Uma uukungenisa ucingo oluphansi ngobuningi, umkhiqizo awuvamile ukwehluleka — uhambo luyahluleka. Intambo yensimbi embozwe ngethusi kanye nekhebula lethusi elingenalutho kuyizinto ezithethelelayo ngogesi, kodwa ikhoyili iyinto eqondile yejiyometri: yichoboze, uyicwilise, noma uyivumele ingene ngaphakathi kwesitsha, bese uthola inani lezinsalela esikhundleni sesitokwe esithengiswayo.Ngemva kweminyaka eyi-12 yokupakisha izitsha zokulawula ugesi efektri yethu iXinchang, ngingakutshela ukuthi cishe zonke izimangalo zomonakalo esike sazihlola zibuyela emuva kwenye yezindlela ezine zokwehluleka — futhi ngayinye yazo yaklanywa ngaphambi kokuba iminyango yesitsha ivalwe, hhayi ukuphikiswana ngayo ngemva kokuvula.Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ingozi yokuthunyelwa ngokulandelana kwempahla eyenzeka ngempela: indlela ama-coil onakala ngayo, indlela izendlalelo zokupakisha ezikuvimbela ngayo, indlela uhlelo lokulayisha olugcina ngayo ibhokisi elingamathani angu-20 lizinzile, indlela amadokhumenti kanye ne-Incoterms ezinquma ngayo ukuthi ubani okhokhayo lapho ukuvimbela kwehluleka, kanye nokuthi yini okufanele yenziwe yindlu yakho yokugcina impahla emizuzwini engamashumi amathathu yokuqala ngemva kokufika.

I-Anatomy yokuthunyelwa okonakele: yiziphi izindlela ezine zokwehluleka ezibulala amakhoyili omqhubi?

Ngihlela zonke izithombe zomonakalo eziwela ideski lami zibe esinye sezigaba ezine, futhi ngifuna ukuthi uzazi zonke ezine ngamagama.Okokuqala, ukuguguleka kokuchoboza: amakhoyili alayishwe ngaphansi kwemithwalo esindayo afika e-oval esikhundleni sokuba yindilinga, futhi ikhoyili e-oval ngeke ikhokhe entanjeni yokunamathela noma yokudonsa.Sibona i-telescoping okwesibili: izimbobo zangaphakathi zekhoyili zishelela nge-axial bese zivala ukugoqa, ngokuvamile ngemva kokuba ikhoyili igcinwe noma iphakanyiswe ku-axis engalungile. Sibala ukuminyana komswakama okwesithathu: ukuminyana kwesitsha kushiya umbala oluhlaza noma omnyama ebusweni bethusi, yize kuyizinto zokuhlobisa, kwenza amakhasimende enqabe ikhoyili lapho eyibona. Sibala ukuvela kwentambo okwesine: intambo esikiwe ikhulula ukucindezeleka okugciniwe ekugoqaneni, futhi amakhulu amamitha entambo aqhuma esidlekeni senyoni okungekho qembu elingaphinda ligoqe.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lezi ezine zifana ngani.Akukho neyodwa yazo enephutha lomkhiqizo, futhi akukho neyodwa yazo eyenzeka olwandle ngeshwa — ngayinye iyisinqumo sokupakisha noma sokulayisha esenziwe othile, noma esahluleka ukusenza, lapho siqala.Ngenxa yokuthi izindlela zokuhluleka ziyaziwa futhi zilinganiselwe, i-stack yokuvimbela nayo iyaziwa futhi ilinganiselwe, futhi lokho kuyizindaba ezinhle ngempela ngesilinganiso sakho sokungapheleli.

Ukupakisha kuwubunjiniyela, hhayi ukugoqa: yiziphi izendlalelo ezenza umsebenzi ngempela?

Sivame ukubona abathengi bebhala “ukupakisha okujwayelekile kokuthumela ngaphandle” ku-oda lokuthenga bese becabanga ukuthi ibinzana lisho okuthile. Alisho — futhi sikhetha kanjalo, ngoba lisivumela ukuthi sikubonise isitaki sangempela.Iphakethe lethu lekhoyili elijwayelekile le-ucingo lwensimbi olumbozwe ngethusifuthiUmqhubi we-CCS olahlekileisebenza kusukela ngaphakathi kuya ngaphandle: ikhoyili iboshwe ibe ububanzi obuthile bangaphakathi, iboshwe ngezintambo eziningi ukuze ukugoba kungalokothi kukhululeke, igoqwe ngefilimu yokwelula ngokumelene nokuhuzuka, ivalwe ngomgoqo womswakama womlenze wolwandle, bese ifakwa kuphela kuphalethi noma i-reel yayo.Isendlalelo ngasinye siphendula enye yezindlela ezine zokwehluleka — susa isendlalelo bese uvula kabusha ukwehluleka okufanisayo.

Sicabanga ukuthi isinqumo se-pallet-versus-reel sidinga ukunakwa kwangempela, ngoba yilapho abathengi bevame ukungacacisi khona.Ama-coil ane-pallet ayisinqumo esingabizi kakhulu sezindawo zokugcina impahla ezikwazi ukugoqwa kanye nemilenze emifushane yangaphakathi; ama-reel okhuni noma ensimbi ayisinqumo esifanele lapho ama-coil ezogoqwa, alayishwe kabusha, noma akhokhelwe ngqo kusuka ku-reel lapho eya khona.Ezicaphunweni zethu zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, ukupakisha ama-reel kuvame ukubiza ngaphezu kuka-10% kuya ku-15% kunokupakisha ama-pallet kumqhubi ofanayo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokhuni, ihadiwe kanye nesikhathi esengeziwe sokuphatha - futhi emizileni yokuphatha eminingi enzima kuyisiqinisekiso esishibhile kakhulu kulo lonke i-oda. Emugqeni wethu wokupakisha, ukulawulwa komswakama kusebenza ngendlela efanayo: ifilimu yokuvimbela kanye ne-desiccant ngaphakathi kokugoqa, futhi emizileni emide ye-equatorial sincoma nezinsika ze-desiccant zezinga lesitsha.

Uhlelo lokulayisha luyinkinga yezibalo: ungayigcina kanjani ibhokisi elingamathani angu-20 lithembekile?

Sibukela ukugxila kwengozi ngaphakathi kwebhokisi lensimbi uma ama-coil esephumile entanjeni yokupakisha — ibhokisi elizophakanyiswa, liwe, ligingqike futhi lithambeke amasonto. Inkomba yomhlaba wonke yalokho okwenzeka kulelo bhokisi yilokhuIkhodi ye-IMO/ILO/UNECE CTU, ehlanganisa ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo, ukuvimba nokusekela, kanye nochungechunge lomthwalo wemfanelo wokupakisha — kanye namaqembu okuvimbela ukulahlekelwa e-I-TT Club kanye ne-UK P&I Clubkusho ngokusobala ukuthi ukupakisha okubi kanye nemithwalo engaqinisiwe kahle kubangela iningi lezehlakalo kulo lonke uchungechunge lokuphakelwa komhlaba wonke.Siphatha uhlelo lokulayisha njengento yobunjiniyela engalethwa: izikhundla zekhoyili, isisindo ngomugqa ngamunye, i-dunnage kanye ne-bracing kuyalungiswa ngaphambi kokufakwa, futhi sithatha izithombe kuzo zonke izigaba ukuze uhlelo kanye nobufakazi kuhambisane.

Siphawula imithetho emibili evela kukhodi njengeyona ebaluleke kakhulu kumthwalo womqhubi.Okokuqala, hlonipha umthwalo okhokhelwayo: isitsha esomile esingamamitha angu-20 esijwayelekile sithwala cishe amathani angu-28 omthwalo okhokhelwayo, kodwa umthwalo wensimbi oqinile ufinyelela lowo mkhawulo wesisindo isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba ugcwalise umthamo - ukuthunyelwa komqhubi kukhipha isisindo, hhayi isikhala.Okwesibili, bulala izikhala: noma yisiphi isikhala esingenalutho sivumela impahla ukuthi yakhe umfutho, kanti i-coil engu-500 kg enomfutho iyindlela yokushaya. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-conductor asekelwe ethusi aphakathi kwemithwalo eningi kakhulu ehamba ezitsheni ezijwayelekile, isabelomali sokuvimba nokuqinisa akuyona indawo yokonga.

Iphepha lihambisa ingozi ngaphambi kokuba umkhumbi wenze kanjalo: yimiphi imibhalo kanye ne-Incoterms ekuvikelayo?

Sikubeka ngale ndlela kumthengi omusha ngamunye: ukuvimbela umonakalo kunquma ukuthi kukhona yini isimangalo, futhi inkontileka inquma ukuthi ubani osikhokhelayo.NgaphansiI-ICC Incoterms 2020, ingozi idlula isuka kumthengisi iye kumthengi endaweni eqondile eqanjwe igama layo - esikebheni ngaphansi kwe-FOB, lapho iya khona ngaphansi kwe-CIF noma i-DAP - kanyeIsiqondiso se-Incoterms soMnyango Wezohwebo wase-USuveza iphuzu elifanayo eliwusizo: bhala umthetho, indawo eqanjwe igama kanye nenguqulo kwinkontileka, ngoba i-"FOB China" engenalo itheku iyimpikiswano elinde ukwenzeka.Encwadini yethu yama-oda, abathengi abaningi be-bulk conductor bakhetha i-FOB Shanghai noma i-Ningbo ngomshuwalense wabo wasolwandle, noma indawo ye-CIF neyethu — noma yikuphi kwalokhu kusebenza, inqobo nje uma othile, endaweni ethile, enenqubomgomo eqamba igama lempahla.

Siphatha isethi yedokhumenti njengohlaka lwesicelo sakho.Iphakethe lethu elijwayelekile lokuthumela impahla kwamanye amazwe — i-invoyisi yezentengiselwano, uhlu lokupakisha, isitifiketi semvelaphi, i-invoyisi yomthwalo, kanye nombiko wokuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa — lilungiswa kanye nomkhiqizo futhi liskeniwe kuwe ngenkathi isitsha sisemanzini.Sifundisa imikhuba emibili eguqula leli phepha libe yisivikelo sangempela. Okokuqala, thatha izithombe zokugcwaliswa: izindawo zekhoyili, ukubopha, ukubekwa kwe-desiccant kanye nenombolo yesivalo, konke kufakwe isitembu sesikhathi. Okwesibili, qondanisa isivalo kanye nohlu lokupakisha lapho ufika ngaphambi kokusayina irisidi lokulethwa lihlanzekile. Ngenxa yokuthi impahla ithi iyaphila futhi iyafa ngobufakazi, umthengi ongabonisa isimo sesitsha kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zohambo ubamba isandla esinamandla ngangokunokwenzeka.

Imizuzu engamashumi amathathu emnyango wesitolo: ukuhlolwa kuvikelani ngempela?

Sitshela abathengi ukuthi ithuba labo lokugcina elishibhile lokuvikela isimangalo yilapho iminyango ivuleka khona enqolobaneni yabo yokugcina impahla.Sicela wonke umthengi ukuthi asebenzise inqubo efanayo yemizuzu engamashumi amathathu: thatha isithombe sesivalo ngaphambi kokusisika, bhala phansi izinombolo zesivalo kanye nesitsha ngokuhambisana nombhalo wempahla, thatha isithombe sesivalo ngaphambi kokuba noma yini ihambe, bhala noma yikuphi ukuguquka kwekhoyili okubonakalayo noma umswakama erisidini lokulethwa, bese ukala ikhoyili yesampula ngokuhambisana nohlu lokupakisha.Ukubhukha okubhalwe erisidini lokulethwa ngaleso sikhathi yikho okulondoloza amalungelo akho; isiginesha esihlanzekile siguqula inkinga ebonakalayo ibe inkinga yakho.

Sivumela ukuhlolwa okujulile kulinde ukukhanya kwelanga kanye nebhentshi lokusebenzela, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside - amafasitela okufaka isicelo senkampani amfushane.Vula ikhoyili eyodwa ngomugqa wephalethi, hlola ubuso bethusi ukuthi abunawo yini umbala we-oxidation, qinisekisa ububanzi bangaphakathi bekhoyili uma buqhathaniswa nencazelo, bese uqinisekisa inani lezintambo bese ulinganisa ishidi ledatha.Ngenxa yokuthi amakhoyili ethu athunyelwa ngezinombolo zezindawo ezixhunywe kumarekhodi okukhiqiza, noma yikuphi ukungafani okuthatha izithombe kubuyela ngqo eqenjini elithile lokukhiqiza ohlangothini lwethu, okwenza izimangalo ezisemthethweni zisheshe esikhundleni sokuphikisana.

Indlela umugqa wethu wokupakisha ophatha ngayo isitsha sakho: yiziphi izinto ezithunyelwa zivela eXinchang?

Senza konke okungaphezu kwamandla ethu, kunokuba sikucele kwabanye.Umugqa wethu wokupakisha uhambisa umqhubi womshini wokugcwalisa ukulingana kwekhoyili yakho ecacisiwe, ubopha yonke imigoqo, ugoqe futhi uvale umswakama, unamathisele noma uhambise umzila wakho, ulayishe uphahleni olubhaliwe, bese uthwebula izithombe zokugcwalisa ifayela lakho — bese ulungisa i-invoyisi, uhlu lokupakisha kanye nesitifiketi semvelaphi ngenkathi isitsha sisesemanzini.Ngokuphathelene nomthamo kanye nokuqhubeka, ake ngicaphune amakhasi ethu asemthethweni: isitshalo sethu saseXinchang esingamamitha-skwele angu-3,000 siphethe abasebenzi bokukhiqiza abangaphezu kuka-40 kanye nethimba le-R&D labantu aba-5, sithumela amamitha afinyelela ku-100,000.ucingo lwensimbi olumbozwe ngethusingenyanga eceleniikhebula elingaphansi lethusi elingenaluthongobumsulwa obungu-99.97%, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe emazweni angaphezu kuka-60, kanye nokuqopha ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okulinganiselwa ku-USD million 15 ngo-2022. Ikhwalithi isebenza ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001:2008 — ingaqinisekiswa ku-ikhasi elisemthethweni le-ISO 9001— futhi abathengi abadinga ukuhlolwa kukagesi okuvela eceleni bangabhekiselaI-CEPRI, igunya eliqashelwayo lemibiko yokuhlola izinto zomhlabathi. Umndeni ophelele womqhubi uhleli ethuisigaba sensimbi yensimbi embozwe ngethusi.

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