Ina koekawemai i te waea whenua i roto i te nuinga, kāore e rahua te hua — ka rahua te haerenga. He rauemi ngāwari te aho maitai kua whakakikoruatia ki te parahi me te taura parahi tahanga, engari he mea āhuahanga tino tika te koiri: kuruhia, rumakina, tukua rānei kia neke ki roto i te ipu, ā, ka riro i a koe te uara para hei utu mō ngā taonga ka taea te hoko.I muri i te 12 tau o te tākai i ngā ipu kawe hiko i tō mātou wheketere i Xinchang, ka taea e au te kī atu ki a koe ko te nuinga o ngā kereme kino kua arotakehia e mātou e ahu mai ana i tētahi o ngā momo rahunga e whā — ā, kua hangaia ia o aua kereme i mua i te katinga o ngā tatau o te ipu, kāore i te tautohetohetia i muri i te whakatuwheratanga.E ārahi ana tēnei aratohu i te tuku i roto i te ota, e whakaatu ana i te tūponotanga o te pakaru o ngā koiri, me pēhea te ārai a ngā paparanga takai i tēnei tūponotanga, me pēhea te pupuri a te mahere uta i te pumau o tētahi pouaka 20-tana, me pēhea te whakatau a ngā tuhinga me ngā Incoterms ko wai ka utu ina kore e taea te ārai, me te aha me mahi e tō whare putunga i roto i ngā meneti tuatahi e toru tekau i muri i te taenga mai.
- E whā ngā momo pakaru o te koiri arataki i te wā e kawe ana — te kuru i te whakarerekētanga, te whāiti haere, te waikura makuku me te puna miro — ā, e hono ana ia momo ki tētahi paparanga takai motuhake.
- Ko te Ture IMO/ILO/UNECE CTU te tohutoro ā-ao mō te tākai ipu, te tohatoha taumaha me te tiaki utanga, ā, e kīia ana ko te tākai ngoikore te pūtake o te nuinga o ngā aituā kawe waka.
- Me whakaute te mahere uta koiri i te rohenga kawenga o te ipu, me te pupuri i te taumaha kia rite ki waenganui, nā te mea ko ngā kawenga pūwāhi kukū me ngā āputa kore e mau te take o te nuinga o ngā hinganga i te wā e kawe ana.
- Ka whakatikahia e Incoterms 2020 te tuku tika i te nekehanga o te mōrearea mai i te kaihoko ki te kaihoko, nō reira, ko te Incoterm, te wāhanga tauranga me te inihua kua whakaingoatia i roto i tō kirimana, e whakatau ana ko wai te rangatira o te kereme kino.
- Ka tukuna e tā mātou wheketere tae atu ki te 100,000 mita o te waea CCS kua herea ia marama mā te roera mai i Ningbo, i Shanghai rānei, me ngā koiri kua herea, kua takaihia ki te kiriata, kua whakawhāitihia hei kete kaweake paerewa.
Te hanganga o tētahi uta kua pakaru: ko ēhea ngā momo rahunga e whā ka patu i ngā koiri arataki?
Ka whakarōpūtia e au ngā whakaahua kino katoa e whiti ana i taku tēpu ki tētahi o ngā wāhanga e whā, ā, me mōhio koe ki ngā ingoa o aua whakaahua e whā.Tuatahi, ko te āhua rerekē o te kuru: ko ngā koiri e utaina ana i raro i ngā utanga taumaha ka puta he porowhita, kaua he porowhita, ā, kāore te koiri porowhita e puta i runga i te aho e whiri ana, e kukume ana rānei.Ka kite tātou i te whakawhāititanga tuarua: ka paheke ngā takai o roto o te koiri ki te taha tuaka ka raka i te takai, i muri i te penapena, i te hiki rānei i te koiri i te tuaka hē. Ka tatauhia e tātou te waikura makuku tuatoru: ka waiho e te hauhautanga o te ipu he tae kakariki, pango rānei ki runga i ngā mata parahi, ahakoa he āhua ataahua, ka āraia e ngā kaihoko te koiri i te kitenga atu. Ka whakarārangihia e tātou te puna o te whenu tuawhā: ka tukuna e te whitiki tapahi te taumahatanga kua rongoatia i roto i te takai, ā, ka pakaru ngā rau mita o te whenu ki roto i te kōhanga manu e kore e taea e te kapa te takai anō.
Kia mōhio koe ki ngā āhuatanga ōrite o ēnei mea e whā.Ehara tētahi o ēnei i te hapa o te hua, ehara hoki i te mea ka puta noa mai i te moana — he whakatau tākai, he whakatau uta rānei i mahia e tetahi, i kore rānei i mahia e tetahi i te tīmatanga.Nā te mea e mōhiotia ana, ā, he mutunga kore hoki ngā aratau rahunga, e mōhiotia ana, ā, he mutunga kore hoki te puranga ārai, ā, he tino rongo pai tēnā mō tō reiti hapa.
He mahi hangarau te takai, ehara i te takai: ko ēhea ngā paparanga e mahi ana i te mahi?
He maha ngā wā ka kite tātou i ngā kaihoko e tuhi ana i te kupu "taapiri paerewa kaweake" ki roto i te ota hoko, ā, ka whakaaro he tikanga tō te kupu. Kāore - ā, he pai ake ki a mātou te whakamahi i taua kupu, nā te mea ka taea e mātou te whakaatu i te puranga tuturu ki a koe.Ko tā mātou kete koiri paerewa mōwaea maitai whakakikoruatia ki te parahimeKaiārahi taura CCSKa mahi mai i roto ki waho: ka takaihia te koiri ki tētahi diameter o roto kua tohua, ka herea ki ngā whitiki maha kia kore ai e wetekina te takai, ka takaihia ki te kiriata totoro hei ārai i te pakū, ka hiritia ki te ārai makuku mō te waewae moana, kātahi ka whakairihia ki runga i tōna papa, ki tōna rīra rānei.Ka whakautua e ia paparanga tētahi o ngā aratau rahunga e whā — tangohia tētahi paparanga, ā, ka whakatuwherahia anō e koe te rahunga e ōrite ana.
Ki tō mātou whakaaro me tino aro atu ki te whakatau i te whiriwhiri i te papa me te rīra, nā te mea koinei te wāhi e kore ai e tino tohua e ngā kaihoko.He pai rawa atu ngā koiri papa mō ngā whare putunga ka taea te marau me ngā waewae poto o uta; he pai hoki ngā koiri rakau, koiri rino rānei ina hurihia ngā koiri, ina utaina anō, ina utua tika rānei mai i te koiri i te ūnga.I roto i ā mātou utu kaweake, ko te utu mō te tākai rīra he 10% ki te 15% te nui ake i te tākai papa mō te kaiārahi kotahi, nā te rakau, ngā taputapu me te wā whakahaere tāpiri - ā, i runga i ngā huarahi maha-whakahaere uaua koinei te inihua iti rawa i roto i te ota katoa. I runga i tā mātou raina tākai, ka whakahaerehia te whakahaere makuku i runga i te ara whakarara: he kiriata ārai me te whakamaroke i roto i te takai, ā, mō ngā huarahi roa o te ekueta ka tūtohu mātou i ngā pou whakamaroke o te ipu.
He raru pāngarau te mahere uta: me pēhea te pupuri i te pono o tētahi pouaka 20-tana?
Ka mātakitaki tātou i te kukū o te mōrearea i roto i tētahi pouaka maitai ina wehe atu ngā koiri i te rārangi tākai — he pouaka ka hikitia, ka whakataka, ka hurihia, ka whakatītahatia mō ngā wiki. Ko te tohutoro ā-ao mō ngā mea e tupu ana i roto i taua pouaka ko teWaehere CTU IMO/ILO/UNECE, e kapi ana i te tohatoha taumaha, te aukati me te tautoko, me te mekameka kawenga mō te tākai — me ngā tīma ārai-ngaronga iKarapu TT me te Karapu P&I o te UKme te kī tika ko te koretake o te tākai me ngā utanga kāore i te tika te haumaru te take o te nuinga o ngā aituā puta noa i te mekameka tuku taonga o te ao.Ka whakahaerehia e mātou te mahere uta he mahi hangarau: ka whakapumautia ngā tūranga koiri, te taumaha mō ia rarangi, te whakakī me te tautoko i mua i te whakakī, ā, ka tangohia e mātou ngā whakaahua o ia wāhanga kia haere tahi ai te mahere me ngā taunakitanga.
E rua ngā ture ka tohua e mātou mai i te waehere hei mea tino nui mō ngā utanga a te kaiārahi waka.Tuatahi, whakautehia te kawenga: e 28 tāne te kawenga e taea ana e te ipu maroke 20-putu te roa, engari ka eke te taumaha o ngā utanga whakarewa matotoru ki taua taumata i mua i te whakakī i te rōrahi — ka tapahia ngā utaina e ngā kaikawe waka i runga i te taumaha, ehara i te wāhi.Tuarua, whakamatea ngā āputa: mā ngā wāhi takoto kau ka piki ake te kaha o ngā utanga, ā, he mea patu te koiri 500 kg me te kaha. Nā te mea ko ngā kawe parahi kei roto i ngā utanga tino matotoru e neke ana i roto i ngā ipu whānui, ehara te tahua ārai me te tautoko i te wāhi tika hei penapena moni.
Ka nekehia e te pepa te mōrearea i mua i te kaipuke: ko ēhea tuhinga me ngā Incoterms e tiaki ana i a koe?
Koinei tā mātou tikanga ki ia kaihoko hou: ko te ārai i ngā kino e whakatau ana mēnā kei te wātea he kereme, ā, ko te kirimana e whakatau ko wai e utu.I raro iNgā Ture Incoterm a te ICC 2020, ka tukuna te mōrearea mai i te kaihoko ki te kaihoko i tētahi wāhi kua whakahuatia tika — i runga i te kaipuke i raro i te FOB, i te ūnga i raro i te CIF, i te DAP rānei — ā, ko teNgā aratohu Incoterms a te Tari Tauhokohoko o Amerikae whakaatu ana i te whakaaro mahi kotahi: tuhia te ture, te wāhi kua whakaingoatia me te putanga ki roto i te kirimana, nā te mea he tautohe e tatari ana kia puta te "FOB Haina" kāore he tauranga.I roto i tā mātou pukapuka ota, ko te nuinga o ngā kaihoko kawe waka nui e whiriwhiri ana i te FOB Shanghai, i te Ningbo rānei me tā rātou ake inihua moana, i te CIF rānei me tā mātou — ka mahi ēnei e rua, mena kei te pupuri tetahi, i tētahi wāhi, i tētahi kaupapa here e whakaingoa ana i te utanga.
E whakaarohia ana e mātou te huinga tuhinga hei angaanga mō tō kereme.Ko tā mātou kete kaweake paerewa — nama arumoni, rārangi tākai, tiwhikete takenga mai, pire uta, me te pūrongo tirotiro i mua i te tukunga ina tonoa — ka whakaritea ngātahitia me te whakaputanga, ā, ka matawaihia ki a koe i te wā e takoto ana te ipu i runga i te wai.E rua ngā tikanga ka whakaakona e mātou hei huri i ēnei pepa hei tiaki tūturu. Tuatahi, whakaahuahia te whakakī: ngā tūranga koiri, te tautoko, te whakatakotoranga whakamaroke me te tau hiri, kua tohua katoatia. Tuarua, tauritehia te hiri me te rārangi tākai i te taenga mai i mua i te hainatanga i te rīhiti tuku ma. Nā te mea ka ora, ka mate ngā kereme utanga i runga i ngā taunakitanga, ko te kaihoko e whakaatu ana i te āhua o te ipu i ngā pito e rua o te haerenga ka pupuri i te ringa kaha rawa atu.
| Wā | Ka tukuna te mōrearea ki te kaihoko | Ko te inihua e whakaritea ana e | Te taunga pai rawa atu |
|---|---|---|---|
| EXW Xinchang | I te kūaha o tō mātou wheketere | Kaihoko | Ngā kaihoko me tā rātou ake tīma whakahaere whenua o Haina |
| FOB Shanghai/Ningbo | I runga i te kaipuke | Kaihoko | Te nuinga o ngā kaihoko kawemai papatipu — ko tā mātou kupu tino noa |
| Tauranga ūnga CIF | I runga i te kaipuke (mā te kaihoko e whakarite te hipoki) | Kaihoko (te iti rawa o te uhi — te whakapai ake i roto i te kirimana) | Ngā kaihoko kāore he hononga inihua |
| Whare putunga kaihoko DAP | I te ūnga kua whakahuatia | Kaihoko | E hiahia ana ngā kamupene kawemai tuatahi ki te hoko i tētahi utu kotahi mai i te tatau ki te tatau |
Toru tekau meneti i te tatau o te whare putunga: he aha te mea e tiakina ana e te tirotiro whiwhinga?
Ka kī atu mātou ki ngā kaihoko ko tā rātou whai wāhitanga whakamutunga ki te tiaki i tētahi kereme ko te wā e tuwhera ai ngā tatau o tō rātou whare putunga.Ka tono mātou ki ngā kaihoko katoa kia whakahaere i te mahi kotahi, e toru tekau meneti te roa: tangohia he whakaahua o te hiri i mua i te tapahi, tuhia ngā tau o te hiri me te ipu ki te pire utanga, tangohia he whakaahua o te wāhi penapena i mua i te nekenekehanga o tetahi mea, tuhia te āhua rerekē o te koiri, te makuku rānei e kitea ana i runga i te rīhiti tuku, ā, paunatia te koiri tauira ki te rārangi tākai.Ko ngā rahui kua tuhia ki te rīhiti tuku i taua wā tonu ka tiaki i ō tika; mā te waitohu ma ka huri te raruraru e kitea ana hei raruraru māu.
I tukua e mātou ngā arowhai hohonu kia tatari mō te awatea me te papa mahi, engari kāore i roa — he poto ngā matapihi kerēme a te kaikawe.Wetekina kia kotahi te koiri mō ia rarangi papa, tirohia te mata parahi mō te tae waikura, manatokohia te diameter o roto o te koiri ki ngā whakaritenga, ā, whakaūhia te maha o ngā whenu, ka whakatakotoria kia rite ki te pepa raraunga.Nā te mea ka tukuna ā mātou koiri me ngā tau rota e herea ana ki ngā rekoata whakaputa, ko ngā rerekētanga katoa ka whakaahuahia e koe ka hono tika atu ki tētahi puranga whakaputa motuhake i tō mātou taha, ka tere ake ai ngā kereme tika, kaua ki te tautohetohe.
Te āhua o te whakahaere a tā mātou raina tākai i tō ipu: ko ēhea ngā mea ka tukuna mai i Xinchang?
Ka mahia e tātou ngā mea katoa i runga ake i a tātou anō, kaua e tono atu ki ētahi atu.Ka takai tā mātou raina tākai i te ara iahiko ki ngā rahi o te koiri kua tohua e koe, ka herea ia takai, ka takai me te hiri i te makuku, ka whakatakoto i ngā papa, ka rīra rānei ki tō huarahi, ka utaina ki runga i te mahere kua tuhia, ka whakaahua i te whakakī mō tō kōnae — kātahi ka whakarite i te nama, te rārangi tākai me te tiwhikete takenga mai i te mea kei runga tonu te ipu i te wai.Mō te kaha me te haere tonu, me whakahua e au ā mātou whārangi mana: kei te whakahaerehia e tā mātou tipu 3,000 m² o Xinchang neke atu i te 40 ngā kaimahi whakaputa me te tīma R&D tokorima, ā, e tuku ana i te 100,000 mita o tewaea maitai whakakikoruatia ki te parahiia marama i te taha otaura whenua parahi tahangai roto i te 99.97% te parakore, kaweake ki ngā whenua neke atu i te 60, ā, i tuhia he USD 15 miriona i roto i ngā kaweake i te tau 2022. Ko te kounga e rere ana i raro i te ISO 9001:2008 — ka taea te manatoko i runga i tewhārangi mana o te ISO 9001— ā, ka taea e ngā kaihoko e hiahia ana ki te whakamātautau hiko a te hunga tuatoru te tirotiroCEPRI, te mana whaimana mō ngā pūrongo whakamātautau rauemi whenua. Kei roto i tā mātou whānau katoa te whānau aratakikāwai waea maitai whakakikoruatia ki te parahi.
Ngā pātai e pātai pinepinetia ana
He aha te taumaha me ngā rahi o te koiri me tohua mō ngā ota nui?
Ka tūtohu mātou kia tīmata mai i ō taputapu whakahaere: ko te nuinga o ngā kaihoko e whakatau ana i waenga i te 300 kg me te 800 kg mō ia koiri me te diameter o roto e whakaaetia ana e tā rātou tūnga utu. Kōrero mai ki a mātou te kaha o tō forklift me te whakatakotoranga utu, ā, ka hurihia e mātou kia ōrite, kaua e akiaki i a koe ki te urutau.
He papa, he rīra rānei — me pēhea taku whiriwhiri?
Ka tūtohu mātou i ngā papa reti mō ngā whare putunga ka taea te tango me ngā rerenga tika ki te taonga, me ngā rīra ina hurihia ngā koiri, ka utaina anō, ka utua rānei ki te ūnga. He nui ake te utu mō te tākai i te kōwhiringa rīra engari ka utua tonutia i runga i ngā huarahi maha-whakahaere, koia mātou ka whakahua i ngā mea e rua mēnā ka tonoa.
Me pēhea te ārai i te kino o te makuku i ngā huarahi moana roa?
Ko tā mātou puranga paerewa he kiriata totoro me te ārai makuku hiri i runga i ia koiri, me te whakamaroke i roto i te takai; mō ngā huarahi roa o te ekueta ka tāpirihia e mātou he whakamaroke kounga ipu, ā, ka tūtohu kia tirohia te ipu maroke i mua i te whakakī. He onge ngā kereme makuku i runga i ā mātou uta, ā, ko te paparanga ārai te take.
E hia tāne o te ara iahiko ka uru ki roto i tētahi ipu 20 putu te roa?
E ai ki ā mātou tuhinga uta, ka eke te taumaha o te utanga o te kaiārahi waka ki te taumata teitei i mua i te rahinga: ko te taumaha o te GP 20′ he 28-tana te rahi, ko te tikanga he 35 ki te 55 ngā koiri i runga i te taumaha o te koiri. Mā tā mātou tātai i runga ake nei ka hoatu te whakamahinga tika mō tō mahere koiri.
Ko tēhea Incoterm e taunaki ana koe mā ngā kaikawemai hou?
I te nuinga o te wā ka ārahi mātou i ngā kaikawe mai tuatahi ki te CIF me tētahi rarangi inihua mōrearea-katoa kua whakapai ake, arā, he DAP mēnā e hiahia ana rātou ki tētahi utu tatau-ki-te-tatau. Ko ngā kaikawe mai mātau me ā rātou ake kaikawe tuku taonga ka tango i te FOB Shanghai, Ningbo rānei, mā tēnei ka mau tonu te whanaungatanga utanga.
He aha ngā tuhinga ka tae mai me te utaina o te kaiārahi papatipu?
Ko tā mātou huinga paerewa ko te nama hokohoko, te rārangi tākai, te tiwhikete takenga mai me te pire uta, me ngā whakaahua whakakī, me te pūrongo tirotiro i mua i te tukunga mēnā ka tonoa. Ka matawaihia e mātou te huinga katoa ki a koe i te wā e takoto ana te ipu i runga i te wai, kia taea ai e tō kaihoko tikanga te whakawātea i mua.
Me aha ahau mēnā kua pakaru ngā koiri i te taenga mai?
Whakaahuahia ngā mea katoa i mua i te nekenga, tuhia te kino ki te rīhiti tuku, ā, whakamōhio mai ki te kaikawe me mātou i roto i te matapihi kereme. Nā te mea he maha ngā rota o ia koiri e hono ana ki ā mātou tuhinga whakaputa, ka taea e mātou te whai i tētahi waeine pakaru ki tana puranga, ā, ka tere te whakatau i ngā kereme tika.
Kei te whakamahere koe i tētahi ota mō te arataki matua?
Tukuna mai ō āhuatanga mō te ara iahiko, ō rahi o te koiri, te tauranga ūnga me te whakaritenga whakahaere — ka whakahokia mai e mātou he mahere tākai, he whakatau tata mō te uta me te whakatau utu mō te wheketere me te kete tuhinga kaweake katoa.
Hēni Yang— Kaiwhakahaere Hoko, Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd.
E 12 tau a Jane e mahi ana i te tēpu kaweake o tā mātou wheketere whakatō whenua me te tiaki uira, e āwhina ana i ngā kaikawemai me ngā kaituku ki te neke i ngā kawe hiko whakatō whenua papatipu mai i Haina me te whakamahi i ngā takai hangarau, ngā mahere uta ipu me ngā tuhinga kaweake katoa.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-23-2026