Mukaterokutumiza waya wothira pansi wambiri, chinthucho sichimalephera kawirikawiri — ulendowo umalephera. Ulusi wachitsulo wokutidwa ndi mkuwa ndi chingwe cha mkuwa chopanda kanthu ndi zinthu zamagetsi, koma chozungulira ndi chinthu chofanana ndi mawonekedwe ake: kuchiphwanya, kuchiviika m'madzi, kapena kuchilola kuti chiyende mkati mwa chidebe, ndipo mumalandira mtengo wa zinyalala m'malo mwa katundu wogulitsidwa.Pambuyo pa zaka 12 zolongedza makontena a conductor ku fakitale yathu ya Xinchang, ndikukuuzani kuti pafupifupi milandu yonse yowononga yomwe tayiwonapo imachokera ku imodzi mwa njira zinayi zolephera - ndipo iliyonse ya izo idapangidwa zitseko za kontena zisanatsekedwe, osati kukangana nazo zikatsegulidwa.Bukuli limafotokoza momwe katunduyo angatumizidwe motsatira dongosolo lake: momwe ma coil amawonongeka, momwe ma paketi amaletsera, momwe dongosolo lokwezera limasungira bokosi la matani 20 kukhala lokhazikika, momwe zikalata ndi Incoterms zimasankhira omwe amalipira ngati chitetezo chalephera, komanso zomwe nyumba yanu yosungiramo katundu iyenera kuchita mu mphindi makumi atatu zoyambirira mutafika.
- Kuwonongeka kwa coil ya conductor pakuyenda kumabwera m'njira zinayi - kusintha kwa crush, telescoping, chinyezi ndi kutuluka kwa strand - ndipo chilichonse chimayikidwa pa gawo linalake la phukusi.
- Khodi ya IMO/ILO/UNECE CTU ndiyo njira yodziwika padziko lonse yopezera zinthu zonyamula katundu, kugawa katundu, ndi kusunga katundu, ndipo imaona kuti kulongedza katundu molakwika ndiye chifukwa cha mavuto ambiri oyendera.
- Ndondomeko yokweza coil iyenera kulemekeza malire a katundu wa chidebecho ndikusunga kulemera pakati, chifukwa katundu wolemera kwambiri ndi malo opanda chitetezo zimayambitsa kugwa kwakukulu kwa magalimoto.
- Incoterms 2020 imakonza nthawi yeniyeni yosinthira komwe chiwopsezo chimasamuka kuchokera kwa wogulitsa kupita kwa wogula, kotero Incoterm, dzina lake port ndi gawo la inshuwaransi mu mgwirizano wanu zimasankha mwiniwake wa pempho la kuwonongeka.
- Fakitale yathu imatumiza waya wotalika mamita 100,000 wa CCS pamwezi kuchokera ku Ningbo kapena Shanghai, ndi ma coil omangiriridwa ndi filimu, komanso opakidwa ngati phukusi lodziwika bwino lotumizira kunja.
Kufotokozera za katundu wowonongeka: ndi njira zinayi ziti zolephera zomwe zimapha ma coil a conductor?
Ndimaika chithunzi chilichonse cha kuwonongeka chomwe chimadutsa pa desiki yanga m'magulu anayi, ndipo ndikufuna kuti muzindikire zonse zinayi ndi mayina.Choyamba, kusintha kwa kuphwanya: ma coil odzazidwa pansi pa katundu wolemera amafika ozungulira m'malo mozungulira, ndipo coil yozungulira sidzagwira ntchito pa chingwe chomangirira kapena chokoka.Tikuwona telescoping yachiwiri: zophimba zamkati mwa coil zimatsetsereka mozungulira ndikutseka chozungulira, nthawi zambiri coil ikasungidwa kapena kukwezedwa pa mzere wolakwika. Timawerengera kuti chinyezi chachitatu: kuuma kwa chidebe kumasiya utoto wobiriwira kapena wakuda pamwamba pa mkuwa, ngakhale kuti ndi wokongola, kumapangitsa makasitomala kukana coil akaiwona. Timalemba chingwe chotuluka chachinayi: chingwe chodulidwa chimatulutsa mphamvu yosungidwa mu chozungulira, ndipo chingwe cha mamita mazana ambiri chimaphulika mu chisa cha mbalame chomwe palibe gulu lomwe lingachibwezeretse.
Tikukupemphani kuti muone zomwe zinayizi zikufanana.Palibe chilichonse mwa izo chomwe chili ndi vuto la chinthu, ndipo palibe chilichonse chomwe chimachitika panyanja chifukwa cha tsoka — chilichonse ndi chisankho chokhudza kulongedza kapena kunyamula katundu chomwe wina adapanga, kapena kulephera kupanga, poyambira.Popeza njira zolephera zimadziwika bwino komanso zimathera, njira yopewera vutoli imadziwikanso bwino komanso imathera, ndipo imeneyo ndi nkhani yabwino kwambiri pa kuchuluka kwa zolakwika zanu.
Kupaka ndi uinjiniya, osati kukulunga: ndi zigawo ziti zomwe zimagwira ntchitoyo?
Nthawi zambiri timaona ogula akulemba "kutumiza katundu wamba" mu oda yogulira ndipo amaganiza kuti mawuwo akutanthauza china chake. Sizikutanthauza - ndipo timakonda choncho, chifukwa zimatithandiza kukuwonetsani zomwe zili mkati mwake.Phukusi lathu lokhazikika la koyilo lawaya wachitsulo wokutidwa ndi mkuwandiKondakitala wa CCS wosasunthikaimagwira ntchito kuchokera mkati kupita kunja: chozunguliracho chimakulungidwa mpaka m'mimba mwake wamkati, chomangidwa ndi zingwe zingapo kuti chozunguliracho chisatuluke, chikukulungidwa mu filimu yotambasula kuti isagwe, chotsekedwa ndi chotchinga cha chinyezi cha mwendo wa nyanja, kenako chimayikidwa pa pallet kapena reel yake.Gawo lililonse limayankha imodzi mwa njira zinayi zolephera — kuchotsa gawo ndipo mumatsegulanso vuto lofanana.
Tikuganiza kuti chisankho cha pallet-versus-reel chiyenera kuganiziridwa bwino, chifukwa ndi pomwe ogula nthawi zambiri samafotokoza bwino.Ma coil okhala ndi mapaleti ndi chisankho chotsika mtengo cha malo osungiramo zinthu otha kuthyoledwa ndi miyendo yaifupi yamkati; ma reel amatabwa kapena achitsulo ndi chisankho choyenera pamene ma coil adzakulungidwa, kukwezedwanso, kapena kulipidwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku reel komwe akupita.Mu mtengo wathu wotumizira kunja, kulongedza ma reel nthawi zambiri kumawononga 10% mpaka 15% kuposa kulongedza ma pallet kwa kondakitala yemweyo, makamaka chifukwa cha matabwa, zida ndi nthawi yowonjezera yogwiritsira ntchito - ndipo panjira zovuta zogwirira ntchito zambiri ndiye chitsimikizo chotsika mtengo kwambiri pa dongosolo lonse. Pa mzere wathu wolongedza, kulamulira chinyezi kumayendera panjira yofanana: filimu yotchinga komanso desiccant mkati mwa wrap, ndipo panjira zazitali za equator timalimbikitsanso mitengo ya desiccant yokhazikika m'zidebe.
Dongosolo lokwezera katundu ndi vuto la masamu: kodi mungasunge bwanji bokosi la matani 20 kukhala loona mtima?
Timaona zinthu zoopsa mkati mwa bokosi lachitsulo zikangochoka pamzere wopakira - bokosi lomwe lidzanyamulidwa, kugwetsedwa, kuzunguliridwa ndi kuwerama kwa milungu ingapo. Chizindikiro cha padziko lonse cha zomwe zimachitika m'bokosi limenelo ndiIMO/ILO/UNECE CTU Code, yomwe imakhudza kugawa kulemera, kutsekereza ndi kulimbitsa thupi, komanso unyolo wa udindo wolongedza katundu — ndi magulu oletsa kutayika kuKalabu ya TT ndi Kalabu ya P&I ya ku UKNenani momveka bwino kuti kulongedza bwino katundu ndi katundu wosakhazikika bwino zimayambitsa mavuto ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Timaona dongosolo lokwezera katundu ngati njira yopezera zinthu: malo ozungulira, kulemera pa mzere uliwonse, dunnage ndi bracing zimakhazikika musanazike, ndipo timajambula zithunzi pagawo lililonse kuti dongosolo ndi umboni ziziyenda limodzi.
Timalemba malamulo awiri kuchokera mu code ngati omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri pa katundu wa kondakitala.Choyamba, lemekezani katundu wonyamula: chidebe chouma cha mamita 20 chimanyamula matani pafupifupi 28 a katundu wonyamula, koma katundu wachitsulo cholemera amafika pamlingo umenewo kale kwambiri chisanadzaze kuchuluka kwa katundu — wotumiza katunduyo amachotsa kulemera kwake, osati malo.Chachiwiri, chotsani malo opanda kanthu: malo aliwonse opanda kanthu amalola katundu kupanga mphamvu, ndipo chozungulira cha 500 kg chokhala ndi mphamvu ndi cholimba. Popeza ma conductors okhala ndi mkuwa ndi amodzi mwa katundu wolemera kwambiri womwe umasuntha m'makontena ambiri, bajeti yotsekereza ndi yotetezera si malo abwino osungira ndalama.
Pepala limasuntha chiwopsezo sitima isanasunthe: ndi zikalata ziti ndi Incoterms ziti zomwe zimakutetezani?
Timanena izi kwa wogula watsopano aliyense: kupewa kuwonongeka kumasankha ngati pali pempho, ndipo pangano limasankha amene amalilipira.PansiICC Incoterms 2020, chiopsezo chimadutsa kuchokera kwa wogulitsa kupita kwa wogula pamalo enieni otchulidwa — m'chombocho pansi pa FOB, komwe chikupita pansi pa CIF kapena DAP — ndipoMalangizo a Incoterms a Dipatimenti ya Zamalonda ku USAkufotokoza mfundo yofanana: lembani lamulo, malo otchulidwa ndi mtunduwo mu mgwirizano, chifukwa "FOB China" yopanda doko ndi mkangano womwe ukuyembekezera kuchitika.Mu buku lathu la maoda, ogula ambiri amasankha FOB Shanghai kapena Ningbo ndi inshuwaransi yawoyawo yapamadzi, kapena malo a CIF ndi athu — chilichonse chimagwira ntchito, bola ngati wina, kwinakwake, ali ndi inshuwaransi yotchula katunduyo.
Timaona chikalata chomwe chilipo ngati maziko a zomwe mwanena.Phukusi lathu lodziwika bwino lotumizira katundu kunja — invoice yamalonda, mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu, satifiketi yochokera, chikalata chonyamulira katundu, komanso, ngati mupempha, lipoti loyang'anira katundu musanatumize katundu — limakonzedwa limodzi ndi kupanga ndipo limasanthulidwa kwa inu pamene chidebecho chili pamadzi.Timaphunzitsa zizolowezi ziwiri zomwe zimapangitsa mapepalawa kukhala chitetezo chenicheni. Choyamba, jambulani chithunzi cha zinthu zomwe zaphikidwa: malo ozungulira, chogwirira, malo opumulira ndi nambala ya chisindikizo, zonse zolembedwa nthawi. Chachiwiri, gwirizanitsani chisindikizo ndi mndandanda wa zonyamula katundu mukafika musanasainire risiti yotumizira katunduyo. Chifukwa chakuti katunduyo akuti ali ndi moyo ndipo wafa pa umboni, wogula amene angasonyeze momwe chidebecho chilili mbali zonse ziwiri za ulendowo amagwira dzanja lamphamvu kwambiri.
| Nthawi | Ngozi zimapita kwa wogula | Inshuwaransi nthawi zambiri imakonzedwa ndi | Kukwanira bwino kwambiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| EXW Xinchang | Pa chipata chathu cha fakitale | Wogula | Ogula ndi gulu lawo la zinthu ku China |
| FOB Shanghai/Ningbo | Mu sitimayo | Wogula | Anthu ambiri ochokera kunja — mawu omwe timawagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri |
| Doko lopita ku CIF | Mu sitimayo (wogulitsa akukonza chivundikiro) | Wogulitsa (chivundikiro chochepa - kukweza mu mgwirizano) | Ogula opanda ubale wa inshuwaransi |
| Nyumba yosungiramo katundu ya ogula ya DAP | Pa malo otchulidwa | Wogulitsa | Ogula koyamba omwe akufuna kugula zinthu zamtengo wapatali kuchokera kunyumba kupita kunyumba |
Mphindi makumi atatu pakhomo la nyumba yosungiramo katundu: kodi kulandira kuwunika kumateteza chiyani kwenikweni?
Timauza ogula mwayi wawo wotsiriza woteteza mlandu ndi nthawi yomwe zitseko za nyumba yawo yosungiramo katundu zimatsegulidwa.Tikupempha wogula aliyense kuti achite zomwezo kwa mphindi makumi atatu: kujambula chithunzi cha chisindikizo musanachidule, kulemba manambala a chisindikizo ndi chidebe motsatira mlomo wa katundu, kujambula chithunzi cha stow musanasunthe chilichonse, kulemba kusintha kulikonse kwa coil kapena chinyezi pa risiti yotumizira, ndikuyeza coil yachitsanzo motsatira mndandanda wa zopakira.Kusungitsa malo komwe kwalembedwa pa risiti yotumizira katundu panthawiyo ndi komwe kumateteza ufulu wanu; siginecha yoyera imasintha vuto looneka kukhala vuto lanu.
Timasiya macheke akuya akudikira kuti kuwala kuche ndi benchi logwirira ntchito, koma osati kwa nthawi yayitali — mawindo olandirira katundu ndi afupiafupi.Tsegulani chozungulira chimodzi pa mzere uliwonse wa pallet, yang'anani pamwamba pa mkuwa kuti muwone ngati pali utoto wa okosijeni, tsimikizirani kuti m'mimba mwake wamkati mwa chozunguliracho ndi wofanana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa, ndikutsimikizira kuchuluka kwa zingwe ndikuyika zikugwirizana ndi deta.Popeza ma coil athu amatumizidwa ndi manambala a ma lot ogwirizana ndi zolemba za kupanga, kusiyana kulikonse komwe mumajambula kumabwereranso ku gulu linalake la kupanga kumbali yathu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zonena zovomerezeka zikhale zolondola mwachangu m'malo mopikisana.
Momwe mzere wathu wopakira katundu umachitira ndi chidebe chanu: ndi zotumiza ziti kuchokera ku Xinchang?
Timachita chilichonse chomwe chili pamwamba pa ife tokha, m'malo mopempha ena kuti achichite.Chingwe chathu chopakira chimalumikiza kondakitala kuti chigwirizane ndi kukula kwa coil yanu, chimamangirira chilichonse chopindika, chimakulunga ndi kutseka kuti chisanyowe, chimayika mapaleti kapena kuzunguliza njira yanu, chimayika pa pulani yolembedwa, ndikujambula zinthu zomwe zayikidwa pafayilo yanu - kenako chimakonza invoice, mndandanda wa zopakira ndi satifiketi yochokera pamene chidebecho chikadali pamadzi.Ponena za mphamvu ndi kupitiriza, ndiloleni nditchule masamba athu ovomerezeka: fakitale yathu ya Xinchang ya 3,000 m² imayendetsa antchito opanga oposa 40 ndipo gulu la anthu 5 limafufuza ndi kukonza zinthu, limatumiza katundu wokwana mamita 100,000.waya wachitsulo wokutidwa ndi mkuwapamwezi pamodzichingwe chopanda mkuwamu chiyero cha 99.97%, kutumiza kunja kumayiko opitilira 60, ndipo kutumiza kunja kwafika pa USD 15 miliyoni mu 2022. Ubwino wake ukugwirizana ndi ISO 9001:2008 — ukhoza kutsimikiziridwa patsamba lovomerezeka la ISO 9001— ndipo ogula omwe akufuna kuyesa magetsi kwa anthu ena angatchuleCEPRI, bungwe lodziwika bwino la malipoti oyesera zinthu zopangidwa ndi nthaka. Banja lonse la otsogolera lili m'gulu lathugulu la waya wachitsulo wophimbidwa ndi mkuwa.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi ndi kulemera kotani ndi miyeso yanji ya koyilo yomwe ndiyenera kutchula poyitanitsa zinthu zambiri?
Tikukulimbikitsani kuyambira pa zida zanu zogwirira ntchito: ogula ambiri amalipira pakati pa 300 kg ndi 800 kg pa coil iliyonse yokhala ndi mainchesi amkati omwe malo awo olipira amavomereza. Tiuzeni mphamvu yanu ya forklift ndi momwe mungakonzere, ndipo tidzakulumikizani kuti mugwirizane m'malo mokukakamizani kuti muzolowere.
Mapaleti kapena ma reel - ndingasankhe bwanji?
Timalangiza ma pallets a malo osungiramo katundu omwe amatha kuphikidwa ndi kutuluka mwachindunji kupita ku katundu, ndi ma reel pamene ma coil adzakulungidwa, kudzazidwanso, kapena kulipira komwe akupita. Njira ya reel imadula kwambiri polongedza koma imalipira yokha panjira zogwirira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, ndichifukwa chake timatchula zonse ziwiri ngati tipempha.
Kodi mumapewa bwanji kuwonongeka kwa chinyezi panjira zazitali za panyanja?
Choyikamo chathu chokhazikika ndi filimu yotambasula komanso chotchinga chinyezi chotsekedwa pa chozungulira chilichonse, chokhala ndi desiccant mkati mwake; panjira zazitali za equatorial timawonjezera desiccant yofanana ndi chidebe ndipo timalangiza kuti chidebecho chiyang'aniridwe musanachiyike. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi pa katundu wathu ndi kochepa, ndipo chotchingacho ndiye chifukwa chake.
Kodi ndi matani angati a conductor omwe amalowa mu chidebe cha mamita 20?
Kuchokera m'mabuku athu okweza katundu, katundu wa conductor amalemera kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa katundu: GP ya 20′ imalemera kwambiri kuposa kalasi yake yonyamula katundu ya matani 28, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatanthauza ma coil 35 mpaka 55 kutengera kulemera kwa coil. Chiyerekezo chathu pamwambapa chimakupatsani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwino dongosolo lanu la coil.
Ndi Incoterm iti yomwe mumalimbikitsa kwa omwe amabwera koyamba?
Nthawi zambiri timatsogolera ogulitsa katundu oyamba ku CIF pogwiritsa ntchito gawo la inshuwalansi yowonjezereka, kapena DAP ngati akufuna mtengo umodzi wopita khomo ndi khomo. Ogulitsa katundu odziwa bwino ntchito omwe ali ndi katundu wawo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito FOB Shanghai kapena Ningbo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ubale wawo ndi katundu ukhale wolimba.
Ndi zikalata ziti zomwe zimafika ndi kutumiza kwa conductor wambiri?
Seti yathu yokhazikika ndi invoice yamalonda, mndandanda wa zolongedza, satifiketi yochokera ndi bilu ya katundu, kuphatikiza zithunzi zodzaza katundu, komanso, ngati mupempha, lipoti lowunikira katundu musanatumize. Timakujambulani seti yonse pamene chidebecho chili pamadzi, kuti broker wanu wa kasitomu athe kuyeretsa pasadakhale.
Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chiyani ngati ma coil afika atawonongeka?
Chithunzi chilichonse musanachisunthe, lembani kuwonongeka pa risiti yotumizira, ndipo dziwitsani wonyamulayo ndi ife mkati mwa zenera lofunsira. Popeza cholembera chilichonse chili ndi zambiri zogwirizana ndi zolemba zathu zopangira, titha kutsatira chipangizo chilichonse chowonongeka ku gulu lake ndikuthetsa zopempha zovomerezeka mwachangu.
Mukukonzekera oda ya woyendetsa galimoto wambiri?
Titumizireni tsatanetsatane wa kondakitala yanu, kukula kwa koyilo, doko lopitako ndi momwe mungagwirire ntchito — tidzakubwezerani dongosolo lolongedza, kuyerekezera katundu ndi mtengo wa fakitale ndi phukusi lonse la zikalata zotumizira kunja.
Jane Yang— Woyang'anira Malonda, Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd.
Jane wakhala zaka 12 akugwira ntchito yotumiza kunja kwa fakitale yathu yoteteza nthaka ndi mphezi, kuthandiza otumiza ndi ogulitsa ku China kusuntha ma conductors oyambira pansi okhala ndi ma CD opangidwa mwaluso, mapulani okweza ziwiya ndi zikalata zonse zotumizira kunja.
Nthawi yotumizira: Seputembala 23-2026