Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe
- Ubukhulu bentonga yomhlaba egqunywe ngobhedu eyi-0.254mm luphawu oluvunyiweyo lwehlabathi lokufikelela kwiminyaka engama-30 nangaphezulu yokusebenza okuthembekileyo kokugqunywa komhlaba.
- Ukubopha ngesinyithi kudala ukubopha okuhlala kuhleli kwinqanaba leemolekyuli phakathi kobhedu kunye nentsimbi, okususa umngcipheko wokususwa kwe-delamination ofumaneka kwiingubo ezincinci ze-electroplated.
- Iintonga ezineengubo zobhedu eziyi-0.05mm okanye eziyi-0.1mm kuphela zinokulahlekelwa ngumaleko wazo wokukhusela kwisithuba seminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-15, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umbindi wentsimbi udibane nokugqwala ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusilela komhlaba.
- Ubumsulwa bekopolo obuyi-99.95% nangaphezulu buqinisekisa ukuchasana okuphantsi kwindawo ephakathi kwentonga nomhlaba, nto leyo evumela ukuba umbane we-fault unyamalale ngaphandle kokuqokelelana kwe-voltage eyingozi.
- Imigangatho equka i-IEEE Std 80, i-BS 7430, kunye ne-NACE SP0169 zonke zibhekisa okanye zithetha ubuncinci beemfuno zobukhulu bobhedu kwiinkqubo zokumisa umhlaba ezibalulekileyo.
- Isiseko sentsimbi esomeleleyo nesinamandla okutsalwa angama-580N/mm ubuncinane sibonelela ngokuqina koomatshini ukuze siqhubele kumhlaba oxineneyo, onamatye, okanye oqandisiweyo.
- Iintonga zomhlaba ezigqunywe ngethusi zeShibang ziyahlangabezana nayo yonke imigangatho ephambili yamazwe ngamazwe ngethusi eliyi-0.254mm, isiqinisekiso se-ISO 9001, kunye nokufumaneka ngobubanzi ukusuka kwi-14.2mm ukuya kwi-25mm.
Kutheni i-0.254mm iluphawu lwehlabathi lonke lobukhulu bentonga yobhedu egqunywe yintsimbi
Inkcazo yeubukhulu bentonga yomhlaba egqunywe ngobhedusisigqibo esiphambili esibalulekileyo kuyilo lwenkqubo yokumisa umhlaba. Kuyo yonke imboni yombane, i-0.254mm (elingana ne-0.010 intshi okanye i-10 mils) ivele njengomda ophantsi jikelele wokugqunywa kobhedu kwiintonga zomhlaba ezisetyenziswa kwiziseko ezibalulekileyo. Eli nani alivelanga kwisivumelwano sobunjineli esingacwangciswanga. Sisiphumo seminyaka emininzi yedatha yokusebenza kwentsimi eqokelelwe ziinkonzo zombane, abaqhubi bezonxibelelwano, kunye nabaphathi bezakhiwo zoshishino abalandela amazinga okuwohloka kwee-electrode zokumisa umhlaba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba.
Umgaqo osemva komgangatho we-0.254mm ulula. Ubhedu luyabola ngesantya esiqikelelweyo xa lugqunywe emhlabeni, kwaye elo nqanaba liyahluka ngokwekhemikhali yomhlaba, umxholo wokufuma, kunye nobushushu. Kwimihlaba enoburhalarhume obuphakathi, ubhedu lulahlekelwa bubukhulu obumalunga ne-0.0025mm ngonyaka. Umaleko wokugquma we-0.254mm ke ngoko ubonelela ubuncinane iminyaka eli-100 yokukhusela ukubola phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo. Ngokwenyani, ukuguquguquka komhlaba wokwenyani, uxinzelelo loomatshini ngexesha lokufakwa, kunye nemiphumo ye-galvanic yendawo kunciphisa lo mda wokhuseleko, kodwa umgangatho we-0.254mm usanikezela ngokuthembekileyo iminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-50 yobomi benkonzo. Ukuze ufumane ukuqonda okubanzi malunga nendlela iinkqubo zomhlaba ezisebenza ngayo, inqaku leWikipedia malungaiinkqubo zokumba umhlabainika umxholo osisiseko oluncedo.
Imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe ichaza olu phawu lokulinganisa.IEEE Std 80, elawula uyilo lwesiseko sesitishi se-AC, ngokungangqalanga ifuna iinkcukacha eziqinileyo zezinto ezihambelana nesigqubuthelo sobhedu esiyi-0.254mm.BS 7430, ikhowudi yaseBritane yokwenza umhlaba, ngokufanayo igxininisa ii-electrode ezisekelwe kubhedu ezihlala ixesha elide.I-NACE SP0169umgangatho wokhuseleko lwe-cathodic ugxininisa ukubaluleka kobukhulu obufanelekileyo bomqobo wesinyithi kwiikhontraktha ezingcwatyiweyo.Shibang, kunye namava angaphezu kweminyaka eli-17 okuvelisa imveliso yomhlaba, bavelisa iintonga zomhlaba ezigqunywe ngobhedu ezihlangabezana okanye ezidlula ezi nkcukacha.
Ukubopha ngeMetallurgical vs. Electroplating: Inkqubo yokuGqiba eBalulekileyo
Ayizizo zonke izinto zokugquma ubhedu ezikwiintonga zomhlaba ezidalwe ngokulinganayo. Umahluko phakathi kweentonga ezigquma ubhedu kunye neentonga ezigquma ubhedu usekwe kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, kwaye lo mahluko unefuthe elikhulu ekusebenzeni kwexesha elide. Izinto zokugquma ubhedu zenziwa nge-electroplating, inkqubo ebeka umaleko omncinci wobhedu kumphezulu wentsimbi kusetyenziswa umbane wombane. Izinto zokugquma ubhedu zihlala ziqala kwi-0.025mm ukuya kwi-0.1mm ubukhulu. Nangona ezi ntonga zingabizi kakhulu ukuvelisa, ikhonkco phakathi komaleko wobhedu kunye nesiseko sentsimbi kukunamathela koomatshini kunokuba yimanyano yokwenyani yesinyithi. Phantsi koxinzelelo loomatshini lokuqhuba, ukujikeleza kobushushu, kunye nokuhamba komhlaba, izinto zokugquma ubhedu zinokuphuhla iintanda ezincinci, ziqhekeze, okanye zikhuphe kwi-substrate yentsimbi.
Iintonga ze-copper clad, ngokwahlukileyo, zisebenzisa inkqubo yokubopha nge-metallurgical edibanisa i-copper sheath kunye ne-steel core kwinqanaba le-molecular. Le nkqubo, ngamanye amaxesha ebizwa ngokuba yi-cladding okanye i-molecular bonding, idala i-conjunction esisigxina apho ii-athomu ze-copper zidityaniswe nesakhiwo se-steel grain. Isiphumo si-bond engenakwahlulwa ngamandla oomatshini, ukungcangcazela, okanye uxinzelelo lobushushu.iipropati zobhedu, kuquka ukuqhuba kwayo okugqwesileyo kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwendalo, zigcinwe ngokupheleleyo kuba umaleko wokugquma uyaqhubeka kwaye awunazo iimbobo ezichaphazela iidiphozithi ezincinci ze-electroplated. EShibang, yonkeIntonga yoMhlaba eyi-0.254mm egqunywe ngeCopperidlula kule nkqubo yokubopha kwinqanaba leemolekyuli ukuqinisekisa ukuba umaleko wobhedu awuzukuhlukana nombindi wentsimbi kulo lonke ixesha lomsebenzi wentonga.
Isiphumo esisebenzayo sibalulekile. Intonga efakwe ngombane enobhedu oluyi-0.05mm isenokuqala ukulahlekelwa ngumaleko wayo wokukhusela kwiindawo zoxinzelelo kwiminyaka embalwa emva kokufakwa. Intonga efakwe ngombane enobhedu oluyi-0.254mm igcina ulwakhiwo lwayo kunye nombane wayo kangangeminyaka emininzi, nangona ifuneka kakhulu kwizikhululo zamandla, kwizikhululo zamandla, nakwiinqaba zothumelo.
Ubukhulu beCopper vs. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwiintlobo zomhlaba
Umhlaba awuyondlela ifanayo yokusebenzisa umhlaba.ukwakheka kunye nekhemistri yomhlabazahluka kakhulu ukusuka kwindawo enye yokufakela ukuya kwenye, kwaye ezi nguqu zimisela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba i-copper cladding yonakala ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Ubudlelwane phakathi kobukhulu bentonga yomhlaba egqunywe yi-copper clad kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kuyahluka ngohlobo lomhlaba, kwaye ukuqonda ezi mahluko kunceda ekuchazeni imveliso efanelekileyo kwisicelo ngasinye.
Kwimihlaba ene-asidi enexabiso le-pH elingaphantsi kwe-5.5, ubhedu luyabola ngesantya esiphezulu kuba ii-ion ze-hydrogen zihlasela umaleko we-copper oxide odla ngokudlula kumphezulu. Umhlaba onetyuwa, oxhaphakileyo kwiindawo ezikunxweme nakwimimandla eyomileyo, uzisa ii-ion ze-chloride ezenza iikhompawundi ze-copper chloride ezinyibilikayo, zinyibilikise umaleko okhuselayo. Umhlaba we-alkaline one-pH engaphezulu kwe-8.5 ngokubanzi awunamandla kangako kwi-copper kodwa unokukhuthazaukugqwala kwe-galvanickwindawo yokudibanisa ubhedu nentsimbi ukuba umgangatho wokubopha awukho semgangathweni. Umhlaba oxhathisa kakhulu, nangona ungasebenzisi kakhulu iikhemikhali, ufuna intonga yokumisa umhlaba ibe nonxibelelwano oluhle kakhulu lombane nomhlaba ojikelezileyo, nto leyo eyenza ubunyulu bobhedu kunye nokuqina komphezulu kube yinto ebalulekileyo.
Izinga leumhlwakwezi ndawo zihlala ziqala kwi-0.001mm ngonyaka kumhlaba ongenabungozi, okhupha amanzi kakuhle ukuya kwi-0.005mm ngonyaka nangaphezulu kwiimeko ezirhabaxa kakhulu. Intonga enesigqubuthelo sobhedu esingu-0.05mm kuphela ingalahlekelwa ngumaleko wayo wonke wokukhusela kwiminyaka eli-10 ukuya kwengama-50 kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaba, ishiya umongo wentsimbi utyhilekile kwaye usengozini. Intonga enesigqubuthelo sobhedu esingu-0.254mm inika umda omkhulu wokhuseleko. Kwisitishi esingaphantsi komhlaba saseMbindi Mpuma esakhiwe kumhlaba wentlango onetyuwa, umzekelo, iintonga ezigqunywe ngobhedu ezingu-0.254mm ezivelaShibang's AF-G0230 uluhluzichazwe ngokuchanekileyo kuba umaleko wobhedu otyebileyo umelana nohlaselo lwe-chloride oluya kutshabalalisa iingubo ezincinci kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi.
Uthelekiso lwe-0.05mm, 0.1mm, kunye ne-0.254mm: Kwenzeka ntoni kwiminyaka engama-30 edlulileyo
Ukuze uqonde ukuba kutheni ubukhulu bentonga yomhlaba egqunywe ngobhedu bubaluleke kangaka, cinga ngeendlela zokuwohloka kweenkcukacha ezintathu eziqhelekileyo zokugqunywa kwixesha leminyaka engama-30. Olu thelekiso lubonisa ixabiso lokwenyani lokuchaza iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophantsi kwaye lubonisa isizathu sokuba iinjineli ezinamava kunye nabaphathi bokuthenga banyanzelisa ubukhulu be-copper obuyi-0.254mm.
Intonga yokugalela enombhobho wobhedu oyi-0.05mm, eyona ndlela incinci kakhulu ethengiswayo, iqala ukulahlekelwa kukugqunywa kobhedu kwiminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5 kumhlaba odlamkileyo. Ngonyaka we-10, umaleko wobhedu usetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zoxinzelelo ezifana nencam yokuqhuba kunye namacandelo anemisonto.isiseko sentsimbiiqala ukugqwala, yanda ngobuninzi kwaye yaqhekeka ubhedu oluseleyo. Ngonyaka we-15, intonga ilahlekelwe yindawo enkulu enqamlezileyo kwaye ukumelana kwayo nombane kunyuke kakhulu. Ngonyaka wama-20, kunokwenzeka ukuba inkqubo yokumisa umhlaba ingasebenzi, nto leyo efuna ukumbiwa okubiza kakhulu kunye nokutshintshwa.
Intonga enobhedu oluyi-0.1mm isebenza ngcono kodwa isasilela kwizinga leminyaka engama-30. Kumhlaba ophakathi, umaleko wobhedu uhlala iminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30 ngaphambi kokuba kuncitshiswe kakhulu. Kumhlaba ophakathi, oku kwehla kuye kwiminyaka eli-10 ukuya kweli-15. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, intonga enobhedu oluyi-0.254mm igcina ukhuseleko olwaneleyo iminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-50 nokuba kumhlaba ophakathi ophakathi odlamkileyo. Ubhedu olongezelelweyo oluyi-0.154mm luguqulela ngqo kwiminyaka emininzi yobomi benkonzo eyongezelelweyo. Iintonga zomhlaba ezigqunywe ngobhedu lweShibang, ezifumaneka ngobubanzi ukusuka kwi-14.2mm ukuya kwi-25mm kunye nobude ukusuka kwi-1.2m ukuya kwi-3.0m, zenziwe ngomaleko wobhedu oluyi-0.254mm ubuncinane kunye nomlinganiselo wobomi benkonzo weminyaka engama-50 nangaphezulu, nto leyo ebonisa olu phuhliso lubalaseleyo lwexesha elide.
Ubumsulwa beCopper, iResistivity, kunye neRod-Soil Electrical Interface
Ubukhulu bentonga yomhlaba egqunywe yikopolo buyinxalenye nje ye-equation. Ubunyulu bomaleko wobhedu bumisela ukumelana kwayo nombane, nto leyo echaphazela indlela esebenza ngayo imisinga yempazamo kunye nokukhanya kombane emhlabeni. Ubhedu olucocekileyo kakhulu olunobuncinci be-99.95% ubunyulu bubonisa ukumelana nombane malunga ne-1.68 microohm-centimeters, phakathi kwezona ziphantsi kakhulu kwisinyithi esithengiswayo. Olu xinzelelo luphantsi luqinisekisa ukwehla okuncinci kombane kwindawo yokujonga intambo nomhlaba ngexesha leemeko zempazamo, ezibalulekileyo ekukhuseleni abasebenzi kunye nezixhobo.
Ukungcola kumaleko wobhedu, nokuba kukwizinga elingaphantsi kwe-0.1%, kunokunyusa ukuxhathisa kwaye kudale iiseli ze-galvanic ezikwindawo ethile ezikhawulezisa ukubola. Xa ubumsulwa bobhedu buhla ngaphantsi kwe-99.9%, ukwakheka kwe-copper oxide inclusions kunye ne-grain boundary precipitates kuba nokwenzeka ngakumbi, nto leyo ebuthathaka kwiipropati zombane neze-mechanical ze-cladding.ukumelana kombane kobheduyipropati ebhalwe kakuhle, kwaye iinjineli zixhomekeke kwezi xabiso ukubala ukumelana nomhlaba kunye nokusasazwa kwangoku kwempazamo kuyilo lwenkqubo yokumisa umhlaba.
Isiseko sentsimbi sithwala umthwalo woomatshini. Iinduku zeShibang zisebenzisa intsimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu enamandla okutsalwa angama-580N/mm kunye nokunyamezela ukuthe tye kwe-1mm/m okanye ngaphezulu. Ezi mpawu zoomatshini ziqinisekisa ukuba intonga inokuqhutyelwa kumhlaba oxineneyo okanye onamatye ngaphandle kokugoba, ukugoba, okanye ukuqhekeza i-copper cladding. Ukudibanisa i-99.95% ye-copper cladding ecocekileyo kunye nesiseko sentsimbi enamandla aphezulu kudala i-i-electrodeenika isiseko esizinzileyo esingaxhathisi kakhulu kulo lonke ixesha layo lokusebenza. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo eneenkcukacha ngemveliso yeShibang, ndwendwela i-intonga yomhlaba egqunywe ngobheduiphepha leqela.
Ukuthobela iMigangatho: Iimfuneko ze-IEEE, BS, NACE, kunye ne-ISO
Abayili beenkqubo zokumisa umhlaba abenzi kwindawo engenamoya. Zonke iinkcukacha zobukhulu bentonga yomhlaba egqunywe ngobhedu kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho efanelekileyo yamazwe ngamazwe neyengingqi elawula uyilo lwenkqubo yokumisa umhlaba kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto. Le migangatho ikhona kuba ukusilela kokumisa umhlaba kunokubangela umonakalo kwizixhobo, ukungasebenzi kwexesha lokusebenza, kunye neengozi zombane ezisongela ubomi.
IEEE Std 80ngumgangatho ophambili wokufaka isiseko se-AC kwisikhululo se-AC eMntla Melika nakwiimarike ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe. Icacisa iikhrayitheriya zoyilo lwezixhobo ze-electrode zokumisa umhlaba, kubandakanya neemfuno zokumelana nokugqwala, amandla oomatshini, kunye nokuqhuba kombane. Nangona i-IEEE 80 ingagunyazisi ixabiso elinye lobukhulu bobhedu, amalungiselelo ayo okuqina kwezinto kunye nobomi boyilo beminyaka engama-30 ngokungangqalanga afuna uhlobo lwe-cladding eqinileyo ebonelelwa yi-0.254mm.BS 7430, umgangatho waseBritane wokwenza izinto emhlabeni, ubonelela ngesikhokelo esifanayo ekukhetheni ii-electrode zekopolo kunye nezekopolo kwiimarike zase-UK kunye neCommonwealth.
I-NACE SP0169Ijongana nokhuseleko lwe-cathodic kunye nolawulo lokugqwala kwezakhiwo zesinyithi ezingaphantsi komhlaba. Iyaqonda ukubaluleka kobukhulu obufanelekileyo bomqobo wesinyithi kwiikhontraktha ezingcwatyiweyo kunye nendima yazoukhuseleko lwe-cathodicekwandiseni ubomi beenkqubo zokumisa umhlaba. Kwicala lokuvelisa,I-ISO 9001isiqinisekiso siqinisekisa ukuba umvelisi wentonga ulandela inkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho ebhaliweyo eneenkqubo zokulawula ezilandelekayo. UShibang unesiqinisekiso se-ISO 9001, kwaye lonke iqela leiintonga zomhlaba ezigqunywe ngobheduiveliswa phantsi kwesi sikhokelo somgangatho, iqinisekisa ubukhulu bekopolo obuhambelanayo, ukuthembeka kokubopha, kunye neempawu zoomatshini kuzo zonke iiyunithi zemveliso ezingama-50,000 ngenyanga.
Izicelo zeHlabathi lokwenyani: Izityalo zamandla, izitishi ezincinci, iTelecom, kunye noololiwe
Inkcazo yobukhulu bentonga yomhlaba egqunywe ngobhedu ayisiyonto nje ethethwayo. Inemiphumo ethe ngqo nelinganiswayo kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ezibalulekileyo zeziseko zophuhliso. Indawo nganye yokusasazwa inika imingeni eyahlukileyo efuna indibaniselwano efanelekileyo yobukhulu bethusi, ubumsulwa, amandla oomatshini, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho.
Kwizityalo zamandla kunye nezikhululo zamandla, iintonga zokumisa umhlaba kufuneka ziphathe imisinga yempazamo enokufikelela kumashumi amawaka ee-ampere.i-electrode yomhlabakufuneka zihlale ziqinile phantsi kwezi meko zinzima ngelixa zinyamezela amashumi eminyaka okuvezwa kukufuma komhlaba kunye nokuhlaselwa ziikhemikhali. Iintonga zomhlaba ezigqunywe yi-Shibang copper ezine-0.254mm copper zichaziwe kwisityalo samandla kunye nesitishi esingaphantsi komhlaba kulo lonke elaseMbindi Mpuma, eMzantsi-mpuma Asia, naseAfrika. Kwimozulu yemozulu yetropiki, inkqubo yokumisa itower ye-telecom esebenzisa iintonga ezigqunywe yi-0.254mm copper ifumana imvula enkulu, ukugcwala kwamanzi, kunye nokufuma komhlaba okuphezulu kangangeenyanga unyaka ngamnye. Iingubo zobhedu ezincinci ziya konakala ngokukhawuleza phantsi kwezi meko, kodwa umaleko we-0.254mm ubonelela ngomda wokugqwala ofunekayo ukuze kuphile iminyaka engama-30 yokuvezwa yitropiki.
Iinkqubo zemiqondiso kaloliwe zizisa omnye umngeni. Kwimozulu esemantla, imijikelo yokunyibilikisa umkhenkce ibangela ukwanda komhlaba kunye nokucutheka okubangela uxinzelelo loomatshini kwintonga yokumisa umhlaba.ukwandiswa kobushushuumahluko phakathi kobhedu kunye nentsimbi unokubangelaukudinwakwiingubo ezibotshelelwe kakubi. Intonga yobhedu eyi-0.254mm ebotshelelwe ngesinyithi iyamelana nokudinwa kuba ibhondi yenqanaba le-molecular ithintela ukuqhekeka. Izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya kunye neendawo zokucoca ioyile ngokufanayo zifuna iinkqubo zokumisa umhlaba ezisebenza ngokuthembekileyo amashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kokugcinwa, okwenza ubukhulu bentonga yobhedu bube yiparameter yenkcazo engenakuphikiswana ngayo. Iimveliso zeShibang zikhonza zonke ezi zicelo, ngokufumaneka kwimilo yemisonto, ethe tyaba, necoliweyo.
Ukukhetha Intonga Yomhlaba Efanelekileyo YeCopper Clad kwiProjekthi Yakho
Ukukhetha intonga yomhlaba egqunywe ngobhedu efanelekileyo kubandakanya okungaphezulu kokucacisa nje ubukhulu bobhedu obuyi-0.254mm. Iinjineli kunye nabaphathi bokuthenga kufuneka baqwalasele ububanzi bentonga, ubude, ulwakhiwo lwencam, kunye nokupakishwa ukuze kuhambelane neemfuno ezithile zofakelo ngalunye. Intonga yomhlaba kufuneka idibane nenkqubo ebanzi yokufunxa umhlaba, enokubandakanyaiintonga zombane, izixhobo zokukhusela ukuvuza, kunye nee-bonding conductors.
Ububanzi bentonga buchaphazela amandla oomatshini kunye nendawo yokudibana nomhlaba. Intonga eyi-14.2mm (5/8 intshi) yeyona ikhethwayo kwizicelo ezininzi, inika ulungelelwaniso lokuqhutywa kunye nendawo yokudibana. Kwizinto ezifakelwe kumhlaba onamatye okanye oxineneyo, intonga eyi-17.2mm okanye 25mm (3/4 intshi) inika ukumelana okukhulu nokugoba ngexesha lokuqhuba. Ubude bentonga bumisela ubunzulu bokudibana komhlaba. Ubude obuqhelekileyo buqala kwi-1.2m ukuya kwi-3.0m, apho i-2.4m kunye ne-3.0m zezona zixhaphakileyo kwi-substation kunye ne-power plant grounding. Uqwalaselo lwe-tip lubalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokufakela. Ii-tips ezitsolo zingena emhlabeni ngokulula, ngelixa ii-tips ezithe tyaba zikhethwa xa kuqhutywa kwiileya ezinzima. Ii-tips ezinemisonto zivumela ukudibana kwamacandelo amaninzi entonga ukuze kuqhutywe nzulu.
IShibang inikezela uluhlu olupheleleyo lweendlela zayoIntonga yoMhlaba eyi-0.254mm egqunywe ngeCopperumgca wemveliso. Imodeli ye-AF-G0230 evela kwiIintonga zokugquma umhlaba ze-Copper Layer eziyi-0.254mmUluhlu lupakishwe kwiinqwaba zeziqwenga ezili-10 ngaphakathi kwiityhubhu zePVC ezineenqwaba ezingama-20 ukuya kuma-50 kwiphalethi nganye, ezilungiselelwe ukuthunyelwa kweekhonteyina ukusuka kumazibuko aseNingbo naseShanghai. Ngomthamo wenyanga wemveliso weziqwenga ezingama-50,000, iShibang inokufezekisa iiprojekthi ezinkulu zeziseko zophuhliso ngaphandle kokulibaziseka. Ngaphaya kweentonga zomhlaba ezigqunywe ngobhedu, iShibang ikwavelisa iintonga zobhedu ezicocekileyo, iintonga zentsimbi ezigqunywe ngobhedu, ii-electrode zokumisa isiseko sekhemikhali, kunye nocingo lwentsimbi kunye neteyiphu egqunywe ngobhedu, ebonelela ngepotifoliyo epheleleyo yemveliso yokukhusela umhlaba kunye nombane kwiiprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso zehlabathi.
Imeko Zokusasazwa: Indlela Umhlaba kunye neMozulu Eziyibumba Ngayo Ukukhethwa Kweentonga
Ukwandiswa kwesitishi esingaphantsi komhlaba se-132 kV kwindawo eselunxwemeni lwase-Abu Dhabi kwakufuna iintonga zomhlaba ezinokumelana nomhlaba onetyuwa kunye noxinzelelo lwe-chloride oludlula iinxalenye ezingama-5,000 kwisigidi ngasinye. Inkcazo yeprojekthi ifuna ukuba iintonga zomhlaba ezigqunywe ngobhedu zibe bubuncinci obuyi-0.254mm, ziqhutywa lizinga lokugqwala elikhawulezileyo elibangelwa ngumhlaba wasentlango otyebileyo ngetyuwa kwiileya zobhedu ezibhityileyo. Emva kweenyanga ezili-18 zokujonga ukuxhathisa komhlaba, iqela lobunjineli liqinisekisile ukuba ubhedu lwe-0.254mm lugcine umgangatho walo apho iintonga zangaphambili ze-0.1mm zibonakalise ukugqwala okubonakalayo kwiinyanga ezili-12 phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo.
Kwindawo yemvula embindini weVietnam, umqhubi wenqaba yonxibelelwano wayefuna ukutshintsha iintonga zokumisa umhlaba ezazingasebenzi kakuhle ngaphambi kwexesha emva kweminyaka esibhozo kuphela yokusebenza. Ufakelo lokuqala lwalusebenzisa iintonga ezine-copper copper coating engu-0.076mm, nto leyo eyabonisa ukuba ayanelanga ukudibanisa umhlaba one-acidic laterite (pH 4.5 ukuya ku-5.5) kunye nokuguquguquka kwetafile yamanzi ngexesha lonyaka. Inkcazelo yokutshintshwa inyuselwe kwiintonga zecopper clad ezingu-0.254mm ukusukaUluhlu lwentonga yomhlaba egqunywe ngobhedu kaShibang, ebonelela ngobomi benkonzo obuqikelelweyo obudlula iminyaka engama-30 naphantsi kwezi meko zinzima.
Inkqubo yokubonisa uloliwe ecaleni kwendlela yaseTrans-Siberian eRashiya ijongene nomceli mngeni owahlukileyo: ukujikeleza ngebhayisikile nokunyibilika okuqhuba iintonga zomhlaba kumakhulu eziganeko zokwandiswa kobushushu kunye nokuncitshiswa minyaka le. Kule meko, unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-copper cladding kunye ne-steel core lubaluleke kakhulu njengobukhulu be-cladding. Iintonga ezine-metallurgical bond kubunzulu be-copper obuyi-0.254mm ziyamelana nokuqhekeka okuncinci okukhula kwindawo yokuhlangana kwe-copper-steel xa amava eentonga ze-electroplated ezingabizi kakhulu ephindaphindwayo.ukwandiswa kobushushuUxinzelelo. Ukudibanisa ubukhulu bekopolo kunye nokuqina kwebhondi kunika ukumelana okuzinzileyo komhlaba ukusuka kubushushu basehlotyeni ukuya kwiimeko zasebusika ezingaphantsi kwama-40 degrees Celsius.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo Malunga Nobukhulu Bentonga Yomgquba WeCopper Clad
Kutheni ubukhulu be-0.254mm yobhedu buthathwa njengomgangatho oqhelekileyo kwishishini leentonga zomhlaba?
Ubukhulu bobhedu obuyi-0.254mm (0.010 intshi) bube yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwihlabathi liphela kuba bumele ubunzulu obuncinci bokugquma obufunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko oluthembekileyo lokugqwala kwixesha leminyaka engama-30 yenkonzo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba kwihlabathi liphela. Imigangatho efana naleIEEE Std 80kwayeBS 7430bhekisa kulo mda kuba idatha ebanzi yentsimi eqokelelwe kubasebenzi beenkonzo kunye nabaqhubi beziseko zophuhliso iqinisekisa ukuba iintonga ezinobuncinci be-0.254mm yobhedu zigcina umbane kunye nokuthembeka kwesakhiwo kuzo zonke iimeko zomhlaba, kubandakanya umhlaba one-asidi, i-alkaline, kunye nomhlaba onetyuwa. Iingubo ezincinci ezingaphantsi kweli nqanaba ziwohloka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kumhlaba odlamkileyo ngokulinganayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusileleni kwenkqubo yokumisa umhlaba ngaphambi kwexesha kunye neeprojekthi zokutshintsha ezibizayo eziphazamisa imisebenzi ebalulekileyo.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweentonga zomhlaba ezibotshelelweyo zekopolo kunye neentonga zomhlaba ezigqunywe ngekopolo?
Iintambo ezibotshelelweyo zeCopper zisebenzisa inkqubo yokufakelwa umbane ukuze zifake umaleko obhityileyo weCopper kwisiseko sentsimbi, ngokuqhelekileyo zivelisa ukugquma okuphakathi kwe-0.025mm kunye ne-0.1mm ubukhulu. Iintambo ezibotshelelweyo zeCopper, ngokwahlukileyo, zisebenzisa inkqubo yokufakelwa umbane edala ukubopha okuhlala kuhleli phakathi kwe-copper sheath kunye nesiseko sentsimbi, kufikelela kubukhulu be-0.254mm nangaphezulu. Ukubopha umbane kususa umngcipheko wokususwa okanye ukuxobuka phantsi koxinzelelo loomatshini, ukungcangcazela, okanye ukujikeleza kobushushu. Kwizicelo zokumisa umhlaba ezibalulekileyo kwizityalo zamandla, izitishi ezincinci, kunye neziseko zonxibelelwano, ukwakhiwa kwe-copper clad enobukhulu be-0.254mm kunika ubomi benkonzo obude kakhulu kunye nokusebenza kombane okuhlala kuhleli kunezinye iindlela ezibhityileyo ze-electroplated, okwenza kube yeyona nkcazelo ikhethwayo kwiinjineli kwihlabathi liphela.
Ihlala ixesha elingakanani intonga yomhlaba egqunywe ngobhedu eyi-0.254mm kumhlaba onetyuwa?
Kwiindawo ezimanzi zomhlaba onetyuwa, njengeendawo ezikunxweme okanye kwiindawo ezomileyo ezinetyuwa eninzi, intonga yomhlaba eyenziwe kakuhle enobhedu oluyi-0.254mm idla ngokunika ubomi benkonzo beminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-50. Umaleko wobhedu usebenza njengesithintelo esibi, ubola ngesantya esicothayo esimalunga ne-0.0025mm ngonyaka kwiimeko ezinosawoti ophakathi. Oku kuthetha ukuba isikhongozeli sobhedu esingu-0.254mm sibonelela ngokhuseleko lwamashumi eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba umongo wentsimbi uvezwe. Iintonga ezineengubo ezibhityileyo, ezifana ne-0.05mm, zinokubona ukulahleka kobhedu ngokupheleleyo kwisithuba seminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweyi-10 kumhlaba ofanayo. Iintonga zomhlaba ezineengubo zobhedu zeShibang ezine-0.254mm copper kunye nobunyulu obuyi-99.95% zenzelwe ngokukodwa ezi ndawo zinzima.
Ngaba intonga yomhlaba egqunywe ngobhedu ingasetyenziswa kumhlaba onamatye okanye okwaziyo ukumelana nezifo?
Ewe, iintonga zomhlaba ezigqunywe ngobhedu zisebenza kakuhle kwiimeko zomhlaba ezinamatye nezinokumelana okuphezulu. Ukumelana okuphantsi kombane kobhedu olucocekileyo (99.95%) kwindawo ephakathi kwentonga nomhlaba kuqinisekisa ukuchithwa kombane okusebenzayo nokuba ukuhanjiswa komhlaba kulinganiselwe. Kwindawo enamatye, umbindi wentsimbi yentonga unika amandla okutsalwa ubuncinane angama-580N/mm kunye nokuthe tye ngaphakathi kwe-1mm/m, okuvumela ukuqhuba ngoomatshini ngaphandle kokugoba okanye ukuqhekeka. Kwiindawo ezinokumelana okuphezulu kakhulu, iinjineli zihlala zidibanisa iintonga ze-copper clad kunye nee-electrode ze-chemical grounding okanye ii-backfill compounds ukunciphisa ukumelana komhlaba ngokubanzi. I-Shibang inikezela zombini iintonga zomhlaba ezigqunywe ngobhedu kunye nee-electrode ze-chemical grounding njengenxalenye yesisombululo esipheleleyo somhlaba.
Yeyiphi imigangatho elawula iinkcukacha zentonga yomhlaba egqunywe ngobhedu?
Imigangatho eliqela yamazwe ngamazwe ilawula iinkcukacha zentonga yomhlaba egqunywe ngobhedu kunye neemfuno zomgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo.IEEE Std 80Ibonelela ngezikhokelo ezipheleleyo zokumisa isiseko se-AC substation, kuquka neemfuno zezinto ezifunekayo kwii-electrodes zokumisa isiseko ezijongana nokumelana nokugqwala kunye nokuqina koomatshini.BS 7430Inika ikhowudi yokusebenza yokubumba umhlaba e-United Kingdom kwaye ibhekiswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela kwiinkcukacha ze-electrode yobhedu.I-NACE SP0169ijongana nokukhuselwa kwe-cathodic kunye nolawulo lokugqwala kwezakhiwo zesinyithi ezingaphantsi komhlaba.I-ISO 9001Isiqinisekiso siqinisekisa ukuba umenzi ulandela inkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho ebhaliweyo eneenkqubo zokulawula ezilandelekayo. Le migangatho ichaza ubukhulu bobhedu obuncinci, umgangatho wokubopha, iimpawu zoomatshini, kunye neenkqubo zokuvavanya ekufuneka zihlangatyezwe ziintonga zomhlaba ezigqunywe lubhedu ukuze zifakelwe kwiziseko ezibalulekileyo.
Ndingayikhetha njani ububanzi kunye nobude bentonga yomhlaba egqunywe ngobhedu olufanelekileyo kwiprojekthi yam?
Ukukhethwa kobubanzi bentonga yomhlaba kunye nobude kuxhomekeke ekuchaseni komhlaba, ubukhulu bombane wempazamo, kunye nemigangatho efanelekileyo. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zesitishi sombane kunye nezityalo zamandla, iintonga ezinobubanzi obuyi-14.2mm (5/8 intshi) kunye nobude obuyi-2.4m ukuya kwi-3.0m zisemgangathweni. Kwiindawo ezinokumelana nomhlaba okuphezulu kakhulu, iintonga ezinde ze-3.0m okanye iintonga ezininzi eziqhutywa ngaxeshanye zinokufuneka ukuze kufezekiswe ukumelana komhlaba ekujoliswe kuwo. Ububanzi beentonga ze-17.2mm okanye ze-25mm zibonelela ngamandla amakhulu oomatshini okuqhubelela kumhlaba oxineneyo okanye onamatye. Iintonga zomhlaba ezigqunywe ngobhedu zeShibang zifumaneka ngobubanzi ukusuka kwi-14.2mm ukuya kwi-25mm kunye nobude ukusuka kwi-1.2m ukuya kwi-3.0m kunye neendlela ezinemisonto, ezithe tyaba, okanye ezitsolo.
UJane Yang
Umphathi weNtengiso, iXinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd.
Lo nguJane waseXinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd, umzi-mveliso wobuchwephesha wokuvelisa iimveliso zenkqubo yombane kunye nombane kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwe-17. Ndingumphathi wentengiso onamava eminyaka eli-12 ekukhuseleni umbane kunye norhwebo lwangaphandle. Ndigxile ekuxhaseni abathengi bamanye amazwe ngokufumana iimveliso zokukhusela umbane kunye nombane ezivela eTshayina, ndigubungela iinkonzo ezipheleleyo kubandakanya ukuhlolwa komgangatho, amalungiselelo ezinto ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kunye nawo onke amaxwebhu okuthumela ngaphandle. Ndingakunceda nasekuthengeni ezinye iimpahla ezinxulumene nombane. Ndingochwephesha, ndithembekile kwaye kulula ukunxibelelana nawe, ndikulungele ukukunika izisombululo zokuthenga ezikwindawo enye.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-23-2026