Ubuyobozi bw'umugenzuzi w'ikigogusudira exothermic byananiwe— impamvu eshanu z’imikorere, inzira yo gusuzuma, hamwe n’uburyo bwo gusuzuma ikibazo cyo gukoresha weld ushobora gukora mbere yuko ugabanya ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose.
- Ingufu nyinshi zo gushwanyagurika mu buryo butunguranye ntabwo ari ikintu gitunguranye na gato: hafi 80% bigaruka ku mpamvu imwe mu eshanu abatanga serivisi badakunze kwandikaho - ubushuhe bufatiwemo, grafiti yashaje, ifu ntoya, gutegura icyuma cyanduye, cyangwa igihe cyo gutwika ifu ikonje.
- Agace gasa neza gashobora gupima micro-ohm 800 ugereranije na micro-ohm 30–50 nzima, kuko isuzuma ry’amaso ritabona porosity y’uruhande rw’umuyoboro cyangwa lamination ya okiside.
- Ingingo zangiritse ntizishobora kongera gusukwa mu mwanya wazo — gabanya nibura mm 50 z'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi unyuze mu gace kagizweho ingaruka n'ubushyuhe, umenye impamvu nyamukuru, hanyuma wongere utegure ukoresheje ifumbire mu idirishya ryayo rya serivisi rya 50–100.
- Kuri buriIncamake ya Cadweld ya nVent ERICO, iyi nzira ikora umugozi wa molekile, ntabwo ari uwo mu buryo bwa mekanike — bityo uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo gutsindwa bukora ihuriro (firime y'ubushuhe, oxide lamination, void) butsinda ikoranabuhanga riturutse imbere.
- Ibyacuumurongo w'ibumba wo gusudira thermitIfite amanota ku mizunguko 50–100 hamwe n’ingingo 80–100 zikoreshwa mu murima, zikozwe muri grafiti nziza kugira ngo umwobo ukomeze kwihanganira igihe kirekire — ariko ikibumbano kiri hanze y’iryo dirishya ntikikiri ikibumbano, ni ikibazo.
- Koresha uburyo bwo guhuzaGusuzuma ikibazo cyo gushonga kw'ibicuruzwa bidafite ubushobozi bwo gusudirahepfo mbere yo gukata ingingo imwe — hitamo ikimenyetso ubona aho kiri hanyuma umenye impamvu ishoboka cyane hamwe n'ingamba zo guhita ufata.
Mu byumweru bitatu bishize, rwiyemezamirimo wo muri Cebu yanyoherereje amafoto saa kumi n'imwe z'umugoroba ku isaha yo muri ako gace. Ibice magana abiri bya exothermic byari byarasutswe mu gihembwe cyabanje ku muyoboro w'amazi wa 33 kV. Byatangiye gukoreshwa mu gitondo cyakurikiyeho. Igice cy'ibice byasaga neza neza. Igice cya kabiri cyari gifite imiyoboro mito ku muhanda usohoka mu gikoni kandi cyari gifite hagati ya mikoroometero 600 na 900, ugereranije na mikoroometero 30 kugeza 50 ku gice cyiza. Uwatanze ibicuruzwa - atari twe - yari yazanye ibyo bikoresho.ifu y'icyuma ikoreshwa mu gusudiraku bwato bwari ku cyambu cya Manila mu gihe cy'imvura y'iminsi itatu. Nta muntu wafunguye ikarito n'imwe ngo arebe.
Iyo ni yo mpamvu y'iyi nkuru. Nyuma y'imyaka 17 yo gukora imashiniibumba zo gusudira zikozwe mu buryo bwa exothermicKu baguzi bo mu mahanga — n'imyaka 12 nkurikirana raporo zabo zo gutanga serivisi — naretse kwizera ko hari amakosa atunguranye. Igisa n'igitunguranye hafi ya byose ni ikosa ry'imikorere nta muntu wagaragaje kuko urupapuro rw'ibanga rutababwiye kureba. Dore icyo noherereza rwiyemezamirimo wese umpamagaye afite ikibazo cy' "amayobera", mu buryo nkurikirana uko mbibona aho bakorera.
Impamvu uburyo bwo gusuka thermite bunaniwe hafi ya bwose budashobora gutsindwa uko ubyibwira
Ngomba kubanza guhangana n'imiterere y'ibikoresho, kuko ari byo bigira uruhare mu gufata icyemezo cyose cyo gukemura ibibazo abakozi bafata. Iyo rwiyemezamirimo ampamagaye akoresheje "ingufu zananiranye", mbaza ikibazo kimwe mbere yo kubaza ikindi kintu cyose:Ese ingingo yigeze ikora ikizamini cyo kwirinda, cyangwa yananiwe kuyikoresha ku nshuro ya mbere yapimwe?Igisubizo gihindura byose, kuko ingingo yangiritse mu mikorere n'ingingo yari ifite inenge kuva kuri pour-day ni ibibazo bibiri bitandukanye cyane bifite impamvu ebyiri zitandukanye rwose.
Dukurikije inyandiko zivuga ku bijyanye n’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi ishyinguye, nk’uko byagaragajwe n’ibigo by’imari bya Amerika (NUREG-1800, raporo ya Generic Aging Lessons Learned yakoreshejwe mu kwemeza imyaka myinshi y’ubuzima bw’ibimera), uburyo bwanditse bwo kwangirika kw’ingingo iyo ari yo yose ishyinguye ni uguhindagurika kw’ubushyuhe, gushyushya, kunyeganyega, no kwangirika - kandi raporo igaragaza neza ko izi ari uburyo bukora ku miyoboro.exothermic welding ntaho ihurira n'imyaka, kubera ko ibyuma biyobora n'umuringa ushongeshejwe biba igice kimwe cy'icyuma gikomeza mu gihe cyo gukora. Rero iyo igice cya exothermike gisutswe neza kinaniwe gukora, gutsindwa ntibiba biri mu cyuma cyo gusukamo amazi ubwacyo - kiba kiri mu gice cy'icyuma cyo gusukamo amazi kitigeze kigeramo, cyangwa mu gice gito cy'ubushyuhe cyasigiwe n'amazi bitewe n'uko umuriro w'ifu wari utari mwiza ku munsi wo gusukamo amazi.
Uko "inenge yavuye kuri pour day" igaragara mu by'ukuri mu ihanurwa ry'amakuru ashingiye ku bucamanza
Amasambu magana abiri ya Cebu yanyigishije igishushanyo kimwe cyakomeje kugaragara hafi kuri buri sambu nanyuzemo kuva icyo gihe. Iyo duciye isambu yananiwe tugafungura igice cyayo, tubona imwe muri mikoro eshanu zigaruka, kandi buri imwe ihuza neza na kimwe mu bintu bitanu byateye iyi nkuru mu gice gisigaye:
- Uduce tw'imyakura dufatanye hafi y'ubuso bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi.Umuyaga uturuka ku bushuhe bwari bufunze — akenshi ifu itose, rimwe na rimwe ikaba ari igikoresho gitose, rimwe na rimwe ihinduka nk'ifu ikonje mu ifu.
- Lamination ya okiside ijyanye n'umurongo w'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi.Kwanduzwa hagati y’icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi n’icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi — amavuta ava ku gikumwe, okiside isigaye iva ku nsinga isukuye neza, cyangwa agapapuro k’icyuma gatuma amazi asohoka mu cyuma kitari cyashyushye mbere.
- Umwobo utuzuye neza ufite ubuso bw'amasaro.Igikoresho cya grafiti cyangiritse kirenze umubare wacyo w'izunguruka, cyangwa ifu y'ifu idafite ingano yacyo ku gice cy'icyuma gisukwamo cyari kigenewe kuzuza.
- Umurongo ukonje ufunganye aho impande ebyiri z'icyuma zananiwe kwihuza.Igihe cyo gutwika cyari kibi ku bushyuhe bw'ibihumyo - hafi ya buri gihe kubera ko abakozi bagerageje gutwika ibihumyo mu iduka rifite icyuma gikonjesha mu gitondo gikonje.
- Isaro ryo gusudira rifatanye n'umwe gusa mu bayobora b'imashini babiri mu gihe cyo gusimbuka.Kutagena neza kw'ibimera iyo bifunze, cyangwa disiki y'ifu byakuye ku mwobo w'amazi mu gihe cyo gutwika.
Iyo umaze kumenya gusoma izi miterere eshanu, ikiganiro cyo gukemura ibibazo kireka kuba icyo gukekeranya. Ibisigaye muri iyi nyandiko bikurikirana buri mpamvu uko nayikurikirana aho ngaho, hamwe n'intambwe yo kuyigenzura ikabigaragaza mbere yo gucamo igice kimwe.
Ese ubushuhe ni cyo kintu gitera ikibazo iyo Thermit Weld inaniwe?
Ubushuhe ni bwo butuma ntabasha kubona icyo nkora kuko ari bwo bukunze kugaragara kandi butanga imbabazi nyinshi. Umuringa ushongeshejwe uturuka ku ngaruka za exothermic ugera kuri 1.083 °C - aho umuringa ushongeshejwe - kandi iyo uhuye n'amazi, ayo mazi arabira cyane agahinduka umwuka kandi akaguka inshuro zigera kuri 1.700 mu bunini. Umuyaga usubira inyuma mu cyuma gishongeshejwe, ugasiga inzira y'imyobo, maze ingingo irangirika mbere yuko ikonja.Iperereza ryakozwe na OSHA ku bikorwa byo gusudira thermit, iyi nzira imwe yateje imvune nyinshi zo gutwika no gutwika abakozi kurusha andi makosa yose yo mu buryo bwa exothermic.
Impamvu ibi binanirana bucece ni uko ubushuhe bufite ahantu hatatu ho kwihisha, kandi kimwe muri byo ni cyo kigaragara.
- Ifu itose.Impamvu ikunze gutuma ibintu bigwa nabi cyane. Ifu yoherezwa mu macupa afunze kubera impamvu runaka - iyo icupa rimaze gufungurwa, ibirimo biba bifite hygroscopic kandi bizajya bitwara ubushuhe bwo mu kirere mu gihe cy'amasaha make. Icupa "risa n'iryumye" ntiryumye.
- Amakonderi y'amazi ahumeka.Umugozi w'umuringa n'icyuma gipfutse umuringa byombi bibika ubushuhe mu gice cy'umugozi. Insinga yabitswe idapfutse aho hantu mu gihe cy'imvura igwa iba itose imbere nubwo inyuma hasa n'aho yumye, kandi ubuso bwumye buzongera gukurura ubushuhe mu minota mike mu kirere gikonje.
- Ubukonje buterwa n'ibihumyo.Igikoresho cya grafiti cyakuwe mu bubiko bufite icyuma gikonjesha kuri 18 °C mu gitondo kirimo ubushyuhe bwa 32 °C, 85% by'ubushuhe, kizafata agace k'amazi ku rukuta rwacyo mbere y'uko abakozi bashyiraho umuyobozi w'icyuma. Hanyuma, icyo gikoresho gifata agace k'amazi hagati y'urukuta rw'igikoresho n'icyuma cyashongeshejwe.
Isuzuma ry'urupfu rwa Cebu mu mirongo itatu
Imiyoboro ya Cebu yananiwe kuko ifu yari iri ku cyambu cyari cyuzuyemo imvura, maze abakozi bafungura amacupa mu gitondo cyo gusukura. Bakoresheje ifu uko byagenda kose kuko yasaga n'iyumye - kandi igice cyo hasi cy'agasaro, kuri buri gice cyananiwe, cyagaragazaga imiterere y'umwobo w'amazi uturuka ku mwuka ushyushye usiga inyuma. Isuzuma ry'iminota 20 ku makarito atatu mbere yo gusukura ryari gufata itsinda ryose, kandi abakozi bari kumenya ko bagomba gushyira mu kato ibisigaye.
Ese ifu yawe ya Graphite yangiritse irenga serivisi zayo ziboneye?
Iyi ni yo mpamvu abatanga serivisi bahangana n’ibibazo bikomeye, kuko uburyo bwo gutsindwa butagaragara ku muguzi kandi umubare w’ibihe ni ikintu umutanga serivisi wenyine azi.Ubuvanganzo bw'ibicuruzwa bya Cadweld bya nVent ERICOipima ubujeni bwa grafiti ku ntera iri hagati ya 50 na 100, kandi ku murongo wacu dupimaimashini zo gusudira thermitku nshuro imwe 50 kugeza ku 100, hamwe n'ingingo 80 kugeza ku 100 zikoreshwa mu murima bisanzwe. Nyuma y'ibyo, umwobo uba warangiritse bihagije ku buryo umwobo w'amazi utagipima icyuma cyashongeshejwe neza mu ihuriro.
Ikimenyetso cy'ukuri cy'ibumba ryashaje si agace gato ushobora kubona - ni ikamba ryasuwede ritakaza imiterere yaryo y'umusego rigatangira gusohokera imbere hagati. Ibumba rishya rikora ikamba ritumba buhoro buhoro hejuru y'umuyoboro w'amazi, kuko ifu yuzura gato mu mwobo hanyuma ifu irenze ikajya mu gitereko. Ibumba ryashaje riratumba munsi y'amazi, kuko umwobo wagutse bihagije ku buryo ifu imwe itagifite ikiguzi cyo gusohokera. Abakozi bishyura bongeramo ifu, hanyuma ishyushya cyane umwobo kandi ikihutisha kwangirika - umurongo usubiza ibibazo ufata ifu makumyabiri mbi kugira ngo isenye ibumba burundu.
Uburyo bwo guha amanota ifumbire utaguze kuri twe
Niba warazwe n'undi muntu utanga ifumbire, pima imwe ukurikije ifumbire izwi neza ifite imiterere imwe. Ifumbire ya grafiti itakaza garama zigera kuri 3 kugeza kuri 8 kuri buri ruziga bitewe n'ubushyuhe n'isukura; ifumbire ifite garama 50 munsi y'uburemere bwayo bwo gutangira yagize uruziga rurenze urwo isuzuma ryayo ribikwemerera. Icya kabiri, reba imiterere y'isaro ry'ubudodo mu ruziga ruheruka - niba hari imwe muri zo yashyizwe imbere, ifumbire iba yarenze idirishya ryayo ry'ubuziranenge.IEEE Std 837-2014, imiterere y’ibisabwa kugira ngo habeho imiyoboro ihoraho yo gufunga ibyuma, imiterere y’aho amazi acukurwa ni kimwe mu bimenyetso by’ibisabwa - bityo rero, ikibumbano cyashaje si ingaruka z’ubwiza gusa, ahubwo ni ingaruka z’uko umuntu yubahiriza amategeko ugereranyije n’urugero rwagenwe.
Ese ifu ntoya ishobora kwangiza ubushyuhe bwawe mu buryo bucece?
Ifu iza mu ngano zisanzwe za karitoli ku mpamvu runaka.Kubera ko igipimo cy’ifu hagati y’umuringa n’umusemburo ari cyo gihinduka kigaragaza niba igisubizo gitanga ubushyuhe buhagije bwo gushonga neza igice cy’umusemburo, gupima ubunini bw’umusemburo birema igice gisukamo ibintu bikomeye inyuma ariko kikaba kidahuye neza n’umusemburo w’umusemburo.Isaro isa neza. Ubudahangarwa buvuga ukuri nyuma y'amezi atandatu iyo ingingo ishyushye munsi y'umuyoboro wa mbere w'ikosa.
Verisiyo y'ukuri y'iki kibazo ni uko abakozi rimwe na rimwe basimbuza karito nto iyo ingano ikwiye itaraboneka, bakeka ko "ingano y'icyuma ingana". Verisiyo idahwitse ni uko bamwe mu batanga ibicuruzwa bazagurisha karito #115 ku giciro cya #150 kuko urupapuro rw'itumiza ry'umucuruzi rwanditseho "cable-to-cable 50 mm²" rutavuze ko ari igikoresho cyuzuye. Byombi birangirira ku ngingo imwe: isaro ryiza, icyuho gito cyihishe kuri karito, n'ubudahangarwa bugenda bwiyongera umwaka ushize.
Ese inzira ngufi zo gutegura icyuma ni impamvu yihishe itera ingingo zidashobora guhagarara neza?
Nabonye abakozi bamara iminota makumyabiri basukura igice kigaragara cy'umugozi w'umuringa kandi barenga igice kijya mu mwobo w'ibumba, kuko urupapuro rw'ibanga ruvuga ngo "isuku kugeza ku cyuma gishyushye" nta gusobanura uburyo.Kubera ko ubwo bufatanye bubera ku buso bw'umuyoboro w'amazi uri imbere mu mwobo mu gihe cyo gusukwa, igice cyanduye kiri munsi y'uwo mwobo gikora ingingo ikomeza gukorana n'icyuma inyuma naho imbere igashyirwamo okiside.
Ubwandu bukunze kugaragara ku ikoreshwa ry’ubutasi si umwanda - ni igikumwe. Abakozi bafata igice cy’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi kijya mu ibumba, bagasiga agace gato k’amavuta ku ruhu rwabo, maze umuringa washongeshejwe ntushobora kunyura muri iyo firime ngo wifatanye n’icyuma cyo hasi. Ingaruka ni uko icyuma gifatana hagati y’icyuma cyometseho n’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi, kandi icyuma cyometseho umwuka ni ubwoko bw’aho NUREG-1800 ihurira nk’inzira yo kwangirika mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe.
- Koresha uburoso bw'icyuma bugenewe kandi butyaye kuri buri gikoresho cy'icyuma - umuringa, icyuma gipfutse umuringa, n'icyuma gikozwe muri galvanizing buri kimwe gikenera uburoso bwacyo.
- Hanagura igice gisukuye ukoresheje igitambaro kidafite ibara ry'umuhondo kirimo inzoga ya isopropyl, ntukoreshe ikiganza kirimo agapfukantoki.
- Ongera usukure iyo icyuma gitemba amazi cyicaye hanze iminota irenga 15 mbere yo gusukwa, kuko umuringa mushya wongera kwiyongerera ubushyuhe vuba mu kirere cyo ku nkombe no mu nganda.
- Fata igice gisukuye ukoresheje ipamba isukuye cyangwa igitambaro gisukuye kuva icyo gihe - ntugire icyo ukora ku ruhu.
Ese igihe cyo gushyushya ibintu mu gihe cy'ubukonje nicyo gitera kunanirwa kwawe mu gitondo no mu gihe cy'akazi?
Iyi ni yo mpamvu nta muntu n'umwe ushyira mu nyandiko, kuko bisa nkaho ari ikosa ry’umukoresha aho kuba ikosa ry’imikorere. Ukuri ni uko reaction ya exothermic ihuzwa n’ibahasha runaka y’ubushyuhe, kandi ifu iri munsi ya 25 °C mu gihe cyo gushya ikora mu buryo butandukanye n’iyashyushye mbere. Ifu yo gutangira irashya, imbere y’irashya ikwirakwira mu muyoboro, ariko umuringa washongeshejwe utakaza ubushyuhe kuri grafiti ikonje vuba kurusha uko reaction ishobora kubyuzuza, kandi icyuma kigera mu mwobo w’ingufu munsi y’ubushyuhe bwa fusion. Isaro iracyakora. Intera ntiyuzuye.
Iki ni ikibazo gikomeye cyane ku birebana n'ihinduka rya mugitondo ahantu hashyushye cyangwa hakonje, kandi ni ikibazo gikomeye cyane ku birebana n'ihinduka rya nyuma ya saa sita ahantu hashyuha cyane aho abakozi babanza gukonjesha ibumba ryabo mu bubiko bufite icyuma gikonjesha kugira ngo "babikomeze". Ingeso iyo ari yo yose itera imiterere imwe yo gucika intege: umurongo ukonje aho impande ebyiri z'icyuma zahuriraga ariko ntizifatanye neza, bigaragara ku gice cyambukiranya nk'uruhererekane rukomeye mu miterere y'ingano ijyanye n'urukuta rw'aho uboshye.
Urutonde rw'igenzura ry'ubucamanza: Icyo wakora iyo itsinda ry'abayoboke bananiwe gutanga akazi
Iyo icyuma gisohoka mu gihe cyo gufunga kinaniwe gukora, kurikirana iperereza muri ubu buryo. Igenzura ritatu rya mbere rifata igihe kitarenze isaha imwe aho rikorera kandi rikemura hafi 80% by'ibyangiritse mu ihuriro ry'amahuriro menshi nta kintu na kimwe giciwe.
- Emeza amateka y'ifu.Ifu yatanzwe ryari, yabikwaga ite, kandi hari amacupa yafunguwe mbere yo gusukwa? Igisubizo icyo ari cyo cyose cya "yego" kigaragaza ubushuhe (Impamvu ya 1).
- Kura icyuma cy'ibumba.Ifumbire imaze gukora ingendo zingahe? Igereranya hagati y’inshuro 50–100. Ifumbire iyo ari yo yose irengeje amanota yayo irasimburwa mbere y’uko isubira gusohoka (Impamvu ya 2).
- Genzura ingano y'ifu ukurikije gahunda y'umuyoboro w'amazi.Huza ingano ya karitsiyo kuri buri karitsiyo ugereranije n'uruvange rw'umuyoboro w'amazi uri ku gice cy'umuyoboro. Ibitajyanye bikongera gusukwa hamwe na karitsiyo ikwiye (Impamvu ya 3).
- Genzura ingingo eshatu zangiritse ku gice cyazo.Gukata umukero n'ubudodo birahagije kugira ngo hamenyekane imiterere y'umwobo w'amazi (Impamvu ya 1), oxide lamination (Impamvu ya 4), kuzuza munsi y'amazi (Impamvu ya 2 na 3), cyangwa imirongo ikonje (Impamvu ya 5).
- Ikosa ryakozwe ku ikarita ugereranije n'urukurikirane rw'ikoreshwa ry'amakarita.Gutsindwa kw'ibice mu ntangiriro y'impinduka hafi ya byose bigaragaza Impamvu ya 5 (ibihumyo bikonje). Gutsindwa kw'ibice mu mpera y'ifu y'ibice binini bigaragaza Impamvu ya 1 (ifu itose). Gutsindwa gukwirakwira neza mu gice cy'impinduka kugeza ku Impamvu ya 2 cyangwa 4.
Niba ibyananiranye birokotse igenzura ryose uko ari ringana, ikibazo kiri hafi ya cyose ni ibidukikije - shimi y'ubutaka, imiyoboro y'amazi itemba, cyangwa ingese ya galvanic ibona aho isudira yasigaye - kandi ikiganiro kigomba guhinduka kuva ku buryo bujya ku bundi. Icyo kiganiro ni ingingo yacyo bwite.
Imyitwarire yo kongera gusuka: Kugabanya, si kongera gusudira mu mwanya wayo
Iyo ingingo imaze kwangirika, gusana neza ni ukugabanya inyuma y’agace kagize ikibazo cy’ubushyuhe no kongera gutegura icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi kuva ku busa. Gusuka icyuma gishya cyongera ubushyuhe ku gice cyangiritse ntibihuza icyuma gishya n’icya kera neza, kuko aho cyakoreshejwe mbere cyamaze gukora icyuma cyacyo bwite kandi imiterere iyo ari yo yose ifata ihinduka ahantu hashobora kwangirika. Aho gukata hagomba kuba nibura mm 50 z’icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi gisukuye kuri buri ruhande rw’igice cya mbere, ifu nshya igomba kuba iri mu mubare wayo, kandi ifu igomba kuba ivuye mu gikombe gishya gifunguye kandi cyumye.
Gusuka ubwa kabiri ni cyo gihe gikwiye cyo kuvugurura ibumba niba ikibazo cyagaragaye ko ibumba ryangiritse. Tubohereza ibyacuibumba zo gusudira zikozwe mu buryo bwa exothermichamwe n'urutonde rw'ibice by'imashini rukurikiranye kugira ngo abaguzi bashobore gukurikirana amateka ya buri mashini mu mushinga, kandi uruziga rumwe rugomba kugendana n'imashini iyo ari yo yose igenda hagati y'aho iherereye. Imashini udashobora gusobanura ni imashini udashobora kwizera.
| Impamvu | Icyo ugomba kugenzura ku rubuga | Igihe kuri buri ngingo |
|---|---|---|
| Ubushuhe | Ikizamini cya desiccant kuri karito y'icyitegererezo; ikizamini cyo guhanagura igikoresho; ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bw'ibihumyo ≥ 30 °C | Iminota 2 |
| Kwambara ifu | Imbonerahamwe y'izunguruka ry'ibihumyo; ishusho y'urusaro ku mavuta atanu ashize; uburemere bw'ibihumyo ugereranije n'uburemere bw'intangiriro | Umunota 1 |
| Ifu ntoya cyane | Ingano ya cartridge ugereranije na gahunda y'umuyoboro w'amazi; igenzura ry'ubuziranenge bw'itsinda | Umunota 1 |
| Gutegura umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi | Igenzura ry'icyuma gishyushye rigaragara; nta ruhu rwahuye narwo nyuma yo gusukura; ≤ iminota 15 idirishya rifunguye | Umunota 1 |
| Gushyushya ubukonje | Temometero ya infrared cyangwa ikoze ku gihumyo igihe cyo gushya; ishyushye mbere y'igihe niba ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 25 °C | Amasegonda 30 |
Uburyo bwo kugenzura umutanga serivisi wawe usanzwe utanga serivisi nta muntu umutuka
Inyinshi mu byifuzo mfata kuri iyi ngingo ntabwo zitangirana n'ibyananiranye. Zitangirana n'umuguzi wasabwe kwemeza umutanga serivisi mushya, cyangwa injeniyeri warazwe inzira atateguye, kandi bashaka kumenya ibibazo byo kubaza mbere y'uko byananirana ukundi. Imvugo y'ukuri y'icyo kiganiro ni uko hafi buri mutanga serivisi ashobora kohereza ifuro rikora ku munsi wo gusuka. Ikibazo gikomeye ni ukumenya niba bashobora kwandika impamvu ibicuruzwa byabo bikora, kandi niba bazabitunga igisubizo mu gihe bitagenze neza.
Ibibazo bitatu bitandukanya umutanga serivisi nyawe n'umugabanyirizwa w'ibiciro kuri iki kibazo cyihariye, kandi nabisobanurira buri muguzi muri uru rutonde.
- "Nyereka icyitegererezo cyawe cy'inyandiko z'uruhererekane rw'ibimera."Umucuruzi ukurikirana imibare y'ibicuruzwa ni umucuruzi uzi ko ibihumyo bishira. Umucuruzi utabikora ni umwe mu bantu babi cyane badashobora kureka ikibazo cyawe kikaza kuba icyabo.
- "Ni gute ifu yawe ishobora gukurikiranwa?"Buri gacupa kagomba kuba gafite inomero y'itsinda, itariki kakoreweho, n'ikimenyetso cyerekana ko gafunze neza. Umucuruzi ushyira ifu nyinshi mu macupa adafite ikirango ni ikibazo cy'ubushuhe mu gacupa.
- "Uhagaze ute ku birebana no gusimbuza karitosi ntoya?"Igisubizo cy'ukuri ni “twanze itegeko kugeza igihe wemeye ingano y'umuyoboro w'amazi.” Igisubizo giteye akaga ni “tushobora kohereza agacupa gato uyu munsi.”
Twubatse inyandiko zacu zo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze zishingiye kuri ibi bibazo bitatu kuko ari byo bibazo iperereza ryacu ryananiwe rikomeza kugarukaho. Ni nabyo natubaza iyo mba umuguzi.
Gusuzuma Ikosa ryo Gusuka Ingufu mu Bikoresho by'Uburinzi — Hitamo Ibimenyetso Ubona mu Rugo
Mbere yo gukata ingingo imwe, kora ubu buryo bwo gusuzuma. Hitamo ikimenyetso gihuye n'ibyo ubona aho uri - ishusho, amashanyarazi, cyangwa imiterere y'igihe - hanyuma igikoresho kikigarure ku mpamvu zishobora kuba ari zo zose muri eshanu zavuzwe haruguru, kiguha ubumenyi bwizewe, kandi kikerekana intambwe ugomba gufata mbere y'uko usubira gusuka. Iki ni cyo gipimo kimwe njyana umuguzi kuri telefoni iyo ahamagaye ikibazo.
- Genzura ingano ya karitsiyo ukurikije uko kondakita ikora — charge yoroheje ni yo mpamvu ikunze gutuma kondakita imwe idakora neza.
- Genzura uburyo ibimera bihagaze: ibice bibiri bigomba gufunga neza ku murongo wo hagati w'icyuma nta rumuri rugaragara.
- Reba disiki y'icyuma — igomba kuba iri hagati hejuru y'umwobo w'amazi mbere yo gucana, ntigire aho ijya iva.
- Ongera utegure igikoresho cy'amashanyarazi ukoresheje uburoso bushya n'agapira ka isopropyl mbere yo gusukura ubundi.
- Fata ishusho y'aho igice cyangiritse n'uburyo gihagaze mbere yo kugisenya kugira ngo igisigaye cyo gusukwa gishobore kugenzurwa.
Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ikimenyetso kimwe ku mpamvu imwe ishoboka cyane hashingiwe ku miterere y’ibice 312 byakozweho ubushakashatsi n’uruganda rwacu hagati ya 2023 na 2026. Niba ibimenyetso bibiri bihuye, koresha icya kabiri ukwacyo - bizagaragaza impamvu imwe mu bantu bagera kuri 80% by’indwara zikunze kugaragara.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Kubyerekeye Exothermic Welds Yananiwe
Namenya nte ko exothermic weld yananiwe niba ikiri ikomeye?
Ingufu zo gusudira ikirere zangiritse zishobora kugaragara neza inyuma ariko zikaba zitameze neza. Ibipimo byizewe ni amashanyarazi: ishusho y’ubudahangarwa bwa milliohm izamuka umwaka ushize, ishusho y’ubushyuhe ifatwa munsi y’umutwaro igaragaza ko ingingo ishyushye kurusha kondakita, cyangwa impeta y’umuringa w’icyatsi kibisi aho kondakita isohoka. Igenzura ry’amaso ryonyine rifata gusa ibyangiritse bikomeye - ubwiyongere bw’amazi bwanyuze hejuru cyangwa ubwiyongere bw’amazi bubuze ku mwobo w’amazi.
Ese imashini ya exothermic yananiwe ishobora kongera gusudira mu mwanya wayo, cyangwa kondakita igomba gucibwa?
Ugomba kugabanya inyuma y’agace kagize ingaruka ku bushyuhe hanyuma ukongera gutegura icyuma gishya. Gusuka icyuma gishya cyometse ku gice cyangiritse ntibihuza icyuma gishya n’umuringa ushaje neza kuko aho cyakoreshejwe mbere cyamaze gukora icyuma cyacyo bwite kandi porosity iyo ari yo yose iba ahantu hagomba gufatirwa icyuma. Mu by’ukuri, igice cyangiritse bivuze kugabanya nibura mm 50 z’icyuma kuri buri ruhande, gusukura icyuma gishyushye, no gukoresha ifumbire nshya ya grafiti - kandi nyuma yo kumenya impamvu nyamukuru.
Ubushuhe bukora iki mu by'ukuri mu gice cyo gusukamo amazi (exothermic weld)?
Umuringa ushongeshejwe uva mu buryo bwa exothermic uri kuri dogere selisiyusi 1.083, kandi amazi yose afatiwe mu mwobo w'ibumba, ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi, cyangwa mu ifu arashya kugira ngo ahindure umwuka ako kanya icyuma kigeze. Umuyaga wiyongera inshuro zigera ku 1.700 mu bunini kandi ugasohoka mu cyuma gishongeshejwe, bigasiga imyobo n'aho umwuka uhurira ufite imyenge. Mu bihe bibi cyane byagaragaye, guturika k'umwuka kwatumye icyuma gishongeshejwe kiva mu cyuma gishongeshejwe n'ibikoresho bikikije umuriro - iki ni cyo kintu gikunze kugaragara cyane mu gushyushya umuriro OSHA ikora ku mikorere ya thermit-welding.
Ibumba rya grafiti exothermic welding rigomba kumara igihe kingana iki?
Ku murongo wacu dupima ibumba rya grafiti ku nshuro 50 kugeza ku 100, n'ingingo 80 kugeza ku 100 mu buryo busanzwe bwo gukoreshwa mu murima, kuko buri gusukamo bikuraho umwobo kandi bigakura buhoro buhoro umwobo w'amazi. Ibumba ryarenze umubare waryo w'ingendo ritangira gukora ingingo zidahagije, kandi abazikoresha bakazishyura bongeramo ifu - hanyuma bigashyushya umwobo kandi byihutisha kwangirika. Ikimenyetso cy'ukuri si ukumenagura ushobora kubona; ni agasaro ko gusudira gatakaza imiterere yako yihariye y'umusego gatangira gushongesha imbere.
Kuki exothermic weld yanjye isa neza ariko igapima imbaraga nyinshi mu kuyikoresha?
Ubudahangarwa bwinshi ku cyuma gisa neza hafi ya byose bugaruka kuri kimwe mu bintu bitatu: icyuma cyasukurwaga kikaba icyuma gishyushye munsi y’aho cyasuwe, ifu yari ntoya cyane ku gice cya kondakita, cyangwa ifu yari yahinduwe nabi bityo icyuma cyashongeshejwe kikinjira mu byuma aho kwivanga byombi. Gusudira neza n’icyuma gishyushye cyoroshye ntabwo ari ikintu kimwe mu buryo bwikora, kuko igipimo cyo kudahangana gifatwa ku gice, ntabwo kinyura mu cyuma. Twabonye ingingo zifite amasaro meza zingana na micro-ohm 800 ugereranije na micro-ohm 30 kugeza kuri 50 nziza ku bice bimwe.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yo kunanirwa kwa exothermic weld na weld ifite inenge kuva itangira?
Ikosa ryo gusudira mu buryo bwa exothermic ni igice cyakoraga neza mu gihe cyo gushyiraho hanyuma kikangirika mu gihe cyo gukora — akenshi binyuze mu kwangirika ku murongo w’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi, isudi ntizigera igera aho ikorera, binyuze mu gushyuha kwatumye habaho icyuho gito, cyangwa binyuze mu guhungabana kwa mekanike. Isudi ifite inenge ntiyigeze iba nziza: yasukwaga ifu itose, icyuho kinini cyane, ifu yashaje, cyangwa icyuma cyanduye, kandi ikosa rigaragara mu gihe cyo gushyiraho cyangwa ikizamini cya mbere cy’umutwaro. Gutandukanya ibintu bibiri kuko ikosa rikunze kugaragaza ikibazo cy’ibidukikije, mu gihe ikosa rigaragaza ikibazo cy’imikorere cyangwa icy’umutanga serivisi.
Jane Yang· Umuyobozi ushinzwe kugurisha, Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd.
Imyaka 12 mu kurinda inkuba no gufunga ubucuruzi bw'amahanga · Imyaka 17 yo gukora uruganda inyuma ya buri nama.
LinkedIn · Facebook · X
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-27-2026