TL;DR
- Kudzivirira ivhu (kwakayerwa mumaohm-meters) kunoratidza kuti magetsi emagetsi anopararira nekukurumidza sei muvhu uye kuti ndeipi midziyo yevhu yaunofanira kuisa.
- Kuedza kweWenner kwemapoinzi mana kunokupa ruzivo rwakavimbika rwekudzivirira ivhu mumunda usati wazvipira kugadzira dhizaini yekudzika pasi.
- Ivhu risingapindi simba zvakanyanya (riri pasi pe100 ohm-m) rinobvumira tsvimbo dzakajairwa dzemhangura dzakaputirwa; ivhu risingapindi simba zvakanyanya (rinopfuura 1,000 ohm-m) rinoda ma electrode emakemikari, ma module evhu, kana ma arrays akadzika etsvimbo dzakawanda.
- Kuenzanisa zvinhu zvetsvimbo, dhayamita, uye kudzika kwevhu nemamiriro chaiwo evhu kunodzivirira ngura isati yasvika, kutadza kushanda zvakanaka, uye kusashanda zvakanaka kwepasi.
- Gwaro iri rinobata nzira dzekuyera, zvinodiwa pakusarudza zvinhu, maitiro ekuisa, uye zvikanganiso zvatinoona kakawanda mumapurojekiti chaiwo.
Nei Kuramba Kwevhu Kuri Nhamba Yekutanga Yaunoda
Usati wasarudza dhayamita yetsvimbo yevhu, usati wasarudza pakati pesimbi yakaputirwa nemhangura nesimbi yakabatidzwa, uye usati waverenga kuti padhi repasi pechiteshi rinoda tsvimbo ngani, unoda nhamba imwe chete: simba rekudzivirira ivhu panzvimbo yako yekuisa. Sarudzo yega yega yekugadzira inoenderana nekuyera ikoko.
KuShibang, timu yedu yemainjiniya inoongorora zvinodiwa pakugadzira grounding kubva kumapurojekiti ari kumakondinendi matanhatu. Chinhu chimwe chete chinowanzo kukonzera matambudziko mumunda chatinosangana nacho hachisi danda risina kunaka kana kubatana kusina kunaka. Isystem yekuumba grounding yakagadzirwa pasina ongororo yakakodzera yekudzivirira ivhu. Mainjiniya vanodarika danho iri vanopedzisira vagadzirisazve masystem, vachiwedzera matanda ekuwedzera, kana kushandisa shanduko dzevhu mwedzi yakati wandei mushure mezuva rekutanga rekugadzira.
Kudzivirira ivhu kunoratidza kuti ivhu riri panzvimbo yako rinopesana zvakanyanya sei nekuyerera kwemagetsi. Nzvimbo ine jecha, yakaoma iri pakati peAustralia inogona kuenzana ne2,000 ohm-meters. Rwizi rwedelta rwakazara nevhu muBangladesh runogona kuenzana ne30 ohm-meters. Rodhi yevhu yakafanana nemhangura ine mhangura inoita zvakasiyana zvachose munzvimbo mbiri idzodzo, uye dhizaini inofanira kuratidza musiyano iwoyo kubva pakutanga.
Masangano emitemo anobvuma izvi.Makodhi nemirau yeNFPAframework, pamwe chete neIEC 62305 neIEEE 80, zvese zvinoda kana kukurudzira data rekudzivirira ivhu panzvimbo chaiyo usati watanga kugadzira system yekudzika. Unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezve zvakakosha zvemasisitimu ekugadzira ivhuuye seipasi (magetsi)anoshanda muinjiniya yemagetsi kuti anzwisise kuti sei chiyero ichi chichitungamira zvese.
Zvinonyatsoonekwa Nekusimba Kwevhu
Kuramba kwevhu kunoratidza kupikisa kunounzwa neyuniti yevhoriyamu yevhu pakuyerera kwemagetsi. Mainjiniya anoiratidza mu ohm-meters (ohm-m). Nhamba yacho inoenderana nezvinhu zvina zvikuru:
Hunyoro.Mvura inoderedza zvakanyanya kusimba kwemvura. Ivhu rakaoma rinogona kuverenga 1,000+ ohm-m; ivhu rakafanana parinogona kudzika pasi pe100 ohm-m. Ndosaka kuyedzwa kwemwaka kuchikosha, uye ndosaka tichikurudzira kuyedza panguva dzakaoma zvikuru kuti tigadzire mukana wakaipisisa muhurongwa.
Kuwanda kweIon.Munyu wakanyungudutswa mumvura yevhu unowedzera simba remhepo. Nzvimbo dzegungwa, minda yekurima ine nhoroondo yefetereza, uye nzvimbo dzakati sandara dzine munyu wemugwenga zvese zvinopa simba shoma rekudzivirira mvura kupfuura jecha re quartz. Zvinyorwa zvedu zvekugadzira zvinoratidza kuti vatengi vekuMiddle East neNorth Africa vanowanzo sangana nevhu rejecha rinotsungirira mvura zvakanyanya rinoda kuwedzerwa mishonga.
Kupisa.Kusimba kwevhu kunowedzera kana ivhu richitonhora. Ivhu rakaomeswa nechando rinogona kuwedzera simba rekudzivirira nechikamu chegumi kana kupfuura zvichienzaniswa nevhu rimwe chete pa20 degrees Celsius. Mapurojekiti ari kuchamhembe kweCanada, Scandinavia, kana Russia anofanira kutsanangura nzvimbo yekudzika kwechando uye kuisa matanda evhu pasi payo.
Kuumbwa kwevhu uye kuwanda kwaro.Zvidimbu zvevhu zvinofamba zviri nani pane jecha kana matombo nekuti zvinochengeta hunyoro nemaion panzvimbo yazvo yakakura. Matombo, shale, uye granite yakaora zvinosiyana zvakanyanya. Nzvimbo ine mativi ejecha inoratidza kusimba kwakasiyana pakadzika kwakasiyana, ndosaka kusimba-kusimba kwekuongorora kunokosha sekuyera kwenzvimbo.
Bvunzo reWenner reMapoinzi mana: Mainjiniya Anoyera Sei Kusasimba kweIvhu Mumunda
Nzira yeWenner 4-point inoramba iri nzira yakajairika yekuedza kudzivirira ivhu. Yakajeka, inotakurika, uye inopa mhedzisiro inopindira zvakananga mukuverenga dhizaini yekudzika. TestGuy inopa nhungamiro yakanaka yetsananguro yekuongororwa kwekudzivirira ivhuzvakadzama.
Mainjiniya edu emumunda anotevedzera maitiro aya pane imwe neimwe ongororo itsva yenzvimbo:
Danho 1: Kurongeka.Isa maerekitirodhi mana akapatsanurwa zvakaenzana muvhu mumutsara wakatwasuka. Anyorere mazita ekuti C1, P1, P2, uye C2 kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi. Nzvimbo iri pakati pemaviri ese ari pedyo i“a,” uye unosarudza nzvimbo iyi zvichienderana nekudzika kwevhu raunoda kuongorora. Nzvimbo yemita imwe chete inokupa avhareji yekudzivirira pamusoro pemamita 0.5 epamusoro. Nzvimbo yemita gumi inoongorora kusvika pamamita mashanu.
Danho rechipiri: Isa simba remagetsi.Batanidza chinhu chinoedza kudzivirira pasi (senge Megger DET series kana Fluke 1621) kuma electrodes ekunze (C1 naC2). Chishandiso ichi chinopinza AC current inozivikanwa kuburikidza nevhu riri pakati pavo.
Danho rechitatu: Kuyera mukana wekuti zvinhu zviitike.Chishandiso ichi chinoyera musiyano wemagetsi pakati pemaerekitirodhi emukati (P1 neP2). Kudonha kwemagetsi uku, kwakakamurwa nemagetsi anopinzwa, kunoita kuti resistance ive R.
Danho rechina: Verenga.Shandisa fomura yaWenner:
Kuramba (rho) = 2 x pi xax R
apo "a" iri nzvimbo yeelectrode mumamita uye R iri resistance yakayerwa mumaohms. Mhedzisiro yacho iresistivity yevhu muohm-m.
Kuongororwa kwehudzamu.Dzokorora bvunzo iyi panzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana (1m, 2m, 5m, 10m, 20m) kuti ugadzire chimiro chekudzivirira-kupesana-kudzika. Chimiro ichi chinoratidza kana paine jira rekufambisa mvura rakadzika pasi pevhu, izvo zvingaita kuti tsvimbo dzekutyaira dzisvike pamamita matatu pachinzvimbo chemamita 2.4 akajairwa.
Nguva yekuedza.Tinotsanangura kuyedza pasi pemamiriro emwaka akaoma zvikuru, nekuti masisitimu epasi anofanira kushanda gore rose. Kuyedza chete munguva yemvura kunopa huwandu hwakanaka husingaratidze mamiriro ezhizha kana ekusanaya kwemvura zvakanyanya.
Nzvimbo yemafuta muEastern Province yeSaudi Arabia yakayera simba rekudzivirira ivhu pamusoro pemvura pa1,800 Ω·m munguva yekusanaya kwemvura. Mushure mekunge timu yedu yehunyanzvi yasarudza tsvimbo nhatu dzemhangura dzakaputirwa nemhangura dzemamita matatu (AF-0232, 0.254mm copper layer) dzakafambiswa kusvika pakadzika kwemamita mashanu nepakati pemamita matanhatu, simba rekudzivirira ivhu rakayerwa rakaderera kusvika pa3.8 Ω — pasi pechinangwa che5 Ω chinodiwa neIEC 62305 chekudzivirira mheni pamatangi ekuchengetera.
Kusasimba kweIvhu Kunosimudzira Sei Kusarudzwa kweTsvimbo Dzevhu
Kana wangowana ruzivo rwekudzivirira ivhu, unogona kusarudza tsvimbo yevhu yakakodzera nechivimbo. Nhamba yekudzivirira inokuudza zvinhu zvitatu: chinhu chipi chinodzivirira ngura kwenguva refu muvhu iroro, chimiro chetsvimbo (dhayamita nehurefu) chaunoda, uye kana tsvimbo imwe chete ichizokwanisa kudzivirira ivhu raunoda kana kuti unoda tsvimbo dzakawanda muboka.
Heino hurongwa hwatinoshandisa kuShibang pakupa mazano kune vatengi:
| Nzvimbo yekudzivirira Ivhu | Hunhu hweIvhu | Maitiro Anokurudzirwa eTsvimbo |
|---|---|---|
| Pasi pe100 ohm-m | Ivhu rakanyorova, rakanyorova, kana kuti rine saline | Tsvimbo yesimbi yakaputirwa nemhangura, tsvimbo imwe chete inowanzo kukwana |
| 100 – 500 ohm-m | Musanganiswa wevhu rakanyorova nejecha, ivhu rine mwero wepakati nepakati | Tsvimbo yakaputirwa nemhangura ine kudzika kuri pakati nepakati, inogona kunge ine tsvimbo mbiri |
| 500 – 1,000 ohm-m | Ivhu rine jecha kana matombo, rakaoma zvishoma | Tsvimbo dzakadzika, multi-rod array, kana makemikari electrode augmentation |
| Pamusoro pe1,000 ohm-m | Jecha rakaoma kwazvo, dombo, matombo | Ma electrode epasi emakemikari, ma module epasi, kana masisitimu e radial conductor akakura |
Tafura iyi ndiyo pokutangira, kwete kutsiva dhizaini yakadzama. Mainjiniya anofanirawo kufunga nezve pH yevhu, huwandu hwechloride, huwandu hwesulfate, uye kusiyana kwehunyoro kuti asarudze zvinhu zvekupedzisira. Tichatsanangura kufananidza zvinhu muchikamu chinotevera.
Yedutsvimbo yepasi yakaputirwa nemhanguraRange (model AF-0232) inofukidza dhayamita kubva pa14.2 mm kusvika 25 mm (5/8 inch kusvika 3/4 inch) uye kureba kubva pa1.2 m kusvika 3.0 m (4 ft kusvika 10 ft). Rutivi rwemhangura rune ukobvu hwe 0.254 mm uye kuchena kwe 99.95% kana kupfuura, rwakabatanidzwa nesimbi ine kabhoni shoma. Izvi zvinopa tsvimbo simba rakasimba rekudhonza (inenge 580 N/mm) yekufambisa uku ichichengetedza kuramba kwemhangura mumhando zhinji dzevhu. Tinosimbisa mutsetse uyu wechigadzirwa pasi pe ISO 9001:2008.
Pakutanga kwa2023, mainjiniya wepurojekiti ye132 kV substation muTamil Nadu akataura nezvematanda emagetsi kuti aderedze huremu hwekutenga nzvimbo iri kure pamusoro pegomo. Pakaongororwa mushumo wevhu — ivhu relaterite, pH 4.8, resistivity 280 Ω·m pahurefu hwemamita matatu — takakurudzira kuti tishandise matambo emhangura akafukidzwa nemhangura pasinei nehuremu hwakakwira hwepayuniti. Chikonzero ndechekuti: pH yakaderera yelaterite uye huwandu hwesimbi yakakwira zvinokurumidza kukora kwe zinc, uye nzvimbo iri kure yakaita kuti zvinhu zvinotsiva tsvimbo dzemangwana zvidhure. Mainjiniya akabvuma kurudziro yacho. Makore maviri mushure mekuiswa, kuverenga kwekudzivirira kwevhu kunoramba kwakasimba pa1.6 Ω.
Kuenzanisa Zvinhu Zvevhu Nemamiriro Evhu
Vagadziri vetsvimbo dzevhu vanopa sarudzo dzakasiyana siyana dzezvinhu, uye imwe neimwe inokodzera mamiriro evhu akasiyana. Heino maitiro atinozvienzanisa nawo:
Tsvimbo dzeSimbi dzakaputirwa nemhangura
Matavi emhangura anosanganisa simbi iri pakati (kuti irambe yakasimba uye yakasimba) nechikamu chekunze chemhangura chakakora (kuti irambe yakasimba uye irambe yakasimba isingasviki nevhu).tsvimbo yepasi yakaputirwa nemhanguramamodheru anoshandisa nzira yekubatanidza mhangura nguva dzose, kwete kuputira kwakatetepa. Izvi zvinokosha muvhu rine simba apo jira remhangura rakaputirwa kana rakasungirirwa rinogona kupatsanuka nekufamba kwenguva.
Matavi emhangura anoshanda zvakanyanya muvhu risina kusimba (pH 6 kusvika 9) rine hunyoro huri pakati nepakati. Anodzivirira ngura kubva kumakemikari evhu mazhinji uye anochengetedza kusimba kwevhu kwakasimba kwemakumi emakore. Tinoasarudza kune magwenya emagetsi, zviteshi zvemagetsi, nhare dzemagetsi, zviteshi zvekutaurirana, nhandare dzendege, njanji, zvivakwa zvirefu, uye nzvimbo dzekuchenesa mafuta. Nguva yekushanda inodarika makore makumi mashanu mumamiriro evhu akajairwa.
Tsvimbo dzeSimbi dzakagadzirwa nesimbi
Tinodhura mitengo yematanda akaputirwa nesimbi (zinc-coated) ari pasi pesimbi dzakaputirwa nesimbi, uye anopa dziviriro inogamuchirika yengura muvhu rine alkaline. Zvisinei, ruzivo rwedu rwekugadzira neruzivo rwemumunda runoratidza kuti zinc inonyunguduka nekukurumidza kupfuura mhangura muvhu rine acidic (pH iri pasi pe5) uye muvhu rine sulfate yakawanda. Takanyora zviitiko zvakawanda apo matanda akaputirwa nesimbi muvhu rine acidic akakundikana kare kare nguva yakatarwa yekushanda, ndosaka tichikurudzira vatengi vari munzvimbo dzinopisa kana dzine acid-nain kuti vasarudze matanda akaputirwa nesimbi pane matanda kune chero purojekiti ine hupenyu hwekugadzira hwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu kana kupfuura.
Zvinyorwa zvedu zvewarandi kubva pakatumirwa 2019 kunzvimbo yegungwa kumaodzanyemba kweVietnam zvinoratidza kuti matanda emagetsi akaiswa muvhu rine pH 5.2 uye resistivity ye120 Ω·m akatanga kuratidza ngura inooneka pamusoro mukati memwedzi gumi nemisere. Zinc coating yakanga yatetepa kubva pama microns 86 akasarudzwa kusvika pasi pe40 microns panzvimbo yemhepo nevhu. Takatsiva nzvimbo yese yematanda e240-rod nemayuniti emhangura nemutengo wedu pasi pewarandi, uye matanda ekutsiva ave kushanda kwemakore anopfuura mashanu pasina kuora kunoyerwa.
MaElectrode Ekugadzira Makemikari
Kana simba rekudzivirira ivhu richiramba riri pamusoro pe500 ohm-m kunyangwe pakadzika, tsvimbo isina chinhu yoga haigone kuwana simba rekudzivirira chinangwa.Ma electrode epasi emakemikarizadza mukaha uyu. Mayuniti aya ane chubhu yemhangura isina chinhu yakazara nemunyu wemaminerari inodonha zvishoma nezvishoma muvhu rakapoteredza, ichideredza simba rekudzivirira kwenzvimbo yacho kwemwedzi nemakore. Anoramba achishanda munzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzine matombo uko hunyoro hwechisikigo hushoma.
Tinopa maerekitirodhi emakemikari kumapurojekiti ari kuMiddle East, North Africa, nepakati peAustralia. Mukuisa kwakajairika, nyanzvi inoboora chibhora, inoisa electrode, inozadza backfills ne conductive compound, uye inobatanidza electrode ku grounding grid huru. Nekufamba kwenguva, kupararira kwemunyu kunoita kuti electrode isarambe ichidzivirira zvakanyanya.
Mamodule epasi
Mamodule epasiinopa imwe nzira yekudzivirira ivhu rakaoma. Aya mayuniti akagadzirwa kare anosanganisa simbi inofambisa mhepo nechinhu chakakomberedza chemhepo inofambisa mhepo (kazhinji kacho chinhu chakagadzirwa nekabhoni kana kuti ivhu). Mainjiniya anoaviga panzvimbo dzakakosha mugridi yevhu kuti aderedze kusimba kwenzvimbo pasina kutarisirwa kwekuchengetedza kunoda dzimwe nguva maerekitirodhi emakemikari.
Mamodule epasi anoshanda zvakanaka muvhu rakasanganiswa uko kune jira rinofambisa mhepo asi risina kudzika zvakanyanya kuti rikwanise kushandiswa netsvimbo. Takatumira mamodule epasi kunzvimbo dzekutumira pfuti dzepamusoro pemakomo muAndes, nzvimbo dzeradar dzemugwenga muOman, uye nzvimbo dzekushandisa ngarava dzemhepo dziri pamhenderekedzo yegungwa muVietnam.
Tarisa Sarudzo Dzese
Yedu yakazarachikamu chetsvimbo yepasi netsvimbo yepasiinofukidza jira remhangura, galvanized, simbi isingatsvi, uye magadzirirwo akakosha. Sarudzo chaiyo inoenderana nemushumo wemakemikari evhu rako, kuramba kwako chinangwa, uye hupenyu hwebasa hunotarisirwa hwekuisa.
Kudzika Kwekuisa, Dhayamita Yetsvimbo, uye Mutemo weTsvimbo Dzakawanda
Ruzivo rwekudzivirira ivhu runotungamirawo zvinhu zvitatu zvekugadzira: kudzika kwetsvimbo, dhayamita yekushandisa, uye kuti matanda mangani ekuisa.
Kudzika
Matavi akadzika anosvika pavhu rinobata hunyoro hwakawanda uye kusapindirana kwakaderera. Kuisa kwekugara kwakajairika kunogona kushandisa tsvimbo ine mamita 2.4 (mamita 8). Giridhi repasi repasi re substation rinowanzo ratidza tsvimbo dzine mamita 3 (mamita 10). Munzvimbo dzine kusapindirana kwakakwirira, mainjiniya dzimwe nguva vanosundira tsvimbo kusvika pamamita matanhatu kana kupfuura nekubatanidza zvikamu zvakawanda pamwe chete.
Tsvimbo dzedu dzakaputirwa nemhangura dzine chivharo chekubatanidza chinobvumira kubatana kwezvikamu. Tsvimbo yemamita matatu ine hupamhi hwemamita 1.5 inosvika mamita 4.5. Chivharo ichi chinochengetedza kutwasuka kwechinhu (chikanganiso che1 mm/m kana pasi) kuburikidza nejoinhi kuitira kuti tsvimbo isabhandike panguva yekutyaira.
Dhayamita
Upamhi hwetsvimbo yepasi hunokanganisa kugara kwenguva refu kwetsvimbo panguva yekuisa uye hupenyu hwenguva refu hwetsvimbo. Tsvimbo ye14.2 mm (5/8 inch) inokodzera nzvimbo zhinji dzekugara uye dzekutengeserana dzakareruka uko dhiraivha kana chibooreso chehammer chinosunda. Tsvimbo ye25 mm (3/4 inch) inobata midziyo yakawanda yekufambisa yakadzika muvhu rakaomarara kana rine matombo uye inopa nzvimbo yakawanda yemhangura yekukanganisa ngura.
Zvinyorwa zvedu zvekugadzira zvinoratidza kuti tsvimbo dze5/8-inch dzinoita kuti pave nehuwandu hwakawanda mumapurojekiti emamiriro ekunze ane mwero (North America, Europe, East Asia), nepo tsvimbo dze3/4-inch dzichiona kudiwa kwakanyanya mumapurojekiti ekuMiddle East neAustralia uko kwakajairika kufambisa mvura yakawanda muvhu rakaoma.
Maronda Akasiyana-siyana
Kana tsvimbo imwe chete ikasakwanisa kusvika pakudzivirira kwepasi kwaunoda, unowedzera tsvimbo. Mutemo mukuru: isa nzvimbo dzetsvimbo dziri pedyo zvakaenzana nekudzika kwadzo kunofambiswa. Kune tsvimbo dzemamita matatu, shandisa nzvimbo iri pakati pemamita matatu. Nzvimbo iyi inodzivirira nzvimbo dzinoderedza kudzivirira dzakatenderedza tsvimbo imwe neimwe kuti dzisapindirane zvakanyanya.
Kudziviswa kwakabatana kwemhando yetsvimbo dzakawanda hakusi kungodziviswa kwemhando yetsvimbo imwe chete kwakakamurwa nehuwandu hwetsvimbo. Kudyidzana kwevhu nevhu kunoderedza kushanda zvakanaka. Mhando yetsvimbo mbiri inowana inenge 60% yedvimbo imwe chete, kwete 50%. Mhando yetsvimbo nhatu inosvika pa45-50%. Aya ndiwo manhamba ekufungidzira; chiyero chaicho chinoenderana nekuwirirana kwekudzivirira ivhu uye nzvimbo yetsvimbo.
Zvikanganiso Zvinomwe Zvinokonzera Kudzika Kwevhu Zvakawanikwa neLabhoritari Yedu yeFakitori paMapepa Ezvakadzorerwa
Mushure memakore anopfuura gumi nemanomwe ekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvevhu nekutsigira mapurojekiti pasi rese, timu yedu yakarongedza zvikanganiso zvinogara zvichiitika uye zvikanganiso zvekuiswa zvinoonekwa mukuferefeta kwewaranti uye kuongororwa kwemapurojekiti mushure mekufa kwenyika dzese nemaindasitiri. Zvikanganiso zvinomwe zviri pazasi ndizvo zvinokonzera kutadza kushanda zvakanaka kwetsvimbo nguva isati yakwana uye kuverenga kwekusashanda zvakanaka kwepasi kwatinosangana nako:
Kusaita ongororo yekudzivirira ivhu.Dzimwe nguva mainjiniya vanotadza kushandisa ivhu rekuverenga nzvimbo pane kuedza nzvimbo chaiyo. Kunyangwe mukati meimba imwe chete, resistivity inogona kusiyana nekashanu pakati pemugumo wekuchamhembe nemugumo wekumaodzanyemba nekuda kwemaitiro ekudhonza mvura, nhoroondo yekuzadza, kana kudzika kwedombo.
Kuedza pahudzamu humwe chete.Bvunzo imwe chete yeWenner padanho rimwe chete haitauri chinhu nezve layered profile iri pasi pevhu. Nguva dzose edza ne spacings nhatu kuti uone conductive layers, resistive layers, uye transition pakati padzo.
Kuregeredza kusiyana kwemwaka.Kuedza panguva yemvura chete kunounza mhedzisiro inotsausa. Masisitimu ekudzika anofanirwa kushanda mumamiriro akaoma, anopisa, uye anotonhora zvakanyanya ayo nzvimbo yacho ichasangana nawo. Tinokurudzira vatengi kuti vaedze kanenge kaviri: kamwe chete munguva yemvura uye kamwe chete munguva yemvura.
Dhayamita yetsvimbo isinganyatsojekeswi.Kushandisa tsvimbo diki diki iripo kuderedza huremu hwechinhu kunogona kuita sekunge kwakanaka papepa, asi muvhu rakaoma kana rine matombo, tsvimbo yakatetepa inokombama, inosunga, kana kutyoka panguva yekutyaira. Izvi zvinotambisa nguva yekuisa uye zvinosiya sisitimu isina kugadzirwa zvakanaka. Tinosarudza tsvimbo dze3/4-inch (25 mm) dzechero nzvimbo ine matombo kana kuti dzakamanikana.
Kukanganwa kubatana.Kana mainjiniya achida kudzika kwetsvimbo yesimbi ye4.5 metres kana 6 metres, dzimwe nguva vanoedza kubatanidza zvikamu zviviri zvetsvimbo pamwe chete. Kubatanidza kunoparadza jira remhangura riri pajoini, zvichiita kuti pave negomba rinopisa rinopera mukati memakore. Gara uchishandisa michina yakagadzirwa nechinangwa inochengetedza jira remhangura richiramba riripo.
Kuregeredza hunhu hwekubatana.Tsvimbo yevhu yakanakisisa pasi rose haibatsiri kana kubatana neconductor kwakasununguka, kwakasviba, kana kuti kwakagadzirwa nesimbi dzisingaenderane. Kubatana kwemhangura nemhangura ne exothermic welds kana ma mechanical connectors akanyorwa kunochengetedza kugara kwenguva refu. Kusanganisa tsvimbo dzemhangura ne galvanized clamps munzvimbo ine hunyoro kunoita kuti galvanic corrosion cell iparadze kubatana nekufamba kwenguva.
Kusaverenga kemikari yevhu.Kuramba kuripo chete hakufemberi kuti ngura ichavapo. Ivhu rine kuramba kuripo pakati nepakati (300 ohm-m) asi rine sulfate yakawanda uye pH yakaderera richarwisa mhangura nekukurumidza kupfuura zvaitarisirwa. Nguva dzose batanidza bvunzo yekuramba nekuongororwa kwemakemikari evhu (pH, chlorides, sulfates, hunyoro) kuti usarudze zvinhu zvetsvimbo nemazvo.
Rabhoritari yedu yemhando yepamusoro muXinchang inoita bvunzo yemunyu (ASTM B117) pabhachi rega rega rekugadzira matanda emhangura akaputirwa. Mumabhachi makumi mana nemanomwe ekupedzisira (N=47, anomiririra matanda angangoita 235,000), ukobvu hwepakati hwemhangura hwaisvika 0.268 mm nechiyero che 0.012 mm. Hapana batch yakawira pasi pe 0.254mm. Nguva yekuedzwa kwengura i 1,000 maawa, uye hapana batch yakaratidza kuratidzwa kwesimbi mukati mehwindo iroro.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Kudzivirira ivhu kunoda maelectrode ekugadzirisa makemikari panzvimbo pematanda akajairwa?
Hapana muganho mumwe chete, asi mukuita, kana kusimba kwevhu kuchidarika 1,000 ohm-m pakadzika kwetsvimbo yakarongwa, ma electrode ekumisa makemikari kana ma ground modules anova chinhu chinodiwa. Pasi pe500 ohm-m, simbi yakaputirwa nemhangura yakakura zvakanaka inowanzo kwanisa kuramba zvakanaka. Pakati pe500 ne1,000 ohm-m, mainjiniya anofanira kuverenga kana simbi dzakadzika kana kuti dzakawanda-dzinotenderera dzichigona kusvika pakudzivirira kwadzinoda pasina kuwedzera makemikari.
Kangani pandinofanira kuongorora zvakare kuti ivhu harina simba mushure mekunge system yekugadzika yaiswa?
Zviyero zvakawanda zvinokurudzira kuyedzwa panguva yekushanda uye nguva nenguva mukati mehupenyu hwebasa. IEEE 81 inokurudzira kuyedzwa kwegore negore kana kwemakore maviri kwekuisa kwakakosha (zviteshi zvepasi, nzvimbo dzedata, zvipatara). Kune zvivakwa zvemaindasitiri zvine mamiriro evhu akagadzikana, nguva yekuongorora yemakore matatu kusvika mashanu inowanzoitwa. Gara uchiyedzazve mushure mekugadzirisa ivhu, kugadzira, kana kuchinja kwemvura panzvimbo.
Ndingashandisa multimeter yakajairika here paWenner 4-point test?
Kwete. Multimeter yakajairika haipinze magetsi akakwana muvhu uye haikwanise kuyera kudonha kwemagetsi ane impedance yepamusoro pakati pema electrodes anogona kushandiswa nemazvo. Unoda tester yekudzivirira pasi yakagadzirirwa nzira yeWenner. Zvishandiso izvi zvinopinza magetsi eAC pafrequency inodzivirira kukanganiswa kubva kuma harmonics emagetsi uye zvinoyera kuramba zvakananga.
Kobvu hwesimbi yemhangura hupi hwandinofanira kugamuchira patsvimbo yemhangura?
KuShibang, tinotsanangura jira remhangura risingasviki 0.254 mm pamuenzaniso wedu weAF-0232. Ukobvu uhwu hunopa dziviriro inonzwisisika yengura mukati memakore makumi mashanu ehupenyu hwebasa mumamiriro mazhinji evhu. Matanda emhangura akatetepa (ari pasi pe0.15 mm) anopera muvhu rine simba mukati memakore gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri, zvichiita kuti simbi iparare nekukurumidza. Gara uchibvunza mugadziri kuti akupe ukobvu hwakavimbiswa, kwete huwandu hwepakati kana hwepamusoro.
Kureba kwetsvimbo kunokosha kupfuura dhayamita yetsvimbo here kuti ikwanise kudzivirira ivhu zvishoma?
Ehe, kazhinji. Kuwedzera hurefu hwetsvimbo kune mhedzisiro yakakura pakuderedza kuramba kwevhu pane kuwedzera dhayamita. Tsvimbo refu inobata huwandu hwakawanda hwevhu uye inowanzosvika pakadzika, uye inofambisa mhepo. Dhayamita inobatsira mukuderedza kuramba (nzvimbo yakawanda pamusoro), asi mhedzisiro yacho ndeye logarithmic, kwete linear. Tsvimbo yemamita matatu padhayamita ye14.2 mm inowanzoita zvakanaka kupfuura tsvimbo yemamita 1.5 padhayamita ye25 mm muvhu rimwe chete.
Ndeipi nzvimbo yandinofanira kushandisa pakati pematanda epasi mumutsara wematanda akawanda?
Mutemo weinjiniya ndewekuti matanda enzvimbo aenzane nehupamhi hwemamita matatu. Pamatanda e3-meter, chengetedza nzvimbo iri pakati pe3-meter. Nzvimbo dzakasimba dzinoparadza matanda nekuti nzvimbo dzinoderedza kusimba dzinopindirana. Mamwe mainjiniya anosundira kusvika ka1.5 pane nzvimbo iri pakati pehudzamu kuti ashande zvakanaka, asi zvipingamupinyi zvevhu panzvimbo dzemaguta dzimwe nguva zvinomanikidza kurongeka kwakasimba. Dhizaini yacho inofanira kuratidza kusimba kwenzvimbo chaiyo, kwete kungofungidzira kupatsanurwa kuri nyore nenhamba yematanda.
Kupisa kwevhu kunokanganisa sei mashandiro etsvimbo yevhu munguva yechando?
Kana tembiricha yevhu yadzikira, simba rekudzivirira rinokwira. Pasi pechando, simba rekudzivirira rinogona kuwedzera ne5 kusvika ku10 zvichienderana nehunyoro uye rudzi rwevhu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti sisitimu yekudzika pasi ine hunyoro hwe4 ohms muzhizha inogona kuverenga 15-25 ohms pakati pechando kana nzvimbo yechando yasvika pakadzika kwetsvimbo. Munzvimbo dzinotonhora, rovera tsvimbo pasi pemutsetse wechando kana kushandisa ma electrodes emakemikari kuchengetedza denderedzwa rinofambisa mvura rakatenderedza muromo wetsvimbo kuburikidza nekuomesa-kunyunguduka kwevhu.
Ko tsvimbo dzemhangura dzakaputirwa nemhangura dzinoenderana here nekubatanidza exothermic welding?
Ehe. Matavi emhangura anogamuchira kubatana kwe exothermic (cadweld) kwakachena nekuti pamusoro pemhangura yekunze inopa substrate yakanaka yekuwelda. Weld inogadzira chisungo che molecular copper-to-copper chinodzivirira ngura kwehupenyu hwetsvimbo. Gara uchichenesa pamusoro petsvimbo usati wawelda uye tevera template yemugadziri weld yedhayamita yetsvimbo yauri kubatanidza.
Kuti uwane mhando dzese dzezvigadzirwa zvepasi zvinogadzirwa panzvimbo yedu, shanyira yeduchikamu chetsvimbo yepasi netsvimbo yepasipeji. Unogonawo kuverenga nezvechii chinonzi grounding uye nei ichikoshakubva kuzvinhu zvakawanda zveindasitiri.
Nezve Munyori
Jane Yang
Maneja wekutengesa kuXinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd.
Uyu ndiJane anobva kuXinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd iyo iri fekitori yehunyanzvi yekugadzira zvigadzirwa zve earthing uye lightning system kwemakore anopfuura gumi nemanomwe.
Ndiri maneja wekutengesa ane makore gumi nemaviri eruzivo mukudzivirira mheni uye kugadzirisa kutengeserana kwekunze.
Ini ndinonyanya kubatsira vatengi vekune dzimwe nyika nekutsvaga zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira mheni uye zvekudzivirira pasi kubva kuChina, ndichipa mabasa akazara anosanganisira kuongororwa kwemhando yepamusoro, kuronga mafambiro emagetsi uye magwaro ese ekutumira kunze kwenyika. Ndinogona zvakare kukubatsira kutenga zvimwe zvinhu zvine chekuita nemagetsi.
Ndine hunyanzvi, ndakavimbika uye ndiri nyore kutaura newe, ndakagadzirira kukupa mhinduro dzekutenga zvinhu kamwe chete.
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Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-24-2026