He aratohu mā te tumuaki o te marangā whakarewa werawera i rahua— ngā take e rima o te tukanga, te aratohu tātaritanga, me tētahi tātaritanga rahunga whakarewa taunekeneke ka taea e koe te whakahaere i mua i te tapahi i tētahi mea.
- Ko te nuinga o ngā rahunga whakarewa "ohorere" ehara i te mea ohorere: tata ki te 80% e ahu mai ana i tētahi o ngā take tukanga e rima kāore i te maha te tuhi a ngā kaiwhakarato — te makuku kua mau, te karāwhata kua pakaru, te paura iti rawa, te whakarite i te ara iahiko kua poke, te wā mura o te pokepokea ai matao rānei.
- Ahakoa te āhua tika o te hononga, ka taea tonu te ine i te 800 micro-ohm ki te 30–50 micro-ohm hauora, nā te mea kāore e kitea te porosity taha-arahi, te whakakikorua waikura rānei i te tirohanga kanohi.
- Kāore e taea te ringihia anō ki te wāhi tika mēnā kua pakaru ngā hononga — tapahia kia 50 mm te iti rawa o te ara iahiko ki tua atu i te rohe e pāngia ana e te wera, kimihia te pūtake o te take, kātahi ka whakarite anō mā te whakamahi i te pokepokea i roto i tōna matapihi huringa ratonga 50–100.
- Mō iaTe tohutoro a Cadweld a nVent ERICO, ka puta he hononga ngota i te tukanga, ehara i te hononga ā-ringa — nō reira, ko tētahi momo rahunga e hanga ana i tētahi atanga (kiriata makuku, whakakikoruatanga waikura, āputa) ka hinga te hangarau mai i roto.
- Tō mātouraina pokepokea ai te werawerakua whakatauria mō ngā huringa 50–100 me ngā hononga 80–100 e whakamahia ana i te mara, he mea mīhini mai i te karāpeti kounga teitei kia roa ake ai te mau o te ātete ki te poka — engari ko te pokepokea i waho o taua matapihi ehara i te pokepokea, engari he herenga.
- Whakahaerehia te taunekenekeTe Tātaritanga o te Rahunga Whakarewai raro nei i mua i te tapahi i tētahi hononga — tīpakohia te tohu e kitea ana e koe i te wāhi, ka kimihia te pūtake tino tūpono me ngā mahi rongoā tere tonu.
E toru wiki ki muri, i tukuna mai e tētahi kaimahi kirimana i Cebu ētahi whakaahua ki ahau i te 11 i te pō, te wā o te rohe. E rua rau ngā hononga werawera i ringihia i te hauwhā o mua ki runga i tētahi whatunga whenua teihana hiko 33 kV. I te ata i muri mai ka whakatūwherahia. He tino pai te āhua o te haurua o ngā hononga. Ko tētahi atu haurua he putunga iti i te putanga o te ara iahiko, ā, e ine ana i waenga i te 600 me te 900 maikoro-ohm, ki te 30 ki te 50 i te haurua pai. Nā te kaiwhakarato - ehara i a mātou - i tuku tepaura whakarewa whakarewai runga i tētahi kaipuke i tū ki te tauranga o Manila i roto i ngā rā e toru o te ua. Kāore tetahi i whakatuwhera i tētahi kātere hei tirotiro.
Koia te take o tēnei tuhinga. Whai muri i te 17 tau o te mahi miihiningā pokepokea whakarewa weraweramō ngā kaihoko o tāwāhi — me te 12 tau o te mātakitaki i ā rātou pūrongo whakatūnga — kua mutu taku whakapono ki ngā hapa ohorere. Ko te mea e ahua ohorere ana he hapa tukanga kāore i tohua e tetahi nā te mea kāore te pepa whakaritenga i kī atu kia tirohia e rātou. Koinei taku e tuku atu nei ki ngā kaimahi kirimana katoa e waea mai ana ki ahau mō tētahi hapa "ngaro", i te raupapa e whakamārama atu ai ahau i a rātou i roto i te papaanga.
He aha te take kāore rawa ai e hē te whakarewanga wera i rahua pērā i tō whakaaro
Me wero tuatahi ahau i te anga, nā te mea ka whakatau i ngā whakatau raruraru katoa a te kapa. Ina waea mai te kaimahi kirimana ki ahau mō te "whakarewatanga rahua", ka pātai atu ahau i tētahi pātai i mua i taku pātai atu i tētahi atu mea:I paahitia e te hononga te whakamātautau ātete, i rahua rānei i te wā i inehia ai i te wā tuatahi?Ka rerekē ngā mea katoa i te whakautu, nā te mea he rerekē rawa ngā raruraru o te hononga kua pakaru te mahi me te hononga kua pakaru i te ua, ā, e rua anō hoki ngā pūtake.
E ai ki ngā tuhinga whakahaere-pakeketanga mō ngā hononga hiko tanumia e whakahuatia ana e ngā kamupene hiko o Amerika (NUREG-1800, te pūrongo Generic Aging Lessons Learned i whakamahia hei whakamana i ngā tekau tau o te whakaroa i te oranga o te tipu), ko ngā tikanga pirau kua tuhia mō tētahi hononga tanumia ko te huringa wera, te whakamahana ohmic, te wiri, me te waikura - ā, e mārama ana te pūrongo ko ēnei he tikanga e mahi ana i runga i ngā atanga. HeKāore he hononga ki te tawhito o te whakarewa exothermic, nā te mea ka noho ngā kaiārahi me te parahi rewa hei konganuku kotahi tonu i te wā o te tauhohenga. Nō reira, ina pakaru te hononga werawera i ringihia tika i te wā e mahi ana, kāore rawa te pakaru i roto i te konganuku whakarewa tonu — kei roto i tētahi wāhanga o te kaiārahi kāore i tae atu te whakarewa, i roto rānei i tētahi āputa moroiti huringa werawera i mahue i te whakarewa nā te mea i hē te utu paura i te rā ringihia.
He aha te āhua o te "hapa i puta mai i te rā ua" i runga i te tātaritanga taihara
Nā ngā hononga e rua rau o Cebu i ako mai tētahi tauira kua mau tonu i roto i ngā pakaru maha-hononga katoa kua hikoi ahau mai i taua wā. Ina tapahia e mātou tētahi hononga kua pakaru, ka whakakanapahia te wāhanga whakawhiti, ka kite mātou i tētahi o ngā hanganga iti e rima e hokihoki ana, ā, ka hono pai ia ki tētahi o ngā take tukanga e rima i roto i te toenga o tēnei tuhinga:
- I huihui ngā pūhao pupuhi tata ki te mata o te ara iahiko.Te mamaoa mai i te makuku kua mau — he paura mākū te nuinga, he ara iahiko haukū i ētahi wā, ā, ka whakapūpū i roto i te pokepokea makariri i ētahi wā.
- He whakakikoruatanga waikura e whakarara ana ki te tuaka arataki.Te poke i waenga i te ara iahiko me te konganuku whakarewa — te hinu mai i te tapumati, te waikura toenga mai i te taura kāore i horoia pai, te kiriata tuku-kaihoko rānei mai i te pokepokea kāore anō kia whakamahanahia i mua.
- He kōhao kāore i te kī, he mata pīrori he rite ki te rīpene.He pokepokea aira kua tawhitotia ki tua atu i tōna tatau huringa, he paura rānei he iti rawa mō te wāhanga whakawhiti o te ara iahiko i tika kia whakakīia e te ringihanga.
- He aho kati-makariri i te mea kāore i taea e ngā mata whakarewa e rua te hanumi.I hē te wā mura mō te pāmahana o te pokepokea ai — nā te mea i ngana te kapa ki te mura i te pokepokea ai i waho tonu o tētahi toa hauhautanga i tētahi ata makariri.
- He pītiti whakarewa e herea ana ki tētahi o ngā ara iahiko e rua anake i roto i te whakawhiti.He hē te tūnga o te pokepokea ai i te katinga, he kōpae paura rānei i neke atu i te kōhao o te pū i te wā e mura ana.
Kia mōhio koe ki te pānui i ēnei hanganga iti e rima, ka mutu te kōrero rapurongoā hei whakaaro noa iho. Ko te toenga o tēnei aratohu e ārahi ana i ia take i roto i te raupapa e tirotirohia ana e au i te wāhi, me te taahiraa manatoko e whakaatu ana i mua i te tapahi i tētahi hononga.
Ko te makuku te tino take ina hē te whakarewanga Thermit?
Ko te makuku te tino take o te rahunga e ārahi ana ahau nā te mea koinei te mea tino noa, ā, ko te mea tino muru hara hoki. Ko te parahi rewa mai i te tauhohenga werawera kei te tata ki te 1,083 °C — te pūwāhi rewa o te parahi — ā, i te wā e tūtaki ai ki tētahi wai, ka koropupū wawe taua wai hei mamaoa, ka whakawhanui ake i te 1,700 ngā wā o te rahinga. Ka hoki anō te mamaoa mā roto i te konganuku whakarewa tonu, ka waiho he ara o ngā pūhao pupuhi, ā, ka pakaru te hononga i mua i te whakamatao. IaNgā rangahautanga a te OSHA mō ngā mahi whakarewa wera, nā tēnei tikanga kotahi i nui ake ai ngā whara mura me ngā weranga o ngā kaimahi i tētahi atu hapa tukanga werawera.
Ko te take e kore ai e angitu, he toru ngā wāhi huna o te makuku, ā, kotahi anake e kitea ana.
- Paura mākū.Ko te tino take o te pakaru o te nuinga. He take anō kei te tukuna ai te paura i roto i ngā kēne hiri — ina tuwhera te kēne, he waiora te ihirangi, ā, ka mimiti i te haumākū o te taiao i roto i ngā āhuarangi takutai i roto i ngā hāora. Kāore te kātereti e "ahua maroke" ana, e maroke.
- Ngā kaiārahi haukū.Ka pupuri te aho parahi me te maitai whakakikoruatia ki te parahi i te makuku i roto i ngā āputa aho. Ahakoa te āhua maroke o waho, ka mākū te roto o te taura kua rongoatia kia kore e hipokina i te ua, ā, ka mimiti anō te makuku i roto i ngā meneti i te hau makuku e te mata kua whakamaroketia ki te rama.
- Te hauhautanga o te pokepokea ai makariri.Ka whakakōpirihia he kiriata wai i runga i te pakitara o tōna kōhao i mua i te whakaurunga o te ara iahiko e te kapa, ka tangohia mai i tētahi pēke hauhautanga i te 18 °C ki roto i tētahi ata haumākū 32 °C, 85% te makuku. Kātahi ka mau te kiriata i waenganui i te pakitara pēke me te konganuku rewa.
Te tūpāpaku o Cebu i roto i ngā rārangi e toru
I pakaru ngā hononga o Cebu nā te mea i tau te paura ki runga i te tauranga i makuku i te ua, ā, i whakatuwherahia e te kapa ngā kēne i te ata o te ringihanga. I whakamahia tonutia e rātou te paura nā te mea he maroke te āhua — ā, ko te taha raro o te poro, i runga i ia hononga pakaru, i whakaatu i te tauira pūnga pupuhi e waiho ana e te mamaoa e peia ana e te makuku. Mā te tirotiro whakamaroke 20-meneti i runga i ngā kātere tauira e toru i mua i te ringihanga kua mau te puranga katoa, ā, kua mōhio te kapa ki te wehe i te toenga.
Kua tawhito kē tō pokepokea aihe i tua atu i tōna wā mahi pono?
Koinei te take e tino kino ai te whakahaere a ngā kaiwhakarato, nā te mea e kore e kitea te aratau rahunga e te kaihoko, ā, ko te kaiwhakarato anake te mea e mōhio ana.Ngā tuhinga hua Cadweld a nVent ERICOe whakatau ana i ngā pokepokea graphite i te 50 ki te 100 huringa ratonga, ā, i runga i tā mātou raina ka whakatauria e mātou ā mātoungā pokepoke whakarewa werai ngā huringa 50 ki te 100, me ngā hononga 80 ki te 100 i te whakamahinga noa i te mara. Whai muri i tēnā, kua tino memeha te kōhao, ā, kāore e taea e te kōhao o te puna te ine tika i te konganuku rewa ki roto i te hononga.
Ehara i te mea he pakaru te tohu pono o tētahi pokepokea kua tawhito — engari ko te poroporo whakarewa e ngaro ana tōna āhua urunga, ā, ka tīmata te whāriki ki roto i te pokapū. Ka puta he poroporo hou e āta whakakī ana i runga i te ara iahiko, nā te mea ka nui rawa te whakakī o te paura i te kōhao, ā, ka whakakīia te nui rawa ki roto i te pūwhakarewa. Ka iti te whakakī o tētahi pokepokea kua tawhito, nā te mea kua nui rawa te kōhao, ā, kāore e nui rawa te paura e whakakīia ana e taua paura anō. Ka whakatikatikahia e ngā kaimahi mā te tāpiri paura, ka wera rawa te kōhao, ka tere ake te pakaru — he porowhita urupare e rua tekau ngā ringihanga kino hei whakangaro katoa i tētahi pokepokea.
Me pēhea te whakatau i tētahi pokepokea ai kāore i hokona mai e koe i a mātou
Mena i riro mai i a koe ngā pokepoke i tētahi atu kaiwhakarato, paunatia tētahi ki tētahi pokepoke e mōhiotia ana he rite te āhua. Ka ngaro te matotoru o te pokepoke karāhe i te 3 ki te 8 karamu i ia huringa nā te mimiti wera me te horoi; ko te pokepoke 50 karamu i raro i tōna taumaha tīmatanga kua nui ake ngā huringa i te mea e whakaaetia ana e tōna whakatauranga. Tuarua, tirohia te āhua o te pītiti whakarewa puta noa i ngā ringihanga e rima whakamutunga - ki te mea kua ringihia tetahi o aua mea ki roto, kua panaia te pokepoke ki tua atu i tōna matapihi ratonga pono. IaPaerewa IEEE 837-2014, te anga tohu mō ngā hononga whenua teihana hiko tuturu, ko te āhua o te kōhao whakarewa he wāhanga o ngā taunakitanga tohu — nō reira ehara i te mea he mōrearea kounga anake te pokepokea kua tawhito, engari he mōrearea tutuki i te paerewa i tohua ai te hononga.
Tērā pea ka whakararu puku te paura iti i ō hononga whakarewa?
He take kei te wātea mai te paura i roto i ngā rahi kātereti paerewa.Nā te mea ko te ōwehenga paura-ki-papatipu parahi te taurangi e whakatau ana mēnā ka puta he wera nui i roto i te tauhohenga hei whakarewa katoa i te wāhanga whakawhiti o te ara iahiko, mā te whakaiti i te rahi o te kātere ka puta he hononga e ringihia totoka ana ki waho engari kāore i te tino honoa i te atanga o te ara iahiko.He pai te āhua o te pītiti. E ono marama i muri mai ka kitea te pono o te ātete ina wera te hononga i raro i te iahiko hapa tuatahi.
Ko te putanga pono o tēnei hapa, ko te whakakapinga a ngā kapa i tētahi kātere iti ake i te wā kāore i te wātea te rahi tika, i runga i te whakaaro "he rite tonu te nui o te konganuku". Ko te putanga tinihanga, ko ētahi kaiwhakarato ka hoko i tētahi kātere #115 i te utu o tētahi #150 nā te mea i kī te puka tono a te kaiwhakatū "taura-ki-taura 50 mm²" me te kore e tohua te takirua ara iahiko katoa. Ka mutu ngā mea e rua me te hononga kotahi: he poroporo ataahua, he āputa iti huna i te ara iahiko, me te ātete e piki haere ana i ia tau.
Ko ngā Pokatata Whakarite Arataki te Take Huna o ngā Hononga Ātete-Tiketike?
Kua mātakitaki ahau i ngā kaimahi e rua tekau meneti e horoi ana i te wāhanga e kitea ana o te miro parahi, ā, ka mahue te wāhanga e uru ana ki roto i te kōhao pokepokea ai, nā te mea e kī ana te pepa whakaritenga "ma ki te konganuku kanapa" me te kore e whakamārama me pēhea.Nā te mea ka hangaia te hononga ki te mata o te ara iahiko kei roto i te kōhao i te wā e ringihia ana, ka hangaia he hononga e haere tonu ana te taha waho e te mahi whakarewa, ā, kei roto kua whakakikoruatia ki te waikura.
Ko te paru te mea tino kitea e au i ngā wāhi whakawātea ture ehara i te paru — engari ko te tapumati. Ka whakahaerehia e ngā kaimahi te wāhanga ara iahiko e uru ana ki roto i te pokepokea ai, ka waiho he kiriata hinu angiangi mai i ō rātou kiri, ā, kāore e taea e te parahi rewa te mākū i roto i taua kiriata hei hanumi ki te konganuku turanga. Ko te mutunga he hononga me te papa waikura tonu i waenganui i te konganuku whakarewa me te ara iahiko, ā, ko te papa waikura te momo hononga e tuhia ana e NUREG-1800 hei ara pirau i raro i te huringa wera.
- Whakamahia he paraihe maitai koi, motuhake mō ia rauemi ara iahiko — me whai paraihe anō te parahi, te maitai whakakikoruatia ki te parahi, me te maitai piauau.
- Horoia te wāhanga kua horoia ki te kakahu kore-miro kua mākūkūhia ki te waipiro isopropyl, kaua ki te ringaringa he karapu.
- Mēnā kei te noho te kaiārahi hiko i waho mō te neke atu i te 15 meneti i mua i te ringihanga, me horoi anō, nā te mea ka tere te waikura anō o te parahi hou i ngā taiao takutai moana me ngā taiao ahumahi.
- Puritia te wāhanga kua horoia ki te rīpene ma, ki te kakahu ma rānei mai i taua wāhi — kaua e pā te kiri.
He aha te take o te korenga o ō mahi i te nekehanga ata i te wā mura o te pokepokea ai te makariri?
Koinei te take kāore tetahi e tuhi ana, nā te mea he rite ki te hapa kaiwhakahaere, kaua ki te hapa tukanga. Ko te mea pono ko te tauhohenga werawera ka whakaritea ki tētahi takai wera motuhake, ā, ko te pokepokea kei raro iho i te 25 °C i te wā o te mura ka rerekē te whanonga mai i te pokepokea kua whakamahanahia i mua. Ka mura te paura tīmatanga, ka horapa te taha o te tauhohenga mā roto i te utu, engari ka ngaro te wera o te parahi rewa ki te karāti matao i te tere ake i te kaha o te tauhohenga ki te whakakī anō, ā, ka tae te konganuku ki te kōhao arataki i raro i te pāmahana hanumi. Kei te hanga tonu te poro. Kāore i oti te hanumi.
He raruraru nui tēnei i te ata i ngā wāhi āhuarangi mātao, makariri rānei, ā, he raruraru nui i te ahiahi i ngā wāhi pārūrū, ina whakamataohia e ngā kaimahi ā rātou pokepokea i roto i te rokiroki hauhautanga hei "tiaki" i a rātou. Ka puta he tauira pakaru kotahi i roto i tētahi āhuatanga: he rārangi kati-mātao i te wā e tūtaki ai ngā mata whakarewa e rua engari kāore i tino hanumi, e kitea ana i te wāhanga whakawhiti hei momo koretake koi i roto i te hanganga witi e whakarara ana ki te pakitara kōhao.
Rārangi Arowhai Tūpāpaku: Me aha ina kore e angitu te mahi tahi
Ina kore e taea te whakatū i tētahi hononga i te rā ringihia, me haere tonu te rangahau i tēnei raupapa. E kore e neke atu i te kotahi hāora te roa o ngā tirotiro tuatahi e toru i te papaanga, ā, e whakatau ana i te 80% o ngā pakaru maha-hononga me te kore e tapahia tetahi mea.
- Manatokohia te hītori puranga paura.Nōnahea te paura i tukuna mai, me pēhea te penapena, ā, i whakatuwheratia ētahi kēne i mua i te ringihanga? Ko te whakautu "āe" e tohu ana i te makuku (Pānga 1).
- Tōia te poroporo pokepokea ai.E hia ngā huringa kua oti i te pokepokea ai? Whakatauritea ki te whakatauranga huringa 50–100. Ka whakakapia tetahi pokepokea i tua atu i tōna whakatauranga i mua i te ringihanga e whai ake nei (Take 2).
- Tirohia te rahi o te paura ki te rārangi wātaka o te kaiārahi hiko.Tātaitia te rahi o te kātereti o ia kēne ki te huinga ara iahiko i te hononga. Mēnā he rerekē ngā mea, ka ringihia anō ki te kātereti tika (Take 3).
- Tirohia ngā hononga e toru i pakaru i te taha whakawhiti.He nui te tapahi i te kani me te whakakanapa hei tautuhi i ngā tauira o te pūwero (Take 1), te whakakī waikura (Take 4), te kore whakakī (Take 2 me te 3), ngā rārangi kati-makariri rānei (Take 5).
- Ngā hapa mahere ki te raupapa ringihanga.Ko ngā hapa i huihui mai i te tīmatanga o te nekehanga ka tohu tonu ki te Take 5 (pokepokea makariri). Ko ngā hapa i huihui mai i te mutunga o te puranga paura ka tohu ki te Take 1 (paura mākū). Ka horapa ōrite ngā hapa puta noa i te pūwāhi nekehanga ki ngā Take 2, 4 rānei.
Ki te ora ngā hapa i ngā tirotiro e rima, ko te take he mea taiao — te matū oneone, ngā ia rere kē, te waikura rānei o te konukōre i te hononga i mahue i te whakarewa — ā, me neke te kōrero mai i te tukanga ki te hoahoa. Ko taua kōrero anō tōna kaupapa.
Te Whakahaunga o te Ringihia Anō: Te Whakaiti, Kaua e Whakarewa Anō ki te Wāhi
Kia pakaru te hononga, ko te whakatikatika tika anake ko te tapahi i tua atu i te rohe e pāngia ana e te wera, me te whakarite anō i te ara iahiko mai i te tīmatanga. Mā te ringihia o te konganuku whakarewa hou ki runga i te hononga pakaru, kāore e honoa pai te konganuku hou ki te mea tawhito, nā te mea kua hangaia kētia e te atanga taketake tana ake mahi whakarewa, ā, ko te porosity kua mau ka waiho hei wāhi whakapūmau mō te pakaru e whai ake nei. Me 50 mm te iti rawa o te ara iahiko ma i ia taha o te hononga taketake, me noho te pokepokea hou ki roto i tana tatau huringa, ā, me ahu mai te puranga paura i tētahi kēne kua whakatuwheratia, kua whakamanahia kua maroke.
Ko te ringihanga tuarua te wā tika hoki hei whakapai ake i te pokepokea ai mēnā ko te pakaru o te pokepokea ai te take. Ka tukuna atu e mātou ā mātoungā pokepokea whakarewa werawerame tētahi rārangi huringa raupapa kia taea ai e ngā kaihoko te whai i te hītori o ia pokepokea puta noa i tētahi kaupapa, ā, me haere tahi te rārangi kotahi me tētahi pokepokea e neke ana i waenga i ngā wāhi. Ko tētahi pokepokea kāore e taea te whakaaro he pokepokea kāore e taea te whakawhirinaki.
| Take | Ngā mea hei manatoko i te pae | Te wā mō ia hononga |
|---|---|---|
| Makuku | Whakamātautau whakamaroke i runga i te kātere tauira; whakamātautau horoi i te ara iahiko; pāmahana mata pokepokea ai ≥ 30 °C | 2 meneti |
| Te kakahu pokepokea ai | Te rārangi huringa pokepokea ai; te āhua o ngā pītiti puta noa i ngā ringihanga whakamutunga e rima; te taumaha pokepokea ai vs te taumaha tīmatanga | 1 meneti |
| Paura iti rawa | Rahi o te kātereti me te rārangi wā mō te ara iahiko; tirotiro i te pono o te puranga | 1 meneti |
| Te whakarite mō te kaiārahi | Tirotirohia te maitai kanapa o te tirohanga; kaua e pā ki te kiri i muri i te horoinga; ≤ 15 meneti te matapihi tuwhera | 1 meneti |
| Te mura o te makariri | He inemahana whero, he inemahana whakapā rānei kei runga i te pokepokea ai i te wā e mura ana; whakamahanahia i mua mēnā kei raro i te 25 °C | 30 hēkona |
Me pēhea te arotake i tō kaiwhakarato o nāianei me te kore e tawai ki tetahi
Ko te nuinga o ngā waea ka whakautua e au mō tēnei kaupapa, kāore i tīmata me te korenga o te mahi. Ka tīmata me te kaihoko kua tonoa kia tohua he kaiwhakarato hou, he miihini rānei kua riro mai i a rātou tētahi tukanga kāore i hangaia e rātou, ā, e hiahia ana rātou ki te mōhio he aha ngā pātai hei pātai i mua i te korenga o te mahi e whai ake nei. Ko te putanga pono o taua kōrero, tata ki ngā kaiwhakarato katoa ka taea te tuku i tētahi pokepokea e mahi ana i te rā ringihia. Ko te pātai uaua ake, mehemea ka taea e rātou te tuhi i te take i mahi ai ā rātou hua, me te mea ka riro i a rātou te whakautu ina kore e mahi.
E toru ngā pātai e wehewehe ana i te kaiwhakarato tūturu me te kaiwhakaheke utu mō tēnei huinga raruraru, ā, ka whakamāramahia e au ia kaihoko i roto i ēnei pātai i tēnei raupapa.
- "Whakaaturia mai tō tauira takiuru huringa pokepokea ai."Ko te kaiwhakarato e aroturuki ana i te tatau huringa, he kaiwhakarato e mōhio ana ka memeha haere ngā pokepokea ai. Ko te kaiwhakarato kāore e aroturuki ana i te tatau huringa, kotahi noa te tawhiti ka memeha haere tō raruraru.
- "He aha te kaha o tō whai i te puranga paura?"Me mau he tau puranga, he rā hanga, me te tohu ipu hiri i roto i ia kēne. He tūponotanga makuku kei roto i te kēne mēnā ka tākai anō te kaiwhakarato i te paura papatipu ki roto i ngā kēne kāore i te whai tapanga.
- "He aha tō whakaaro mō te whakakapinga o ngā kātere iti te rahi?"Ko te whakautu pono ko "ka whakakahoretia e mātou te ota kia whakaūtia rā anō e koe te rahi o te kaiārahi." Ko te whakautu morearea ko "ka taea e mātou te tuku atu i tētahi kēne iti ake i tēnei rā."
I hangaia e mātou ā mātou tuhinga kaweake i runga i ēnei pātai e toru nā te mea koinei ngā pātai e hokihoki tonu ana ā mātou rangahautanga rahunga. Koinei anō hoki ngā pātai ka pātai atu ahau ki a mātou, mehemea ko au te kaihoko.
Tātaritanga Rahunga o te Weld — Kōwhiria te Tohu e Kite Ana Koe i te Marae
I mua i te tapahi i tētahi hononga, whakahaerehia tēnei tātaritanga. Tīpakohia te tohu e rite ana ki tāu e kite ana i te wāhi — te tirohanga, te hiko, te tauira wā rānei — ā, ka honoa e te taputapu ki ngā tino take e rima i runga ake nei, ka hoatu he pānui māia ki a koe, ā, ka whakarārangihia ngā mahi tonu hei mahi i mua i te ringihanga e whai ake nei. Koinei te rākau whakatau e ārahi ana ahau i tētahi kaihoko mā te waea ina tae mai he waea rahunga.
- Manatokohia te rahi o te kātereti ki te huinga ara iahiko — ko te iti o te utu te tino take o te hanumitanga kāore i oti ki te ara iahiko kotahi.
- Tirohia te tūnga o te pokepokea ai: me piri tika ngā haurua e rua ki te rārangi pokapū o te ara iahiko, kia kore ai e kitea te māramatanga o te rā.
- Tirohia te kōpae whakarewa — me noho ki waenganui i te kōhao o te pū i mua i te whakakā, kaua rawa e nekehia ki tua atu o te tuaka.
- Whakapaia anō te takirua ara iahiko mā te whakamahi i tētahi paraihe hou me te tauera isopropyl i mua i te ringihanga e whai ake nei.
- Tangohia he whakaahua o te hononga i rahua me te whakarārangitanga i mua i te wahia kia taea ai te tirotiro anō i te ringihanga e whai ake nei.
Ka maherehia e te tātaritanga tētahi tohu kotahi ki tētahi tino take pea i runga i ngā tauira whakawhiti-wāhanga mai i ngā hapa 312 kua tuhia i tirotirohia e tā mātou wheketere i waenga i te tau 2023 me te tau 2026. Mēnā ka taupatupatu ngā tohu e rua, whakahaerehia te tohu tuarua motuhake - ka tohu rāua ki te pūtake kotahi i roto i te 80% o ngā take whakakotahi.
Ngā Pātai Auau mō ngā Whakarewatanga Exothermic i Rahua
Me pēhea te mōhio kua rahua te whakarewa werawera mēnā kei te āhua totoka tonu?
Ahakoa he pai te āhua o waho o te hononga wera i rahua, he hononga kino tonu. He hiko ngā tohu pono: he pānui ātete miriōhm e piki haere ana i ia tau, he whakaahua wera i tangohia i raro i te kawenga e whakaatu ana i te hononga e wera ake ana i te ara iahiko, he mowhiti tohu rānei o te parahi kāponāte matomato i te pūwāhi putanga ara iahiko. Mā te tirotiro tirohanga anake ka kitea ngā hapa kino rawa atu - te porosity i pakaru i te mata, te whakakī ngaro rānei i te kōhao o te puna.
Ka taea te whakarewa anō i tētahi whakarewa wera-pāmahana i rahua ki tōna wāhi tika, me tapahi rānei te ara iahiko?
Me tapahi koe i tua atu i te rohe e pāngia ana e te wera, ā, me whakarite anō he ara iahiko hou. Mā te ringihia o te konganuku whakarewa hou ki runga i te hononga pakaru, kāore e hono pono te konganuku hou ki te parahi tawhito nā te mea kua hangaia kētia e te atanga taketake tana ake mahi whakarewa, ā, ko te porousity kua mau ka noho hei wāhi whakapūmau mō te pakaru e whai ake nei. I roto i te mahi, ko te tikanga o te hononga pakaru ko te tapahi i te iti rawa 50 mm o te ara iahiko i ia taha, te horoi ki te konganuku kanapa, me te whakamahi i te pokepokea karāhe hou - ā, i muri i tō tautuhi i te pūtake.
He aha te mahi a te makuku i roto i tētahi whakarewa wera-waho?
Ko te parahi rewa mai i te tauhohenga werawera e noho ana i te 1,083 °C pea, ā, ko te wai katoa e mau ana i roto i te kōhao pokepokea ai, i runga i te ara iahiko, i roto rānei i te paura ka mura tonu ki te korohū i te taenga mai o te konganuku. Ka horapa te korohū tata ki te 1,700 ngā wā i roto i te rōrahi, ā, ka panaia tōna ara ki waho i roto i te konganuku whakarewa tonu, ka waiho he pūhao me te hononga porous, he mea whakakikorua ki te waikura. I roto i ngā take kino rawa atu kua tuhia, kua makahia e te pahūtanga korohū te konganuku rewa ki waho o te para, ā, kua mura te rauemi e karapoti ana - koinei te whara mura tino noa e tuhia ana e OSHA mō ngā mahi whakarewa werawera.
Kia pēhea te roa e tika ana kia ora ai tētahi pokepokea ai he mea whakamahana ki te karāhe?
I runga i tā mātou raina, ka whakatauria e mātou ngā pokepokea karāpeti ki te 50 ki te 100 huringa ratonga, me te 80 ki te 100 hononga i te whakamahinga noa o te mara, nā te mea ka memeha te kōhao i ia ringihanga, ka āta whakanuia te kōhao o te pūwero. Ka tīmata te pokepokea kua panaia ki tua atu i tana tatau huringa ki te whakaputa hononga kāore i te tino kī, ā, ka whakatikatikahia e ngā kaiwhakahaere mā te tāpiri paura - ka wera rawa te kōhao, ka tere ake te pakaru. Ehara i te kapiti e kitea ana e koe te tohu pono; ko te pīrere whakarewa e ngaro ana tōna āhua urunga, ā, ka tīmata te horapa ki roto.
He aha i pai ai te āhua o taku whakarewa werawera engari he teitei te ātete i te wā e whakatūria ana?
Ko te ātete teitei i runga i te whakarewa e āhua tika ana, tata tonu ka hoki ki tētahi o ēnei mea e toru: kāore i horoia te ara iahiko ki te konganuku kanapa i raro i te kōhao whakarewa, he iti te rahi o te paura mō te wāhanga whakawhiti o te ara iahiko, he hē rānei te tūnga o te pokepokea ai, nā reira ka hono te konganuku rewa ki waenga i ngā ara iahiko, kaua ki te hono ki ngā mea e rua. Kāore i te ōrite tonu te whakarewa pai me te whakarewa ātete iti, nā te mea ka tangohia te ine ātete puta noa i te hononga, ehara i te mea mā roto i te titi. Kua kite tātou i ngā hononga me ngā titi ataahua e ine ana i te 800 maikoro-ohm ki te 30 ki te 50 maikoro-ohm hauora i runga i ngā hoa tata ōrite.
He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te rahunga o te whakarewa werawera me te whakarewa hapa mai i te tīmatanga?
Ko te rahunga o te whakarewa werawera he hononga i mahi tika i te wā tāutanga, kātahi ka pakaru i te wā e whakamahia ana - i te nuinga o te wā nā te waikura i te atanga o te ara iahiko kāore i tae atu ki te whakarewa, nā te huringa wera i whakatuwhera i tētahi āputa moroiti, nā te raruraru miihini rānei. Kāore i pai te whakarewa hapa: i ringihia ki te paura mākū, he āputa nui rawa, he pokepokea kua tawhito, he ara iahiko kua poke rānei, ā, ka puta te rahunga i te wā whakatūnga, i te whakamātautau kawenga tuatahi rānei. He mea nui te wehewehe i ngā mea e rua nā te mea he maha ngā wā ka tohu te rahunga i tētahi raruraru taiao, ko te hapa ia e tohu ana i tētahi raruraru tukanga, kaiwhakarato rānei.
Hēni Yang· Kaiwhakahaere Hoko, Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd.
12 tau i roto i te tiaki uira me te hokohoko whenua ki tāwāhi · 17 tau o te hanga wheketere i muri i ngā taunakitanga katoa.
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Wā tuku: 27 o Ākuhata-2026