Kayayyaki

Sashe-sashe ko Guda Ɗaya: Wane Tsarin Sandar Duniya Ya Rasa Tukin Ƙasa Mai Zurfi?

TL; DR
  • Sandar ƙasa mai sassa tana amfani da maƙallan zare don haɗa sassa masu mita 1.2, wanda ke ba da damar shigarwa zuwa mita 3, mita 6, mita 10 ko fiye ba tare da direban sanda mai tsayin da ya dace ba.
  • Sandunan guda ɗaya suna da iyaka ta tsawon jigilar kaya (mita 1.2-3.0). Don shigarwa mai zurfi suna aiki; don zurfafawa zuwa cikin ƙasa mai juriya mai ƙarfi, sashe shine kawai zaɓi.
  • Maƙallin shine mafi raunin hanyar haɗi. Maƙallin zare mai gefe biyu na tagulla (≥580 N/mm2 ƙarfin tensile, ISO 9001:2008) an ƙera shi da shigarwar zare mai chamfered bayan mun gano kashi 70% na gazawar filin zuwa ga haɗa zare.
  • Sandunan ƙarfe masu lulluɓe da tagulla (tagulla ≥0.254 mm, tsarki ≥99.95%, madaidaiciya ≤1 mm/m) suna cimma tsawon shekaru ≥50 na sabis lokacin da haɗin ya wuce gwajin lanƙwasa na digiri 180.
  • A cikin wani aikin Abuja, Najeriya na shekarar 2023, sandunan sassaka namu sun kai 4.2 ohms a zurfin mita 6 a cikin ƙasa mai laterite wanda ya kai 800 ohm-m, ƙasa daga 28 ohms a mita 1.5 da sandunan guda ɗaya.
  • Babban gazawar filin da muke gani shine haɗin zaren da ke cikin yanayi mai laka. Tsarin shigarmu na chamfered ya rage wannan ƙimar gazawa da kimanin kashi 70% a cikin bayanan tallafinmu na 2022-2024.

A farkon shekarar 2023, mun sami kira daga wani ɗan kwangilar wutar lantarki a Abuja, Najeriya. Ya tuƙa sandunan ƙasa guda huɗu masu siffar tagulla guda ɗaya masu tsawon mita 2.4 zuwa cikin ƙasa mai laterite a wani sabon wurin hasumiyar sadarwa. Duk waɗannan sandunan guda huɗu an auna su sama da ohms 25—wanda ya fi ƙarfin maƙasudin 5-ohm da aka buƙata. Ba shi da direban sandar da zai iya ɗaukar wani abu fiye da mita 3, kuma mafi kusa da ke samar da sandunan tsayi suna Legas, kilomita 700. Mun aika masa da kayan aikin sandar sashe da maƙallan tagulla. Makonni biyu bayan haka, ƙungiyarsa ta tuƙa sandunan iri ɗaya zuwa zurfin mita 6 ta amfani da guduma mai juyawa ta yau da kullun, kuma juriyar da aka auna ita ce ohms 4.2. Wannan aikin ya canza yadda muke tunani game da shawarar yanki ɗaya da sashe: ba batun fifiko ba ne, batun abin da ƙasa, kayan aikinku, da damar shiga shafinku suka ba da dama.

Kayan aikin sandar ƙasa na sassaka tare da sandunan ƙarfe da aka lulluɓe da tagulla da kuma maƙallan zare na tagulla don tuƙi mai zurfi a ƙasa
Kayan aikin sandar ƙasa na sashe: sassan ƙarfe da aka lulluɓe da tagulla tare da maƙallan zare na tagulla, a shirye don tuƙi mai zurfi a cikin ƙasa mai juriya sosai.
Teburin Abubuwan da ke Ciki

Sashe da Kashi Ɗaya: Shawarar Ba Ta Dace da Fifiko Ba

Hujjar sandar guda ɗaya abu ne mai sauƙi kuma ingantacce: babu haɗin gwiwa yana nufin babu rauni. Sandar guda ɗaya mai tsawon mita 2.4 da aka ɗora kai tsaye zuwa cikin yumbu mai ɗanshi zai fi ƙarfin gininku, kuma yana da ƙarancin kuɗi fiye da haɗa sassan sassa na tsawon iri ɗaya. Har yanzu muna sayar da sandunan guda ɗaya fiye da kayan sassa na girma, kuma saboda kyakkyawan dalili: don shigarwa mai zurfi a cikin ƙasa mai ƙarancin juriya, su ne zaɓin da ya dace.

Amma a cikin shekaru 17 na ƙera kayayyakin ƙasa, mun ga tsari mai daidaito: ayyukan da ke dawowa gare mu tare da matsalolin juriya masu yawa kusan koyaushe shigarwa ne mai sassa ɗaya a cikin busasshiyar ƙasa, dutse, ko yashi inda ɗan kwangilar ya tura sandar zuwa cikakken tsawonta kuma ya tsaya—saboda ba su da hanyar zurfafawa.sandar ƙasa ta sasheyana kawar da wannan ƙuntatawa. Kowane sashe yana da tsawon mita 1.2, an haɗa shi damaƙallan da aka zana, kuma kuna ci gaba da ƙara sassa har sai mitar juriya ta karanta ƙasa da abin da kuke so. Muna da abokan ciniki a Saudiyya waɗanda suka haɗa sandunan sassa zuwa mita 9 a cikin yashi na hamada, da kuma abokan ciniki a Jamhuriyar Dimokuraɗiyyar Kongo waɗanda suka kai mita 12 a cikin laterite na wurare masu zafi.

TheIEEE Standard 80domin yin amfani da ƙasa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa ba ya tilasta ƙira ɗaya fiye da ɗayan. Yana ƙayyade sakamakon ƙarshe: juriyar ƙasa mai ƙarancin isa don tabbatar da aminci yayin abubuwan da ke faruwa a halin yanzu. Yadda za ku cimma wannan juriya shawara ce ta injiniya ta musamman a wurin, ba ta falsafa ba.

Babbar tambayar ba ita ce "wanne ya fi kyau ba" amma "me zai faru idan sandar ku mai guntu ɗaya ba ta isa ba?" A Abuja, amsar ita ce: kuna rasa makonni biyu kuna neman sanduna masu tsayi daga Legas. A Riyadh, amsar ita ce: kuna yin odar kayan sassa daga gare mu kuma kuna ci gaba da tuƙi a rana ɗaya. Tsarin sassa yana sa ku sassauci, kuma a cikin ƙwarewarmu, sassauci shine abin da ke raba ayyukan da suka kai ga burin juriyarsu da ayyukan da ba su isa ba.

Dalilin da Ya Sa Muka Sake Zane Ma'auratanmu Bayan Annobar Zaren Giciye

A shekarar 2021, ƙungiyar goyon bayanmu ta lura da ƙaruwar koke-koke da suka shafi ma'aurata. Mun yi rikodin abubuwan da suka faru na haɗa zare guda 47 a ƙasashe 14 a cikin shekara guda. Tsarin ya kasance iri ɗaya: mai sakawa yana aiki a cikin rami mai laka, ya fara zaren haɗin a ɗan kusurwa kaɗan, kuma zaren tagulla sun lalace kafin zaren sandar ƙarfe su yi. Tagulla ta yi laushi ta hanyar ƙira (muna son mahaɗin ya yi hadaya kafin sandar, don a iya sake amfani da sandar), amma wannan zaɓin ƙira ya haifar da yanayin gazawa da ba mu yi tsammani ba.

Mun binciki tushen abin da ya haifar da tsarin shigar zaren. Zaren V na yau da kullun akan sandar da mahaɗin yana da gefen shiga mai kaifi wanda ya sauƙaƙa fara zaren a kusurwa, musamman lokacin da zaren ya gurɓata da ƙasa. Gyaranmu: mun yi wa zaren farko biyu a kan sandar da mahaɗin, muna ƙirƙirar kusurwar shiga mai faɗi wacce ke tsakiyar haɗin kai ko da lokacin da aka fara da ɗan rashin daidaito. Mun kuma ƙara alamar daidaitawa ta gani (layi mai zane-zanen laser akan jikin mahaɗin) wanda ke nuna mai shigarwa lokacin da aka daidaita zaren daidai.

Sakamakon ya kasance mai mahimmanci. A shekarar 2022, ƙorafe-ƙorafen da aka yi kan zaren sun ragu zuwa 19. A shekarar 2023, zuwa 11. A rabin farko na 2024, zuwa 3. Wannan raguwa ce ta kusan kashi 70 cikin ɗari, kuma ba ta kashe mana komai ba a kowace naúrar—chamfer canjin kayan aiki ne, ba canji mai mahimmanci ba. Wannan shine irin ci gaba mai ɗorewa da shekaru 17 na ra'ayoyin masana'antu ke ba ku damar yi.

Maƙallin sandar ƙasa mai zare da tagulla don haɗin sandar ƙasa na sashe
Maƙallin zare mai gefe biyu na tagulla (samfurin XJ-J043): shigarwar zaren da aka yi da chamfered, ƙarfin juriya ≥580 N/mm2, tsawon sabis ≥ shekaru 50.

Kayan haɗin da kansa an ƙera shi ne daga sandar tagulla mai ƙarfi (ba a yi siminti ba). Mun zaɓi tagulla maimakon ƙarfe saboda dalilai uku. Na farko, tagulla ba ta yin tsatsa a cikin ƙasa kamar yadda ƙarfe mai sauƙi yake yi—mun haƙa maƙallan daga kayan aiki na shekaru 15 a Saudiyya waɗanda suka yi kama da sababbi. Na biyu, bambancin ƙarfin galvanic tsakanin ƙarfe mai rufi da ƙarfe mai rufi da tagulla ba shi da yawa (ƙasa da 50 mV), wanda ke nufin tsatsa ta lantarki a mahaɗin zare ba ta da yawa. Na uku, injunan tagulla suna ƙara juriyar zare fiye da ƙarfe, wanda ke da mahimmanci lokacin da kake zare da hannu a cikin rami mai laka kuma kana buƙatar haɗin ya tafi daidai.

Ƙarfin taurin ma'aunin tagulla (≥580 N/mm2) ya wuce ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙarfe a cikin sassan sandar. Muna tabbatar da wannan a kowane rukuni na samarwa: muna jawo samfuran haɗuwa guda uku zuwa lalacewa akan na'urar gwajin tensile ta hydraulic. Sanda koyaushe tana karyewa a kusan mm 25 daga fuskar ma'aunin - ba a taɓa ma'aunin kanta ba. Wannan ta hanyar ƙira ne: muna son sandar ta lalace kafin ma'aunin, saboda ana iya cire sandar da ta gaza kuma a maye gurbinta, yayin da ma'aunin da ta gaza zai iya barin wani ɓangare a makale a ƙarƙashin ƙasa.

Karfe Mai Rufi Da Tagulla: Bayanan da Muke Gwaji da Kuma Kurakuran da Muke Samu

Kowanne masana'anta yana lissafa bayanai iri ɗaya: kauri na jan ƙarfe, tsarki, ƙarfin tauri, madaidaiciya. Bambancin shine ko an gwada waɗannan bayanai ko an ɗauka. A masana'antarmu da ke Xinchang, muna gwada kowace masana'anta, kuma muna ƙin kayan da ba su wuce ba. Ga abin da muke gwadawa, yadda muke gwadawa, da abin da muka kama.

Kauri na layin tagulla: ≥0.254 mm. Wannan shineUL 467mafi ƙarancin. Muna aunawa da ma'aunin kauri na ultrasonic wanda aka daidaita a maki uku a kowace sanda (tip, tsakiya, tushe). Matsakaicin samarwarmu shine 0.28 mm, tare da kewayon 0.254 zuwa 0.32 mm. A cikin 2022, mun ƙi cikakken rukunin cathode na jan ƙarfe daga sabon mai samar da kayayyaki lokacin da gwajin farko na yanki ya nuna matsakaicin kauri na 0.22 mm. Mai samar da kayayyaki ya yi iƙirarin cewa cathode ya cika; ma'aunin ultrasonic ɗinmu ya faɗi akasin haka. Mun canza masu samar da kayayyaki.

Tsarkakken jan ƙarfe: ≥99.95 bisa ɗari. Mun tabbatar da wannan ta hanyar nazarin spark-OES (na'urar hangen nesa) akan kowace rukunin cathode na jan ƙarfe mai shigowa. Rashin datti sama da 0.05%—musamman sulfur da phosphorus—yana hanzarta lalata a cikin ƙasa mai acidic. A cikin 2023, tarinsandar ƙarfe mai rufi da tagulladaga layin samar da kayayyaki da aka gwada a kan tsaftar kashi 99.91%. Mun gano matsalar ga wani gurɓataccen anode na tagulla a cikin tankin lantarki. Mun cire dukkan kayan (kimanin sanduna 2,000) maimakon jigilar kayan da za su lalace da wuri a cikin filin.

Ingancin haɗin gwiwa: gwajin lanƙwasa na digiri 180. Bai kamata layin jan ƙarfe ya fashe ko ya ɓace ba lokacin da aka lanƙwasa sandar digiri 180 a radius na mm 100. Wannan gwajin yana kwaikwayon ƙarfin tasirin yayin tuki. Muna yin sa a kowane yanki na samarwa. Idan jan ƙarfe ya bare, yawan wutar lantarki mai walƙiya ya yi ƙasa sosai kuma haɗin yana da na inji, ba ƙarfe ba. Mun faɗi wannan gwajin sau biyu a cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata, duka lokutan biyu sun nuna raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a layin wutar lantarki wanda sandar bas ta lalace ta haifar.

Sandar ƙasa mai rufi da ƙarfe mai rufi da tagulla mai nauyin 0.254mm don tsarin ƙasa
Sanda mai ƙasa da aka shafa da tagulla: ≥0.254 mm Layer na tagulla, ≥99.95% tsarki, ≤1 mm/m madaidaiciya. An gwada kowace yanki.

Daidaito: ≤1 mm/m. Muna daidaita kowace sanda a kan matsewar ruwa bayan an yi amfani da wutar lantarki, sannan a duba ta hanyar birgima a kan farantin saman dutse mai faɗi. Ana ƙin sandunan da suka wuce 1 mm/m. Wannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai yana da mahimmanci fiye da yadda yawancin mutane suka sani: sanda mai baka 3 mm/m ba za ta yi tuƙi kai tsaye ba, kuma sandar da ta karkace daga tsaye ba za ta kai zurfin da ake so ba tare da ramin gwaji ba. Mun ga sandunan da aka shigo da su daga wasu masana'antun da baka 4 zuwa 5 mm/m, wanda hakan ya sa ba za a iya amfani da su ba don tuƙi mai zurfi.

Shigar da Sanda Mai Zurfi: Abin da Muka Koya Daga Kurakuran Fili

Tsarin shigarwa donsandar ƙasa ta sasheba abu ne mai wahala ba, amma kowane mataki yana da hanyoyin gazawa da muka koya game da hanya mai wahala—ta hanyar kiran abokin ciniki, da'awar garanti, da ziyartar shafin.

Ramin matukin jirgi: matakin da yawancin 'yan kwangila ke tsallakewa. A cikin ƙasa mai tauri ko dutse, koyaushe fara da ramin matukin jirgi ta amfani da ma'aunin ƙasa wanda ya ɗan fi ƙanƙanta da diamita na sandar. A shekarar 2022, wani ɗan kwangila a Dammam, Saudiyya, ya tuƙa sassan sanda uku zuwa cikin yashi na hamada ba tare da ramin matukin jirgi ba. Bakin sandar ya karkace daga dutsen da aka binne a nisan mita 1.8, yana lanƙwasa sandar a digiri 15 daga tsaye. Dole ne ya cire sashin da aka lanƙwasa (aikin mintuna 45 tare da jack) sannan ya sake farawa da ramin matukin jirgi. Ramin matukin jirgi ya ɗauki mintuna 5 kuma ya hana duk wata matsala ta lanƙwasawa daga baya.

Ƙarfin maɗauri: ƙarfin da bai kai ƙarfin da aka samu ba da kuma ƙarfin da ya wuce kima, duka biyun suna gazawa. Mun ƙayyade 50 zuwa 80 Nm don sandunan inci 5/8 da kuma 60 zuwa 100 Nm don sandunan inci 3/4. A cikin wani aiki na 2023 a Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, masu shigarwa sun matse maɗaurin da hannu ba tare da makulli ba. A lokacin tuki, maɗaurin biyu sun sassauta, kuma sassan sun rabu a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Sashen sama ya ci gaba da tuƙi, amma ɓangaren ƙasa ya kasance a zurfin mita 2. Dole ne su bar sassan biyu su fara sabon rami mai nisan santimita 30. Tun daga lokacin, mun haɗa katin ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin juyawa a cikin kowane akwatin kayan aiki na sashe.

Tsaftace zare: daƙiƙa 20 wanda zai hana mintuna 20 na takaici. Kafin a haɗa zare da maƙallin, a goge ƙasa daga zaren sandar. A cikin yanayi mai laka (wanda aka saba da shi a wuraren da ake sanyawa a wurare masu zafi), ƙasa da aka lulluɓe cikin zaren tana aiki azaman gogewa kuma tana iya sa maƙallin ya kama rabin lokaci. Mun sami garanti guda uku daga Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya inda mai sakawa ya tilasta maƙallin da ke cike da ƙasa ya cire zaren tagulla. Goga mai tauri (wanda yanzu muke haɗawa a cikin kayan aikin shigarwa) zai magance wannan cikin daƙiƙa 20.

Gwajin juriya: gwada kafin ka yi alƙawarin zurfafawa. Bayan an shigar da kowane sashe, auna juriyar ƙasa da na'urar gwaji mai faɗuwa, kowaceNFPA 70 (Lambar Wutar Lantarki ta Ƙasa)Bukatu. Idan ka riga ka kasa ƙarfin da kake da shi, ka daina tuƙi. Mun ga 'yan kwangila a Najeriya suna tuƙi zuwa mita 7 lokacin da mita 4 zai isa, suna ɓatar da sassa uku da aikin da za a yi don shigar da su. Hanyar da za a bi ta ƙara-ƙari—gwaji, yanke shawara, tuƙi—ita ce babbar fa'idar tattalin arziki ta ƙirar sashe.

Hanyoyi Huɗu Na Rashin Nasara Daga Shekaru 17 Na Ƙirƙirar Samfura

Bayan samar da kayayyakin ƙasa ga ƙasashe sama da 60, mun fahimci abin da ya gaza a fagen da kuma dalilinsa. Ga hanyoyi huɗu da aka fi samun matsala, waɗanda aka tsara bisa ga mita a cikin bayanan tikitin tallafi daga 2018 zuwa 2024.

Rashin Nasara ta 1: Tsarin zaren da aka haɗa (kashi 47% na duk tikiti na tallafi). An riga an tattauna a sama. Tsarin sake fasalin shigarwar chamfered ya rage wannan daga abubuwan da suka faru 47 a cikin 2021 zuwa 3 a rabin farko na 2024.

Rashin Nasara ta 2: Ragewar jan ƙarfe yayin tuƙi (kashi 23% na tikiti). Idan haɗin da ke tsakanin layin jan ƙarfe da tsakiyar ƙarfe ya kasance na inji maimakon ƙarfe, ƙarfin tasirin da ake maimaitawa yayin tuƙi na iya sa jan ƙarfen ya bare a ƙarshen. Wannan yana haifar da tasirin naman kaza wanda ke hana ci gaba da tuƙi kuma yana fallasa tsakiyar ƙarfe ga tsatsa. Gwajin lanƙwasa namu na digiri 180 yana kama wannan a masana'anta, amma har yanzu muna ganin sa a cikin sanduna daga wasu masana'antun da abokan cinikinmu suka saya a wani wuri kuma suka haɗu da maƙallanmu.

Rashin Nasara ta 3: Sanda mai lanƙwasa a cikin ƙasa mai duwatsu (kashi 18% na tikiti). Ko da tare da ƙwanƙwasa mai ƙarfin N/mm2 600+, sandar da ta bugi dutsen da aka binne a kusurwa za ta lanƙwasa. Da zarar ta lanƙwasa fiye da digiri kaɗan, sandar ba za ta tuƙa kai tsaye ba. Rigakafi: koyaushe yi amfani da ramin gwaji a cikin ƙasar da ake zargi da duwatsu. Mun sami wannan korafi daga ayyukan da aka yi a Turkiyya, Iran, da yankunan tsaunuka na Gabashin Afirka.

Rashin Nasara na 4: Tsatsa a mahaɗin mahaɗi a cikin ƙasa mai gishiri (12% na tikiti). A cikin yanayin bakin teku ko ruwan gishiri, haɗin zare na iya lalacewa da sauri fiye da jikin sandar idan kayan haɗin bai dace da galvanically ba. Haɗin tagulla ɗinmu yana rage wannan haɗarin saboda bambancin yuwuwar galvanic tsakanin ƙarfe mai rufi da jan ƙarfe bai wuce 50 mV ba. Ga yanayin ruwan gishiri mai tsanani (gaɓar tekun Saudiyya, Qatar, UAE), muna kuma bayar da zaɓin mahaɗin bakin ƙarfe.

Bayanan Juriyar Ƙasa daga Ayyuka na Gaske: Dalilin da Yasa Zurfin Yana Canza Komai

Dalilin yin zurfin bincike shine juriyar ƙasa. A yawancin nau'ikan ƙasa, juriya tana raguwa da zurfi saboda zurfin ƙasa yana da yawan danshi da kuma ma'adanai masu narkewa. Ga ƙimar juriyar ƙasa da aka auna daga ayyuka uku na gaske inda muka samar da kayan aikin sandar sassa:

Abuja, Najeriya (ƙasa mai laterite, 800 ohm-m): Sanda mai yanki ɗaya mita 1.5 = ohms 28. Sashe na mita 3 = ohms 14. Sashe na mita 6 = ohms 4.2. Mai kwangilar yana buƙatar ohms 5; sun isa gare shi a zurfin kusan mita 5.5 tare da tsarin sassa.

Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (yashi mai hamada, 1,200 ohm-m): 2.4 m sanda mai yanki ɗaya = 45 ohms. 3 m sashe = 32 ohms. 6 m sashe = 12 ohms. 9 m sashe = 6.8 ohms. Takaddun aikin sun buƙaci ohms 10; sun isa gare shi a zurfin kusan mita 7.

Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (laka-loam, 200 ohm-m): Sanda mai yanki ɗaya mita 1.5 = ohms 8. Tsarin ya buƙaci ohms 5. Tsawaita mita 1.5 guda ɗaya (jimlar mita 3) ya kawo juriya zuwa ohms 4.8. A wannan yanayin, ƙasa tana da haɗin gwiwa kuma ana buƙatar ƙaramin faɗaɗa zurfin ƙasa.

TheIEEE Standard 142 (Littafin Kore)yana ba da dabarar kimanta juriyar sandar da aka tura: R = (ρ / 2πL) × (ln(4L/a) – 1), inda ρ shine juriyar ƙasa, L shine tsawon sanda, kuma a shine radius na sanda. Tsarin ya tabbatar da abin da bayanan filinmu suka nuna: juriya tana da daidaiton juzu'i da tsawon sanda. Ninki biyu na zurfin yawanci yana rage juriya da kashi 40 zuwa 60, ya danganta da shimfidar ƙasa.

Abin da za a iya ɗauka a hankali abu ne mai sauƙi. A cikin ƙasa mai ƙarancin juriya (ƙasa da 300 ohm-m), sandar yanki ɗaya mai mita 1.5 zuwa 3 yawanci ta isa. A cikin ƙasa mai matsakaicin juriya (300 zuwa 1,000 ohm-m), kuna iya buƙatar mita 3 zuwa 6, wanda ke nufin sassa.Hukumar Tsaron Ayyuka da Lafiya (OSHA)yana buƙatar ma'aikata su kafa shirye-shiryen tabbatar da na'urorin sarrafa ƙasa a wuraren gini, waɗanda suka haɗa da shigar da na'urar lantarki mai kyau a ƙasa. A cikin ƙasa mai juriya sosai (sama da 1,000 ohm-m), kusan za ku buƙaci mita 6 ko fiye, kuma tsarin sashe shine kawai hanyar da za a iya isa can.

Jimlar Kudin Shigarwa: Lokacin da Sashe Ya Yi Nauyi Ɗaya a Kasuwarka

Kudin kayan da ake kashewa a kowace mita na tsarin sassa ya fi na mutum ɗaya, domin kuna biyan kuɗin maƙallan da ƙarin marufi. Amma jimillar kuɗin da aka saka ya haɗa da aiki, sufuri, sharar gida, da kayan aiki, kuma kwatancen yana canzawa a cikin fifikon tsarin sassa yayin da zurfin ke ƙaruwa.

Tanadin Sufuri. A shekarar 2023, wani abokin ciniki a Kampala, Uganda, ya gaya mana cewa kudin jigilar sandunan mita 3 daga tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa wurin aikin (kilomita 200 a kan titunan da ba a shimfida ba) kusan kashi 40% ne na kudin sandunan, domin kowace babbar mota za ta iya ɗaukar sandunan mita 200 ne kawai saboda ƙarancin tsayi. Lokacin da suka canza zuwa sassan sassa na mita 1.2, babbar motar guda ɗaya tana ɗaukar sassa 500 a kowace tafiya. Kudin sufuri a kowace mita na mita ya ragu da fiye da rabi.

Rage sharar gida. A cikin ƙasa mai duwatsu, sandunan yanki ɗaya da ke lanƙwasa yayin tuki sharar gida ce. Abokan cinikinmu na Gabas ta Tsakiya sun ba da rahoton cewa sharar gida ta kai kashi 8 zuwa 12 cikin ɗari tare da sandunan yanki ɗaya a cikin ƙasa mai duwatsu, idan aka kwatanta da ƙasa da kashi 2 cikin ɗari tare da tsarin sassa (saboda gajerun sassan sun fi sauƙin sarrafawa kuma ana bin matakin ramin gwaji akai-akai). Matsakaicin sharar gida na kashi 10 cikin ɗari akan aikin sandunan 200 yana nufin sandunan da aka ɓata da kuma aikin da za a cire su.

Kudin kayan aiki. Sanda mai yanki ɗaya fiye da mita 2.4 yana buƙatar direban sanda na musamman mai dogon maƙalli. Ana iya tuƙa tsarin sashe da guduma mai juyawa ta yau da kullun tare da adaftar maƙalli - kayan aikin da yawancin 'yan kwangilar lantarki suka riga suka mallaka. Rage kuɗin hayar kayan aiki na iya rage farashin maƙallan a kan ƙananan ayyuka zuwa matsakaici.

Ga wuraren da aka yi amfani da su a ƙasa (≤ mita 1.5), sandunan da aka yi amfani da su a kan guntu ɗaya sun fi rahusa kuma sun fi sauri. Don mita 1.5 zuwa 3.0, kwatancen ya shafi wurin. Ga duk wani abu da ya fi zurfin mita 3.0, ƙirar sashe ita ce kawai zaɓin da ake amfani da shi, kuma kwatancen farashi bai yi daidai ba.

Kammalawa

Zaɓin tsakanin sandunan ƙasa na sashe da na yanki ɗaya ba game da wanne ya fi kyau a cikin taƙaitaccen bayani ba ne. Yana game da wanne ya dace da yanayin ƙasarku, juriyar da kuke da ita, da kuma tsarin ginin wurinku. Sandunan yanki ɗaya sun fi sauƙi, rahusa, kuma sun fi ƙarfi a kowace mita mai layi. Sandunan ƙasa na sashe sune kawai mafita mai amfani lokacin da kuke buƙatar zurfafa fiye da mita 3, lokacin da jigilar ku ta iyakance tsawon sandar, ko kuma lokacin da yanayin ƙasa ba shi da tabbas kuma kuna son sassaucin ya ƙara zurfi kaɗan.

Ingancin mahaɗin yana ƙayyade ko tsarin sashe yana aiki kamar yadda aka tsara. Bayan aukuwar abubuwa 47 na haɗin zare a cikin 2021, mun sake tsara mahaɗin mu da shigarwar zare mai chamfered kuma mun rage ƙimar gazawar da kashi 70 cikin ɗari. Wannan shine irin ci gaban da aka samu na shekaru 17 na masana'antu da ƙasashe sama da 60 na ra'ayoyin filin ke samarwa.

A Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd, muna ƙerakayan aikin sandar ƙasa na sashe, maƙallan da aka zana, sandunan ƙarfe masu rufi da tagulla, da kuma cikakken kayan haɗi na kariya daga ƙasa da walƙiya a ƙarƙashin ISO 9001:2008. Tuntuɓe mu don tattauna buƙatun aikinku.

Jane Yang
Manajan Talla a Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd.

Wannan Jane ce daga Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd wacce ƙwararriyar masana'anta ce ta samar da kayayyakin ƙasa da tsarin walƙiya sama da shekaru 17. Ni manajan tallace-tallace ne mai shekaru 12 na ƙwarewa a fannin kariyar walƙiya da kuma kasuwancin ƙasa da ƙasa. Na ƙware wajen tallafawa abokan ciniki na ƙasashen waje ta hanyar samo kayayyakin kariyar walƙiya da kuma kayayyakin ƙasa daga China, waɗanda suka haɗa da cikakken ayyuka ciki har da duba inganci, shirya kayayyaki da duk takardun fitarwa. Haka kuma zan iya taimaka muku wajen siyan wasu kayayyaki masu alaƙa da wutar lantarki. Ƙwararru, abin dogaro kuma mai sauƙin sadarwa, ina shirye in ba ku mafita ta siyayya ta tsayawa ɗaya.

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Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi

Menene sandar ƙasa ta sashe kuma yaushe zan yi amfani da ita?

Sanda mai sassaka ƙasa lantarki ne mai amfani da ƙasa wanda aka yi da sassan sanda da yawa waɗanda aka haɗa da maƙallan zare. Yi amfani da ɗaya lokacin da zurfin shigarwar da kake son yi ya wuce mita 3.0, lokacin da iyakokin sufuri suka hana sarrafa dogayen sanduna a wurin, ko kuma lokacin da yanayin ƙasa ba shi da tabbas kuma kana son sassaucin ya ƙara zurfin kaɗan. A cikin aikinmu na Abuja, Najeriya, sandunan sassaka sun kai 4.2 ohms a zurfin mita 6 a cikin ƙasa mai laterite inda sandunan yanki ɗaya na mita 2.4 suka auna ohms 28.

Ta yaya haɗin sandar ƙasa mai zare yake aiki?

Haɗin sandar ƙasa mai zare (coupler) gajeriyar hanyar haɗa tagulla ce mai zare a ƙarshen biyu. Kuna zare sashin sanda ɗaya a kowane ƙarshen kuma ku matse shi zuwa 50-80 Nm da makulli. Haɗin yana canja wurin ƙarfin tuƙi daga ɓangaren sama zuwa na ƙasa kuma yana kiyaye ci gaba da wutar lantarki. Haɗin mu yana amfani da zaren metric (M16 x 2.0 don sandunan inci 5/8, M20 x 2.5 don sandunan inci 3/4) tare da shigarwar da aka yi wa chamfered don hana haɗin zaren—wani sake fasalin da ke rage ƙimar gazawar haɗin zaren mu da kashi 70% bayan mun rubuta abubuwan da suka faru 47 a 2021.

Menene bambanci tsakanin sandunan ƙasa da aka lulluɓe da tagulla da aka haɗa da tagulla?

Sandunan da aka lulluɓe da tagulla suna amfani da na'urar lantarki mai ci gaba wanda ke haifar da haɗin ƙarfe tsakanin layin jan ƙarfe da tsakiyar ƙarfe. Sandunan da aka lulluɓe da tagulla na iya amfani da tsarin haɗin injiniya. Don zurfafa tuƙi, haɗin ƙarfe ya fi juriya ga ɓarna a ƙarƙashin tasirin. Muna gwada kowace ƙasa ta samarwa da gwajin lanƙwasa na digiri 180 (radius 100 mm): ba dole ne jan ƙarfe ya fashe ko ya fashe ba. Mun faɗi wannan gwajin sau biyu a cikin shekaru uku, duka lokutan sun nuna raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a layin wutar lantarki.

Har yaushe zan iya tuƙa sandar ƙasa mai sassaka?

Babu iyaka ta zurfin fasaha matuƙar ana iya shiga ƙasar kuma haɗin haɗin gwiwa suna kiyaye mutunci. Abokan cinikinmu sun kai mita 12 a cikin laterite na wurare masu zafi (Jamhuriyar Demokraɗiyya ta Kongo) da mita 9 a cikin yashi na hamada (Saudi Arabia). Iyakar aiki yawanci nau'in ƙasa ce - ƙasa mai duwatsu na iya buƙatar ramin gwaji ko wata hanyar ƙasa daban kamar na'urorin lantarki na ƙasa masu sinadarai. Ga yawancin ayyuka, mita 3 zuwa 6 ya isa don cimma juriyar ƙasa da ake buƙata.

Wane ƙarfin juyi ya kamata in shafa wa mahaɗin?

50 zuwa 80 Nm ga sandunan inci 5/8 (14.2 mm); 60 zuwa 100 Nm ga sandunan inci 3/4 (17.2 mm). Kullum tsaftace zaren kafin a haɗa su kuma a yi amfani da makunnin ƙarfin juyi mai daidaitawa idan akwai. A shekarar 2023, wani aikin Dar es Salaam ya rasa sassa biyu a ƙarƙashin ƙasa lokacin da masu shigarwa suka matse makunnin hannu ba tare da makulli ba - makullan sun sassauta yayin tuki kuma sassan sun rabu. Yanzu mun haɗa katin ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin juyi a cikin kowane akwatin kayan aiki na sashe.

Zan iya haɗa sandunan sashe da guda ɗaya a cikin shigarwa ɗaya?

Eh, wannan abu ne da aka saba yi. Fara da sandar yanki ɗaya don farkon mita 1.5 zuwa 2.4, sannan a ƙara sassan sassa ta hanyar mahaɗi idan ana buƙatar ƙarin zurfi. Dole ne diamita na sandar da siffar zare su dace da mahaɗin. Maƙallanmu sun dace da sandunan ƙarfe na tagulla na yau da kullun na inci 5/8 da inci 3/4 waɗanda ke amfani da tsarin zaren ma'auni iri ɗaya, ba tare da la'akari da masana'anta ba.

Wadanne takaddun shaida ne kayayyakin amfani da ƙasa na Shibang ke da su?

Ana ƙera dukkan samfuran a ƙarƙashin ISO 9001:2008. Sandunan ƙarfe masu lulluɓe da tagulla sun cika buƙatun kauri na tagulla na UL 467 (≥0.254 mm). Muna ba da rahotannin gwaji don ƙarfin tauri, kauri na tagulla, tsarkin tagulla, da kuma ingancin haɗin gwiwa idan an buƙata. Don ayyukan da ke buƙatar takaddun shaida na ɓangare na uku, muna aiki tare da dakunan gwaje-gwaje masu izini don samar da takaddun da ake buƙata.

Kuna buƙatar sandunan ƙasa na sassa don aikinku?

Tuntuɓi Jane Yang don ƙarin bayani game da samfura, samfura, da kuma kimantawa ta musamman game da aikin. Shekaru 17+ na ƙwarewar masana'antu, takardar shaidar ISO 9001: 2008, fitarwa zuwa ƙasashe sama da 60+.

Nemi Farashi →


Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-28-2026