Sizwaukushisela okushisayo vs izibamboIngxoxo yamasonto onke, futhi isici esinqumayo akusikho ukusebenza kosuku lokuqala - kokubili kungalinganiswa kahle ekuqalisweni. Yilokho okwenzekayo ku-ukumelana nokuxhumeka komhlabangemva kweminyaka engama-20 ye-chemistry yenhlabathi, ukujikeleza kokushisa kanye nemisinga yamaphutha. NginguJane Yang, umphathi wezokuthengisa e-Xinchang Shibang New Material, ifektri ekhiqize izinhlelo zokushisela ze-exothermic kanye nama-grounding clamps omshini iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-17, ngakho-ke asinawo umthelela ekwenzeni sengathi ubuchwepheshe obuthile bunqoba yonke indawo. Kulo mhlahlandlela siqhathanisa ukuthi amajoyinti ashisiwe namabholidi aguga kanjani ngaphansi komhlaba, lokho okudingwa yi-IEEE 837 kanye nemininingwane yokusetshenziswa, kanye nezimo ezithile lapho sisancoma khona i-clamp yekhwalithi ngaphezu kwe-weld.
- Sikhumbuza abathengi ukuthi i-bolted ground clamp incike ekucindezelweni kokuthintana; izincwadi zokuguga ze-US NRC (NUREG-1800) zibala ukukhululeka kokuxhumeka kwe-bolted kusuka ekujikelezeni kokushisa kanye nokwanda kokumelana kokuxhumeka okuvela ekushiseni noma ekulahlekelweni kokulayisha kwangaphambili njengezindlela zokuguga ezibhalwe phansi.
- Ezikhumbeni zethu, i-exothermic weld ihlanganisa ama-conductors abe yi-molecule eyodwa - ayikho indlela yokuxhumanisa futhi ayikho i-bolt yokushintsha i-torque, yingakho izinsiza ezifana ne-Arkansas Electric Cooperative zigunyaza ukuxhumeka kwe-exothermic ngaphansi komhlaba futhi zikuhlole ngaphambi kokugcwalisa i-backfill.
- I-IEEE 837 ifanelekela ukuxhumeka okuhlala njalo kwesisekelo sesiteshi esincane — okushibilikayo ngaphakathi kwegridi, izintambo zomhlabathi ezixhunywe kuyo, kanye nezintambo ezixhunywe emishinini — futhi ukudlulisa lokhu kuwubufakazi obuqine kakhulu bokuthi i-joint izomelana nokuphila kwesikhathi sokufakwa.
- Iseluleko sethu eminyakeni engama-20 ezayo silandela umkhuba wobunjiniyela: ukuhlola kabusha ukuxhumana komhlabathi ogqitshwe njalo eminyakeni emi-5 — njalo eminyakeni emi-3 enhlabathini enamandla — umjikelezo wokulungisa lapho ijoyinti elihlanganisiwe liphuma khona.
- Sisacacisa ama-clamp omshini angaphezu kwebanga, ezindaweni ezingahlolwa kanye nomsebenzi wokulungisa; ama-clamp ethu ethusi nawethusi anempilo yesevisi elinganiselwe engaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 uma efakiwe lapho angahlolwa futhi aphinde ashiswe khona.
Kungani Ukumelana Nokuxhumeka Kunquma Ukuthi Ijoyinti Eliyinhlabathi Liyasinda Yini Iminyaka Engu-20
Sichaza zonke izinhlelo zokumba umhlabathi kubathengi abasha njengeketanga: i-electrode, i-conductor, kanye namajoyinti aphakathi kwazo. I-electrode ingaba ephelele futhi i-conductor ibe nkulu kakhulu, kodwa uhlelo lusahluleka uma ukumelana kwejoyinti elilodwa kukhuphuka. Ugesi wephutha kanye nogesi wombani kokubili kuthatha indlela yokuvimbela okuncane, kanye namandla ajoyinti awonakele ageleza nge-bottleneck - ukuyifudumeza kakhulu futhi isheshise ukubola kwayo.
Ezifundweni zethu zokuqeqesha, i-physics ye-bolted joint yilapho siqala khona. I-Current inqamula i-interface eboshwe kuphela ngamaphuzu okuxhumana amancane; ngisho nezindawo ezifakwe kahle zithinta eziqongweni ze-asperity ezimboza ingxenye encane yendawo ebonakalayo. Ukumelana nokuminyana kulawo maphuzu, kanye nokumelana nefilimu okuvela kuma-oxide kanye ne-chemistry yenhlabathi, yilokho okulinganiswa ukuhlolwa kokugunyazwa.Noma yini enciphisa ingcindezi yokuthintana noma eyenza ifilimu ibe lukhuni — ukukhukhuleka, ukujikeleza kokushisa, ukugqwala — iphakamisa ukumelana kwejoyinti, futhi ukushisa okwengeziwe okuvela ekulahlekelweni kwe-I²R kondla iluphu.
Sithola ukuthi ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kushintsha ukuqhathanisa ngokuphelele. Sitshela abasabalalisi ukuthi ukushisela kanye ne-clamp akuzona izintengo ezimbili zomsebenzi ofanayo; kuyiphrofayili ezimbili ezihlukene zokuguga — enye ine-interface yensimbi ezohlaselwa yi-physics, kanti enye ayinayo nhlobo i-interface.
Lokho Okwenziwa Yi-Two Decades Underground Kwi-Bolt Clamp
Sithembele ezincwadini zobunjiniyela ezibhalwe kahle lapho sichaza ukuthi ukuxhumeka kwamabholidi kuguga kanjani. Ireferensi yokuphathwa kokuguga ye-US Nuclear Regulatory Commission,I-NUREG-1800 (umbiko we-General Aging Lessons Learned)— izinsizakusebenza zedokhumenti ezisebenzisayo ukuze zithethelele amashumi eminyaka okusebenza isikhathi eside kwesitshalo — zibala ukuxhumeka kwe-switchyard kanye nalokho esikubhekile emajoyintini omhlaba:ukukhululeka kokuxhumeka okunamabholidi ngenxa yokujikeleza kokushisa kanye nokushisa kwe-ohmic, futhiukumelana okukhulu kokuxhumana ngenxa ye-oxidation noma ukulahlekelwa ukulayisha kusengaphambiliUkulahlekelwa kwezinto ngenxa yamakhemikhali okugqwala kokubili.
Ekubuyekezweni kwethu kokwehluleka, umjikelezo ngamunye womthwalo ufudumeza ijoyinti, izinsimbi zanda ngamazinga ahlukene, futhi ibholithi liphumula ngama-micron. Ukuphumula ngakunye kwandisa ukumelana kokuthintana, okuphakamisa izinga lokushisa lamalunga, okusheshisa i-oxidation - onjiniyela bokulungisa iluphu abaziqinisayo abaziwa ngokuthi i-hot-joint spiral. Siphawula ukuthingaphansi komhlaba, awukwazi ukubona i-clamp eyonakele, i-thermography ayikwazi ukuyifinyelela, futhi i-re-torque isho ukumbaYingakho ubunjiniyela bokumboza umhlabathi obufihliwe budinga ukuhlolwa kabusha njalo —isiqondiso semboni mayelana nokufakwa kwe-IEEE 80Sincoma ukuhlolwa kabusha njalo eminyakeni emi-5, kanye neminyaka emi-3 enhlabathini enolaka. Sibala ukuthi eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20 lokhu kufinyelela emijikelezweni emine kuya kweyisithupha yokuhlola nokumba ilunga ngalinye elisolwayo.
Sifuna ukucaca ukuthi akukho kulokhu okwenza ama-clamp abe yimikhiqizo emibi — kuwenza abe yimikhiqizo enesidingo sokunakekelwa okumele ibekwe ngentengo eqotho kulokho okucacisiwe. Sithengisa izinkulungwane zama-clamp njalo ngenyanga; iphutha ukungayithengi i-clamp, liwukungcwaba eyodwa bese uyikhohlwa.
I-Exothermic Weld: I-Molecular Joint Engenalutho Olusele Lokuqinisa Kabusha
Siyakwazisa ukushisela kwe-exothermic ngoba kususa ngokuphelele i-interface. Ishaja elilinganisiwe le-copper oxide kanye ne-aluminium powder liphendula ngaphakathi kwe-graphite mold crucible — izibunjwa zethu ze-AF-0401 kanye ne-AF-0314 ziyi-graphite esezingeni eliphezulu elinganiswe ngemijikelezo yesevisi engu-50-100, futhi sibona amalunga angu-80-100 nge-mold ngayinye ekusetshenzisweni kwensimu — futhi ama-alloy ethusi ancibilikisiwe avelayo afaka ama-conductor engxenyeni eyodwa yensimbi eqhubekayo. Akukho ngcindezi yokuxhumana okufanele ilahleke, akukho ifilimu okufanele iqine, akukho bhawodi okufanele iphumule.Ukumelana kwejoyinti kumane nje kuwukumelana kwethusi eliqinile.
Kusukela edeskini lethu lokuthumela ngaphandle, sibuka umhlaba ochazayo uhlangana kuma-weld ukuze kwenziwe umsebenzi ofihliwe.I-IEEE 837ikhona ngqo ukuze ifanelekele ukuxhumeka okuhlala njalo okusetshenziswa ekusekelweni kwesiteshi esincane — ukuxhumeka okungaphakathi kwegridi, izintambo zomhlaba ezixhunywe kuyo, kanye nezintambo ezixhunywe emishinini nasezinhlakeni. Sibona izinsiza zikubhala ezinkontilekeni:Izidingo zokuxhumeka kwe-Arkansas Electric Cooperativesho ngokucacile ukuthiukuxhumeka komhlaba kufanele kube uhlobo lwe-exothermic, futhi inhlangano ebambisene inelungelo lokwenza kanjalohlola yonke inethiwekhi ngaphambi kokugcwalisa i-backfilling. Uma i-utility ingabuka ijoyinti kanye kuphela - ngaphambi kokuba inyamalale ngaphansi komhlaba - ikhetha ijoyinti elingashintshi.
Indawo yethu yasefektri ilula: kunoma yikuphi ukuxhumana okufihliwe, okungafinyeleleki, noma okubalulekile ekuphepheni, chaza i-weld. Sithanda ukusho ukuthi imizuzwana engama-60 umjikelezo wesikhunta owuthathayo ekufakweni ukunakwa kokugcina okuzodingeka yijoyinti.
Ukuxhumana Okuhlanganisiwe: Ukuxhumeka Okuhlanganisiwe vs Ukuxhumeka Kwebholti Esikhathini Seminyaka Engu-20
Sihambisa abasabalalisi kulokhu kuqhathanisa lapho bechaza iphrojekthi. Qaphela ukuthi ayikho ikholomu ewinayo - impendulo efanele incike ekutheni i-joint ihlala kuphi.
| I-Factor Iminyaka Engaphezu Kwengu-20 | Ukushintshwa kwe-Exothermic | I-Clamp Yomshini |
|---|---|---|
| Isakhiwo samalunga | Ingxubevange yama-molecular — akukho interface | Ukuthintana kwengcindezi esibonakalayo esinama-bolt |
| Umkhuba wokumelana | Izinzile; ilingana nokumelana nomqhubi | Ikhuphuka iye phezulu nge-oxidation kanye nokulahlekelwa ukulayisha kusengaphambili |
| Izindlela zokuguga ezibhalwe phansi | Ukugqwala ngesivinini esifanayo nesomqhubi uqobo | Ukukhululeka komjikelezo wokushisa, i-oxidation, ukulahlekelwa ukulayisha kusengaphambili, ukugqwala |
| Ukugcinwa kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 | Akukho — hlola kanye ngaphambi kokugcwalisa kabusha | Hlola kabusha njalo eminyakeni emi-3-5; ukugubha bese uphinda uguqule i-torque uma kugqitshwe |
| Iphutha kanye nombani wamanje | Ithwala njengomqhubi; akukho ndawo eshisayo | Ilunga elonakele liba yindawo eshisayo ye-I²R ngaphansi kwephutha |
| Ikhono lokufaka namathuluzi | Umjikelezo wesikhunta wemizuzwana engama-60, akukho khono elikhethekile, akukho mandla | Ukuzithiba kwe-wrench kanye ne-torque; kudinga ukufinyelelwa kabusha |
| Isikhundla esingcono kakhulu | Amalunga angcwatshwe, angafinyeleleki, abalulekile ekuphepheni | Amalunga angaphezulu kwebanga, angahlolwa, afakwa kabusha kanye nawesikhashana |
| Izinto zokwakha ezibiza kakhulu ngejoyinti ngayinye (ezivela kuma-export quotations ethu) | Isebenza cishe ngo-30-50% ngaphezu kwejoyinti eliboshwe, ikakhulukazi ngoba i-weld ngayinye idla i-cartridge yempuphu esetshenziswa kanye kanye kanye nengxenye yokuphila kwesikhunta (amalunga angu-50-100) | Izindleko zokuqala eziphansi — ihadiwe kuphela, akukho zindleko ezisebenzisekayo |
| Ukungenelela kokulungisa okuhleliwe eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20 | 0 — hlola kanye ngaphambi kokugcwalisa kabusha | Ukumba, ukuhlola kabusha kanye nokuphindaphinda imijikelezo ye-torque (i-cadence yeminyaka engu-3-5) |
| Impilo yesevisi elinganisiwe | Ifanisa umqhubi uqobo — akukho ukuxhumana okuhambisana nobudala | Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50 ezikhundleni ezingahlolwa (isilinganiso sethu sochungechunge lwe-XJ-J1047) |
Sakhe lesi sikhethi njengosizo lokuqala lokukhetha — bese sithumela imininingwane yephrojekthi ukuze sithole impendulo ehleliwe:
Ukushisela Noma I-Clamp? Usizo Lweminyaka Engu-20 Lokuthatha Isinqumo
Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20, ijoyinti elihlanganisiwe liphumelela ekuqineni kokumelana noma ngabe ukufinyelela kokulungisa akukuhle. NgobaUkumelana kwe-clamp kuncike kumafilimu okuxhumana agciniwe kanye namafilimu okuxhumana ahlanzekile - womabili amakhemikhali enhlabathi agugulekayo - kuyilapho ukumelana kwe-weld kumane kuyithusi, inketho engenakulungiswa ibusa zonke izindawo ezifihliwe noma ezibalulekile ekuphepheni.
Lapho Ama-Mechanical Clamps Eseyimpendulo Efanele
Sikholelwa ukuthi ukuqhathanisa okuqotho kufanele kusho lokhu ngokusobala: ama-clamps ahlala eyisinqumo esifanele sobunjiniyela ezimweni zangempela. Ibanga elingaphezulu — kuma-transformer neutrals, izixhumanisi zokuhlola, imigoqo yomhlaba kanye nozimele bemishini — ijoyinti elihlanganisiwe lingahlolwa ngokwencazelo, kanti uchungechunge lwethu lwe-XJ-J1047 lunezithwali zethusi, ithusi kanye nethusi elihlanzekile.impilo yesevisi elinganisiwe engaphezu kweminyaka engama-50ngeI-ISO 9001:2015-umkhiqizo oqinisekisiwe ngemuva kwawo. Sincoma ukubamba umsebenzi wokulungisa kabusha lapho ama-conductor engenakuhlanzwa futhi alolongwe khona - kwenza isekethe iphephe namuhla. Sibheka ukushisela ithuluzi elingalungile ngomklamo noma kuphi lapho ijoyinti kumele linqanyulwe ngamabomu ukuze lihlolwe - isixhumanisi sokuhlola yisimo sakudala.
Ukuziphatha kwethu nabasabalalisi kusekelwe ezikhundleni:shisela lokho okungcwabayo, qinisa lokho ongakubonaSibona ama-BOM axubile kuma-oda amaningi okuthumela ngaphandle — umsebenzi wokuvikela umbani ungashisela yonke i-conductor ewela ngaphansi kwebanga futhi ubophe izixhumanisi zokuhlola zokuqeda umoya, kusukela ekuthunyelweni okukodwa.
Indlela Esisekela Ngayo Zombili Izinketho Ezivela Kumboni Eyodwa
Sikhiqiza izinhlangothi zombili zalokhu kuqhathanisa, yingakho iseluleko sethu sihlala sithembekile. Ifektri yethu, i-Xinchang Shibang New Material, ikhiqize izikhunta zokushisela ezishisayo kanye nezimpuphu kanye nama-grounding clamps iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-17 kusukela e-Xinchang, e-Zhejiang, amahora amabili kusukela emachwebeni ase-Ningbo nase-Shanghai. Iphrofayili yenkampani yethu esemthethweni iqopha irekhodi elilinganiselwe:imikhiqizo ithengiswa emazweni angaphezu kwama-60, ifektri engamamitha-skwele angu-3,000 enabasebenzi bokukhiqiza abangaphezu kwama-40 kanye nabasebenzi be-R&D aba-5, umkhiqizo wanyanga zonke ongaphezu kwezingcezu ezingama-200,000, kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okungaphezu kwama-USD ayizigidi eziyi-15 ngo-2022.Umugqa wethu we-exothermic uhlinzeka ngezingcezu eziyi-10,000 ngenyanga, ukukhiqizwa kuhlolwa yi-I-CEPRI (Isikhungo Socwaningo Lwamandla Kagesi saseShayina), futhi ithimba lethu le-QC lidlulisa yonke i-mold and clamp batch uchungechunge lwekhwalithi olunezigaba eziyisithupha kusukela ekuhlolweni okungenayo kuya ekuhlolweni kwekhwalithi kokugcina.
Emsebenzini wethu wokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, amaphrojekthi ahamba kahle abelana ngomkhuba owodwa: umthengi uthumela ishejuli yomqhubi kanye nezikhundla zokuhlangana, bese ithimba lethu libuyisela uhlelo lokuxhumanisa lwesikhundla ngesikhundla — ama-weld acacisiwe ngemodeli yesikhunta kanye nosayizi wekhatriji, ama-clamp acacisiwe ngesiqondiso sezinto zokwakha kanye ne-torque — esitsheni esisodwa esixubile esinesethi eyodwa yedokhumenti. Uma ulinganisaukushisela okushisayo vs izibamboUkuze uthole iphrojekthi ebukhoma, lelo hlelo yilokho ideski lethu lokuthumela ngaphandle elizokuthumelela khona.
Hlola zombili izigaba: zethuizinhlelo zokushisela ze-exothermic, iisikhunta sokushisela se-thermitumndeni, wethuizibambo zokusekela zethusi, kanye nokugcweleisigaba sokushisela se-exothermic.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Ingabe ukushisela kwe-exothermic kuhlala iminyaka engama-20 ngaphansi komhlaba?
Yebo — i-weld ihlanganisa ama-conductors abe yi-metal body eyodwa, ngakho-ke i-joint iyabola ngesivinini esifanayo ne-conductor uqobo futhi ayinayo i-interface yoku-oxidize noma i-bolt ukuze ikhululeke. Izinsiza zichaza ukuxhumana kwe-exothermic kwama-grid angcwatshwe ngqo ngoba akukho lutho olushintshayo ejointini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi; i-Arkansas Electric Cooperative, isibonelo, iyalela ukuxhumana komhlaba kwe-exothermic futhi iyakuhlola ngaphambi kokugcwalisa.
Kungani ukumelana nokuxhumeka kwe-clamp kukhuphuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?
Sicaphuna izindlela ezintathu ezibhaliwe: ukujikeleza kokushisa kukhulula umthwalo wangaphambi kwebholithi, ukufudumala kwenza ifilimu yokuxhumana ibe lukhuni endaweni yokuxhumana, kanye nokugqwala kwenhlabathi kususa izinto. Izincwadi zokuguga ze-US NRC (NUREG-1800) zibala ukukhululeka kokuxhumeka kwebholithi kusukela ekujikelezeni kokushisa kanye nokwanda kokumelana kokuxhumeka kusukela ekushiseni noma ekulahlekelweni komthwalo wangaphambi kwesikhathi njengemiphumela yokuguga eyaziwayo - umjikelezo ngamunye uphakamisa ukumelana, okuphakamisa izinga lokushisa lamalunga, okusheshisa umjikelezo.
Isho ukuthini i-IEEE 837 ngokukhetha kwami ukuxhumana?
I-IEEE 837 iyindinganiso yokuxhuma okuhlala njalo okusetshenziswa ekusekelweni kwesiteshi esincane — amalunga angaphakathi kwegridi kanye nezintambo eziya emishinini nasezinhlakeni. Uhlobo lokuxhuma oludlula i-IEEE 837 lukhombisile ukuthi luzothwala amaza okuphazamiseka futhi lumelane nemvelo impilo yomklamo wokufakwa; ama-weld e-exothermic awuxhumano olujwayelekile olufaneleka yileli zinga.
Kufanele kuhlolwe kangaki ukuxhumeka komhlabathi ongcwatshwe phansi?
Silandela isiqondiso semboni sokufakwa kwe-IEEE 80: siphinde sihlole njalo eminyakeni emi-5, siqinise njalo eminyakeni emi-3 enhlabathini enamandla. Impilo yokuklama yeminyaka engama-20 esho imijikelezo yokuhlola emine kuya kweyisithupha - ewusizo kuma-clamp afinyelelekayo, ukumba okubizayo kwama-clamp agqitshwe phansi, futhi okungadingeki kuma-clopped joints.
Ingabe ama-clamps emishini angcono kunama-welds e-exothermic?
Impendulo yethu inguyebo — ngaphezu kwebanga, ezinhlanganisweni zokuhlola kanye nasezingodweni zomhlaba, emsebenzini wokulungisa kabusha, nanoma yikuphi lapho ijoyinti kumele linqanyulwe khona. Ezindaweni ezingahlolwa khona, i-brass yethusi noma i-bronze clamp esezingeni eliphezulu inikeza impilo yayo yesevisi ephelele (yethu idlula iminyaka engama-50) ngoba ukulungiswa ekudingayo kungenzeka lapho.
Ingabe kunzima ukwenza ukushisela kwe-exothermic ensimini?
Sithi cha. Le nqubo ayidingi amandla angaphandle futhi ayikho ikhono elikhethekile lokushisela: hlanza ama-conductor, cindezela isikhunta, faka i-cartridge yempuphu ehambisanayo, vula ngesibhamu se-flint, vumela ukuthi siphole. Ama-mold ethu alinganiswe ngamajoyinti angu-50-100 ngalinye, futhi sixuba i-powder nezinto zakho zomqhubi kanye nosayizi ukuze i-joint yakheke kahle njalo ngomjikelezo.
Ingabe umhlinzeki oyedwa anganikeza kokubili ama-weld kanye nama-clamps ephrojekthi?
Siphendula ngoyebo, futhi siyakuncoma. Sikhiqiza kokubili, ngakho-ke i-oda elilodwa lingamboza amajoyinti agqitshwe nge-welded kanye nezikhundla eziboshwe ngaphezulu kwebanga esitsheni esisodwa ngesethi yesitifiketi esisodwa - futhi uhlelo lokuxhuma lutshela ithimba lakho ukuthi yiluphi ubuchwepheshe oluya kusiphi isikhundla.
Ukucacisa ukuxhumana kwesistimu yokumba umhlaba yeminyaka engama-20?
Sithumelele ishejuli yakho yomqhubi kanye nezikhundla zokujoyina — sizokubuyisela uhlelo lwesikhundla ngesikhundla: ama-weld anezinombolo zesikhunta kanye nekhatriji, ama-clamp anezinto zokwakha kanye nesiqondiso se-torque, isitsha esisodwa esixubile.
UJane Yang— Umphathi Wokuthengisa, i-Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd.
UJane uchithe iminyaka eyi-12 edeskini lokuthumela ngaphandle efektri yethu yokuvikela umhlaba kanye nombani, esiza amakhasimende aphesheya kwezilwandle ukukhetha nokuthola izinhlelo zokushisela ze-exothermic, ama-grounding clamp, izinduku zomhlaba kanye nama-conductor ngokuhlola okugcwele kanye nokusekelwa kwemibhalo.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-17-2026