Gwaro rekuongorora kutevedza mitemo yevanopinza zvinhu munyika nevanoparadzira mutauro weFrench — zvinosimbiswa nemushumo wekuyedza weNFC 17-102, magwaro mana ekukumbira makontena ekutanga asati atumirwa, uye maitiro matatu evatengesi anoratidza njodzi chaiyo yekutevedzera mitemo.
- NFC 17-102 ndiyo standard yenyika yeFrance (Norme Française C 17-102) inodzora nzvimbo dzemhepo dzeEarly Streamer Emission, uye ndiyowo standard inoshandiswa nevanopinza neinishuwarenzi vekuAfrica vanotaura chiFrench pavanoramba kutumira ESE isingatevedzeri mitemo panzvimbo yavanoenda.
- Muongororo dzemagwaro zana nemakumi matanhatu nesere dzatakatambira kune vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika pakati pa2024 na2026, dambudziko guru rekutevedzera mitemo (38% yemapakeji) raive bhuku rekushandisa rechiFrench raive risipo — kutadza kwemagwaro, kwete kutadza kwezvigadzirwa, uye iro riri nyore kugadzirisa padanho rekotesheni.
- Magwaro mana anofanirwa kugashirwa nemuridzi wezvinhu kunze kwenyika asati atumirwa ndeaya: mushumo wekuyedzwa kwerabhoritari yeNFC 17-102 high-voltage, chitupa cheCE declaration of performance kana conformity, bhuku rekuisa remutauro wechiFrench, uye magwaro ekudzora kugadzirwa kwefekitori.
- Maitiro matatu evatengesi anofanira kumisa chibvumirano: kuramba kugovera PDF yakazara yemushumo webvunzo, kupa mushumo wekare kupfuura makore mashanu pasina kupa bvunzo zvakare, uye kushandura mazita emurabhoritari pakati pemashoko asina tsananguro.
- PaHurongwa hwekugadzirisa mamiriro eAFNOR, mushumo webvunzo unofanirwa kubva murabhoritari ine mvumo yeCOFRAC inoshanda pasi peISO/IEC 17025; munhu anopinza anogona kusimbisa mvumo yacho zvakananga paKutsvaga kweveruzhinji kweCOFRACusati wasaina gwaro rekutenga.
- YeduMutsetse wekudzivirira mheni weESEinotumirwa nemushumo wekuyedza weNFC 17-102 wazvino, pasuru yekutevedzera magwaro mana, uye magwaro emutauro wechiFrench, nekuti musika weFrench francophone unenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chehuwandu hwedu hwegore negore hweESE arrester.
Mumwe mutengesi wekuAbidjan akanditumira mushumo webvunzo wemapeji makumi mana nemanomwe gore rapera, achibvunza kana ESE arrester yaaida kuisa mu container yaitevedzera NFC 17-102. Zvinhu zvitatu zvakanga zvisina kumira zvakanaka papakeji: mushumo wacho waive nemakore gumi nerimwe, wakapihwa nerabhoritari iyo isina kana kambani yemagetsi yemuno yaakambonzwa nezvayo, uye nhamba yezvigadzirwa yakadhindwa pakavha yemushumo haina kufanana nechero chigadzirwa paodha yake yekutenga. Akanga atotumira faindi ine musoro kumutengesi, container yacho yaifanira kuendeswa kuchiteshi mumazuva gumi nerimwe, uye mubatsiri wake weinishuwarenzi muAbidjan akanga atomuudza nekunyora kuti chivako chacho chaisazove neinishuwarenzi kunze kwekunge ESE iine mushumo wekuyedza weNFC 17-102 wazvino.
Kudaidzwa ikoko ndiko kwakonzera gwara iri. Mushure memakore gumi nemanomwe ekugadzira ESE air terminals yemusika weFrench export — France, Belgium, Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, Cameroon, Morocco — ndakaongorora kanenge kazana kekuongororwa kwekutevedzera mitemo, uye maitiro andinoona kune vanopinza zvinhu akafanana zvikuru. Magwaro mana anofanira kudiwa nemutengesi wese asati atumirwa, maitiro matatu emutengesi anofanira kumisa chibvumirano, uye maitiro mashanu ekuverenga mishumo ari pazasi ndizvo zvandinotumira mutengi mutsva wese anobvunza kana mutengesi wake achitevedzera mitemo.
Nyaya iyi yakanyorerwa zvakananga vanopinza nevanoparadzira maFrench, nekuti NFC 17-102 ine pfungwa dzayo dzisingabviswi kubva kuIEC 62305 kana NFPA 780 practice. Kana ukatengesa maESE arresters kuFrance, francophone Africa, kana chero purojekiti ine inshuwarisi inotsanangura NFC 17-102 zvakananga, chikamu chasara chechinyorwa chino ndiyo nzira yekuongorora yandingashandisa pamutengesi wako anotevera.
Chii Chinonyanya Kuyedzwa NeNFC 17-102 Kuti Bhurocha Rinowanzo Dhonza?
NFC 17-102 yakaburitswa neAFNOR (sangano renyika reFrance) uye ndiyo yega chiyero chenyika pasi rose chinotsanangura nzira chaiyo yekuyedza maEarly Streamer Emission air terminals. Vazhinji vanopinza vandinoshanda navo vanofunga kuti chiyero ichi "shanduro yechiFrench yeIEC 62305" - haisiyo. IEC 62305 inobata ma air terminals ese zvakaenzana, nepo NFC 17-102 yakanyorwa zvakananga kuratidza musimboti weESE: pfungwa yekuti air terminal ine internal ionisation chamber inogona kukonzera mutungamiri akakwira kupfuura Franklin rod, uye kuti panguva ino advantage inoshanduka kuita radius yakakura yekudzivirira pakukwirira kwakafanana kwe mast.
Bvunzo pachayo ikuenzanisa kwerabhoritari ine voltage yakawanda. Rabhoritari inoisa ESE candidate padivi petsvimbo iri nyore yekutarisa muchikamu chemagetsi ane voltage yakawanda, yobva yatanga kubuda kwetsvimbo. Pakubuda kwega kwega, rabhoritari inoyera nguva iyo ESE inotanga kutungamira kumusoro uchienzaniswa nenguva iyo tsvimbo yekutarisa inoita. Musiyano uripo pakati penguva mbiri idzodzo inguva yepamberi yeΔT (delta-T), inowanzo ratidzwa muma microseconds. NFC 17-102 inoenderana neΔT yandinowona kazhinji pamishumo yerabhoritari inotangira pa25 µs kusvika 60 µs, zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwekamuri. PaAFNOR chimiro, bvunzo iyi inofanira kuitwa murabhoritari ine mvumo yeISO/IEC 17025 — zvinoreva nzvimbo inotenderwa neCOFRAC muFrance — uye mushumo wacho unofanirwa kuratidza shanduro chaiyo yeNFC 17-102 iyo bvunzo iyi yakaitwa pasi payo.
Chikonzero chinoita kuti izvi zvikoshe ndechekuti ΔT inofambisa zvese pasi - nzvimbo yekudzivirira, kukwirira kwemuti, saizi yekudzikisa dhiraivha, uye nzvimbo iri pakati pezvibatiso pachivako chimwe chete. ΔT ye25 µs pakukwirira kwemuti kwakajairika inoburitsa nzvimbo yekudzivirira inosvika mamita makumi mana nemashanu; ΔT ye60 µs inoburitsa nzvimbo iri pedyo nemamita makumi masere. Kana munhu anopinza zvinhu kunze akataura dhizaini yekudzivirira chivakwa yakavakirwa papepa redata re60 µs asi unit chaiyo inotumirwa iine mushumo wekuyedza we25 µs, chivako hachina kuchengetedzwa zvakakwana uye mubatsiri weinishuwarenzi achazviziva kekutanga apo chikumbiro chinosvika padhesiki rake. Iyi ndiyo nzira yekukundikana inoshandura kuiswa kweESE kuita chikumbiro chemhosva chevanhu vashanu, uye kuongororwa kwese kwekutevedzera mutemo kuripo kudzivirira.
Ndeapi Magwaro Mana Anofanira Kugamuchirwa Nemunhu Anotengesa Zvinhu Asati Atumira Konteyina Yekutanga?
Ndakaongorora mazana emagwaro aya, uye zvinhu zvina zvakafanana zvinobuda nguva dzese. Mutengesi wezvinhu anoramba achida kugamuchira zvese zvina asati abvumidza kutumira anobata zvikanganiso zvinenge 90% pakutevedzera mitemo panzvimbo pechiteshi chekutumira. Kugadziriswa kwechipatara cheLyon muna 2024 kwakandigadzirira simiti iyi: mutengi akaraira 200 ESE arresters nepakeji yakazara yemagwaro emutauro weChirungu - magwaro mana, ese akasainwa, ese akadhindwa. Chirongo chekutumira chakabvisa zvinhu zvemutero pasina dambudziko. Nyanzvi yemagetsi yekuisa muMarseille, zvisinei, yakaramba kutanga basa nekuti bhuku rekuisa rakanga risiri muchiFrench. Mayuniti mazana maviri akagara mudura remutengesi kwemavhiki matanhatu uku shanduro ichirongwa panzvimbo yaienda, kupihwa kweprojekti kwakaderera nekota yakazara, uye mutengesi akabhadhara mari yekushandura pamwe nechirango chechibvumirano.Mubvunzo mumwe chete padanho rekutaura mashoko — “Ndingaona bhuku rekushandisa mutauro wechiFrench here ndisati ndasvika paPO?” — ungadai wakapedza dambudziko rese mumasekonzi makumi matatu.Hezvino zvinoitwa negwaro rega rega uye maitiro ekurisimbisa.
Gwaro 1 — Mushumo wekuyedzwa kwemurabhoritari yeNFC 17-102 ine voltage yepamusoro.Ichi ndicho chinhu chinotakura mutoro wepakeji yese yekutevedzera mitemo. Mushumo unofanirwa kubva kurabhoritari inobvumidzwa neCOFRAC (kana sangano rakaenzana rekubvumidzwa rinozivikanwa neCOFRAC pasi peILAC MRA - kazhinji CNAS muChina, UKAS muUK, A2LA muUS). Unofanira kureva chinyorwa cheNFC 17-102 (chinyorwa chiri kushanda pari zvino mumisika mizhinji yeFrench ndicho chinyorwa che2011). Unofanira kutaura nhamba yekutarisa chigadzirwa chakaedzwa. Uye unofanirwa kutaura nguva yeΔT, iyo ichashandiswa neanopinza zvinhu pasi pemvura pakuverenga kwekudzivirira-radius. Chero chimwe chezvinhu izvi zvina zvisipo mumushumo chinodzivirira chibvumirano chisati chatumirwa.
Gwaro 2 — Chitupa cheCE chekuzivisa mashandiro kana kutevedzera zvinodiwa.Chibatiso cheESE chakaiswa pasi peNFC 17-102 muFrance kana francophone Africa chinofukidzwawo neEU Construction Products Regulation (CPR) yemirairo yezvigadzirwa zvekuvaka, zvinoreva kuti mutengesi anoda Chiziviso Chekushanda (DoP) pasi peEN 50575 kana mutsivi wayo, chine chiratidzo cheCE pachigadzirwa nekurongedza. Kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzisiri dzeEU (nyika zhinji dzeAfrica dzinotaura Chirungu), chakaenzana neChiziviso Chekutevedzera chinoratidza kodhi yemagetsi yenyika yauri kuenda. Chero gwaro ripi zvaro rinofanira kusainwa uye kunyorwa zuva, uye chitupa chemugadziri pagwaro chinofanira kuenderana nekambani yakanyorwa pamushumo wekuyedza.
Gwaro 3 — Bhuku rekushandisa pakugadza muchiFrench.Uku ndiko kukanganisa kunowanzoonekwa muongororo dzedu dzemagwaro: 38% yemapakeji 168 atakaita ongororo pakati pa2024 na2026 akanga asina bhuku rekuisa remutauro wechiFrench panguva yekotesheni, asi reChirungu chete ndiro rakatumirwa nezvinhu. Chikonzero nei izvi zvichikosha hachisi chehunyanzvi - ndezvekuita. Nyanzvi yemagetsi iri panzvimbo iyi muMarseille kana Abidjan inoda bhuku rekushandisa muchiFrench kuti riiswe zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zveNFC 17-102, uye Consuel inspector (France) kana local author inspector (nyika zhinji dzemuAfrica dzinotaura chiFrench) vanoda bhuku rekushandisa muchiFrench kuti vaone kuti kuiswa kwacho kwakaitwa sei zvichienderana nezvinodiwa. Bhuku rekushandisa muchiChirungu chete idambudziko rekunyora, kwete dambudziko rechigadzirwa, uye munhu anopinza haagone kurigadzirisa parinenge rasvika. Gadziriso ndeyekukumbira bhuku rekushandisa muchiFrench padanho rekotesheni, usati wasaina odha yekutenga.
Gwaro rechina — Magwaro ekudzora kugadzirwa kwefekitori.Iri ndiro gwaro rinodaidzwa nevakuru veFrance kuti "contrôle de production en usine" kana kuti CPU, uye humbowo hwekuti mugadziri anoita maitiro ekugadzira anoenderana - kwete kuti imwe chete yapasa bvunzo imwe chete. Kune fekitori yekuChina, CPU inowanzo tora chimiro chechitupa cheISO 9001 pamwe negwaro remukati rekugadzira-kudzora gwaro refekitori, rine nhamba imwechete yekutarisa chigadzirwa inoonekwa pamushumo wekuyedza. CPU igwaro rinopihwa mutengi kana muongorori kana vachida kuona kuti chigadzirwa chakatumirwa mwedzi uno ndechemhuri yechigadzirwa chimwe chete chakapasa bvunzo muna 2024.
Unoverenga sei NFC 17-102 Test Report semunhu anoongorora bvunzo dzeLab?
Mushumo webvunzo wePDF unowanzova nemapeji makumi matatu kusvika makumi matanhatu, uye mapeji mashanu echiratidzo chekutevedzera mutemo akavigwa mune zvimwe zvese zviri mugwaro. Vaongorori vekunze kwenyika vasina kumbobvira vaverenga rimwe kare vanowanzo tarisa peji rekuvhara uye pfupiso yemhedzisiro yebvunzo, vozosaina. Heino kurongeka kwandinoverenga mushumo kana mupi wekunze achindikumbira kuti ndiongorore rimwe, uye kuti chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinovaudza chii chaizvo.
Danho 1 - Zita remurabhoritari uye kubvumidzwa.Peji rekuvhara kana kuti siginicha yemushumo inoratidza mazita erabhoritari yakaburitsa. Tarisa izvi uchizvienzanisa nedhatabhesi reCOFRAC pacofrac.fr/snpasi pekuyedzwa kweISO/IEC 17025. Kana rabhoritari isiri pane rondedzero yeCOFRAC, kumbira bvunzo yechipiri kubva kunzvimbo ine mvumo. Zita rerabhoritari ndiro dambudziko rinowanzoitika mumapakeji atinoongorora — 19% yemapakeji 168 akaongororwa aive nemushumo kubva kurabhoritari ine zita risingaonekwe pane chero runyorwa rweCOFRAC kana ILAC MRA, zvichireva kuti muridzi weinishuwarenzi wemutengesi aisazobvuma.
Danho rechipiri — Zuva rekuburitswa kwenyaya.Bvisa zuva rekuburitswa kubva papeji rekuvhara kana pabhokisi resiginicha. Mushumo une makore anopfuura mashanu unofanira kukonzera chikumbiro chekuongororwazve, nekuti tsika dzekuFrance dzinoona bvunzo sedzinosungirwa kumhuri yechigadzirwa panguva yekuyedzwa, kwete kune mwero wega. Anenge 27% emapakeji atakaita ongororo aive nemushumo une makore anopfuura mashanu kubva pazuva rekuburitswa panguva yekuongororwa kwemutengesi, inova ndiyo zvikanganiso zvakajairika zvine chekuita nezuva uye zviri nyore kubata.
Danho rechitatu — Nhamba yekutarisa chigadzirwa.Mushumo wekuyedza unowanzo nyora chigadzirwa chakaedzwa uchishandisa nhamba yacho yemukati kana SKU, dzimwe nguva nemufananidzo nedhirowa rakafanana. Simbisa kuti nhamba iyi yemuenzaniso inoenderana neSKU iri painvoice yemutengesi. Kusaenderana ndicho chikanganiso chinowanzo wanikwa pakutevedzera mitemo mukutenga kweESE — 21% yemapakeji edu akaongororwa aive nemushumo wechigadzirwa X chakatumirwa sechigadzirwa Y, uye kazhinji kusawirirana kwacho kwaive kusiri kwemaune (mutengesi akagadzirisa SKU mushure mebvunzo asi haana kuburitsazve mushumo). Kuongorora match kunotora masekondi makumi matatu uye kunodzivirira kubatwa kwecustoms kwenhamba nhanhatu.
Danho rechina — Kukosha kweΔT.Tsvaga nguva yeΔT muchikamu chemhedzisiro yebvunzo. Kukosha kwacho kunofanira kunge kuri pakati pe25 ne60 µs yeESE yakajairika. Wobva watora chirevo chekudzivirira-radius chemutengesi wochidzosera kuburikidza neNFC 17-102 formula: Rp = √(2·r·h − h² + ΔT·(imwe nzvimbo chaiyo)) uko r iri rolling sphere radius uye h iri mast height. Kana chidimbu chekudzivirira chemutengesi chisingaenderane nechidimbu chakataurwa neΔT pamushumo, chidimbu chedata hachina kururama. Chikamu che80-metres chakataurwa chakatsigirwa ne25 µs ΔT hachina kuenderana nemasvomhu uye chinofanira kurambwa.
Danho rechi5 — Saini.Mushumo unofanirwa kusainwa neanosaina ane mvumo yerabhoritari, zita ravo, zita remushandi, uye zuva rekusaina zvichionekwa. PDF isina kusaina, kana mushumo wakasainwa chete nemukuru werabhoritari kwete neanosaina zvehunyanzvi, inoonekwa sedhirowa pane kuti ive mushumo wapedzwa nevanopa inishuwarenzi vazhinji vevanopinza. Inenge 6% yemapakeji edu akaongororwa aive nemishumo isina kusaina kana kuti isina kusaina chikamu.
Ndeapi Maitirwo Evatengesi Vatatu Anoratidza Njodzi Yakanyanya Kutevedza Mutemo?
Vatengesi vazhinji vandinoshanda navo vanotonga mutengesi weESE arrester pamutengo, nguva yekutanga, uye MOQ. Zvinhu zvitatu izvi hazvinyatsoenderana nemutemo. Heano maitiro matatu emutengesi andinotsvaga pandinotanga kufona - uye zviitiko chaizvo zvakandidzidzisa kutsvaga chimwe nechimwe. Chimwe nechimwe cheizvi chakabva muhukama hwemutengesi chaihwo hwakapera, kana kuti hwaifanira kupera, nekurambidzwa.
Maitiro 1 — Kuramba kugovera mushumo webvunzo wakazara muPDF.Mutengesi anotumira pfupiso yepeji rimwe chete, kana kuti anotumira mushumo uri kuseri kweNDA yakasainwa inorambidza mutengesi kuigovana neinishuwarenzi yake, ari kuratidza kuti mushumo wacho une ruzivo rwaanoda kuti mutengi asaone. Zvikonzero zvakajairika zvinosanganisira: mushumo wacho wakura kupfuura zvakataurwa nemutengesi, zita relabhoritari harienderane nezvakataurwa nemutengi, kana kuti kukosha kweΔT kwakaderera pane chikumbiro chekushambadzira. Ndakaona izvi zvichiitika nekambani yekutengesa muYiwu muna 2024. Vakanga vataura mutsetse weESE une pfupiso yebvunzo yepeji rimwe chete yakanyorwa zita relabhoritari uye kukosha kweΔT, uye mutengesi akanga atotaurirana nezveodha yacho nesimba repfupiso iyoyo. Pandakakumbira PDF yakazara yemapeji makumi mana nemanomwe yemushumo kuti ndisimbise peji rekufukidza uye siginicha block, kambani yekutengesa yakati gwaro rese raive rakavanzika kulabhoritari uye harigone kugoverwa. Chikonzero chakazove chiri nyore uye chakaipisisa - labhoritari yakanga yapa shanduko kumushumo wekutanga wakadzikisa dhizaini yekamuri mwedzi mitanhatu mushure mebvunzo yekutanga, uye kambani yekutengesa yaisada kuti mutengi aone peji rekugadziriswa. Chibvumirano hachina kubudirira, uye mutengesi akaenda kune mumwe mutengesi ane pepa remagwaro rinoonekera.Mushumo webvunzo wepamutemo unofamba nezvinhu uye unowanikwa kune mutengi wemutengesi pasina muganho.Mutengesi anoramba kugovera zvinhu izvi pamberi pemumiriri wehurumende ndiye mutengesi wekuti asazvigovane.
Maitiro 2 — Kupa mushumo wekare kupfuura makore mashanu pasina kupa bvunzo zvakare.Zvinenge 27% yemapakeji edu akaongororwa aive nedambudziko iri, uye mune zvese zviitiko mhinduro yemutengesi paakapikiswa yaive imwechete - "chiyero hachina kuchinja, mushumo uchiri kushanda." Izvi ndezvechokwadi nezvechiyero asi hazvina basa kune chigadzirwa: rabhoritari yakaedza yuniti chaiyo ine dhizaini chaiyo yemukati, uye kana mutengesi akachinja dhizaini yekamuri kana kuwanikwa kwemagetsi kubva pabvunzo, mushumo hauchashandi. Purojekiti yeCasablanca yevashandi veruzhinji ya2023 yakaita kuti nyaya iyi ive chaiyo kwandiri. Mutengi akabhadhara kutumira kwemayuniti zana nemakumi mashanu achipesana nemushumo webvunzo wemakore manomwe - mushumo wacho waienderana nehunyanzvi papepa, uye mutengesi akapokana akabudirira kuti chiyero pachacho hachina kuchinja. Muongorori wemagetsi wehurumende yeMorocco akaona musiyano wezuva pachiteshi, kutumira kwacho kwakaitwa kwemazuva makumi maviri nemaviri ukuwo bvunzo yakarongwa parabhoritari yeFrance, mutengesi akabvisa mari yekubvisa, uye chirongwa ichi chakatadza kusvika pakupera kwaGumiguru. Mutengo wekuongorora kwekutanga kwekutevedzera mutemo padanho rekotesheni waizove chidimbu chedemurrage nechirango zvakabatanidzwa.Mutengesi akatendeseka achapa bvunzo zvakare, kana kuti achataura zita remhuri yechigadzirwa chisina kuchinja chinoita kuti mushumo wekutanga uve wechokwadi. Mutengesi asina kutendeka achapikisa.
Maitiro 3 — Kuchinja mazita emurabhoritari pakati pemashoko asina tsananguro.Vamwe vatengesi vanotora mashoko kubva kune imwe fekitori uye imwe fekitori yakasiyana kubva kune imwe fekitori, kana kuti vanozochinja kuenda kune imwe lab mushure mekunge lab yekutanga yaratidza kunetseka nezvekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa. Zvese zviri zviviri zviratidzo zvekusava nekugara zvakanaka kwemutengesi izvo mupi wezvinhu achagara nhaka senjodzi yekutevedzera mitemo. Takaona maitiro aya muna 2024 nemutengesi wekuNingbo akatitora mashoko kubva kuLSEE test report ya2023 ye ESE line, ndokuzochinja kuenda ku "European partner laboratory" isina zita rekuti "European partner laboratory" ye2024 quotation pasina tsananguro. Patakabvunza kuti sei zita relab rakachinja, mutengesi akatanga ati lab yekutanga yakanga yarega kuongororwa kweESE (izvo zvaive zvenhema - LSEE yakanga ichiri kushanda), ndokuzoti dhizaini yekamuri yakanga yagadziriswa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvemutengo (izvo zvakazoonekwa kuti ndizvo chaizvo). Lab yekutanga yakanga yaratidza kunetseka nezvekushanda kweionization yekamuri yakagadziriswazve uye yakakumbira kuti iongororwezve; mutengesi akasarudza kutamisa bhizinesi kuenda ku lab isina kuoma pane kubhadhara bvunzo zvakare.Mutengesi akatendeseka ane rabhoritari imwe chete, mushumo mumwe chete, uye mhuri imwe chete yezvigadzirwa - uye ndiyo chete gadziriro inosara mushure meongororo yengozi yeinishuwarenzi panzvimbo yaanoenda.
Sei Kutevedzera Kuiswa Kwacho Kuchisarudzwa Usati Wabatanidza Joint Yekutanga?
Kana magwaro avapo uye ESE arrester yavapo, mubvunzo unotevera wekutevedzera mutemo ndewekuisa. Apa ndipo panopinda vanotenga mumisika yeFrench vanowira mumusungo usingawanikwe muIEC 62305: pasi peNFC 17-102, kuverenga kwekudzivirira-radius, saizi yekudzikisa conductor, chinodiwa chekudzivisa earthing, uye nzvimbo iri pakati pearresters zvese zvinotsanangurwa nechiyero - hazvisi zvekuda kutonga kweinjiniya. Kuisa kusingaenderane nezvinodiwa nechiyero kunokundikana muongororo yeinishuwarenzi kunyangwe ESE pachayo yakasimbiswa zvizere.
Dambudziko guru randinoona mumapurojekiti eFrench nderekuti protection-radius calculation inoshandisa ΔT value kubva padatasheet rekushambadzira pane ΔT value kubva pabvunzo yekuyedza. Maererano neprotection-radius formula Rp = √(2·r·h − h² + ΔL²) apo r iri rolling-sphere radius uye h iri mast height, 25 µs ΔT inopa inenge 45-metres protection radius nepo 60 µs ΔT ichipa anenge 80 metres. Kana mugadziri akashandisa marketing claim (80 metres) asi bvunzo yekuyedza ichiratidza 25 µs (izvo zvingangoreva 45 metres chete), chivako hachina kuchengetedzwa zvakakwana uye kuiswa kwacho hakuenderane nezvinodiwa. Ndakaona nzira iyi yekukundikana ichiitwa pakugadzirisa chipatara muAbidjan muna 2024. ESE pachayo yaive yakasimbiswa zvizere - magwaro akapasiswa pasina dambudziko pamitero - asi nyanzvi yemagetsi yaiisa panzvimbo iyi yaishandisa 25 mm² copper down-conductors panzvimbo pe50 mm² minimum iyo NFC 17-102 inosarudza yekuisa, nekuti tambo ye25 mm² yaive yatove panzvimbo kubva kune rimwe basa uye nguva yekupedzisira yekuiisa yakanga yakavharwa. Kuongorora kweNFC 17-102 pakuiisa kwakakundikana pachikamu che down-conductor, mugadziri aifanira kudhonza zvakare down-conductor yega yega pachivako, uye chirongwa chakarasikirwa nemwedzi miviri panguva yehurongwa hweveruzhinji hwaisava nemwedzi miviri yekurasikirwa. Dambudziko racho raive risiri reESE pachayo - raive rekutonga kwemagwaro chete. Mugadziri aiziva mwero waidiwa we50 mm², asi kumanikidzwa kwepurogiramu kwakamusunda kuti ashandise zvaive zvatova papallet.PaMitemo yeIEC, down-conductor ndiyo chikamu chechipiri chesystem yekudzivirira — ESE ine chitupa che60 µs ΔT inoshanda zvakanaka chete setambo inotakura discharge pasi.
Dambudziko rechipiri rinonyanya kuoneka pakuiswa kwechinhu chinodzikira pasi (down-conductor cross-section) chisingaenderane nezvinodiwa nemutemo. NFC 17-102 inotsanangura kuti chinhu chinodzikira pasi checonductor chinosvika 50 mm² (conductor) kubva kuESE kusvika kumagumo evhu (earth-electrode termination), uye kuti chinhu chinodzikira pasi cheelectrode chinosvika 10 ohms (earth-electrode resistance) pakuisa kwakajairika. Munhu anoisa anomhanya ne25 mm² copper nekuti yakachipa, kana kuti anobvuma kuverenga kwe18 ohms nekuti ivhu harina kunaka, ari kugadzira chinhu chinozokundikana pakuongorora kunyangwe ESE pachayo yakasimbiswa.
Chii Chinodiwa Nevanotenga Zvinhu muAfrica yeFrancophone Chisingawanzodiwi Nevanotenga Zvinhu muEU?
Munhu anotengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika muCôte d'Ivoire, Senegal, Cameroon, kana DRC anotarisana nemagwaro akawanda ayo mutori weEU asingagamuchire. Kambani yemagetsi yemuno munyika zhinji dzemuAfrica dzinotaura chiFrench haizogamuchire mushumo wekuyedza weNFC 17-102 pachayo - inoda kusimbiswa kweSONCAP (Nigeria nedzimwe nyika shoma dzeECOWAS) kana chirongwa cheVoC (Verification of Conformity) chinotungamirwa nesangano rekuongorora seSGS, Bureau Veritas, kana Intertek pakutumira zvinhu panzvimbo yainoenda. Muongororo dzemagwaro zana nemakumi matanhatu nemasere dzatakatambira pakutumira zvinhu muAfrica dzinotaura chiFrench pakati pa2024 na2026, nguva yekubvumidza kweVoC/SONCAP kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo yakaitwa yakaitwa seinotevera: mazuva mapfumbamwe paavhareji ekutumira zvinhu muCôte d'Ivoire kuburikidza neSGS Abidjan, mazuva gumi nerimwe eSenegal kuburikidza neBureau Veritas Dakar, uye mazuva gumi nemana eCameroon kuburikidza neSGS Douala. Mutengo wacho unowanzova chikamu chidiki chemutengo wezvinhu zvinotakura, uye nguva yacho ndiyo inochinja-chinja iyo inokuvadza vanopinza zvinhu vasina kuisa muhurongwa hwavo hwekutumira zvinhu — nguva yekubvisa zvinhu muCôte d'Ivoire kwemazuva mapfumbamwe haisi yekusarudza, asi sisitimu yacho inoshanda sezvakagadzirwa. Munhu anotanga kupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika anofunga kuti mushumo wekuyedza wega wakakwana achawana kontena rake riri pachiteshi chengarava kwenguva iyoyo, richibhadhara mari yakawanda zuva rega rega, uye richirasikirwa nezuva rekupihwa kweprojekiti.
Chinodiwa chechipiri chinotaurwa neFrench-Africa ndechekuti chitupa chakanyoreswa zviri pamutemo neEmbassy. Nyika dzinoverengeka (kunyanya Morocco, Tunisia, neDRC) dzinoda kuti CE ziviso yekushanda uye magwaro ekudzora kugadzirwa kwefekitori zvibvumidzwe zviri pamutemo neEmbassy yeChina uyezve neEmbassy yenyika yauri kuenda kuBeijing magwaro asati agamuchirwa pamitero. Iyi inzira inononoka - kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo kweEmbassy kunogona kuwedzera mavhiki matatu kusvika matanhatu pane yekutanga kutumira, uye munhu anopinza kunze kwenyika asina kuzviita kare anowanzo deredza nguva yekutumira.
Chechitatu ichinyorwa chemutauro wechiFrench pachigadzirwa chacho. Nyika dzinoverengeka (Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal) dzinoda kuti chigadzirwa chive nechinyorwa muchiFrench chine zita remutengesi, referensi yechigadzirwa, uye mwero wekutevedzera mutemo wakatarwa. Mutengesi ane chigadzirwa chinouya nechinyorwa cheChirungu chete anofanira kuchinyora patsva panzvimbo yaanoenda, inova zvikanganiso zvemagwaro izvo muongorori wehurumende yemunharaunda acharatidza pakushanya kwekutanga. Mutengesi akatendeseka achapa template yechinyorwa chemutauro wechiFrench sechikamu chekurongedza kwakajairika.
Rondedzero Yekutarisa Kutevedzera Mutemo weNFC 17-102 Pamberi Pekutumira
Tarisa runyorwa urwu usati wabvumidza kutumirwa kwechinhu chitsva cheESE arrester order. Chinhu chega chega chinofanira kunge chiri HONGU kana kuti chakanyorwa sechisingazivikanwe. Munhu anotengesa zvinhu kunze kwenyika anobata chero chinhu chiri mukoramu ye "KWETE" sechinogamuchirwa ari kuwedzera zvikanganiso mumagwaro ekutakura zvinhu.
Isa chiratidzo pane chimwe nechimwe mushure mekunge wasimbisa nepakeji yemagwaro emutengesi. Zvinhu zvausingakwanise kusimbisa hazvifanirwe kuiswa chiratidzo.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa Nezve NFC 17-102 Compliance kune Vanotenga Zvinhu Kunze Kwenyika
Ndingaziva sei kana mushumo wekuongororwa kweNFC 17-102 uchiripo?
Mushumo wekuyedza weNFC 17-102 hauna zuva rekupera rakajeka papeji rayo rekutanga, asi French accreditation practice (COFRAC) inobata mishumo yerabhoritari yeESE ine voltage yakawanda seyakashanda kwemakore mashanu kubva pazuva rekuburitswa kwemhuri dzezvigadzirwa dzisina kuongororwazve. Kusimbiswa kwechokwadi ndekwekubvunza mutengesi zuva rekuburitswa, nhamba yemushumo, uye kusimbiswa kwekuti mhuri yechigadzirwa iri pamushumo haina kugadziriswazve kubvira ipapo. Kana mushumo wacho wapfuura makore mashanu, kana kana mutengesi akachinja maelectronic emukati kubva pamushumo, unofanirwa kuda bvunzo itsva uchienzanisa neNFC 17-102 yazvino usati watumira kontena yekutanga.
Ndingakwanisa here kupinza ESE lightning arresters kubva kuChina kuenda kuFrance ndisina NFC 17-102 certification?
Pamutemo, France hairambidze kupinzwa kweESE arrester isina chitupa cheNFC 17-102, asi chivako hachizopasa kuongororwa kweConsuel kana kuongororwa kwengozi kwemubatsiri weinishuwarenzi pasina mushumo wekuyedza weNFC 17-102 uripo pachigadzirwa chakaiswa. Muchokwadi, chitupa ichi chinodiwa kune chero kuiswa kunobatanidza nechivakwa cheveruzhinji, nzvimbo yemaindasitiri, kana chero chivakwa chakafukidzwa nemutyairi weinishuwarenzi yekudzivirira mheni. Mapurojekiti chete apo mutengesi anogona kusiya NFC 17-102 inzvimbo dzekugara dzepachivande dziri pasi pemamita gumi pakureba - chikamu chidiki chemusika weESE.
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peNFC 17-102 neIEC 62305 pakuisa ESE?
IEC 62305 ndiyo mwero wepasi rose wekudzivirira mheni uye inobata materminal ese emhepo zvakaenzana - haizivi musimboti weESE wekubatsira kwe emission ye streamer early. NFC 17-102 ndiyo mwero wenyika yeFrance unotsanangura zvakananga kuti materminal emhepo eESE anoedzwa uye anoiswa sei, kusanganisira nguva yepamberi iyo ESE inofanira kuratidza pamusoro peFranklin rod. Purojekiti yakatarwa kuIEC 62305 inogamuchira Franklin rod kana mesh cage; purojekiti yakatarwa kuNFC 17-102 inoda ESE ine mushumo wekuyedza uripo. Vatengesi vekunze vanotengesa muFrench Africa vanowanzo tevera NFC 17-102 nekuti vabatsiri veinishuwarenzi yevatengi vavo vanoida.
Zvinorevei ΔT pamushumo webvunzo weESE uye nei zvichikosha?
ΔT (delta-T) ndiyo mukana wenguva, inoyerwa muma microseconds, iyo ESE air terminal inoratidza pamusoro peFranklin rod iri nyore pasi pemamiriro erabhoritari. NFC 17-102 inoda kuti ESE itange kutungamira kumusoro isati yasvika reference rod, uye rabhoritari inoyera kuti yakambosvika kare - kazhinji pakati pe25 ne60 microseconds zvichienderana nemodhi. ΔT yakakwira inoreva radius yakakura yekudzivirira, nekuti fomura Rp = f(ΔT, h, level yekudzivirira) inoisa ΔT zvakananga mukuverenga kweprotection-radius. Chikonzero chechokwadi nei vanopinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika vanofanira kungwarira: ΔT ye25 µs uchienzaniswa ne60 µs musiyano uripo pakati peprotection radius yeanenge mamita makumi mana nemashanu neimwe yeanenge mamita makumi masere pakukwirira kwakafanana kwe mast - ndiyo hwaro hweinjiniya hwakavakirwa dhizaini yekuisa yemutengi, uye ΔT value isiriyo inoreva kuti chivakwa hachina kudzivirirwa zvakakwana.
Mushumo webvunzo weNFC 17-102 unoshanda kwenguva yakareba sei muFrench Africa?
MuAfrica ine mutauro weFrench (Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, Cameroon, DRC, Morocco, Tunisia) tsika yekushanda kwayo inoenderana negwara reCOFRAC asi haina kunyorwa zviri pamutemo. Vazhinji vanopinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika nevanopa inishuwarenzi yavo vanoona mushumo wemakore mashanu semuganho wepamusoro, uye chero mushumo wekare kupfuura iwoyo unokonzera chikumbiro chekuongororwazve. Dzimwe nyika - kunyanya Morocco pasi peNM 06.1.001 - dzinoshandisa mitemo yadzo yekusimbisa iyo inorema kupfuura makore mashanu. Anopinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika anofanira kubvunza mutengi wekupedzisira kuti ndeipi nyika inoshanda uye kusimbisa zuva rekuburitswa kwemushumo uyu.
Ndinoda bhuku rekushandisa muchiFrench rekushandisa ESE arrester here?
Kune vanoisa muFrance kana nyika yeAfrica ine mutauro wechiFrench inotevera tsika yekuisa NFC 17-102, hongu - bhuku rekuisa panzvimbo rinofanira kuwanikwa muchiFrench kune vanoisa magetsi uye kune Consuel inspector kana kuongororwa kwehurumende yemunharaunda. Bhuku rekuisa reChirungu chete richaratidzwa pakutanga kwekuongorora panzvimbo uye rinoonekwa sechikanganiso chemagwaro kunyangwe ESE pachayo yakasimbiswa zvizere. Anopinza anofanira kukumbira bhuku rekuisa muchiFrench kubva kumutengesi panguva yekotesheni, kwete sekuwedzera pazuva rekutumira.
| Chikamu chakaremara | Mugove wemapakeji akanganiswa | Danho rekusimbisa rinobata pfungwa dzacho |
|---|---|---|
| Bhuku rekushandisa remutauro wechiFrench harisipo | 38% | Kumbira bhuku remutauro wechiFrench panguva yekotesheni, usati wasaina gwaro repamutemo rePO |
| Mushumo webvunzo wapfuura makore mashanu | 27% | Bvisa zuva rekuburitswa kubva papeji rekutanga kana kuti siginicha woenzanisa nerezuva ranhasi |
| Kusawirirana kwereferensi yechigadzirwa (mushumo vs invoice) | 21% | Tarisa SKU iri pamushumo uchienzaniswa neSKU iri painvoice yekutengeserana |
| Mushumo webvunzo kubva kumurabhoritari isina mvumo | 19% | Simbisa zita remurabhoritari riri paDhatabhesi reCOFRACpasi pekuyedzwa kweISO/IEC 17025 |
| Kusaziviswa kweCE kwekushanda kwayo kwakarasika | 14% | Simbisa kuti DoP yakasainwa uye ine zuva, uye zita remugadziri rinoenderana nemushumo wekuyedza |
| Hapana magwaro ekudzora kugadzirwa kwefekitori | 11% | Kumbira chitupa cheISO 9001 negwaro reCPU remufekitori rine referensi imwe chete yechigadzirwa |
Jane YangManeja weKutengesa, Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd.
Makore gumi nemaviri mukudzivirira mheni uye kudzivirira kutengeserana kwekunze · Makore gumi nemanomwe ekugadzira ESE arrester pamusika wekutumira kunze kwenyika weFrench.
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Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-04-2026