotokozera likunena kuti "kuyera mpaka chitsulo chowala" popanda kufotokoza momwe angachitire.Popeza kuti chomangiracho chimapangidwa pamwamba pa kondakitala yomwe ili mkati mwa dzenje panthawi yothira, gawo loipitsidwa pansi pa dzenjelo limapanga cholumikizira chomwe chimakhala chopitilira kunja ndi chopakidwa oxide mkati.

Kuipitsidwa komwe ndimaona kwambiri pa kugwetsa kwa zinthu zobisika si dothi - ndi zala. Ogwira ntchito amagwira gawo la kondakitala lomwe limalowa mkati mwa nkhungu, amasiya filimu yopyapyala yamafuta pakhungu lawo, ndipo mkuwa wosungunuka sunganyowetse kudzera mu filimuyo kuti ugwirizane ndi chitsulo choyambira. Zotsatira zake zimakhala cholumikizira chokhala ndi ndege yopitilira ya oxide pakati pa chitsulo chosungunula ndi kondakitala, ndipo ndege ya oxide ndi mtundu womwe NUREG-1800 imalemba ngati njira yowononga pansi pa kutentha.

Gwiritsani ntchito burashi yachitsulo yokongola komanso yakuthwa pa chinthu chilichonse cha kondakitala — mkuwa, chitsulo chokhala ndi mkuwa, ndi chitsulo cholimba chilichonse chimafunikira burashi yakeyake.
Pukutani gawo loyeretsedwa ndi nsalu yopanda ulusi yonyowa ndi isopropyl alcohol, osati dzanja lokhala ndi magolovesi.
Yeretsaninso ngati kondakitala atakhala panja kwa mphindi zoposa 15 musanathire, chifukwa mkuwa watsopano umasungunukanso mwachangu m'mlengalenga wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'mafakitale.
Gwirani gawo loyeretsedwa ndi zopukutira zoyera kapena nsalu yoyera kuyambira pamenepo - musakhudze khungu.

Kodi Kulephera kwa Kugwira Ntchito ndi Nkhungu Yozizira Kumachititsa Kuti Muzilephera Kuchita Zinthu Morning-Shift?

Ichi ndi chifukwa chomwe palibe amene amalemba, chifukwa zimamveka ngati cholakwika cha woyendetsa osati cholakwika cha process. Zoona zake n'zakuti exothermic reaction imakonzedwa ku thermal envelopu inayake, ndipo nkhungu yomwe ili pansi pa 25 °C panthawi yoyatsira imachita mosiyana ndi yomwe yatenthedwa kale. Ufa woyambira umayatsa, reaction front imafalikira kudzera mu charge, koma mkuwa wosungunuka umataya kutentha kupita ku graphite yozizira mwachangu kuposa momwe reaction ingadzazirenso, ndipo chitsulocho chimafika pa conductor cavity pansi pa fusion temperature. Bead imapangidwabe. Kuphatikizika sikukwanira.

Ili ndi vuto lalikulu la kusintha kwa m'mawa m'malo otentha kapena ozizira, ndipo ndi vuto lalikulu la kusintha kwa masana m'malo otentha komwe ogwira ntchito amaziziritsa nkhungu zawo m'malo osungiramo mpweya wozizira kuti "azisunge". Chizolowezi chilichonse chimabweretsa njira yofanana yolephera: mzere wotsekedwa ozizira pomwe mbali ziwiri zachitsulo zinakumana koma sizinagwirizane bwino, zomwe zimawoneka ngati kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kapangidwe ka tirigu molingana ndi khoma la m'mimba.

Yankho la Nugget:Kutentha kwa nkhungu pakayatsa moto ndi njira yeniyeni yosinthira, osati kukonda kumasuka. Chifukwa graphite imapangitsa kutentha pang'onopang'ono, nkhungu yomwe yasungidwa pansi pa 25 °C imafunika kutenthedwa bwino - mphindi zisanu ndi mfuti yotentha yotsika kutentha, mphindi khumi ikakhala pa chivundikiro cha injini yofunda, kapena kungosungidwa usiku wonse mumlengalenga womwewo monga momwe zimakhalira. Kutenthedwa bwino mpaka 30–40 °C kumachotsa kulephera kwa kuzizira popanda kusokoneza moyo wa nkhungu.

Mndandanda Wowunika Zaupandu: Zoyenera Kuchita Ngati Gulu Logwirizana Lalephera Kutumiza

Ngati cholumikizira cha pour-day chalephera kugwira ntchito, tsatirani kafukufukuyu motsatira ndondomeko iyi. Macheke atatu oyamba amatenga nthawi yosakwana ola limodzi pamalopo ndipo amathetsa pafupifupi 80% ya kulephera kwa cholumikizira cha multi-joint popanda kuchotsa chilichonse.

Tsimikizani mbiri ya ufa.Kodi ufawo unabweretsedwa liti, unasungidwa bwanji, ndipo kodi zitini zinatsegulidwa musanathire? Yankho lililonse la "inde" limasonyeza chinyezi (Chifukwa 1).
Kokani chipika cha nkhungu.Kodi nkhungu yachita ma cycle angati? Kuyerekeza ndi ma cycle rating a 50–100. Nkhungu iliyonse yomwe yadutsa ma grade ake imasinthidwa isanatsanulidwenso (Chifukwa 2).
Yang'anani kukula kwa ufawo poyerekeza ndi nthawi ya kondakitala.Yerekezerani kukula kwa katiriji pa chitini chilichonse ndi kuphatikiza kwa kondakitala pa cholumikizira. Zolakwika zimathiridwanso ndi katiriji yoyenera (Chifukwa 3).
Yang'anani malo atatu olumikizirana omwe sanagwire ntchito bwino.Kudula kwa bandsaw ndi kupukuta ndikokwanira kuzindikira mawonekedwe a dzenje lopumira (Chifukwa 1), oxide lamination (Chifukwa 4), pansi pa kudzaza (Chifukwa 2 ndi 3), kapena mizere yotsekedwa mozizira (Chifukwa 5).
Kulephera kwa mapu motsutsana ndi ndondomeko ya pour.Kulephera kosonkhana pamodzi kumayambiriro kwa kusintha nthawi zambiri kumasonyeza Chifukwa 5 (nkhungu yozizira). Kulephera kosonkhana pamodzi kumapeto kwa gulu la ufa kumaonetsa Chifukwa 1 (ufa wonyowa). Kulephera kumafalikira mofanana pamalo osinthira ku Zoyambitsa 2 kapena 4.

Ngati kulephera kupitirira macheke onse asanu, vuto ndi chilengedwe — mankhwala a nthaka, mafunde osochera, kapena dzimbiri la galvanic kupeza mawonekedwe omwe weld yasiya — ndipo zokambiranazo ziyenera kusintha kuchoka pa njira imodzi kupita ku ina. Nkhani imeneyo ndi nkhani yakeyake.

Kubwezeranso Chilango: Kuchepetsa, Osati Kubwerezanso Kuwotcherera M'malo Mwake

Cholumikizira chikalephera, kukonza koyenera kokha ndiko kudula kudutsa malo omwe akhudzidwa ndi kutentha ndikukonzanso chowongolera kuyambira pachiyambi. Kuthira chitsulo chatsopano chosungunula pa cholumikizira cholephera sikumaphatikiza chitsulo chatsopano ndi chakale modalirika, chifukwa mawonekedwe oyamba apanga kale zitsulo zake ndipo ma porosity aliwonse otsekeredwa amakhala malo opangira ma nucleation a kulephera kwina. Choduliracho chiyenera kukhala ndi 50 mm ya chowongolera choyera mbali zonse za cholumikizira choyambirira, nkhungu yatsopano iyenera kukhala mkati mwa kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe kake, ndipo ufa uyenera kuchokera ku chidebe chotsegulidwa chatsopano, chowuma chotsimikizika.

Kuthira kachiwiri ndi nthawi yoyenera kukweza chikombole ngati kulephera kukusonyeza kuti chikombole chawonongeka. Timatumiza zathunkhungu zowotcherera za exothermicndi zolemba zozungulira zomwe zimasindikizidwa kuti ogula athe kutsatira mbiri ya nkhungu iliyonse pa projekiti, ndipo zolemba zomwezo ziyenera kuyenda ndi nkhungu iliyonse yomwe imayenda pakati pa malo. Nkhungu yomwe simungaganizire ndi nkhungu yomwe simungayikhulupirire.

Zifukwa zisanu, macheke asanu a munda, mphindi zisanu pa cholumikizira chilichonse
Chifukwa	Zoyenera kutsimikizira patsamba lino	Nthawi pa cholumikizira chilichonse
Chinyezi	Kuyesa kwa desiccant pa katiriji yoyesera; kuyesa kopukuta kwa conductor; kutentha kwa pamwamba pa nkhungu ≥ 30 °C	Mphindi ziwiri
Kuvala kwa nkhungu	Chipika cha kuzungulira kwa nkhungu; mawonekedwe a mkanda kudutsa madontho asanu apitawa; kulemera kwa nkhungu poyerekeza ndi kulemera koyambira	Mphindi imodzi
Ufa wosakhwima	Kukula kwa katiriji poyerekeza ndi nthawi ya kondakitala; kuwunika umphumphu wa batch	Mphindi imodzi
Kukonzekera kwa kondakitala	Kuyang'ana kowala ngati chitsulo; osakhudza khungu mukamaliza kutsuka; ≤ zenera lotseguka la mphindi 15	Mphindi imodzi
Kuzizira kozizira	Thermometer ya infrared kapena yolumikizana nayo pa nkhungu ikayaka; itenthetseni pasadakhale ngati kutentha kuli pansi pa 25 °C	Masekondi 30

Momwe Mungayang'anire Wogulitsa Wanu Wamakono Popanda Kunyoza Aliyense

Mafoni ambiri omwe ndimatenga pankhaniyi sayamba ndi kulephera. Amayamba ndi wogula amene wangopemphedwa kumene kuti ayenerere wogulitsa watsopano, kapena mainjiniya amene walandira njira yomwe sanapange, ndipo akufuna kudziwa mafunso oti afunse asanalepherenso. Nkhani yoona mtima ya zokambiranazo ndi yakuti pafupifupi wogulitsa aliyense akhoza kutumiza nkhungu yomwe imagwira ntchito tsiku lothira. Funso lovuta kwambiri ndilakuti kodi angathe kulemba chifukwa chake chinthu chawo chinagwira ntchito, komanso ngati adzakhala ndi yankho pamene sichinagwire ntchito.

Mafunso atatu amasiyanitsa wogulitsa weniweni ndi wochepetsa mtengo pa vuto ili, ndipo nditha kuwafotokozera ogula onse motsatira dongosolo ili.

"Ndiwonetseni chitsanzo chanu cha zolemba za nkhungu."Wogulitsa amene amatsatira kuwerengera kwa ma cycle ndi wogulitsa amene amadziwa kuti nkhungu zimatha. Wogulitsa amene sachita zimenezi ndi woipa kwambiri chifukwa cha vuto lanu.
"Kodi kutsata kwanu kwa ufa ndi kotani?"Chitini chilichonse chiyenera kukhala ndi nambala ya batch, tsiku lopangidwa, ndi chizindikiro chosindikizidwa cha chidebe. Wogulitsa amene amayikanso ufa wambiri m'zitini zosalembedwa amakhala pachiwopsezo cha chinyezi m'chitini.
"Kodi maganizo anu ndi otani pankhani yosintha katiriji kakang'ono?"Yankho loona mtima ndi lakuti “timakana oda mpaka mutatsimikizira kukula kwa kondakitala.” Yankho loopsa ndi lakuti “tikhoza kutumiza chidebe chaching'ono lero.”

Tapanga zikalata zathu zotumizira kunja motsatira mafunso atatu awa chifukwa ndi mafunso omwe kafukufuku wathu wolephera akupitilizabe kubwereza. Ndi mafunso omwe ndikanatifunsa, ndikanakhala wogula.

Kuzindikira Kulephera kwa Weld — Sankhani Chizindikiro Chomwe Mumachiwona M'munda

Musanadule chiwalo chimodzi, yang'anani izi. Sankhani chizindikiro chomwe chikugwirizana ndi zomwe mukuwona pamalopo - mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe amagetsi, kapena nthawi - ndipo chidacho chimachigwirizanitsa ndi zomwe zingayambitse zinthu zisanu zomwe zili pamwambapa, kukupatsani chidziwitso chodalirika, ndikulemba zomwe mungachite nthawi yomweyo musanachite china. Ichi ndi chisankho chomwe ndimachipereka kwa wogula pafoni pamene foni yalephera.

1. Mukuona chiyani kwenikweni pamalopo?

Mwina chifukwa chachikulu

Chifukwa 3 — Kuchepa kwa ufa (kofala kwambiri), kapena kusalingana bwino kwa nkhungu pakutseka

Chidaliro

Pakatikati — imatsimikizira kutsanulira kosakwanira koma singathe kusiyanitsa kulinganiza kwa ufa ndi nkhungu popanda kuyang'aniridwa

Njira zogwirira ntchito nthawi yomweyo

Tsimikizirani kukula kwa katiriji motsutsana ndi kuphatikiza kwa kondakitala — mphamvu yochepa kwambiri ndiyo chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha kusalumikizana kosakwanira kwa kondakitala m'modzi.
Yang'anani momwe nkhungu imayendera: magawo awiriwa ayenera kutseka bwino pakati pa kondakitala popanda kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Yang'anani diski yachitsulo — iyenera kukhala pakati pa dzenje la pompu isanayambe kuyaka, osasuntha mbali ina.
Konzaninso chowongolera ndi burashi yatsopano ndi chopukutira cha isopropyl musanathirenso kachiwiri.
Chithunzi cholumikizira chomwe chalephera ndi momwe chikugwirizana musanachigwetse kuti kutsanulira kotsatira kuwonetsedwe bwino.

Buku lothandizira

Onani 'Kodi Ufa Wochepa Ungathe Kuwononga Zosefera Zanu Mwapang'onopang'ono?' pamwambapa.

Kuzindikira matendawa kumawonetsa chizindikiro chimodzi ku chifukwa chimodzi chomwe chingakhale chotheka kwambiri kutengera mawonekedwe a magawo osiyanasiyana kuchokera ku zolephera 312 zomwe zafufuzidwa ndi fakitale yathu pakati pa 2023 ndi 2026. Ngati zizindikiro ziwiri zikugwirizana, yesani chachiwiri padera - zidzaloza ku chifukwa chomwecho pafupifupi 80% ya milandu yophatikizana.

Mafunso Omwe Amafunsidwa Kawirikawiri Okhudza Ma Weld Olephera a Exothermic

Ndingadziwe bwanji ngati chotenthetsera cha exothermic chalephera ngati chikuwonekabe cholimba?

Cholumikizira cha thermit cholephera kugwira ntchito chingawoneke bwino kunja koma chingakhalebe choyipa. Zizindikiro zodalirika ndi zamagetsi: kukana kwa milliohm komwe kumakwera chaka ndi chaka, chithunzi cha kutentha chomwe chimatengedwa pansi pa katundu chomwe chikuwonetsa kuti cholumikiziracho chikuyenda bwino kuposa chowongolera, kapena mphete yowonetsa ya carbonate wobiriwira wamkuwa pamalo otulukira a chowongolera. Kuyang'ana maso kokha kumangowona zolephera zoyipa kwambiri - ma porosity omwe amadutsa pamwamba kapena kudzaza komwe kulibe pa dzenje la pompo.

Kodi chotenthetsera cha exothermic chomwe chalephera chingabwezeretsedwenso pamalo pake, kapena kodi kondakitala ayenera kudulidwanso?

Muyenera kudula chitsulo chosungunuka chomwe chadutsa pamalo omwe kutentha kumakhudza ndikukonzekeranso kondakitala watsopano. Kuthira chitsulo chatsopano chosungunuka pa cholumikizira cholephera sikumaphatikiza chitsulo chatsopano ndi mkuwa wakale modalirika chifukwa mawonekedwe oyambawo adapanga kale zitsulo zake ndipo ma porosity aliwonse otsekeredwa amakhala malo oyambira kulephera kwina. Mwachizolowezi, cholumikizira cholephera chimatanthauza kudula kondakitala osachepera 50 mm mbali iliyonse, kutsuka kukhala chitsulo chowala, ndikugwiritsa ntchito nkhungu yatsopano ya graphite - ndipo pokhapokha mutazindikira chomwe chimayambitsa.

Kodi chinyezi chimachita chiyani mkati mwa exothermic weld?

Mkuwa wosungunuka wochokera ku exothermic reaction umakhala pa kutentha kwa pafupifupi 1,083 °C, ndipo madzi aliwonse omwe ali m'bowo la nkhungu, pa kondakitala, kapena mu ufa amawala kuti atuluke nthunzi nthawi yomweyo chitsulocho chikafika. Nthunzi imakula pafupifupi nthawi 1,700 ndipo imatuluka kudzera mu chitsulo chosungunuka, ndikusiya mabowo ndi cholumikizira chokhala ndi oxide. M'milandu yoipitsitsa kwambiri, kuphulika kwa nthunzi kwatulutsa chitsulo chosungunuka kuchokera ku chinthu choyaka ndi chozungulira - ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimachitika kwambiri pa ntchito za OSHA pa ntchito za thermit-weld.

Kodi nkhungu yowotcherera ya graphite exothermic iyenera kukhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Pa mzere wathu timayesa ma graphite molds pa nthawi yogwira ntchito 50 mpaka 100, ndipo ma connections 80 mpaka 100 amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, chifukwa kuthira kulikonse kumawononga dzenje ndikukulitsa pang'onopang'ono dzenje la pompu. Chidebe chomwe chapititsidwa patsogolo pa nthawi yake yozungulira chimayamba kupanga ma connections osadzazidwa bwino, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito amawonjezera ufa - womwe umatentha kwambiri dzenje ndikufulumizitsa kuwonongeka. Chizindikiro chenicheni si mng'alu womwe mungawone; ndi mkanda wothira womwe umataya mawonekedwe ake a pilo ndikuyamba kuyika mkati.

Chifukwa chiyani chotenthetsera changa cha exothermic chimawoneka bwino koma chimayang'ana kwambiri pakuyimitsa?

Kukana kwakukulu pa weld yomwe imawoneka yolondola nthawi zambiri kumachokera ku chimodzi mwa zinthu zitatu: kondakitala sinatsukidwe kukhala chitsulo chowala pansi pa dzenje la weld, mphamvu ya ufa inali yochepa kwambiri pa gawo la kondakitala, kapena nkhunguyo sinali yolunjika bwino kotero chitsulo chosungunuka chinalumikizidwa pakati pa kondakitala m'malo mosakanikirana mu zonse ziwiri. Weld yabwino ndi weld yolimba kwambiri sizili zofanana zokha, chifukwa muyeso wa kukana umatengedwa kudutsa cholumikizira, osati kudzera mu bead. Tawona zolumikizira zokhala ndi mikanda yokongola zimalemera 800 micro-ohm motsutsana ndi 30 mpaka 50 micro-ohm yathanzi pa anansi ofanana.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa kulephera kwa weld ya exothermic ndi weld yolakwika kuyambira pachiyambi ndi kotani?

Kulephera kwa weld ya exothermic ndi cholumikizira chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino poyika kenako n’kuwonongeka chikagwiritsidwa ntchito — nthawi zambiri kudzera mu dzimbiri pa conductor interface, weld sinafikepo, kudzera mu kutentha komwe kunatsegula micro-gap, kapena kudzera mu kusokonezeka kwa makina. Weld yolakwika sinali yabwino konse: idathiridwa ndi ufa wonyowa, mpata waukulu, nkhungu yosweka, kapena conductor woipitsidwa, ndipo kulephera kumawonekera pa ntchito kapena kuyesa koyamba kwa katundu. Kusiyanitsa zinthu ziwirizi chifukwa kulephera nthawi zambiri kumasonyeza vuto la chilengedwe, pomwe cholakwika chimasonyeza vuto la njira kapena wogulitsa.

Jane Yang· Woyang'anira Malonda, Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd.
Zaka 12 mu ntchito yoteteza mphezi ndi kuletsa malonda akunja · Zaka 17 zopanga mafakitale motsatira malangizo onse.
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Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-27-2026

Zogulitsa

Nchifukwa chiyani ma Exothermic Welds Amalephera? Chinyezi, Kuwonongeka kwa Nkhungu, ndi Zifukwa Zisanu Zomwe Ogulitsa Ambiri Sanena