Impamvu nanditse iyi gereranya

Maze imyaka irenga icumi nkora akazi ko kurinda inkuba no gusimbuza amashanyarazi. Buri cyumweru mvugana n'abaguzi bo mu mahanga - ba rwiyemezamirimo b'amashanyarazi, injeniyeri za sitasiyo, abayobozi b'imishinga y'itumanaho - mfata icyemezo ku bikoresho by'inkoni yo hasi ngomba kuvuga. Ikibazo cya mbere gihora kijyanye n'igiciro cya mbere. Ariko nyuma y'imyaka 12 mfasha abakiriya gushaka ibintu byose kuva ku nkoni z'umuringa kugeza ku bikoresho byo gusudira bikozwe mu buryo bwa exothermic, inkoni ifite igiciro gito cyane ntabwo ari yo ihendutse cyane mu gihe cyose cyo kuyishyiraho.

Iyi ngingo isobanura ikiguzi nyacyo kuri buri metero ishyirwamo ku bwoko butatu bw'icyuma gikozwe mu butaka: icyuma gikozwe mu muringa (CCS), umuringa woroshye, n'icyuma gishyushye gikozwe mu cyuma gishyushye — hashingiwe ku kiguzi cy'ibikoresho, ibintu byo gushyiraho, igipimo cya ingese, n'igihe serivisi ikorerwamo dukurikirana muri SHIBANG. Niba uri injeniyeri wandika ibisobanuro cyangwa ushinzwe amasoko ugereranya ibiciro, aya ni yo makuru ukeneye kugira ngo ufate icyemezo kizakomeza igihe cyose cyo gushyiraho kwawe.

Ibikoresho bitatu by'Inkoni yo hasi mu buryo burambuye

1. Inkoni y'icyuma gikozwe mu muringa (CCS)

Inkoni z'icyuma zipfutse mu muringa zigizwe n'icyuma gikomeye cyane gifite karuboni nkeya (ibipimo bya karuboni ~0.15%) gifite urwego rw'umuringa rufatanye binyuze mu gushushanya. Ubuziranenge bw'umuringa ni ≥99.95%, kandi ubugari bw'urwego rusanzwe ni ≥0.254 mm.Inkoni y'icyuma gipfundikiye ya SHIBANG ifite umuringaumurongo, uburebure buri hagati ya mm 14.2 na mm 25 (5/8″ kugeza 3/4″), uburebure buri hagati ya metero 1.2 na metero 3.0, n'imbaraga zo gukurura ≥580 N/mm².

Ndibuka mpagaze iruhande rw'umuyoboro wacu wo gushushanya amashanyarazi ku ruganda rwa SHIBANG, ndeba itsinda ry'inkoni za CCS za mm 16 zisohoka mu kigega cyo gupfuka. Umukoresha agenzura buri nkoni akoreshejeigipimo cy'ubunini bwa magnetic— igikoresho gikoreshwa mu ntoki gipima ubunini bw'urwego rw'umuringa gipima imbaraga rukuruzi zinyuze mu muringa. Itsinda rimwe ryashyizwe ku kamenyetso kuko igipimo cyapimaga mm 0.248 ku mpera y'aho gitembera — mikoroni 6 gusa munsi ya mm 0.254. Itsinda ryose ryasubiye inyuma kugira ngo rikoreshwe. Ubwo buryo ni ingenzi iyo inkoni irangiye mu ibumba ryo ku nkombe z'inyanja ku rundi ruhande rw'isi.

Urukuta rw'umuringa rutangakurwanya ingese no gutwara umuringa w’umwimerere hejuru y’ubutaka, mu gihe igice cy'imbere cy'icyuma gitanga imbaraga za mekanike zo gutwara mu butaka bunini. Ihuriro hagati y'umuringa n'icyuma rigeragezwa hakoreshejwe gupfunyika inkoni kuri 90° ku murambararo wa mm 100 nta kuvunika cyangwa gucikamo ibice. Igihe cyo gukoresha mu butaka busanzwe kirenga imyaka 50. Iyi mvange niyo mpamvu CCS ari yo igenamiterere ry'ubutaka ku isi yose.

2. Inkoni y'umuringa w'icyatsi kibisi

Inkoni z'umuringa w'umwimerere zikoresha umuringa wa T2 (≥99.95% w'umwimerere).Inkoni y'umuringa ikoze mu ibumba ya SHIBANGurupapuro, hari amahitamo angana n'umurambararo n'uburebure nk'ubwa CCS. Ariko umuringa uhenze cyane kurusha icyuma kuri kilogarama. Inkoni ikomeye y'umuringa itanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya umurambararo muto cyane, hamwe n'imikorere myiza ya ruswa mu butaka buteye ubwoba. Ariko, umuringa woroshye ni woroshye - gutwara mu butaka bw'amabuye cyangwa bunini bishobora gutuma impera igonga cyangwa igakuramo ibimera, ari nayo mpamvu ba rwiyemezamirimo benshi babanza gucukura imyobo yo kugerageza. Iyo mirimo yiyongereye yongeraho ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho gisanzwe kiri hejuru.

Rwiyemezamirimo wo muri Manila yigeze kumpamagarira, ababajwe n'uko inkoni za galvanique zo ku munara we w'itumanaho wo ku musozi zari zarangiritse nyuma y'imyaka 4 gusa mu ibumba ryo ku nkombe z'inyanja. Gusimbuza byasabye gucukura hafi y'umusingi wa sima. Akazi konyine karenze amafaranga izo nkoni za CCS zari gutwara mbere. Yemeye ati: “Nagombaga kwitondera amakuru y'umunyu wanyeretse.” Iyo hamagara yarankomeje - niyo mpamvu mbanza kubaza buri mukiriya ibyerekeye imiterere y'ubutaka.

3. Inkoni y'icyuma gishyushye gikozwe mu cyuma gishyushye

Inkoni z'icyuma zikozwe muri galvanizing ni icyuma gikoresha karubone nkeya gifite agapira ka zinc gashyirwamo galvanizing ishyushye. Agace ka zinc gatanga uburinzi bw'intangarugero - kabanza kwangirika, kagakingira icyuma kiri munsi yacyo.Inkoni y'ubutaka ya SHIBANG yakozwe mu buryo bwa galvaniumurongo w'ibicuruzwa, izi nkoni zisangiye ingano ariko zifite igiciro gito cyane muri izo nzira eshatu.

Ubunini bw'igishishwa cya zinc busanzwe buri hagati ya µm 55 na 85. Mu butaka butagira pH ifite aho inyura neza, inkoni ya galvanized ishobora kumara imyaka 15-25. Ariko mu butaka busharira (pH iri munsi ya 5.5) cyangwa ahantu hari umunyu, urwego rwa zinc rushobora gukoreshwa mu myaka 5-8, hanyuma igice cy'icyuma gihita cyangirika vuba. Nabonye inkoni za galvanized zikuwe mu mishinga yo ku nkombe nyuma y'imyaka 6 gusa zinc imaze gucika burundu. Dukoresha buri gice cyacu.icyumba cyo gusukura umunyuku kigero cya 5% cya NaCl mu masaha 72 nibura - icyo kizamini kigaragaza utwenge tw’inyuma mu gishishwa cya zinc nta genzura ry’amaso ryafata.

Inkoni z'icyuma zikozwe muri galagisi zifite akamaro. Gushyiraho icyuma gikozwe mu byuma by'agateganyo, imishinga y'igihe gito (imyaka 5-10 y'igishushanyo mbonera), n'ahantu humutse mu gihugu gifite ubutaka budafite pH ihagije byose ni ibintu bikwiye gukoreshwa. Ndagira inama abaguzi kutagena galagisi mu bice bifite imvura irenga mm 800 ku mwaka, mu turere turi ku nkombe ziri mu birometero 15 uvuye ku mazi y'umunyu, cyangwa mu nganda zifite imiti ihumanya.inkoni y'ubutaka ikozwe muri galvanini umusaruro ukomeye iyo porogaramu ihuye.

Igiciro cy'Inkoni yo hasi kuri buri metero yashyizweho: Imibare

Hasi hari igereranya ry'ibiciro rishingiye ku makuru yacu yo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri SHIBANG n'ibitekerezo by'abakiriya bo muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba, Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati, Afurika, na Amerika y'Epfo.

Ingingo z'ingenzi zo gufata:Inkoni za CCS zigura hafi metero imwe n’iz’icyuma cya galvanised iyo usimbuwe imyaka irenga 50 - kandi zigufasha kwirinda akazi ko gucukura inkoni zangiritse. Umuringa w’umwimerere urumvikana gusa iyo nyirawo adakeneye ko zitabwaho mu gihe kirenga imyaka 60 cyangwa iyo ubutaka bukabije cyane ndetse no ku buryo CCS itagomba gupfuka.

Isesengura ry'Ibiciro ryashyizweho hakurikijwe ibikoresho

Icyuma gipfutse mu muringa — Amahitamo aringaniye

Ubuso bw'umuringa bungana na mm 0.254 butanga ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese hafi y'umuringa w'umwimerere mu myaka ya mbere. Imbere y'icyuma ituma ikomera bihagije kugira ngo igende neza idacukurwa mbere mu butaka bwinshi. Ibikoresho bihuza imigozi byemerera guhuza ibice byinshi kugira ngo bigere ku bujyakuzimu bwa metero 6 cyangwa zirenga ku byuma bitanga ingufu nyinshi.inkoni y'icyuma gipfundikiye ikozwe mu muringaIkosa ryo kugororoka ni ≤1 mm/m — ni ingenzi cyane iyo utwaye imodoka ugana kure cyane, kuko inkoni igoramye inyura munsi y'ubutaka.

Nakurikiranye imishinga aho inkoni za CCS zagenzuwe nyuma y'imyaka 15 mu ibumba ryo ku nkombe. Ubuso bw'umuringa bwagumyeho neza ku kigero cya 95+% by'ubuso. Ibisigazwa byaho byaturutse ku gutwarwa byagaragaje ingese gusa ku byuma byagaragaye. Inkoni yari igikora neza. Iyo mikorere nyayo niyo mpamvu CCS ingana na 80% by'ibyo twohereza mu mahanga, bishyigikiwe n'inganda zemewe na ISO 9001:2008 mu ruganda rwacu.

Umuringa w'umwimerere — Iyo ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho kiri hejuru y'ubuzima bwose

Ngurisha inkoni z'umuringa w'umwimerere nke ugereranyije na CCS, ariko abaguzi bazihitamo bafite impamvu zihariye. Imbuga zo mu mazi, inganda zikuraho umunyu ku nkombe, n'ibigo by'imiti akenshi bivuga umuringa w'umwimerere kuko igihe cyo kuwubungabunga kiba gito cyane - iyo inkoni yananiwe gukoreshwa, ikiguzi cyo guhagarika umusaruro wo kuyisimbura ni kinini cyane.

Mu buryo bw'imirongo itatu kuri metero 2.4 buri imwe, guhitamo umuringa usanzwe kuruta CCS byongera igiciro gito cyane ku gice kinini ariko bigoye kugisobanura ku munara muto w'itumanaho.inkoni y'umuringa w'umwimerereikorwa mu byuma by'umuringa bya T2 bifite ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana ibikoresho byose, kandi dutanga icyemezo cy'uruganda kuri buri cyoherezwa mu mahanga. Buri nkoni ibanza gusuzumwa no kugenzurwa mbere yo gupakira - ndabishimangira kuko gutumiza umuringa mu buryo bufatika ari ishoramari rikomeye, kandi umuguzi agomba kumenya neza icyo ahabwa kuva ku nkoni ya mbere kugeza ku ya nyuma.

Icyuma cya Galeti — Igiciro gito cy’ibanze, igiciro kinini cy’ubuzima bwose

Ndashaka kuvuga ukuri ku byuma bikozwe mu mabati kuko nabonye imishinga myinshi aho icyemezo cya mbere cyo kuzigama amafaranga cyatumye gusana bihenze nyuma y’imyaka icumi. Imbonerahamwe iri hejuru iteganya ko hazabaho gusimburwa kimwe mu myaka 50, ariko ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza kirenze inkoni ubwayo - gucukura, kongera gutwara, kongera guhuza, no gupima. Mu masoko yateye imbere, abakozi bonyine bashobora kurenza ikiguzi cy'inkoni inshuro nyinshi.inkoni y'ubutaka ikozwe muri galvanini ibicuruzwa bikomeye, ariko ni igihe gusa uzi neza ko porogaramu ijyanye nayo.

Ibintu Bihindura Ingano y'Ibiciro

Uburinzi bw'ubutaka

Ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubutaka ni cyo kintu kinini gihinduka.Igipimo ngenderwaho cya IEEE 81-2012itanga uburyo bwo gupima. Inkoni iri mu butaka bwa Ω·m 100 (ubusanzwe) igera ku gice gito cy’ubudahangarwa bw’inkoni imwe mu butaka bwa Ω·m 1.000 (umucanga wumye). Ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu mu buryo buri hasi nk’icyuma gishyushye bishobora gukenera inkoni nyinshi cyangwa gukurura cyane kugira ngo bigere ku ntego, bigakuraho inyungu iyo ari yo yose y’ikiguzi. Buri gihe nsaba abakiriya amakuru y’ubudahangarwa bw’ubutaka mbere yo gutanga inama, kuko iyi parametre imwe ihindura amahitamo meza burundu.

Ibisabwa mu gutwara imodoka

Ubutaka bw'amabuye buhindura ubukungu. Niba rwiyemezamirimo agomba gucukura mbere y'igihe, ikiguzi cy'abakozi kiriyongera ku bwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw'inkoni. Umuringa w'umwimerere ni wo ubangamirwa cyane kuko ugorama byoroshye - Nigeze kugaruza ibicuruzwa bivuye ku rwiyemezamirimo wo muri Kenya wagerageje gukoresha inkoni z'umuringa zikomeye za mm 20 mu zindi nkoni, maze agora inkoni eshatu muri cm 50 za mbere. Inkoni za CCS zihangana neza cyane n'ingaruka kuko igice cy'icyuma cyinjiza ingufu z'inyundo nta guhindagurika kwa pulasitiki. Ku butaka bufite amabuye menshi, turakugira inama yo gutangirira ku nkoni ya CCS ifite igice ifite umutwe ukomeye wo kuyikoresha. Yongeraho amafaranga make kuri buri nkoni, ariko birinda ko ishyirwaho ritagenda neza dukunda kubona mu byo twohereza mu mahanga.

Ibisabwa kuri kode

Amategeko y'igihugu agenga amashanyarazi akoresha ibikoresho by'inkoni yo hasi mu buryo butandukanye.NEC (NFPA 70)muri Amerika bisaba ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubutaka bwa Ω 25 cyangwa munsi yabwo ku nkoni imwe. Amabwiriza y'i Burayi ashingiye kuri IEC 60364 agaragaza ubugari buke bw'umuringa kugira ngo ubutaka bukomeze gucukurwa.Igipimo ngenderwaho cya IEC 62561-2Ikubiyemo ibisabwa kuri electrodes z'isi mu buryo bwo kurinda inkuba. Kugenzura ibisabwa kuri kode zo mu gace ni ingenzi, kandi mfasha abakiriya bacu kubigenzura nk'igice cy'inkunga mbere yo kugurisha.

Uburyo bwo guhitamo inkoni zo hasi ku bakiriya bacu

Iyo umukiriya mushya anhamagaye amubaza ikibazo cyo gushakisha umuti w’ikibazo, mbaza ibibazo bitatu:

1. Ubwoko bw'ubutaka n'uburyo bushobora kurwanywa n'ubutaka ni ubuhe?— Niba badafite ubushakashatsi, ndakeka nshingiye ku makuru y’ubutaka bw’uturere.
2. Ubuzima bw'igishushanyo mbonera ni ubuhe?— Sitasiyo nto n'iminara y'itumanaho bikenera imyaka 30-50. Ahantu h'agateganyo hashobora gukenera gusa 5-10.
3. Ese sisitemu yo gufunga ubutaka ishobora kuboneka?— Ishyingurwa munsi ya sima ni iy'iteka ryose; inkoni ziri mu cyobo gishobora kugerwaho zishobora kugeragezwa no gusimbuzwa.

Nkurikije ibisubizo byabo, inshuro 8 kuri 10 ndabagira inamainkoni zo hasi zikozwe mu muringaKu bijyanye n'ibyago bikomeye byo kwangirika cyangwa igihe kirekire cyane cyo gushushanya, ndakugira inama yo kubikora.inkoni z'umuringa w'umwimerere. Inkoni z'icyuma zakozwe mu itarabigenerwa ibikorwa by'agateganyo cyangwa imishinga idafite ingengo y'imari ihagije aho nyir'inzu yemera ingaruka zo gusimbuza.

Uretse inkoni, sisitemu yo gufunga igizwe n'ibikoresho byo guhuza, ibikoresho byo gusudira bivamo umwuka, ibyuma biyobora ubutaka, n'ibikoresho byo gupima.Urupapuro rw'icyiciro cy'Inkoni yo hasi n'Inkoni y'ubutakaibi bikubiyemo. Nanditse kandi kuriinkoni zifatanye mu muringa zikoreshwa mu bwubatsinaimigozi y'icyuma ikora cyane yo gukurura imashini zo gucukurank'ibikoresho bifasha injeniyeri mu gushushanya ibisubizo byuzuye byo gusimbuza ubutaka.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa