Kungani Ngibhale Lokhu Kuqhathanisa

Bengilokhu ngisebenza embonini yokuvikela umbani kanye nokufaka isisekelo iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi. Njalo ngesonto ngikhuluma nabathengi baphesheya kwezilwandle — osonkontileka bakagesi, onjiniyela beziteshi ezincane, abaphathi bephrojekthi yezokuxhumana — nginquma ukuthi yiziphi izinto zenduku yomhlaba engizozichaza. Umbuzo wokuqala uhlala umayelana nezindleko zangaphambilini. Kodwa ngemva kweminyaka eyi-12 ngisiza amakhasimende ukuthola yonke into kusukela ezindongeni zethusi kuya ezintweni zokushisela ezishisayo, induku enentengo ephansi kakhulu ayiyona eyonga kakhulu empilweni yokufakwa.

Lesi sihloko sichaza izindleko zangempela ngemitha efakiwe yezinhlobo ezintathu zenduku egayiwe: insimbi embozwe ngethusi (CCS), ithusi elimsulwa, kanye nensimbi embozwe ngethusi eshisayo — ngokusekelwe ezindleleni zezinto zokwakha, izici zokufaka, amazinga okugqwala, kanye nedatha yempilo yesevisi esiyilandelela kwa-SHIBANG. Uma ungunjiniyela obhala imininingwane noma umphathi wokuthenga oqhathanisa izingcaphuno, lena yidatha oyidingayo ukuze uthole isinqumo esihlala isikhathi eside empilweni yokuklama yokufakwa kwakho.

Izinto Zenduku Ezintathu Ezisemhlabathini Ngokushesha

1. Induku Yomhlabathi Yensimbi Embozwe Ngethusi (CCS)

Izinduku zensimbi ezimbozwe ngethusi ziqukethe umongo wensimbi enamandla aphezulu enekhabhoni ephansi (okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ~0.15%) onesendlalelo sethusi esiboshwe nge-electroforming. Ubumsulwa bethusi bungu-≥99.95%, kanti ubukhulu besendlalelo obujwayelekile bungu-≥0.254 mm.Induku yomhlabathi yensimbi embozwe ngethusi kaSHIBANGumugqa, ububanzi busukela ku-14.2 mm kuya ku-25 mm (5/8″ kuya ku-3/4″), ubude busukela ku-1.2 m kuya ku-3.0 m, kanye namandla okudonsa ≥580 N/mm².

Ngisakhumbula ngimi eduze komugqa wethu we-electroforming efektri kaSHIBANG, ngibuka iqembu lezinduku ze-CCS ezingu-16 mm liphuma ethangini lokufaka izinsimbi. Umqhubi uhlola induku ngayinye nge-igeyiji yobukhulu obungumagnetic— idivayisi ephathwayo efunda ubukhulu bezendlalelo zethusi ngokulinganisa ukukhanga kukazibuthe ngethusi. Ibhetshi elilodwa labekwa uphawu ngoba igeyiji ifunde u-0.248 mm esicongweni sokushayela — ama-micron ayi-6 kuphela ngaphansi kwe-0.254 mm spec. Ibhetshi lonke labuyela emuva ukuze liphinde lisetshenziswe. Lokho kuqeqeshwa kubalulekile lapho induku iphelela odakeni olusogwini kolunye uhlangothi lomhlaba.

Isendlalelo sethusi sihlinzekaukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokuqhuba kwethusi elihlanzekile ebusweni, kuyilapho ingaphakathi lensimbi linikeza amandla okusebenza ukuze lishayele enhlabathini exineneyo. Isibopho sethusi nensimbi sivivinywa ngokugoba induku ngo-90° endaweni engama-100 mm ngaphandle kokuphuka noma ukuhlukanisa. Impilo yesevisi enhlabathini evamile idlula iminyaka engama-50. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa yingakho i-CCS iyincazelo ezenzakalelayo yokumba umhlaba emhlabeni jikelele.

2. Induku Yomhlaba Yethusi Ehlanzekile

Izinduku zethusi ezihlanzekile zisebenzisa ithusi le-T2 (elimsulwa ≥99.95%).Induku egayiwe yethusi emsulwa kaSHIBANGikhasi, izinketho ezifanayo zobubanzi nobude njenge-CCS ziyatholakala. Kodwa ithusi libiza kakhulu kunensimbi ngekhilogramu ngayinye. Induku yethusi eqinile inikeza ukumelana okuphansi kakhulu kobubanzi obunikeziwe, ngokusebenza kahle kokugqwala enhlabathini enolaka. Kodwa-ke, ithusi elimsulwa lithambile — ukushayela enhlabathini enamatshe noma ehlanganisiwe kuyingozi yokugoba noma ukubola ekugcineni, yingakho osonkontileka abaningi bebhoboza imigodi yokuhlola kusengaphambili. Lowo msebenzi owengeziwe unezela ezindlekweni zezinto zokwakha eziphakeme kakade.

Umakhi waseManila wake wangishayela ucingo, ekhungathekile ukuthi izinduku zikagesi embhoshongweni wakhe wezokuxhumana ogwini lwasegqumeni zase zigqwalile ngemva kweminyaka emine kuphela edakeni lolwandle. Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwadinga ukumbiwa eduze kwesisekelo sekhonkrithi esisebenzayo. Umsebenzi wodwa udlule lokho okwakuzobiza izinduku ze-CCS kusengaphambili. “Bekufanele nginake idatha yokufutha usawoti ongibonise yona,” evuma. Lolo cingo lwangithinta - yingakho ngibuza wonke amakhasimende ngezimo zenhlabathi kuqala.

3. Induku Yomhlabathi Yensimbi Egqitshwe Ngokushisa

Izinduku zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe ziyinsimbi ephansi yekhabhoni ene-zinc coating esetshenziswa nge-hot-dip galvanizing. Ingqimba ye-zinc inikeza isivikelo sokuzidela — iyabola kuqala, ivikele insimbi engaphansi.Induku yomhlabathi kaSHIBANG eboshwe nge-galvanizedumugqa womkhiqizo, lezi zinduku zabelana ngobukhulu obufanayo kodwa zinentengo ephansi kakhulu phakathi kwezinketho ezintathu.

Ubukhulu be-zinc coating buvame ukusuka ku-55 kuya ku-85 µm. Enhlabathini engathathi hlangothi ene-pH enomsele omuhle wokukhipha amanzi, induku ehlanganisiwe ingahlala iminyaka eyi-15-25. Kodwa enhlabathini ene-acidic (pH engaphansi kuka-5.5) noma ezindaweni ezinosawoti, ungqimba lwe-zinc lungadliwa zingakapheli iminyaka emi-5-8, ngemva kwalokho insimbi eyinhloko ibola ngokushesha. Ngibone izintambo ezihlanganisiwe zikhishwa kumaphrojekthi asogwini ngemva kweminyaka eyi-6 kuphela i-zinc isusiwe ngokuphelele. Sisebenzisa yonke inqwaba yethuigumbi lokufafaza usawotiku-5% NaCl okungenani amahora angu-72 — lokho kuhlola kwembula imigodi embotsheni ye-zinc okungekho ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo okungake kubambe.

Izinduku zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe zinezicelo ezisemthethweni. Ukufakwa kwesisekelo kwesikhashana kokwakha, amaphrojekthi esikhathi esifushane (iminyaka emi-5-10 yokuklama), kanye nezindawo ezomile zangaphakathi ezinenhlabathi ye-pH engathathi hlangothi konke kuyizinto ezifanelekile zokusetshenziswa. Ngiyeluleka abathengi ukuthi bangacacisi ukufakwa kwe-galvanized okuhlala njalo ezindaweni ezinemvula yaminyaka yonke engaphezu kwama-800 mm, izindawo ezisogwini ezingaphakathi kwamakhilomitha ayi-15 ukusuka emanzini anosawoti, noma ezindaweni zezimboni ezichayeke kumakhemikhali.induku yomhlabathi eqiniswe nge-galvanizedkungumkhiqizo oqinile uma isicelo sifanelana.

Izindleko Zenduku Yomhlabathi Ngemitha Efakiwe: Izinombolo

Ngezansi ukuqhathanisa izindleko okuhlobene okusekelwe kudatha yethu yokuthumela ngaphandle kwaseSHIBANG kanye nempendulo yokufaka evela kumakhasimende kulo lonke elaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, e-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika.

Okubalulekile:Izinduku ze-CCS zibiza cishe imitha elilodwa njengensimbi egayiwe uma kufakwa ezinye esikhundleni seminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 - futhi zikusindisa umsebenzi wokumba izinduku ezibolile. Ithusi elimsulwa linengqondo kuphela uma umnikazi edinga impilo yokunakekelwa okungaphezu kweminyaka engu-60 noma lapho inhlabathi inamandla kakhulu ngisho noma ingasetshenziswa yi-CCS.

Ukwahlukaniswa Kwezindleko Ezifakiwe Ngokwezinto Ezibalulekile

Insimbi Embozwe Ngethusi — Ukukhetha Okulinganiselwe

Isembozo sethusi esincane esingu-0.254 mm sinikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okufana nethusi elihlanzekile emashumini eminyaka ambalwa okuqala. Ingaphakathi lensimbi lenza libe lukhuni ngokwanele ukushayela ngqo ngaphandle kokubhoboza kusengaphambili enhlabathini eminingi. Ama-couplers anezintambo avumela ukujoyina izingxenye eziningi ukuze kufinyelelwe ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-6 noma ngaphezulu kweziteshi ezingaphansi kwamandla aphezulu.induku yomhlabathi yensimbi embozwe ngethusiIphutha lokuqondisa lingu-≤1 mm/m — libalulekile uma ushayela ujule, ngoba induku egobile iyaphambuka ngaphansi komhlaba.

Ngilandelele amaphrojekthi lapho izinduku ze-CCS zahlolwa khona ngemva kweminyaka eyi-15 ngobumba olusogwini. Ukumbozwa kwethusi kwahlala kuphelele ku-95+% wobuso. Ukuklwebheka kwendawo okuvela ekushayeleni kwakubonisa ukugqwala okungaphezulu kuphela ensimbini eveziwe. Induku yayisasebenza ngokugcwele. Lokho kusebenza kwangempela yingakho i-CCS ibala u-80% wama-oda ethu okuthumela kwamanye amazwe, okusekelwa ukukhiqizwa okuqinisekisiwe kwe-ISO 9001:2008 efektri yethu.

Ithusi Elihlanzekile — Lapho Izindleko Zezinto Zilandela Impilo Yonke

Ngithengisa izinduku zethusi ezimsulwa ezimbalwa kune-CCS, kodwa abathengi abazikhethayo banezizathu ezithile. Amapulatifomu asogwini lolwandle, izitshalo zokususa usawoti ogwini, kanye nezindawo zamakhemikhali zivame ukucacisa ithusi elimsulwa ngoba ifasitela lokulungisa lincane kakhulu - uma induku yehluleka ukusebenza, izindleko zokuvala ukukhiqizwa ukuze kuthathelwe indawo zinkulu kakhulu.

Kuhlu lwezinduku ezintathu olunobude obungu-2.4 m, ukukhetha ithusi elimsulwa kune-CCS kunezela i-premium engabalulekanga ngesiteshi esikhulu kodwa kunzima ukuyithethelela ngombhoshongo omncane wezokuxhumana.induku yomhlabathi yethusi emsulwaikhiqizwa ngama-ingot ethusi e-T2 anokulandelela okugcwele kwezinto, futhi sinikeza izitifiketi zokugaya ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Induku ngayinye idlula ekuhlolweni okubonakalayo nobukhulu ngaphambi kokupakisha — Ngigcizelela lokhu ngoba i-oda lethusi elimsulwa liwutshalomali olukhulu, futhi umthengi udinga ukwazi kahle ukuthi uthola ini kusukela endukwini yokuqala kuya kowokugcina.

Insimbi Egayiwe — Izindleko Eziphansi Ngaphambili, Izindleko Eziphakeme Zokuphila Konke

Ngifuna ukwethembeka ngensimbi ekhandiwe ngoba ngibone amaphrojekthi amaningi kakhulu lapho isinqumo sokuqala sokonga izindleko saholela ekulungisweni okubizayo eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva. Ithebula elingenhla licabanga ukuthi enye izoshintshwa eminyakeni engama-50, kodwa izindleko zokushintsha zidlula induku uqobo — ukumba, ukushayela kabusha, ukuxhuma kabusha, kanye nokuhlola. Ezimakethe ezithuthukile, abasebenzi bodwa bangadlula izindleko zenduku izikhathi eziningana.induku yomhlabathi eqiniswe nge-galvanizedkungumkhiqizo oqinile, kodwa kuphela uma wazi ukuthi uhlelo lokusebenza lufanelekile.

Izici Ezishintsha Isilinganiso Sezindleko

Ukumelana Nenhlabathi

Ukumelana nenhlabathi yikona okuguquguqukayo okukhulu kakhulu.Izinga elijwayelekile le-IEEE 81-2012inikeza izindlela zokulinganisa. Induku enhlabathini engu-100 Ω·m (i-loam ejwayelekile) ifinyelela ingxenye encane yokumelana kwenduku efanayo enhlabathini engu-1,000 Ω·m (itshe eliyisihlabathi elomile). Izinto zokwakha ezisebenzisa ugesi ophansi njengensimbi ehlanganisiwe zingadinga izinduku ezengeziwe noma ukushayela okujulile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nomgomo, kususwe noma iyiphi inzuzo yezindleko zangaphambilini. Ngihlala ngicela amakhasimende idatha yokumelana nenhlabathi ngaphambi kokuncoma, ngoba le pharamitha eyodwa ishintsha ukukhetha okuhle ngokuphelele.

Izimo Zokushayela

Inhlabathi enamatshe iyashintsha ezomnotho. Uma unkontileka kumele abhole kusengaphambili, izindleko zabasebenzi ziyanda kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwenduku. Ithusi elimsulwa yilona elithinteka kakhulu ngoba ligoba kalula — Ngake ngathunyelwa ngunkontileka eKenya owazama ukushayela izinduku zethusi eziqinile ezingama-20 mm zibe yi-laterite futhi wagoba izinduku ezintathu ngaphakathi kwama-50 cm okuqala. Izinduku ze-CCS zibhekana nokushaya okungcono kakhulu ngoba umongo wensimbi umunca amandla e-hammer ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki. Ngomhlabathi onokuqukethwe okukhulu kwedwala, sincoma ukuqala ngenduku ye-CCS eyingxenye efakwe ithiphu lokushayela eliqinile. Ingeza ukushaja okuncane ngenduku ngayinye, kodwa ivimbela ukwehluleka kokufakwa okuvamile esikubona kuwo wonke ama-oda ethu okuthumela ngaphandle.

Izidingo Zekhodi

Amakhodi kagesi kazwelonke aphatha izinto zenduku yomhlabathi ngendlela ehlukile.I-NEC (NFPA 70)e-US kudinga ukumelana nomhlabathi ongu-25 Ω noma ngaphansi kwenduku eyodwa. Izindinganiso zaseYurophu ngaphansi kwe-IEC 60364 zichaza ubukhulu obuncane be-copper-bond ukuze kufakwe umhlabathi unomphela.Izinga le-IEC 62561-2ihlanganisa izidingo zama-electrode omhlaba ezinhlelweni zokuvikela umbani. Ukuhlola izidingo zekhodi yendawo kubalulekile, futhi ngisiza amakhasimende ethu ukuthi abhekane nazo njengengxenye yokusekela kwangaphambi kokuthengisa.

Indlela Engibhekana Ngayo Nokukhethwa Kwenduku Yomhlabathi Kumakhasimende Ethu

Uma iklayenti elisha lingithinta ngemibuzo yenduku yomhlabathi, ngibuza imibuzo emithathu:

1. Luhlobo luni lomhlabathi kanye nokumelana kwawo?— Uma bengenayo inhlolovo, ngilinganisela ngokusekelwe kudatha yesifunda yejiyoloji.
2. Iyini impilo yokuklama?— Iziteshi ezincane kanye nemibhoshongo yezokuxhumana idinga iminyaka engama-30-50. Izindawo zesikhashana zingadinga kuphela ama-5-10.
3. Ingabe uhlelo lokufaka umhlabathi luyatholakala?— Okungcwatshwe ngaphansi kwekhonkrithi kuhlala njalo; izinduku emgodini ofinyeleleka kalula zingahlolwa futhi zifakwe ezinye.

Ngokusekelwe ezimpendulweni zabo, ngincoma izikhathi ezingu-8 kwezingu-10izinduku zomhlabathi zensimbi ezimbozwe ngethusi. Uma unengozi enkulu yokugqwala noma isikhathi eside kakhulu sokuklama, ngincoma ukuthiizinduku ezicwengekile zethusi. Izinduku zensimbi eziqinisiwezigcinelwe ukufakwa kwesikhashana noma amaphrojekthi ancishisiwe isabelomali lapho umnikazi amukela khona ingozi yokushintshwa.

Ngale kwenduku, uhlelo lokumisa luhlanganisa ama-couplers, izinto zokushisela ze-exothermic, ama-grounding conductors, kanye nama-test clamps.Ikhasi lesigaba seNtonga Yomhlabathi kanye neNtonga Yomhlabaihlanganisa lokhu. Ngibhale futhi mayelanaizinduku eziboshwe ngethusi ezifakwe intambo zezicelo zokwakhafuthiimigoqo yensimbi eqine kakhulu yezinhlelo zokumba umhlabanjengezinsizakusebenza ezihambisanayo zonjiniyela abaklama izixazululo eziphelele zokusekela phansi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa