TL; DR

Impamvu ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ubutaka ari wo mubare wa mbere ukeneye

Mbere yo kugaragaza umurambararo w'inkoni yo hasi, mbere yo guhitamo hagati y'icyuma gipfutse umuringa n'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma cya galvanised, na mbere yo kubara umubare w'inkoni icyuma gikenera, ugomba kubara umubare umwe: ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubutaka aho ushyira. Icyemezo cyose cyo gushushanya gishingiye kuri ubwo bunini.

Muri Shibang, itsinda ryacu ry’abahanga risuzuma ibipimo by’imishinga yo ku migabane itandatu. Inkomoko imwe ikunze gutera ibibazo byo mu murima si inkoni ifite inenge cyangwa isano mbi. Ni sisitemu yo gufunga ubutaka yakozwe nta bushakashatsi buhagije ku bijyanye no guhangana n’ubutaka. Abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi basimbutse iyi ntambwe barangiza bakongera gukora, bongeramo inkoni z’inyongera, cyangwa bagakoresha uburyo bwo kuvugurura ubutaka amezi menshi nyuma y’itariki ya mbere yo gutangira.

Ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubutaka bukwereka uburyo ubutaka aho utuye burwanya cyane urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi. Isonga ry'umusozi wumutse kandi wumutse wo muri Ositaraliya yo hagati rishobora kuba rifite metero 2.000 za ohm. Inzu y'uruzi ikungahaye ku ibumba muri Bangladesh ishobora kuba ifite metero 30 za ohm. Icyitegererezo kimwe cy'icyuma gikozwe mu muringa gifata ibintu bitandukanye rwose muri ibyo bice bibiri, kandi igishushanyo kigomba kugaragaza iryo tandukaniro kuva gitangira.

Inzego zishinzwe ubuziranenge zirabyemera.Amabwiriza n'amahame ya NFPAimiterere, hamwe na IEC 62305 na IEEE 80, byose bisaba cyangwa bitanga inama zikomeye ku makuru yerekeye uburyo ubutaka bushobora kurwanywa mbere yuko igishushanyo mbonera cy’uburyo bwo gusimbuza ubutaka gitangira. Ushobora gusoma byinshi ku byerekeye ibintu by’ibanze byasisitemu zo gutwika ubutakan'ukoubutaka (amashanyarazi)akora mu by'amashanyarazi kugira ngo asobanukirwe impamvu iki gipimo kiyobora byose.

Icyo Ubutaka Budashobora Gukomeraho Mu By'ukuri Bipima

Ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubutaka bupima ubushobozi bw'ubutaka butangwa n'amashanyarazi aturuka ku ngano y'ubutaka. Injeniyeri zibugaragaza muri metero ohm (ohm-m). Umubare ushingiye ku bintu bine by'ingenzi:

Ubushyuhe.Amazi agabanya cyane ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’amazi. Ubutaka bwumye bushobora kuba bufite ubushobozi bwo gupima 1,000+ ohm-m; ubutaka bumwe ku bushobozi bwo mu murima bushobora kugabanuka munsi ya 100 ohm-m. Niyo mpamvu ibizamini by’igihe cy’igerageza ari ingenzi, kandi niyo mpamvu tugira inama yo gupima mu gihe cy’izuba ryinshi riteganijwe kugira ngo hamenyekane aho amazi ashobora kunyura mu buryo bubi cyane.

Ingano ya iyoni.Umunyu washongeshejwe mu mazi yo mu butaka wongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara amazi. Ahantu ho ku nkombe, ubutaka bw’ubuhinzi bufite amateka y’ifumbire, n’ahantu ho mu butayu hatuwe n’umunyu byose bitanga ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amazi menshi kurusha umucanga wa quartz. Inyandiko zacu zerekana ko abakiriya bo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati no muri Afurika y’Amajyaruguru bakunze guhura n’ubutaka bw’umucanga bushobora kwihanganira amazi menshi kandi busaba kongerwamo imiti.

Ubushyuhe.Ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka burushaho kwiyongera uko ubutaka bukonje. Ubutaka bukonje bushobora kongera ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka ku kigero cya cumi cyangwa kirenga ugereranije n'ubutaka bumwe kuri dogere selisiyusi 20. Imishinga yo mu majyaruguru ya Kanada, muri Scandinavie, cyangwa mu Burusiya igomba kubara akarere k'ubushyuhe bw'ubukonje no gushyira inkoni z'ubutaka munsi yabwo.

Imiterere y'ubutaka n'ubucucike bwabwo.Uduce tw’ibumba dukora neza kurusha umucanga cyangwa amabuye kuko dufata ubushuhe n’iyoni ku buso bwabyo bunini. Ibuye, shale, na granite yangiritse biratandukanye cyane. Ahantu hafite imiterere y’ubutaka hagaragaza ubushobozi butandukanye bwo guhangana n’amazi mu bujyakuzimu butandukanye, niyo mpamvu uburyo bwo guhangana n’ubujyakuzimu bw’amazi bugira akamaro kimwe no gupima ubuso.

Ikizamini cya Wenner cy'Amanota 4: Uburyo Injeniyeri zipima ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ubutaka mu murima

Uburyo bwa Wenner bwa 4-point bukomeje kuba uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima ubukana bw'ubutaka. Buroroshye, bushobora gutwarwa, kandi butanga ibisubizo byinjira mu mibare y'imiterere y'ubutaka. TestGuy itanga incamake nziza yabyasobanuwe ku igeragezwa ry’ubudahangarwa bw’ubutakamu buryo burambuye.

Injeniyeri zacu zo mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga zikurikiza ubu buryo kuri buri bushakashatsi bushya:

Intambwe ya 1: Imiterere.Shyira electrode enye zifite intera ingana mu butaka mu murongo ugororotse. Zishyireho amazina kuri C1, P1, P2, na C2 uhereye ibumoso ugana iburyo. Intera iri hagati ya buri mpande ebyiri zegeranye ni "a," hanyuma uhitemo iyi ntera ukurikije ubujyakuzimu bw'ubutaka ushaka gusuzuma. Intera ya metero 1 iguha ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ikirere ku rugero rwa metero 0.5 zo hejuru. Intera ya metero 10 imanuka kugeza kuri metero 5.

Intambwe ya 2: Shyiramo umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi.Huza icyuma gipima ubukana bw'ubutaka (nk'uruhererekane rwa Megger DET cyangwa Fluke 1621) kuri electrodes zo hanze (C1 na C2). Igikoresho gishyiramo umuriro wa AC uzwi mu butaka buri hagati yabyo.

Intambwe ya 3: Pima ubushobozi.Igikoresho gipima itandukaniro ry'amashanyarazi hagati ya electrode z'imbere (P1 na P2). Uku kugabanuka kw'amashanyarazi, kugabanijwemo n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi, biha agaciro k'ubudahangarwa R.

Intambwe ya 4: Kubara.Koresha formula ya Wenner:

Ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ingufu (rho) = 2 x pi xax R

aho "a" ari intera ya electrode muri metero na R ikaba ari uburinzi bupimwe muri ohms. Ibisubizo ni uburinzi bw'ubutaka muri ohm-m.

Isesengura ry'ubujyakuzimu.Subiramo ikizamini ku ntera nyinshi (1m, 2m, 5m, 10m, 20m) kugira ngo hubakwe imiterere y’ubujyakuzimu ugereranije n’ubujyakuzimu. Iyi imiterere igaragaza niba hari urwego rwo hejuru rw’ubutaka, ibyo bikaba byatuma inkoni zo gutwara zigera kuri metero 3 aho kuba metero 2.4 zisanzwe.

Igihe cyo gupima.Dusobanura uburyo bwo gupima mu gihe cy'izuba ryinshi riteganijwe, kuko uburyo bwo gupima ubutaka bugomba gukora umwaka wose. Gupima gusa mu gihe cy'imvura bitanga imibare myiza idagaragaza ibihe bibi by'impeshyi cyangwa amapfa.

Ikigo gishinzwe amashanyarazi mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba ya Arabiya Sawudite cyapimye ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubutaka ku bunini bwa Ω·m 1.800 mu gihe cy'izuba. Nyuma y'uko itsinda ryacu rya tekiniki rigennye inkoni eshatu z'umuringa za metero 3 (AF-0232, urwego rw'umuringa rwa 0.254mm) zitwarwa kugeza ku bujyakuzimu bwa metero 5 hamwe n'intera ya metero 6, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubutaka bwapimwe bwagabanutse bugera kuri 3.8 Ω - munsi cyane y'intego ya 5 Ω isabwa na IEC 62305 yo kurinda inkuba mu bigega byo kubikamo.

Uburyo Ubutaka Budashobora Guhinduka Bukoresha Inkoni zo Guteranya Inkoni zo Guteranya

Iyo umaze kubona amakuru yerekeye uburyo ubutaka bushobora kumererwa nabi, ushobora guhitamo inkoni ikwiye yo gutwika ubutaka ufite icyizere. Umubare w’uburyo bushobora kumererwa nabi ukubwira ibintu bitatu: ibikoresho bizarwanya ingese igihe kirekire muri ubwo butaka, imiterere y’inkoni (umurambararo n’uburebure) ukeneye, ndetse niba inkoni imwe izagera ku buryo ubutaka bushobora kumererwa nabi cyangwa niba ukeneye inkoni nyinshi mu buryo bumwe.

Dore uburyo rusange dukoresha muri Shibang mu gutanga inama ku bakiriya:

Iyi mbonerahamwe ni aho gutangirira, ntabwo ari ikintu gisimbura igishushanyo mbonera kirambuye. Injeniyeri agomba kandi gusuzuma pH y'ubutaka, ingano ya chloride, ingano ya sulfate, n'ihindagurika ry'ubushuhe kugira ngo ahitemo burundu ibikoresho. Turasobanura uburyo bwo guhuza ibikoresho mu gice gikurikira.

Ibyacuinkoni y'ubutaka ipfutse umuringaUbugari (icyitegererezo cya AF-0232) gifata uburebure kuva kuri mm 14.2 kugeza kuri mm 25 (inchi 5/8 kugeza kuri santimetero 3/4) n'uburebure kuva kuri metero 1.2 kugeza kuri metero 3.0 (inchi 4 kugeza kuri metero 10). Urukuta rw'umuringa rufite ubugari bwa mm 0.254 nibura hamwe n'ubuziranenge bwa 99.95% cyangwa burenga, rufatanye n'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gito cya karuboni. Ibi biha inkoni imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura (nibura 580 N/mm) kugira ngo igende neza mu gihe ikomeza kurwanya ingese nk'umuringa mu butaka bwinshi. Twemeza uyu murongo w'ibicuruzwa hakurikijwe ISO 9001:2008.

Mu ntangiriro za 2023, injeniyeri w’umushinga w’icyuma gipima 132 kV muri Tamil Nadu yagennye inkoni za galvanized kugira ngo agabanye uburemere bwo kugura ahantu hari umusozi uri kure. Ubwo itsinda ryacu ryasuzumaga raporo y’ubutaka — ubutaka bwa laterite, pH 4.8, resistivity 280 Ω·m ku bujyakuzimu bwa metero 3 — twagiriye inama yo guhindura inkoni za plastike nubwo uburemere bwazo buri hejuru kuri buri gice. Impamvu: pH nke ya laterite n’ingano nini ya oxide y’icyuma byihutisha kwangirika kwa zinc, kandi ahantu iri kure byatumye ibikoresho byo gusimbuza inkoni bizahenda. Injeniyeri yemeye inama. Nyuma y’imyaka ibiri ishyirwaho, imiterere y’ubudahangarwa bw’ubutaka igumana ubuziranenge kuri 1.6 Ω.

Guhuza Inkoni yo hasi n'imiterere y'ubutaka

Abakora inkoni zo gusya batanga amahitamo menshi y'ibikoresho, kandi buri kimwe gihuye n'imiterere y'ubutaka runaka. Dore uko tubihuza:

Inkoni z'icyuma zipfutse umuringa

Inkoni z'umuringa zivanze igice cy'imbere cy'icyuma (kugira ngo icyuma gikomere kandi kirambe) n'igice cy'inyuma cy'umuringa munini (kugira ngo icyuma kidatwarwa n'ingese kandi kidatwarwa n'ubutaka).inkoni y'ubutaka ipfutse umuringaImiterere ikoresha uburyo buhoraho bwo guhuza umuringa, ntabwo ari ugupfuka umuringa mu buryo buciriritse. Ibi ni ingenzi mu butaka buteye ubwoba aho urwego rw'umuringa rupfukanywe cyangwa rusutswe rushobora gutandukana uko igihe kigenda.

Inkoni zipfutse umuringa zikora neza mu butaka budafite aho buhuriye n’amazi (pH 6 kugeza 9) bufite ubushuhe buringaniye. Zirwanya ingese zituruka ku bintu byinshi bya shimi mu butaka kandi zigumana ubudahangarwa bw’ubutaka mu gihe cy’imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo. Tuzigena ku nganda z’amashanyarazi, sitasiyo nto, iminara y’amashanyarazi, sitasiyo z’itumanaho, ibibuga by’indege, gari ya moshi, inyubako ndende, n’inganda zitunganya peteroli. Igihe cyo gukoresha kirenga imyaka 50 mu butaka busanzwe.

Inkoni z'icyuma za galvanised

Dutanga igiciro cy'inkoni za galvanized (zifite zinc-coated) kiri hasi ugereranije n'iz'umuringa, kandi zitanga uburinzi bwemewe bwo kwangirika mu butaka bwa alkaline. Icyakora, amakuru dutanga ku nganda agaragaza ko zinc ishonga vuba kurusha umuringa mu butaka bushyushye (pH iri munsi ya 5) no mu butaka bufite sulfate nyinshi. Twanditse ingero nyinshi aho inkoni za galvanized mu butaka bushyushye zananiwe mbere y'igihe cy'akazi cyari giteganyijwe, niyo mpamvu tugira inama abakiriya bo mu turere dushyuha cyangwa twibasiwe n'imvura ya aside guhitamo umuringa upfutse hejuru y'uw'umuringa ku mushinga uwo ari wo wose ufite igihe cy'imyaka 25 cyangwa irenga.

Inyandiko zacu z'ingwate zo mu 2019 zoherejwe ku nkengero z'inyanja mu majyepfo ya Vietnam zigaragaza ko inkoni za galvanised zashyizwe mu butaka bufite pH ya 5.2 n'ubudahangarwa bwa 120 Ω·m zatangiye kugaragaza ingese igaragara ku buso mu mezi 18. Igishishwa cya zinc cyari cyagabanutse kuva kuri mikoroni 86 zagenwe kigera kuri mikoroni munsi ya 40 ku murongo w'ubutaka n'umwuka. Twasimbuje ibikoresho byose bya 240-rod units zipfutse umuringa ku giciro cyacu muri garanti, kandi izo nkoni zimaze imyaka irenga itanu zikora nta kwangirika gupimye gushoboka.

Electrode zo gusya ubutaka mu buryo bwa chimique

Iyo ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubutaka bukomeje kuba hejuru ya 500 ohm-m ndetse no mu bujyakuzimu, inkoni yambaye ubusa yonyine ntishobora kugera ku gaciro k'ubushobozi bwo kurwanya intego.Electrode zo gusya ubutaka hakoreshejwe imitikuzuza iki cyuho. Ibi bice birimo umuyoboro w'umuringa wuzuyemo imyunyu ngugu ugenda winjira buhoro buhoro mu butaka bukikije, bigabanura ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'amazi mu gihe cy'amezi n'imyaka. Bikomeza gukora neza mu turere tw'umuhengeri n'utw'amabuye aho ubushuhe bw'umwimerere budahagije.

Dutanga electrode z'imiti ku mishinga yo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, Afurika y'Amajyaruguru, na Ositaraliya yo hagati. Mu buryo busanzwe, umutekinisiye acukura umwobo, agashyiramo electrode, agashyiramo imvange y'amashanyarazi, hanyuma agahuza electrode n'umuyoboro mukuru w'ubutaka. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, gukwirakwira k'umunyu bituma electrode idashobora kurengerwa cyane.

Modules zo hasi

Moduli zo hasiBitanga ubundi buryo bwo kuvura ubutaka bugoye. Ibi bikoresho byakozwe mbere bihuza icyuma gitwara amashanyarazi n'ikintu gikikije ibikoresho bitwara amashanyarazi (akenshi biba bishingiye kuri karubone cyangwa ibumba). Abahanga babitwikira ahantu hakomeye mu muyoboro w'amazi kugira ngo bagabanye imbaraga zo kubungabunga ubutaka batitaye ku kwita ku butaka nk'uko amashanyarazi ya chimique akenera rimwe na rimwe.

Imashini zikoreshwa mu butaka zikora neza mu butaka buvanze aho hari urwego ruyobora amashanyarazi ariko rukaba rudafite ubujyakuzimu busanzwe bwo gutwara inkoni. Twarohereje imashini zikoreshwa mu butaka ku biro by’indege byo mu misozi miremire muri Andes, aho ibyuma bikoresha radar mu butayu muri Oman, ndetse no ku biro by’amashanyarazi byo ku nkombe z’inyanja muri Vietnam.

Reba Amahitamo Yose

Byose byacuIcyiciro cy'inkoni yo hasi n'inkoni y'ubutakaipfundikiye umuringa, icyuma gifunganye, icyuma kitagira umugese, n'imiterere yihariye. Guhitamo neza biterwa na raporo y'ubutabire bw'ubutaka bwawe, ubushobozi bwawe bwo guhangana n'icyo ushaka gukora, ndetse n'igihe cy'ubuzima giteganijwe cyo gushyiraho.

Ubujyakuzimu bw'Ishyirwaho, Ubugari bw'Inkoni, n'Itegeko ry'Inkoni nyinshi

Amakuru yerekeye uburyo ubutaka bushobora guhangana n’ubushyuhe bw’ubutaka anayobora ibipimo bitatu by’imiterere y’icyuma: uburebure bw’icyuma gikoreshwa, umurambararo w’icyuma gikoreshwa, n’ingano y’icyuma gikoreshwa.

Ubujyakuzimu

Inkoni zimbitse zigera ku butaka bufata ubushuhe bwinshi kandi bugatuma budashobora guhangana n’ubushyuhe bwinshi. Inkoni isanzwe yo mu rugo ishobora gukoresha inkoni ya metero 2.4 (metero 8). Inkoni yo hasi ikunze kugaragaza inkoni za metero 3 (metero 10). Mu turere dukunda guhangana n’ubushyuhe bwinshi, injeniyeri rimwe na rimwe zitwara inkoni kugeza kuri metero 6 cyangwa zirenga zihuza ibice byinshi.

Inkoni zacu zipfutse umuringa zifite agakoresho ko gufatanya gatuma ibice bihurira. Inkoni ya metero 3 ifite metero 1.5 yongereweho igera kuri metero 4.5. Gufatanya bigumana uburyo bwo kugororoka (ikosa rya mm 1/m cyangwa munsi yayo) binyuze mu ngingo kugira ngo inkoni idapfunyika mu gihe cyo kuyitwara.

Ingano

Ubugari bw'inkoni yo hasi bugira ingaruka ku kuramba kwa mashini mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho ndetse no ku kumara igihe kirekire ikora ingese. Inkoni ya mm 14.2 (santimetero 5/8) ikwiriye ahantu henshi ho gutura no mu bucuruzi bworoheje aho umushoferi cyangwa imashini icukura inyundo ikora. Inkoni ya mm 25 (santimetero 3/4) ikora imitwaro myinshi ya mashini yo gukurura mu butaka buto cyangwa bw'amabuye kandi igatanga ubuso bw'umuringa bwinshi bwo kugabanya ingese.

Inyandiko zacu zerekana ko inkoni za santimetero 5/8 zigize ubwinshi bw'ingano mu mishinga y'ikirere gishyushye (Amerika ya Ruguru, Uburayi, Aziya y'Iburasirazuba), mu gihe inkoni za santimetero 3/4 zisabwa cyane mu mishinga yo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati na Ositaraliya aho gukurura cyane mu butaka bukomeye ari ibintu bisanzwe.

Imiterere y'Inkoni nyinshi

Iyo inkoni imwe idashobora kugera ku rwego rwo guhangana n'ubutaka, wongeramo inkoni. Itegeko rusange: umwanya uregereye inkoni nibura ungana n'ubujyakuzimu bwazo. Ku nkoni za metero 3, koresha nibura intera ya metero 3. Iyi ntera ibuza uduce duto two kugabanya imbaraga dukikije buri nkoni guhurirana cyane.

Ubudahangarwa bw'urutonde rw'inkoni nyinshi si ukurwanya gusa urutoki rumwe rugabanyijemo umubare w'inkoni. Guhuza ubutaka n'ubutaka bigabanya imikorere. Urutonde rw'inkoni ebyiri rugera kuri 60% by'ubudahangarwa bw'inkoni imwe, ntabwo ari 50%. Urutonde rw'inkoni eshatu rugera kuri 45-50%. Iyi ni imibare igereranyijwe; igipimo nyacyo giterwa n'uburyo ubutaka bungana n'aho buri nkoni itandukaniye.

Inenge zirindwi zo gufunga imiterere y'ubutaka Laboratwari yacu y'uruganda yasanze ku mpapuro zasubijwe

Nyuma y'imyaka irenga 17 dukora ibikoresho byo gushushanya no gushyigikira imishinga ku isi yose, itsinda ryacu ryashyize ku rutonde amakosa ahoraho mu bijyanye n'imiterere n'uburyo byashyizweho agaragara mu iperereza ku garanti no mu bushakashatsi ku mishinga nyuma y'urupfu mu bihugu n'inganda. Amakosa arindwi ari hepfo atera ingaruka nyinshi ku nkoni zangiritse vuba kandi zigatuma ubutaka budakora neza:

Gusimbuka isuzuma ry’uburyo ubutaka bushobora kumera nabi.Hari igihe injeniyeri zikoresha agaciro k’ubutaka mu bitabo by’amasomo aho kugerageza aho buherereye. Ndetse no mu mutungo umwe, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ubutaka bushobora gutandukana inshuro eshanu hagati y’uruhande rw’amajyaruguru n’uruhande rw’amajyepfo bitewe n’imiterere y’amazi, amateka y’amazi, cyangwa ubujyakuzimu bw’amabuye.

Gupima ku bujyakuzimu bumwe gusa.Ikizamini kimwe cya Wenner ku cyuho kimwe nta na kimwe kikubwira ku birebana n'imiterere y'ubutaka. Buri gihe gerageza nibura intera eshatu kugira ngo umenye intera ziyobora, intera zirwanya, n'impinduka hagati yazo.

Kwirengagiza ihindagurika ry'ibihe by'umwaka.Gupima gusa mu gihe cy'imvura bitanga ibisubizo biyobya. Sisitemu zo gupima ubutaka zigomba gukora ahantu humutse cyane, hashyushye cyane kandi hakonje cyane aho hantu hazaba hameze. Dugira inama abakiriya yo gupima nibura kabiri: rimwe mu gihe cy'imvura n'irindi rimwe mu gihe cy'izuba.

Umurambararo w'inkoni utemewe neza.Gukoresha inkoni ntoya cyane iboneka kugira ngo ugabanye uburemere bw'ibikoresho bishobora gusa n'aho ari byiza ku mpapuro, ariko mu butaka bukomeye cyangwa mu mabuye, inkoni nto iragonda, igacika, cyangwa igacika mu gihe cyo kuyitwara. Ibi bitakaza igihe cyo kuyishyiraho kandi bigatuma sisitemu idakozwe neza. Twashyizeho inkoni za santimetero 25 ku hantu hose hari amabuye cyangwa imiterere ito.

Kwibagirwa guhuza.Iyo injeniyeri zikeneye ubujyakuzimu bwa metero 4.5 cyangwa metero 6, hari igihe zigerageza guhuza ibice bibiri by'inkoni. Gusudira byangiza urwego rw'umuringa ku ihuriro, bigatuma habaho ahantu hashyuha haterwa n'ingufu hadakora neza mu myaka myinshi. Buri gihe koresha uburyo bwagenewe guhuza butuma ijaketi ry'umuringa rigumana ubujyakuzimu.

Kwirengagiza ireme ry'itumanaho.Inkoni nziza cyane ku isi ntacyo imaze iyo guhuza icyuma n'icyuma gifata amashanyarazi bidafite ingano, byangiritse, cyangwa bikozwe mu byuma bidahuye. Imiyoboro y'umuringa n'umuringa hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gusudira bivangwa n'amashanyarazi cyangwa ibikoresho byakozwe mu byuma bigumana ubuziranenge bw'igihe kirekire. Kuvanga inkoni z'umuringa n'ibikoresho bya galvanic ahantu hatose birema ingirabuzimafatizo ya galvanic igabanya ingano y'amashanyarazi uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Kutamenya imiterere y'ubutaka.Ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingufu bwonyine ntibugaragaza ingese. Ubutaka bufite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ingufu buri ku rugero (300 ohm-m) ariko bufite sulfate nyinshi na pH nkeya buzatera umuringa vuba kurusha uko byari byitezwe. Buri gihe huza ikizamini cyo guhangana n’ingufu n’isesengura rya shimi y’ubutaka (pH, chloride, sulfate, ubushyuhe) kugira ngo uhitemo neza ibikoresho by’inkoni.

Laboratwari yacu nziza i Xinchang ikora ikizamini cyo gutera umunyu (ASTM B117) kuri buri cyiciro gishya cy’inkoni zikozwe mu muringa. Mu byiciro 47 biheruka (N=47, bingana n’inkoni 235.000 ku giti kimwe), ubugari bw’urwego rw’umuringa bwapimaga 0.268 mm hamwe n’impinduka isanzwe ya 0.012 mm. Nta gice cyaguye munsi ya 0.254 mm. Igihe cyo gupima ingese ni amasaha 1.000, kandi nta gice cyagaragaje ko icyuma gikozwe mu muringa kiri muri iryo dirishya.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa

Kugira ngo ubone ubwoko bwose bw'ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu gusya ubutaka bikorerwa mu kigo cyacu, suraIcyiciro cy'inkoni yo hasi n'inkoni y'ubutakaurupapuro. Ushobora kandi gusoma ibyerekeyeishingiro ni iki kandi impamvu ari ingenzibivuye ku masoko yagutse y'inganda.