Isizathu Sokuba Ndibhale Olu Thelekiso

Bendikwishishini lokukhusela umbane kunye nokumisa umhlaba kangangeminyaka engaphezu kweshumi. Iveki nganye ndithetha nabathengi bamanye amazwe — abakhi bombane, iinjineli zesitishi esincinci, abaphathi beeprojekthi zonxibelelwano — ndigqiba kwelokuba ndikhethe ziphi izinto zentonga yomhlaba. Umbuzo wokuqala uhlala umalunga neendleko zangaphambili. Kodwa emva kweminyaka eli-12 ndinceda abathengi ukuba bafumane yonke into ukusuka kwiintonga zekopolo ukuya kwizinto zokuwelda ezishushu, intonga enexabiso eliphantsi lekhawuntara ayibizi kakhulu ebomini bokufakelwa.

Eli nqaku lichaza ixabiso lokwenyani ngemitha efakiweyo kwiintlobo ezintathu zentonga yomhlaba: intsimbi egqunywe yikopolo (CCS), ubhedu olucocekileyo, kunye nentsimbi egqunywe yi-hot-dip galvanized — ngokusekelwe kwixabiso lezinto, izinto zokufakela, amazinga okugqwala, kunye nedatha yobomi benkonzo esiyilandelelayo kwiSHIBANG. Ukuba ungunjineli obhala iinkcukacha okanye umphathi wokuthenga othelekisa iikowuteshini, le yidatha oyifunayo kwisigqibo esihlala ixesha elide kubomi bonke boyilo lofakelo lwakho.

Izinto Ezintathu Ezisetyenziswa Kwintonga Esemhlabeni Ngokujonga Nje

1. Intonga Yomhlaba Yentsimbi Egqunywe Ngobhedu (CCS)

Iintonga zentsimbi ezigqunywe ngekopolo zenziwe ngesiseko sentsimbi esinomoya ophantsi oqinileyo (umxholo wekhabhoni ~0.15%) kunye nomaleko wekopolo odityaniswe nge-electroforming. Ubumsulwa bekopolo buyi-≥99.95%, kwaye ubukhulu bemaleko obuqhelekileyo buyi-≥0.254 mm.Intonga yomhlaba yentsimbi egqunywe ngobhedu kaSHIBANGumgca, ububanzi buqala kwi-14.2 mm ukuya kwi-25 mm (5/8″ ukuya kwi-3/4″), ubude buqala kwi-1.2 m ukuya kwi-3.0 m, kunye namandla okutsalwa ≥580 N/mm².

Ndisakhumbula ndimi ecaleni komgca wethu wokwenza i-electroforming kumzi-mveliso weSHIBANG, ndibukele iqela leentonga ze-CCS eziyi-16 mm liphuma kwitanki yokubeka iipleyiti. Umsebenzisi ujonga intonga nganye ngeigeyiji yobukhulu bemagnethi— isixhobo esiphathwa ngesandla esifunda ubukhulu bomaleko wobhedu ngokulinganisa ukutsala kwemagnethi ngethusi. Ibhetshi enye yaphawulwa kuba igeyiji yayifundeka kwi-0.248 mm kwincam yokuqhuba — zii-microns ezi-6 kuphela ngaphantsi kwe-0.254 mm spec. Ibhetshi yonke yabuyela ukuze isetyenzwe ngokutsha. Loo ngqeqesho ibalulekile xa intonga iphelela kudongwe oluselunxwemeni kwelinye icala lehlabathi.

Umaleko wobhedu ubonelelaukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokuqhuba kobhedu olucocekileyo phezu komhlaba, ngelixa isiseko sentsimbi sinika amandla oomatshini okuqhubela kumhlaba oxineneyo. Ikhonkco lobhedu-kwintsimbi livavanywa ngokugoba intonga ngama-90° kwi-radius ye-100 mm ngaphandle kokuqhekeka okanye ukwahlukana. Ubomi benkonzo kumhlaba oqhelekileyo budlula iminyaka engama-50. Olu dibaniso yingakho i-CCS iyinkcazo emiselweyo yomhlaba kwihlabathi liphela.

2. Intonga Engangxengwanga Yobhedu Olucocekileyo

Iintonga zobhedu ezicocekileyo zisebenzisa ubhedu lwe-T2 (≥99.95% olucocekileyo).Intonga yobhedu olusulungekileyo lukaSHIBANGiphepha, kukho ukhetho olufanayo lobubanzi nobude njengeCCS. Kodwa ubhedu lubiza kakhulu kunentsimbi ngekhilogram nganye. Intonga yobhedu eqinileyo inika ukumelana okuphantsi kobubanzi obunikiweyo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokugqwala kwimihlaba enamandla. Nangona kunjalo, ubhedu olucocekileyo luthambile — ukutyhala kumhlaba onamatye okanye oxineneyo kusemngciphekweni wokugoba okanye ukubola isiphelo, yiyo loo nto abakhi abaninzi bebhola imingxuma yovavanyo ngaphambi kokuba ibholwe. Loo msebenzi wongezelelekileyo wongeza kwixabiso lezinto ezikhoyo.

Omnye umakhi waseManila wakha wanditsalela umnxeba, edanile kukuba iintonga ze-galvanized kwinqaba yakhe ye-telecom eyayisecaleni kwentaba zazigqwalile emva kweminyaka emi-4 kuphela zenziwe ngodaka oluselunxwemeni. Ukutshintshwa kwafuna ukumbiwa kufutshane nesiseko sekhonkrithi esisebenzayo. Umsebenzi wodwa udlule oko iintonga ze-CCS bezinokubiza kwangaphambili. “Bekufanele ukuba ndinike ingqalelo kwidatha yokutshiza ityuwa ondibonise yona,” wavuma. Loo fowuni yandichukumisa — yingakho ndibuza wonke umthengi ngeemeko zomhlaba kuqala.

3. Intonga yoMhlaba yeNtsimbi eDibhiweyo neHot-Dip

Iintonga zentsimbi ezigayiweyo ziyintsimbi ekhabhoni ephantsi ene-zinc coating efakwe kwi-hot-dip galvanizing. Umaleko we-zinc ubonelela ngokhuseleko olubi — uqala ngokubola, ukhusele intsimbi engaphantsi.Intonga yomhlaba egqunywe nge-galvanized kaSHIBANGumgca wemveliso, ezi ntonga zabelana ngobukhulu obufanayo kodwa zinexabiso eliphantsi leyunithi phakathi kwezo ndlela zintathu.

Ubukhulu bengubo ye-zinc buhlala buqala kwi-55 ukuya kwi-85 µm. Kumhlaba we-pH engathathi cala one-drainage elungileyo, intonga ye-galvanized ingahlala iminyaka eli-15-25. Kodwa kumhlaba one-asidi (pH engaphantsi kwe-5.5) okanye kwiindawo ezinetyuwa, umaleko we-zinc ungatyiwa kwiminyaka emi-5-8, emva koko intsimbi engundoqo ibola ngokukhawuleza. Ndizibonile iintonga ze-galvanized zitsalwa kwiiprojekthi zaselunxwemeni emva kweminyaka emi-6 kuphela i-zinc iphelile. Siqhuba yonke ibhetshi yethuigumbi lokutshiza ityuwakwi-5% ye-NaCl ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-72 — olo vavanyo lubonisa imingxunya ekwi-zinc coating engenakubanjwa luhlolo olubonakalayo.

Iintonga zentsimbi ezigayiweyo zinezicelo ezifanelekileyo. Ulwakhiwo lwexeshana, iiprojekthi zexesha elifutshane (ubude boyilo lweminyaka emi-5-10), kunye neendawo ezomileyo zangaphakathi ezinomhlaba we-pH ongathathi cala zonke zizinto ezifanelekileyo zokusetyenziswa. Ndicebisa abathengi ukuba bangakhankanyi i-galvanized kwiindawo ezinemvula yonyaka engaphezulu kwama-800 mm, iindawo ezikunxweme ezikumgama we-15 km ukusuka emanzini anetyuwa, okanye kwiindawo zoshishino ezichaphazeleka ngamakhemikhali.intonga yomhlaba egalelwe ngesinyithiyimveliso eqinileyo xa isicelo sifanelekile.

Ixabiso leNtonga yoMhlaba ngeMitha eFakiweyo: Amanani

Apha ngezantsi kukho uthelekiso lweendleko oluhambelanayo olusekelwe kwidatha yethu yokuthumela ngaphandle eSHIBANG kunye nempendulo yokufakela evela kubathengi kulo lonke elaseMzantsi-mpuma Asia, eMbindi Mpuma, eAfrika, naseMzantsi Melika.

Into ephambili ekufuneka uyithathe:Iintambo zeCCS zixabisa malunga nexabiso elifanayo ngemitha nganye njengentsimbi ye-galvanized xa kutshintshwa iminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 - kwaye ziyakusindisa kumsebenzi wokumba iintambo ezibolileyo. Ubhedu olucocekileyo lunengqiqo kuphela xa umniniyo efuna ubomi obungadingi kugcinwa bungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60 okanye xa umhlaba unamandla kakhulu nokuba ungafakwa kwi-CCS cladding.

Uhlalutyo lweendleko ezifakiweyo ngokwezinto eziphathekayo

Intsimbi Egqunywe Ngobhedu — Ukhetho Olulinganiselayo

I-copper cladding encinci ye-0.254 mm inika ukumelana nokugqwala okufana nobhedu olucocekileyo kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala. Intsimbi engundoqo iyenza ibe lukhuni ngokwaneleyo ukuba iqhutywe ngqo ngaphandle kokugrumba kwangaphambili kumhlaba omninzi. Ii-couplers ezinemisonto zivumela ukudibanisa amacandelo amaninzi ukufikelela kubunzulu be-6 m okanye ngaphezulu kwizikhululo ze-high-voltage.intonga yomhlaba yentsimbi egqunywe ngobheduImpazamo yokuthe tye yi ≤1 mm/m — ibaluleke kakhulu xa uqhuba usiya nzulu, kuba intonga egobileyo ijika phantsi komhlaba.

Ndilandelele iiprojekthi apho iintonga zeCCS zahlolwa khona emva kweminyaka eli-15 kudongwe oluselunxwemeni. Ugqunywe lobhedu lwahlala lungaphazanyiswa kwi-95+% yomphezulu. Ukukrweleka kwendawo ngenxa yokuqhuba kwakubonisa kuphela umhlwa ongaphezulu kwintsimbi eveziweyo. Intonga yayisasebenza ngokupheleleyo. Loo msebenzi wokwenyani yingakho iCCS ithatha i-80% yee-odolo zethu zokuthumela ngaphandle, zixhaswa yimveliso eqinisekisiweyo ye-ISO 9001:2008 kumzi-mveliso wethu.

Ubhedu Olucocekileyo — Xa Ixabiso Lezinto Eziphathekayo Lingaphantsi Kobomi Bonke

Ndithengisa iintonga zobhedu ezicocekileyo ezimbalwa kuneCCS, kodwa abathengi abazikhethayo banezizathu ezithile. Amaqonga angaphandle kolwandle, izityalo zokukhupha ityuwa elunxwemeni, kunye neendawo zeekhemikhali zihlala zichaza ubhedu olucocekileyo kuba isithuba sokulungisa sincinci kakhulu - ukuba intonga ayisebenzi, iindleko zokuvala imveliso ukuze ithathe indawo yayo zinkulu kakhulu.

Kwi-array yeentonga ezi-3 kwi-2.4 m nganye, ukukhetha ubhedu olucocekileyo kune-CCS kongeza iprimiyamu engabalulekanga kwisitishi esikhulu kodwa kunzima ukuyithethelela kwinqaba encinci ye-telecom.intonga yomhlaba yobhedu olusulungekileyoiveliswa ngee-ingots zekopolo ze-T2 ezinokulandeleka ngokupheleleyo kwezinto, kwaye sinikezela ngeziqinisekiso zomatshini wokugaya kuyo yonke imithwalo ethunyelwa ngaphandle. Intonga nganye idlula kuhlolo olubonakalayo nolunemilinganiselo ngaphambi kokuba ipakishwe — ndiyagxininisa koku kuba iodolo yobhedu olucocekileyo lutyalo-mali olukhulu, kwaye umthengi kufuneka azi kakuhle ukuba ufumana ntoni ukusuka kwintonga yokuqala ukuya kweyokugqibela.

Intsimbi Egalelweyo — Ixabiso Eliphantsi Ngaphambili, Ixabiso Eliphezulu Lobomi

Ndifuna ukunyaniseka ngentsimbi ye-galvanized kuba ndibone iiprojekthi ezininzi apho isigqibo sokuqala sokonga iindleko sakhokelela ekulungisweni okubizayo emva kweminyaka elishumi. Itheyibhile engentla icinga ukuba enye itshintshiwe kwiminyaka engama-50, kodwa iindleko zokutshintshwa zidlula intonga ngokwayo - ukumba, ukuqhuba ngokutsha, ukunxibelelana kwakhona, kunye nokuvavanya. Kwiimarike eziphuhlileyo, abasebenzi bodwa banokudlula iindleko zentonga izihlandlo ezininzi.intonga yomhlaba egalelwe ngesinyithiyimveliso eqinileyo, kodwa kuphela xa usazi ukuba isicelo siyafanelana.

Izinto Ezitshintsha I-Cost Equation

Ukumelana Nomhlaba

Ukumelana nomhlaba yeyona nto itshintsha kakhulu.Umgangatho we-IEEE 81-2012inika iindlela zokulinganisa. Intonga kumhlaba we-100 Ω·m (oqhelekileyo we-loam) ifikelela kwinxalenye yokuxhathisa kwentonga efanayo kumhlaba we-1,000 Ω·m (igrabile yesanti eyomileyo). Izinto ezisebenzisa umbane ophantsi njengentsimbi egqunyiweyo zinokufuna iintonga ezingaphezulu okanye ukuqhuba nzulu ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nomgomo, nto leyo esusa nayiphi na inzuzo yeendleko zangaphambili. Ndihlala ndicela abathengi idatha yokumelana nomhlaba ngaphambi kokuba ndicebise, kuba le parameter itshintsha ukhetho olufanelekileyo ngokupheleleyo.

Iimeko zokuqhuba

Umhlaba onamatye uyawutshintsha uqoqosho. Ukuba umninimzi kufuneka aqale agrumbe, iindleko zomsebenzi ziyanda kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwentonga. Ubhedu olucocekileyo lolona luchaphazeleka kakhulu kuba lugoba lula ngakumbi — Ndakha ndafumana impahla evela kumninimzi waseKenya owazama ukuqhuba iintonga zobhedu eziqinileyo ezingama-20 mm kwi-laterite waza wagoba iintonga ezintathu ngaphakathi kwe-50 cm yokuqala. Iintambo zeCCS zisingatha impembelelo ngcono kakhulu kuba umbindi wentsimbi ufunxa amandla ehamile ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kweplastiki. Kumhlaba onomxholo omkhulu wamatye, sicebisa ukuba uqale ngentonga yeCCS enesiqwenga esinencam yokuqhuba eqinileyo. Yongeza umrhumo omncinci ngentonga nganye, kodwa ithintela ukusilela okuqhelekileyo kokufakelwa esikubonayo kwiiodolo zethu zokuthumela ngaphandle.

Iimfuneko zeKhowudi

Iikhowudi zombane zesizwe ziziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo izinto zentonga yomhlaba.I-NEC (NFPA 70)e-US ifuna ukumelana nomhlaba we-25 Ω okanye ngaphantsi kwintonga enye. Imigangatho yaseYurophu phantsi kwe-IEC 60364 ichaza ubuncinci bobukhulu be-copper-bond ukuze umhlaba uqine ngonaphakade.Umgangatho we-IEC 62561-2igubungela iimfuno zee-electrode zomhlaba kwiinkqubo zokukhusela umbane. Ukujonga iimfuno zekhowudi yendawo kubalulekile, kwaye ndinceda abathengi bethu ukuba bazisebenzise njengenxalenye yenkxaso yangaphambi kokuthengisa.

Indlela Endijongana Ngayo Nokukhethwa Kwentonga Yomhlaba Kubathengi Bethu

Xa umthengi omtsha endifowunela ngemibuzo yentonga yomhlaba, ndibuza imibuzo emithathu:

1. Luhlobo luni lomhlaba kwaye lunjani ukumelana nawo?— Ukuba abanalo uphando, ndiqikelela ngokusekelwe kwidatha yejoloji yengingqi.
2. Iyintoni ubomi boyilo?— Izitishi ezincinci kunye neenqaba zonxibelelwano zifuna iminyaka engama-30-50. Iindawo zexeshana zinokufuna kuphela i-5-10.
3. Ingaba inkqubo yokumisa umhlaba iyafikeleleka?— Izinto ezingcwatywe phantsi kwekhonkrithi zihlala zihleli; iintonga ezikwindawo efikelelekayo zingavavanywa kwaye zitshintshwe.

Ngokusekelwe kwiimpendulo zabo, ndincoma izihlandlo ezisi-8 kwezili-10iintonga zomhlaba zentsimbi ezigqunywe ngobheduUkuba unobungozi obukhulu bokugqwala okanye ixesha elide loyilo, ndiyacebisa ukubaiintonga zomhlaba zobhedu olucocekileyo. Iintonga zentsimbi eziqinisiweyozigcinelwe ukufakelwa okwethutyana okanye iiprojekthi ezinqongopheleyo apho umniniyo amkela umngcipheko wokutshintshwa.

Ngaphaya kwentonga, inkqubo yokumisa iquka ii-couplers, izixhobo zokuwelda eziphuma exothermic, ii-grounding conductors, kunye nee-test clamps.Iphepha lodidi lweNtonga yoMhlaba kunye neNtonga yoMhlabaigubungela ezi zinto. Ndikwabhale ngazoiintonga ezidityaniswe ngobhedu ezifakelwe kwizicelo zokwakhakwayeimivalo yentsimbi exineneyo ephezulu yeenkqubo zokumba umhlabanjengezixhobo ezincedisayo zeenjineli eziyila izisombululo ezipheleleyo zokumisa umhlaba.

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