Iyo ushyize mu bikorwa remezo by'itumanaho,inkoni y'ubutaka y'umunara wa telefoniUmurongo ku itegeko ryawe ryo kugura usa n'aho woroshye kandi nta kintu na kimwe kigaragara. Inkoni ni cyo kintu gihendutse cyane muri sisitemu yo gufunga, nyamara niyo igena niba sitasiyo y'ibanze izakomeza igihe cyayo cya mbere cy'inkuba - ndetse niba umukiriya wawe azongera kugugurira.Dukora inkoni z'ubutaka zifatanye n'umuringa zifite urwego rw'umuringa rwa mm 0.254 rufatanye n'icyuma gikomeye cyane, kandi nyuma y'imyaka 12 dukora ku biro byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga ndakubwira ko abacuruza ibintu batera imbere ari bo batanga inkoni nk'ibisobanuro, atari nk'ibicuruzwa.Iyi mfashanyigisho iguha ibisobanuro by'ingenzi, amahame abakiriya bawe bazatanga, ibizamini bigaragaza inkoni y'impimbano mu munota umwe, hamwe n'ibisobanuro by'amabwiriza bitandukanya agasanduku k'inguzanyo n'ikirego.
- Inkoni y'ubutaka y'umunara wa telefoni igomba kuba ifite urwego rw'umuringa rwa mm 0.254 (microns 254) hejuru y'inkingi y'icyuma, kuko ikintu cyose gito cyangirika mu myaka myinshi mbere y'uko igihe cyo gushushanya umunara kirangira.
- Dufata IEC 62561-2 nk'igipimo ngenderwaho cy'ibice bigena ibisabwa mu igeragezwa rya electrodes z'ubutaka, kandi igitabo cya Motorola cya R56 gishyiraho intego izwi cyane yo gushushanya ubutaka bwa 5-ohm, ibipimo byinshi by'iminara bizungura.
- Inkoni zacu zifatanye n'umuringa zitanga imbaraga zo gukomera za 580 N/mm² cyangwa zirenga, bityo zigakomeza kugwa mu butaka bukomeye aho inkoni zikomeye z'umuringa zigonda kandi inkoni za galvanised zigacika.
- Twishingikiriza ku igenzura ry’umunota umwe - caliper ku gice cy’imbere, magnet ku gice cy’imbere, ikizamini cyo kugonga ku gipimo - bigaragaza hafi inkoni zose zidafite ubuziranenge mbere yuko zigera ku munara.
- Uruganda rwacu rukora inkoni z'umuringa zigera ku 50.000 ku kwezi, zipakiye ibice 10 kuri buri paki n'udupaki 20 kugeza kuri 50 kuri paki, zoherezwa ziturutse i Shanghai cyangwa Ningbo hamwe n'inyandiko zose zo kohereza mu mahanga.
Umunara si inyubako: kuki gukoresha itumanaho mu gukwirakwiza ubutaka bikurikiza amategeko akaze?
Nabonye hafi buri mucuruzi dukorana yiga iri somo rimwe. Umunara w'itumanaho ni inyubako ndende, igaragara, akenshi iri ku musozi ifite ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bifatanye n'inkuba - uburyo bubi cyane bwo guhuza inkuba.Sisitemu yo gufunga ubutaka ku munara igomba gukora imirimo itatu icyarimwe: gutandukanya ibitero by’indege mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa ku nyubako ubwayo, gutwara umuriro w’amashanyarazi uturutse ku ngufu, no guha ibikoresho bya radiyo icyerekezo cyiza gituma urusaku rutagera mu nzira y’ikimenyetso.Ntukibone kimwe muri ibyo bitatu, kandi umukozi abibona mu mibare y'ibyananiranye mu mwaka umwe.
Mu bunararibonye bwacu, igishushanyo mbonera cy’aho hantu gikunze gukurikiza igice kimwe: icyuma gikingira umunara n’aho utuye, inkoni zihagaze zihambiriye kuri iyo mpande, imigozi kuri buri mpande z’umunara, n’ahantu hamwe ho gukingira ubutaka bw’amashanyarazi, itumanaho n’inkuba bihurira.Inkoni y'ubutaka ifatanye n'umuringa ni yo ihagaze hafi ya buri kimwe muri ibi bishushanyo, kuko ari bwo buryo bwonyine bwo kugera ku butaka butose kandi budakomera cyane, buri metero ebyiri cyangwa eshatu.Tubona icyerekezo kimwe mu bisobanuro by’ibigo by’indege byo mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, towercos muri Afurika n’imiyoboro y’umutekano rusange muri Amerika y’Epfo: impeta hamwe n’inkoni, inkoni hamwe n’inkoni, nta kindi kidasanzwe.
Amahame ngenderwaho: ni izihe nyandiko umukiriya wawe azagusubiza?
Twasanze iyo injeniyeri wa towerco asuzumye ibyo watanze, batabanza kujya impaka ku giciro - bazajya impaka ku bipimo ngenderwaho. Mfite inyandiko enye hejuru y'ameza yanjye kuko zikunze kugaragara.IEC 62561-2ni igipimo ngenderwaho cyo ku rwego rw'ibice kigaragaza ibisabwa n'ibizamini bya electrode z'ubutaka zikozwe mu byuma, bityo inkoni ivuga ko yujuje ibisabwa igomba kugaragaza ibimenyetso by'ibizamini biyishinja.Ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'aho hantu,Igitabo cya Motorola Solutions R56Injeniyeri z’urubuga rwa radiyo ziracyari ikimenyetso cy’uko inzobere ku isi yose zigendera ku mashanyarazi, hamwe n’igishushanyo mbonera cyayo cya 5-ohm gishingiye ku butaka ndetse n’imiterere yacyo ya ring-plus-rod. Imbere mu cyumba cy’ubuhunzi,ETSI EN 300 253isobanura imiterere y'ubutaka n'imibanire y'ibigo by'itumanaho, ndetse n'urwego rwo kurinda inkubaNFPA 780iyobora amasoko akurikiza ibyo Amerika ikora.
| Igisanzwe | Icyo iyobora | Icyo bisobanura ku itegeko ryawe ry'inkoni |
|---|---|---|
| IEC 62561-2 | Ibizamini by'ibice by'amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi y'ubutaka | Saba uruganda ibimenyetso by'ikizamini kuri electrode ubwayo |
| Motorola R56 | Igishushanyo n'igenzura ry'aho itumanaho riherereye | Tegereza imiterere y'ahantu hafite ubushobozi bwa 5-ohm hamwe n'impande-plus-rod |
| ETSI EN 300 253 | Gutunganya no guhuza imbere mu bigo by'itumanaho | Ibikoresho byo gufatanya n'inkoni bigomba guhuza n'uburyo bw'inkoni |
| NFPA 780 | Sisitemu zo kurinda inkuba mu masoko yo muri Amerika | Ingano y'imiterere y'ama-electrode hagati y'ama-electrode n'amategeko yo guhuza |
Turashaka kugaragaza ingaruka ku isoko ry’ibicuruzwa abacuruza ibicuruzwa benshi batazi.Uruganda rukora ibi bikurikira ubu buryo rubika raporo z'ibizamini, ibyemezo by'ibikoresho n'inyandiko z'ingano kuri buri gice cy'umusaruro, mu gihe umucuruzi wiyita uruganda ashobora gutanga gusa "icyemezo cy'ubuziranenge" gisanzwe kidafite inomero y'igice kandi nta laboratwari ibyihishe inyuma.Dukoresha sisitemu y'ubuziranenge ya ISO 9001:2008 — ushobora kugenzura icyo iryo hame risaba mu by'ukuri kuriurupapuro rwemewe rwa ISO 9001— kandi ku baguzi bashaka igeragezwa ry’amashanyarazi ry’ibikoresho by’ubutaka bigenewe imishinga yegereye,CEPRI (Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi ku Ingufu z’Amashanyarazi cy’Ubushinwa)ni urwego rwemewe rufite raporo z’inama z’amasoko zemera.
Umuringa uhambiriye, ukozwe muri galvani cyangwa ukozwe mu muringa ukomeye: ni gute electrode eshatu zigereranywa mu by'ukuri?
Twumva abakiriya bawe babaza impamvu badakwiye kugura inkoni ihendutse ya galvanised, cyangwa "iy'umuringa mwiza cyane". Ndasubiza nkoresheje imirongo itatu imwe buri gihe. Mu byo twohereza no muri raporo zo mu murima tubona, icyuma cya galvanised gitakaza uruhu rwacyo rwa zinc mu myaka myinshi mu butaka bushyushye, kandi iyo zinc imaze kugenda, igice cy'imbere cy'icyuma kirangirika vuba. Umuringa ukomeye ukora neza ariko ugonda mu gihe cyo gutwarwa cyane kandi uhenda inshuro nyinshi kuri metero imwe.Inkoni ifatanye n'umuringa iba mu mwanya wayo: igice cy'imbere cy'icyuma gitanga imbaraga zo gukurura 580 N/mm² zo gutwara, naho uruhu rw'umuringa rwa 0.254 mm rutanga imyitwarire yo kwangirika hafi y'umuringa ukomeye ku buryo igihe cyo gukora kirenga imyaka 50.
| Umutungo | Ifite umuringa ufatanye (ubwoko bwacu) | Icyuma gikozwe muri lisansi | Umuringa ukomeye |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ubuzima bwa corrosion mu butaka busanzwe | Imyaka ≥50 | Akenshi munsi y'imyaka 15 mu butaka buteye ubwoba | Imyaka ≥50 |
| Imbaraga zo gutwara | ≥580 N/mm² | Imiterere miremire ariko ipfutse ku modoka | Hasi - iragonda mu butaka bukomeye |
| Imyitwarire y'urwego rw'imodoka ku bijyanye no gutwara imodoka | Ubwumvikane bwa molekile buracyakomeza gukubitwa | Uduce twa zinc twakuweho | Nta cyiciro cyo gutakaza |
| Igiciro cy'ibikoresho ugereranyije | Umurongo w'ibanze | Igiciro gito mbere na mbere, kandi cyoroshye mu buzima bwose | Inshuro nyinshi z'ibanze |
| Ubujurire ku bujura bw'ibyatsi | Imbere mu cyuma cyo hasi | Nta na kimwe | Hejuru |
Ku bijyanye n'ibiciro nkomeza kubikora mu buryo bw'umwimerere, ariko nshobora gusangira igipimo kimwe cy'ukuri gituruka ku ibiciro byacu byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, ibyo bikaba bifasha mu rubanza rw'ubucuruzi:Inkoni y'umuringa isanzwe igura 30% kugeza kuri 50% munsi y'umurambararo n'uburebure bimwe mu muringa ukomeye, ahanini kubera ko igice cy'imbere cy'icyuma gisimbura hafi uburemere bwose bw'umuringa.Ugereranyije n’uko byakoreshejwe mu gufunga, birahenda cyane mbere y’igihe kandi bike mu gihe cy’ubuzima bw’umunara — kandi abakora iminara, bitandukanye n’abagura amazu, mu by’ukuri babara ikiguzi cy’ubuzima bwose.
0.254 mm si intero: ni gute wagenzura inkoni mbere yuko ijya mu butaka?
Dufata ubunini bw'urwego rw'umuringa nk'umubare ukoreshwa nabi cyane muri ubu bucuruzi. Imigozi yacu ifite umuringa ungana na 0.254 mm (microns 254) cyangwa irenga 99.95% by'umuringa w'umwimerere, kandi mbwira buri wese ucuruza ikintu kimwe: pima ubwawe ku itangwa rya mbere.Igenzura ritatu ryerekana hafi buri nkoni idafite ubuziranenge mu gihe kiri munsi y'umunota umwe - caliper cyangwa mikorometero ifite ubunini bw'urwego ku gipimo cyaciwe, ikizamini cya rukuruzi cyemeza igice cy'icyuma, n'ikizamini cyo kugonga cyangwa inyundo ku nkoni imwe y'igitambo.Inkoni ifatanye irarokoka iyo ikubiswe mu mabuye nta ruhu rucitse; inkoni ipfutse neza igaragaza imirongo y'icyuma cya feza ako kanya.
Twamenye ko kugororoka bifite agaciro kurusha uko abashya babitekereza. Umurongo wacu ugaragaza ikosa ryo kugororoka muri mm 1 kuri metero, kandi impamvu ni fiziki yoroshye:Inkoni igoramye igenda ku ruhande munsi y'inyundo, ntigera ku burebure bw'igishushanyo, kandi igasiga impeta ifite metero nke zihagaze za electrode ugereranyije n'uko injeniyeri yabibaze.Kubera ko ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ubutaka bushingiye ku burebure bwa electrode ihishe, inkoni igoramye ihindura bucece igishushanyo cya 5-ohm ikagihindura ukuri kwa 9-ohm, kandi nta muntu uyivumbura kugeza igihe ikizamini cya mbere cyananiranye.
Imigozi, ingingo n'uburebure: ni gute wahuza inkoni n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'umunara?
Mu ngano y'umunara tubona, ibipimo byinshi bisaba inkoni za santimetero 14.2 cyangwa santimetero 3/4 mu burebure bwa metero 2.4 cyangwa metero 3.0, kandi umusaruro wacu ugizwe n'umurambararo kuva kuri mm 14.2 kugeza kuri mm 25 n'uburebure kuva kuri metero 1.2 kugeza kuri metero 3.0 hamwe n'insinga zifite imigozi, ndende cyangwa zigororotse. Twizera ko amahitamo y'ingenzi aho hantu ari imiterere ya nyuma.Inkoni zifite imigozi zigenda mu buryo butaziguye; inkoni zifite imigozi zemera imigozi ifatanye, bityo abakozi bashobora kunyonga inkoni ebyiri cyangwa eshatu kugira ngo zigere kuri metero eshanu cyangwa esheshatu iyo ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubutaka budakomeye butari bwiza.Dukoresha imigozi izunguruka aho gukata imigozi, kuko imigozi izunguruka igumana urwego rw'umuringa ku muzi w'imigozi aho imigozi izunguruka igaragaza icyuma.
Hari ibisobanuro bimwe nshimangira mu nyandiko: ibikoresho byo guhuza bigomba kuba bihuye n'inkoni.Ibikoresho byo gupfunyika, imigozi yo gupfunyika n'imitwe yo gutwara bigomba gutangwa mu buryo bumwe n'imigozi, kuko amahame y'imigozi adahuye ari cyo kibazo cy'ingenzi twumva ku bacuruza imigozi n'ibikoresho bitandukanye.Ku muyobora w'impeta utambitse, iminara myinshi ihuza inkoni n'iyacuinsinga y'icyuma ipfutse mu muringa, bituma sisitemu yose ipfukiranwa ku buryo bumwe bwo gukoresha umuringa hejuru y'icyuma. Ushobora kubona umuryango wose wa electrode muriIcyiciro cy'inkoni yo hasi ipfutse umuringaharimo nainkoni y'ubutaka ikoze mu muringaihinduka ry'imishinga iyigaragaza muri iryo zina.
Duhereye ku biro byacu byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga: ni iki mu by'ukuri gikubiyemo mu gutumiza inkoni ziteguye gukwirakwiza ibicuruzwa?
Tuzi neza ko ibyo dutanga ku biro byacu byo kohereza ibicuruzwa birangiye, kohereza ibicuruzwa byuzuye bigufasha guhita ugurisha; ibyo utanga kugurisha ibicuruzwa byuzuye bibura impapuro zabyo biba biri mu bubiko bwawe mu gihe umukiriya wawe ahamagaye.Ipaki yacu isanzwe yo kohereza mu mahanga ibyuma bifatanye n’umuringa irimo inyemezabuguzi y’ubucuruzi, urutonde rw’ibipakiye, icyemezo cy’aho ibintu bikomoka, icyemezo cy’ibikoresho kivuga ubuziranenge bw’umuringa n’ubugari bw’urwego, na raporo y’ingano kuri buri gice - itegurwa rimwe n’umusaruro, ntiyigeze ikurikiranwa.Dupakira inkoni 10 kuri buri gapfunyika mu miyoboro ya PVC hanyuma tugashyiramo udupfunyika 20 kugeza kuri 50 kuri buri gapfunyika, bityo agapfunyika kuzuye kaza hamwe n'imibare y'udupfunyika itsinda ryawe ry'ububiko rishobora kugenzura mu minota mike.
Ku bijyanye n'ubushobozi n'uburyo ibintu bikomeza, reka nshyire imibare yo ku mapaji yacu yemewe ku mbonerahamwe:Uruganda rwacu rwa Xinchang rufite uruganda rwa metero kare 3.000 rufite abakozi barenga 40 bakora uruganda n'itsinda ry'abantu 5 bakora ubushakashatsi n'iterambere, rukora inkoni zifatanye n'umuringa zigera ku 50.000 buri kwezi, rwohereza mu bihugu birenga 60, kandi rwohereza mu mahanga miliyoni 15 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu 2022.Tubwira abakwirakwiza ibicuruzwa kubaka gahunda y'imyaka myinshi ko ubu burebure ari ingenzi kurusha igiciro icyo ari cyo cyose —Dufite ibisabwa byo gusubiramo kuri dosiye, bityo agasanduku kawe ka kabiri gahuye n'aka mbere kugeza ku ijwi ry'umugozi.Ibyacuurupapuro rw'inkoni ifatanye n'umuringaigaragaza urutonde rw'ibipimo byose, maze itsinda ryanjye rigasubiza ibibazo bireba imiterere y'ibyo rikora ku munsi umwe w'akazi.
Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa
Ibipimo byinshi by'iminara ya telecom bisaba uburebure n'uburebure bungana iki?
Dukoresha inkoni za santimetero 14.2 na santimetero 3/4 mu burebure bwa metero 2.4 na metero 3.0, akenshi inkoni ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi kuri buri kaguru k'umunara zifatanye n'uruziga rushyinguye. Ingano yacu ingana na mm 14.2 kugeza kuri mm 25 na metero 1.2 kugeza kuri metero 3.0, bityo dushobora guhuza neza ibisobanuro bya kera.
Ahantu hasanzwe ho gucukura umunara hakenera inkoni zingahe z'ubutaka?
Dukurikije ingano dutanga buri kwezi, umunara usanzwe ufite amaguru atatu cyangwa ane ufite uruziga rw'ubwihisho ukunze kugwa hagati y'inkoni 8 na 16, ukazamuka aho ubushobozi bw'ubutaka bugarukira cyane. Umushushanyi w'aho hantu agena umubare wa nyuma uhereye ku ntego ya 5-ohm, kandi igereranya ryacu ryavuzwe haruguru riguha ishusho y'urwego rw'igenamigambi.
Ese koko 0.254 mm z'umuringa ni ngombwa, cyangwa 0.1 mm zirahagije?
Turakugira inama yo gufata umurongo wa mm 0.254, kandi uburambe bwacu mu by’ingwate bugaragaza ko uwo mwanya uhagaze. Ibyuma bito bihita byangirika mbere cyane mu butaka bushyushye, kandi itandukaniro ry’igiciro kuri buri gikoresho ni rito ugereranije n’igiciro cy’amashanyarazi yo kongera gutwara ahantu hakorerwa umunara muzima nyuma y’imyaka mike.
Ese inkoni zifatanye n'umuringa zishobora gusukwa ku buryo bwa exothermic ku muyobora impeta?
Yego — mu iduka ryacu bwite dusudira inkoni zifatanye n’umuringa ku mpeta dukoresheje ibumba zisanzwe zihuye n’umurambararo w’inkoni, kandi igice cy’imbere cy’icyuma gifata ibumba nta kibazo. Dushobora kohereza ibumba, gusudira ibyuma n’inkoni mu gikoresho kimwe kugira ngo abakozi badategereza undi mutanga.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibizamini nasaba uruganda?
Turakugira inama yo gusaba ibintu bitatu: icyemezo cy'ibikoresho kigaragaza ubuziranenge bwa 99.95% bw'umuringa n'ubugari bw'urwego, imibare yo gukurura no kugorora kuri buri gice, hamwe n'ibimenyetso byose bya IEC 62561-2 byerekana electrode. Uruganda nyarwo rubikora mu buryo bumwe bwo kohereza ubutumwa; umucuruzi akenshi ntashobora kubikoresha.
Ese utanga ibikoresho byo gupfunyika n'ibyo gufatanya bijyana n'inkoni?
Yego, kandi turagusaba cyane kuvuga inkoni, imigozi ifatanye, imitwe ihambira hamwe n'imigozi ihambira hamwe. Amahame ngenderwaho y'imigozi ahuye ni yo atandukanya imikorere myiza n'iy'abakozi bahagaze, kandi gushakisha ibicuruzwa rimwe bikuraho burundu ingaruka mbi.
Inkoni zipakirwa gute kugira ngo zoherezwe mu mahanga?
Dupakira inkoni 10 kuri buri gapfunyika mu miyoboro ya PVC, tugashyiramo udupfunyika 20 kugeza kuri 50 kuri buri gapfunyika, hanyuma tukabyohereza tuvuye i Shanghai cyangwa Ningbo. Urutonde rw'ibipaki rugaragaza umubare w'udupfunyika, bityo ububiko bwawe bushobora kugenzura kontineri tudafunguye buri gapfunyika.
Kubaka umunara cyangwa kongera kuvugurura ibipimo by'aho hantu?
Twoherereze gahunda y'inkoni — umurambararo, uburebure, umugozi, ingano kuri buri kibanza — hanyuma tuzagusubiza ipaki ijyanye n'inkoni, imigozi ihuza, imigozi n'ibikoresho byo gusudira hamwe n'ibyemezo by'urwego rw'ibice hamwe n'igiciro cy'uruganda.
Jane Yang— Umuyobozi ushinzwe ubucuruzi, Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd.
Jane amaze imyaka 12 akora ku biro byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga by’uruganda rwacu rushinzwe kurinda inkuba n’imirabyo, afasha abacuruza ibikorwa remezo by’itumanaho kubona inkoni z’ubutaka zifatanye n’umuringa, ibyuma biyobora CCS n’ibikoresho byo hasi bifite icyemezo cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga hamwe n’inyandiko yuzuye y’ibyohereza mu mahanga.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 16 Nzeri 2026