Muhimman Abubuwan Da Ake Ɗauka

Me yasa 0.254mm shine Matsayin Duniya na Kauri na Sandar Ƙasa da aka Rufe da Tagulla

Bayanin da aka bayarkauri sandar ƙasa da aka lulluɓe da tagullababban shawara ce mai mahimmanci a cikin ƙirar tsarin ƙasa. A duk faɗin masana'antar wutar lantarki, 0.254mm (daidai da inci 0.010 ko mil 10) ya bayyana a matsayin mafi ƙarancin ma'aunin rufe tagulla na duniya akan sandunan ƙasa da ake amfani da su a cikin muhimman kayayyakin more rayuwa. Wannan adadi bai fito daga yarjejeniyar injiniyanci ba. Sakamakon shekaru da yawa na bayanan aikin filin da aka tattara daga masu samar da wutar lantarki, masu gudanar da sadarwa, da manajojin cibiyoyin masana'antu waɗanda ke bin diddigin yawan lalacewar na'urorin lantarki na ƙasa a cikin yanayi daban-daban na ƙasa.

Ka'idar da ke bayan ma'aunin 0.254mm abu ne mai sauƙi. Tagulla yana lalacewa a saurin da ake iya faɗi idan aka binne shi a cikin ƙasa, kuma wannan ƙimar ya bambanta da sinadaran ƙasa, yawan danshi, da zafin jiki. A cikin ƙasa mai matsakaicin ƙarfi, jan ƙarfe yana asarar kusan kauri 0.0025mm a kowace shekara. Saboda haka, Layer ɗin rufi na 0.254mm yana ba da aƙalla shekaru 100 na kariyar tsatsa a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau. A aikace, bambancin ƙasa na gaske, damuwa na inji yayin shigarwa, da tasirin galvanic na gida yana rage wannan gefen aminci, amma ma'aunin 0.254mm har yanzu yana ba da tsawon shekaru 30 zuwa 50 na rayuwar sabis. Don fahimtar yadda tsarin ƙasa ke aiki, labarin Wikipedia akantsarin ƙasayana ba da ma'anar tushe mai amfani.

Ka'idojin ƙasa da ƙasa sun tsara wannan ma'auni.IEEE Std 80, wanda ke kula da ƙirar ƙasa ta tashar AC, a zahiri yana buƙatar ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki masu ƙarfi waɗanda rufin jan ƙarfe 0.254mm ya gamsar.BS 7430, ƙa'idar aikin ƙasa ta Burtaniya, haka nan ta jaddada ƙarfin lantarki masu ƙarfi waɗanda aka gina bisa jan ƙarfe.NACE SP0169Ma'aunin kariyar cathodic yana ƙarfafa mahimmancin isasshen kauri na shingen ƙarfe akan masu sarrafa wutar lantarki da aka binne.Shibang, tare da sama da shekaru 17 na ƙwarewar kera kayayyakin ƙasa, suna samar da sandunan ƙasa masu rufi da tagulla waɗanda suka cika ko suka wuce waɗannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai.

Haɗa Ƙarfe da Electroplating: Tsarin Rufewa Mai Muhimmanci

Ba dukkan rufin jan ƙarfe da ke kan sandunan ƙasa aka ƙirƙira su iri ɗaya ba. Bambancin da ke tsakanin sandunan jan ƙarfe da sandunan jan ƙarfe da aka lulluɓe da tagulla yana cikin tsarin kera su, kuma wannan bambancin yana da tasiri mai zurfi ga aiki na dogon lokaci. Ana samar da sandunan jan ƙarfe ta hanyar lantarki, wani tsari wanda ke sanya siririn layin jan ƙarfe a saman ƙarfe ta amfani da wutar lantarki. Rufin da aka lulluɓe da tagulla yawanci yana tsakanin kauri daga 0.025mm zuwa 0.1mm. Duk da cewa waɗannan sandunan suna da araha don samarwa, haɗin da ke tsakanin layin jan ƙarfe da tsakiyar ƙarfe manne ne na injiniya maimakon haɗin ƙarfe na gaske. A ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na injina na tuki, zagayowar zafi, da motsi na ƙasa, rufin da aka lulluɓe da tagulla na iya haifar da ƙananan fasa, ɓarna, ko bare daga saman ƙarfe.

A akasin haka, sandunan jan ƙarfe da aka lulluɓe da tagulla, suna amfani da tsarin haɗa ƙarfe wanda ke haɗa murfin jan ƙarfe zuwa tsakiyar ƙarfe a matakin ƙwayoyin halitta. Wannan tsari, wanda wani lokacin ake kira rufi ko haɗin ƙwayoyin halitta, yana ƙirƙirar mahaɗin dindindin inda ƙwayoyin jan ƙarfe ke haɗuwa da tsarin ƙwayar ƙarfe. Sakamakon haka shine haɗin da ba za a iya raba shi ta hanyar ƙarfin injiniya, girgiza, ko matsin zafi ba.kaddarorin jan ƙarfe, gami da kyakkyawan tasirinsa na watsawa da juriya ga tsatsa ta halitta, an kiyaye su gaba ɗaya saboda layin rufin yana ci gaba kuma ba shi da porosity wanda ke cutar da siririn adibas masu ɗauke da wutar lantarki. A Shibang, kowaneSandar Duniya 0.254mm Mai Rufi da TagullaYana bin wannan tsarin haɗakar ƙwayoyin halitta don tabbatar da cewa layin jan ƙarfe ba zai rabu da tsakiyar ƙarfe ba a tsawon rayuwar sandar.

Sakamakon da ake amfani da shi yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Sandar da aka yi da wutar lantarki mai jan ƙarfe 0.05mm na iya fara rasa layin kariyarsa a wuraren damuwa cikin 'yan shekaru bayan an gama shigarwa. Sandar da aka lulluɓe da ƙarfe mai jan ƙarfe 0.254mm tana kiyaye ingancin tsarinta da wutar lantarki tsawon shekaru da dama, ko da a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai wahala da ake samu a tashoshin wutar lantarki, tashoshin wutar lantarki, da hasumiyoyin layin watsawa.

Kauri na Tagulla da Juriyar Tsatsa a Faɗin Nau'in Ƙasa

Ƙasa ba ta da wani yanayi iri ɗaya.abun da ke ciki da kuma sinadaran ƙasaSun bambanta sosai daga wuri ɗaya zuwa wani, kuma waɗannan bambance-bambancen kai tsaye suna ƙayyade yadda rufin jan ƙarfe ke raguwa da sauri. Alaƙar da ke tsakanin kauri sandar ƙasa da aka lulluɓe da jan ƙarfe da juriyar tsatsa ta bambanta dangane da nau'in ƙasa, kuma fahimtar waɗannan bambance-bambancen yana taimakawa wajen ƙayyade samfurin da ya dace don kowane aikace-aikacen.

A cikin ƙasa mai acidic tare da ƙimar pH ƙasa da 5.5, jan ƙarfe yana narkewa cikin sauri saboda ions na hydrogen suna kai hari ga layin jan ƙarfe wanda yawanci ke lalata saman. Ƙasa mai gishiri, wanda aka saba gani a yankunan bakin teku da busasshiyar ƙasa, suna gabatar da ions na chloride waɗanda ke samar da mahaɗan jan ƙarfe mai narkewa, suna narkar da layin kariya. Ƙasa mai alkaline tare da pH sama da 8.5 gabaɗaya ba ta da ƙarfi ga jan ƙarfe amma tana iya haɓaka haɓakarsa.lalata galvanica mahaɗin jan ƙarfe da ƙarfe idan ingancin haɗin bai yi kyau ba. Ƙasa mai juriya mai yawa, duk da cewa ba ta da ƙarfi sosai a fannin sinadarai, tana buƙatar sandar ƙasa ta sami kyakkyawar hulɗar lantarki da ƙasar da ke kewaye, wanda hakan ke sa tsarkin jan ƙarfe da kuma ingancin saman ya zama mahimmanci.

Adadintsatsaa cikin waɗannan muhallin yawanci yana kama daga 0.001mm kowace shekara a cikin ƙasa mara kyau, mai tsafta har zuwa 0.005mm kowace shekara ko fiye a cikin yanayi mai tsauri. Sanda mai rufin jan ƙarfe 0.05mm kawai zai rasa dukkan layin kariyarsa cikin shekaru 10 zuwa 50 ya danganta da nau'in ƙasa, yana barin tsakiyar ƙarfe a fallasa kuma yana cikin rauni. Sanda mai jan ƙarfe 0.254mm yana ba da babban gefen aminci. A cikin wani wurin da aka gina a kan ƙasa mai gishiri na Gabas ta Tsakiya, misali, sandunan jan ƙarfe 0.254mm dagaShibang's AF-G0230an ƙayyade su daidai saboda kauri mai kauri na jan ƙarfe yana jure harin chloride wanda zai lalata siraran rufi cikin shekaru goma.

Kwatancen 0.05mm, 0.1mm, da 0.254mm: Abin da ke Faruwa a Cikin Shekaru 30

Domin fahimtar dalilin da ya sa kauri sandar ƙasa da aka lulluɓe da tagulla yake da muhimmanci sosai, yi la'akari da yanayin lalacewar takamaiman bayanai guda uku na rufin da aka saba amfani da su a cikin shekaru 30. Wannan kwatancen ya bayyana ainihin farashin ƙayyade kayayyaki marasa inganci kuma ya nuna dalilin da yasa ƙwararrun injiniyoyi da manajojin sayayya suka dage kan mafi ƙarancin kauri tagulla 0.254mm.

Sanda mai amfani da jan ƙarfe mai girman 0.05mm, mafi siririn zaɓi da ake da shi a kasuwa, yana fara rasa murfin jan ƙarfe cikin shekaru 3 zuwa 5 a cikin ƙasa mai matsakaicin ƙarfi. A shekara ta 10, ana amfani da layin jan ƙarfe galibi a wuraren da ke da yawan damuwa kamar ƙarshen tuƙi da sassan zare.tsakiyar ƙarfeYa fara yin tsatsa, yana faɗaɗawa da kuma fasa sauran jan ƙarfe. A shekara ta 15, sandar ta rasa yanki mai mahimmanci na giciye kuma juriyar wutar lantarki ta ƙaru sosai. A shekara ta 20, akwai yiwuwar lalacewar tsarin ƙasa, wanda ke buƙatar haƙa da maye gurbinsa mai tsada.

Sanda mai jan ƙarfe 0.1mm tana aiki mafi kyau amma har yanzu ba ta kai matsayin shekaru 30 ba. A cikin ƙasa mai matsakaici, layin jan ƙarfe yana rayuwa kimanin shekaru 20 zuwa 30 kafin a sami raguwar ƙarfi. A cikin ƙasa mai tsauri, wannan yana raguwa zuwa shekaru 10 zuwa 15. Akasin haka, sanda mai jan ƙarfe 0.254mm tana kiyaye isasshen kariya na shekaru 30 zuwa 50 ko da a cikin ƙasa mai matsakaicin tsauri. Ƙarin jan ƙarfe 0.154mm yana fassara kai tsaye zuwa shekaru da yawa na ƙarin sabis. Sandunan ƙasa masu rufi da jan ƙarfe na Shibang, waɗanda ake samu a diamita daga 14.2mm zuwa 25mm da tsayi daga 1.2m zuwa 3.0m, ana ƙera su da aƙalla layin jan ƙarfe 0.254mm da ƙimar tsawon rai na shekaru 50 ko fiye, suna nuna wannan kyakkyawan aiki na dogon lokaci.

Tsarkakewar Tagulla, Juriya, da Haɗin Wutar Lantarki na Sand-Ƙasa

Kauri sandar ƙasa da aka lulluɓe da tagulla wani ɓangare ne kawai na lissafin. Tsarkakakkiyar layin jan ƙarfe tana ƙayyade juriyar wutar lantarki, wanda hakan ke shafar yadda kwararar kurakurai da walƙiya ke wargazawa cikin ƙasa yadda ya kamata. Tagulla mai tsarki mai aƙalla kashi 99.95% yana nuna juriyar lantarki na kimanin santimita 1.68 na microohm, ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanta na kowace ƙarfe da ake da ita a kasuwa. Wannan ƙarancin juriya yana tabbatar da ƙarancin raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a mahaɗin sanda da ƙasa yayin yanayin lahani, wanda yake da mahimmanci don kare ma'aikata da kayan aiki.

Rashin datti a cikin layin jan ƙarfe, ko da a yawan da ke ƙasa da 0.1%, na iya ƙara juriya da ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin galvanic na gida waɗanda ke hanzarta lalata. Lokacin da tsarkin jan ƙarfe ya faɗi ƙasa da 99.9%, samuwar abubuwan da ke cikin jan ƙarfe da kuma iyakokin hatsi suna ƙara yuwuwar yin hakan, wanda ke raunana halayen lantarki da na inji na rufin.juriyar lantarki na jan ƙarfemallakar ƙasa ce mai cikakken tarihi, kuma injiniyoyi suna dogara ne akan waɗannan ƙimomin don ƙididdige juriyar ƙasa da rarrabawar wutar lantarki a cikin ƙirar tsarin ƙasa.

Zuciyar ƙarfe tana ɗauke da nauyin injin. Sandunan Shibang suna amfani da ƙarfe mai yawan carbon mai ƙarfi tare da ƙarfin tauri na akalla 580N/mm da juriyar madaidaiciya na 1mm/m ko mafi kyau. Waɗannan halayen injiniya suna tabbatar da cewa ana iya tura sandar zuwa cikin ƙasa mai tauri ko dutse ba tare da lanƙwasawa, ɗaurewa, ko fasa rufin jan ƙarfe ba. Haɗin rufin jan ƙarfe mai tsarki na 99.95% da tsakiyar ƙarfe mai ƙarfi yana haifar dalantarkiwanda ke ba da tushe mai ƙarancin juriya a tsawon rayuwar sabis ɗinsa. Don cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun samfuran Shibang, ziyarcisandar ƙasa mai rufi ta jan ƙarfeshafin rukuni.

Bin ƙa'idodi: Bukatun IEEE, BS, NACE, da ISO

Masu tsara tsarin ƙasa ba sa aiki a cikin injin tsabtace muhalli. Duk wani takamaiman tsari na kauri sandar ƙasa da aka lulluɓe da tagulla dole ne ya dace da ƙa'idodin ƙasa da na yanki da suka dace waɗanda ke jagorantar ƙirar tsarin ƙasa da zaɓin kayan aiki. Waɗannan ƙa'idodi suna wanzuwa saboda gazawar ƙasa na iya haifar da lalacewar kayan aiki, lokacin aiki, da haɗarin lantarki mai barazana ga rayuwa.

IEEE Std 80shine babban ma'aunin ƙasa na tashar AC a Arewacin Amurka da kasuwannin duniya da yawa. Yana ƙayyade sharuɗɗan ƙira don kayan lantarki na ƙasa, gami da buƙatun juriya ga tsatsa, ƙarfin injina, da kuma ikon lantarki. Duk da cewa IEEE 80 ba ya buƙatar ƙimar kauri ɗaya ta tagulla, tanade-tanaden sa na dorewar abu da tsawon shekaru 30 na ƙira a zahiri suna buƙatar irin rufin da ke da ƙarfi wanda 0.254mm ke bayarwa.BS 7430, ma'aunin Birtaniya na aikin ƙasa, yana ba da irin wannan jagora don zaɓar na'urorin lantarki masu lulluɓe da jan ƙarfe a kasuwannin Burtaniya da Commonwealth.

NACE SP0169Yana magance kariyar cathodic da kuma sarrafa tsatsa ga tsarin ƙarfe na ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Ya fahimci mahimmancin isasshen kauri na shingen ƙarfe akan masu tuƙa da aka binne da kuma rawar daKariyar cathodicwajen tsawaita tsawon rayuwar tsarin amfani da ƙasa. A ɓangaren masana'antu,ISO 9001Takardar shaidar tabbatar da cewa mai samar da sandar yana bin tsarin kula da inganci mai rubuce-rubuce tare da sarrafa tsarin da za a iya ganowa. Shibang yana da takardar shaidar ISO 9001, kuma kowane rukuni nasandunan ƙasa da aka lulluɓe da tagullaAna samar da shi a ƙarƙashin wannan tsarin inganci, yana tabbatar da daidaiton kauri na tagulla, daidaiton haɗin kai, da kuma kaddarorin injiniya a cikin ayyukan samarwa na raka'a 50,000 a kowane wata.

Aikace-aikacen Gaske: Tashoshin Wutar Lantarki, Tashoshin Ƙasa, Sadarwa, da Jirgin Ƙasa

Bayyana kauri na sandar ƙasa da aka lulluɓe da tagulla ba wai kawai aikin nazari ba ne. Yana da sakamako kai tsaye, mai aunawa a cikin nau'ikan aikace-aikacen ababen more rayuwa masu mahimmanci. Kowane yanayin aiki yana gabatar da ƙalubale na musamman waɗanda ke buƙatar haɗin kai mai kyau na kauri na tagulla, tsarki, ƙarfin injina, da bin ƙa'idodi.

A cikin tashoshin wutar lantarki da tashoshin ƙarƙashin ƙasa, sandunan ƙasa dole ne su iya jure wa kwararar wutar lantarki da za ta iya kaiwa dubunnan amperes.na'urar lantarki ta ƙasadole ne su kasance masu ƙarancin juriya a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi masu tsauri yayin da suke jure shekaru da dama na fuskantar danshi na ƙasa da harin sinadarai. An ƙayyade sandunan ƙasa masu rufi da tagulla na Shibang tare da jan ƙarfe mai girman 0.254mm don tashar wutar lantarki da tashar ƙasa a duk faɗin Gabas ta Tsakiya, Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya, da Afirka. A cikin yanayin damina mai zafi, tsarin ƙasa na hasumiyar sadarwa mai amfani da sandunan jan ƙarfe mai girman 0.254mm yana fuskantar ruwan sama mai yawa, toshewar ruwa, da kuma ƙaruwar danshi na ƙasa tsawon watanni kowace shekara. Siraran rufin jan ƙarfe zai lalace cikin sauri a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi, amma layin 0.254mm yana ba da damar tsatsa da ake buƙata don tsira shekaru 30 na fallasa ga wurare masu zafi.

Tsarin siginar layin dogo yana haifar da wani ƙalubale. A yanayin arewa, zagayowar daskarewa da narkewa yana haifar da faɗaɗa ƙasa da matsewa wanda ke haifar da matsin lamba na injiniya akan sandar ƙasa.Faɗaɗawar zafiBambanci tsakanin jan ƙarfe da ƙarfe na iya haifar dagajiyaa cikin rufin da ba a haɗa shi da kyau ba. Sandar jan ƙarfe mai nauyin 0.254mm mai ɗaure da ƙarfe tana tsayayya da wannan gajiyar saboda haɗin matakin ƙwayoyin halitta yana hana rabuwar ƙasa. Filin jirgin sama da matatun mai suma suna buƙatar tsarin ƙasa wanda ke aiki da aminci tsawon shekaru da yawa ba tare da gyara ba, wanda ke sa kauri sandar ƙasa da aka lulluɓe da jan ƙarfe ya zama ma'aunin ƙayyadaddun bayanai wanda ba za a iya sasantawa ba. Kayayyakin Shibang suna hidimar duk waɗannan aikace-aikacen, tare da samuwa a cikin saitunan zare, lebur, da kuma tint.

Zaɓar Sandar Ƙasa Mai Rufi Mai Tagulla Don Aikinku

Zaɓar sandar ƙasa mai laushi ta tagulla da ta dace ya ƙunshi fiye da ƙayyade kauri tagulla mai girman 0.254mm kawai. Injiniyoyin da manajojin sayayya dole ne su yi la'akari da diamita na sandar, tsawonta, tsarin gefen, da marufi don dacewa da takamaiman buƙatun kowane shigarwa. Sandar ƙasa kuma dole ne ta haɗu da tsarin ƙasa mai faɗi, wanda zai iya haɗawa dasandunan walƙiya, na'urorin kariya daga girgiza, da kuma masu haɗa abubuwa.

Diamita na sanda yana shafar ƙarfin injina da yankin taɓa ƙasa. Sanda mai girman inci 5/8 shine zaɓi na yau da kullun ga yawancin aikace-aikacen, yana ba da daidaiton damar tuƙi da yankin taɓawa. Don shigarwa a cikin ƙasa mai duwatsu ko mai tauri, sandar 17.2mm ko 25mm (inci 3/4) tana ba da juriya ga lanƙwasa yayin tuƙi. Tsawon sanda yana ƙayyade zurfin taɓa ƙasa. Tsawon yau da kullun yana tsakanin mita 1.2 zuwa mita 3.0, tare da mita 2.4 da 3.0m sune mafi yawan amfani ga ƙasan substation da power station. Tsarin tip yana da mahimmanci don ingancin shigarwa. Tips masu nuni suna shiga ƙasa cikin sauƙi, yayin da tips masu faɗi ana fifita su don tuƙi ta cikin layuka masu tauri. Tips masu zare suna ba da damar haɗa sassan sanduna da yawa don tuƙi mai zurfi.

Shibang yana ba da cikakken zaɓuɓɓuka a cikinSandar Duniya 0.254mm Mai Rufi da TagullaLayin samfurin. Tsarin AF-G0230 dagaSandunan Ƙasa na Tagulla Layer 0.254mmAna sanya na'urar a cikin fakiti 10 a cikin bututun PVC tare da fakiti 20 zuwa 50 a kowace fakiti, wanda aka inganta don jigilar kwantena daga tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Ningbo da Shanghai. Tare da ƙarfin samarwa na kowane wata na guda 50,000, Shibang zai iya aiwatar da manyan ayyukan ababen more rayuwa ba tare da jinkiri ba. Bayan sandunan ƙasa da aka lulluɓe da tagulla, Shibang kuma yana ƙera sandunan tagulla tsarkakakku, sandunan ƙarfe da aka lulluɓe da galvanized, na'urorin lantarki na ƙasa masu sinadarai, da waya da tef ɗin ƙarfe da aka lulluɓe da tagulla, suna ba da cikakken fayil ɗin samfuran ƙasa da kariya daga walƙiya don ayyukan ababen more rayuwa na duniya.

Yanayin Aiki: Yadda Ƙasa da Yanayin Yanayi Ke Zaɓar Sanda

Faɗaɗa tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin kV 132 a yankin bakin teku na Abu Dhabi yana buƙatar sandunan ƙasa waɗanda za su iya jure wa ƙasa mai gishiri tare da yawan sinadarin chloride da ya wuce sassa 5,000 a kowace miliyan. Takaddun aikin sun buƙaci a yi amfani da kauri na sandar ƙasa mai rufin tagulla mai nauyin 0.254mm mafi ƙarancin, wanda hakan ya haifar da saurin tsatsa da ƙasa mai cike da gishiri ke sanyawa a kan layukan tagulla masu siriri. Bayan watanni 18 na sa ido kan juriyar ƙasa, ƙungiyar injiniya ta tabbatar da cewa jan ƙarfe mai girman 0.254mm ya ci gaba da kasancewa da aminci inda sandunan 0.1mm na baya suka nuna ramuka a bayyane cikin watanni 12 a ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya.

A yankin tsakiyar Vietnam damina, wani mai kula da hasumiyar sadarwa ya buƙaci maye gurbin sandunan ƙasa waɗanda suka gaza da wuri bayan shekaru takwas kacal na aiki. Shigarwa ta asali ta yi amfani da sanduna masu rufin jan ƙarfe 0.076mm, wanda bai isa ba don haɗakar ƙasa mai acidic laterite (pH 4.5 zuwa 5.5) da canjin yanayin ruwan teku. An haɓaka ƙayyadaddun canjin zuwa sandunan jan ƙarfe 0.254mm dagaJerin sandar ƙasa mai rufi da tagulla na Shibang, samar da tsawon rayuwar sabis wanda ya wuce shekaru 30 ko da a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi masu tsauri.

Tsarin siginar layin dogo a kan hanyar Trans-Siberian a Rasha yana fuskantar ƙalubale daban-daban: kekuna masu daskarewa da narkewa wanda ke tuƙa sandunan ƙasa ta hanyar ɗaruruwan faɗaɗa zafi da matsewa kowace shekara. A cikin wannan yanayi, haɗin da ke tsakanin rufin jan ƙarfe da tsakiyar ƙarfe yana da mahimmanci kamar kauri na rufi. Sandunan da ke da haɗin ƙarfe a zurfin jan ƙarfe 0.254mm suna tsayayya da ƙaramin fashewar da ke tasowa a mahaɗin jan ƙarfe lokacin da sandunan lantarki masu rahusa ke fuskantar maimaitawaFaɗaɗawar zafidamuwa. Haɗakar kauri na jan ƙarfe da kuma daidaiton haɗin gwiwa yana ba da juriya mai dorewa daga zafin bazara zuwa yanayin hunturu da aka rage digiri 40 na Celsius.