Timamvakuwotcherera kwa exothermic vs clampsMkangano wa sabata iliyonse, ndipo chinthu chofunikira si kuchita bwino kwa tsiku loyamba - zonse ziwiri zimatha kuyesedwa bwino pakuyambitsa ntchito. Ndicho chomwe chimachitika kwakukana kulumikizana kwa nthakapatatha zaka 20 ndikuchita chemistry ya nthaka, cycling thermal ndi ma fault currents. Ine ndine Jane Yang, manejala wogulitsa ku Xinchang Shibang New Material, fakitale yomwe yakhala ikupanga ma exothermic welding systems ndi ma mechanical grounding clamps kwa zaka zoposa 17, kotero tilibe gawo pakudzinenera kuti ukadaulo umodzi umapambana kulikonse. Mu bukhuli tikuyerekeza momwe ma welded ndi bolt joints amakalamba pansi pa nthaka, zomwe IEEE 837 ndi ma utility specifications amafuna, ndi zochitika zinazake zomwe tikulimbikitsabe clamp yabwino kuposa weld.
- Timakumbutsa ogula kuti chomangira cha pansi cholumikizidwa ndi bolti chimadalira mphamvu yokhudzana ndi kukhudzana; mabuku okalamba a US NRC (NUREG-1800) amalemba kumasuka kwa ma bolti kuchokera ku kutentha komanso kukana kwa kulumikizana chifukwa cha okosijeni kapena kutayika kwa katundu woyambirira ngati njira zodziwika bwino zokalamba.
- Mu mawonekedwe athu, chotenthetsera cha exothermic chimaphatikiza ma conductors kukhala cholumikizira chimodzi cha molekyulu - palibe njira yolumikizirana kuti ipangitse okosijeni ndipo palibe bolt kuti ibwezeretse mphamvu, ndichifukwa chake mabungwe monga Arkansas Electric Cooperative amalamula kuti ma exothermic connections agwiritsidwe ntchito pansi pa nthaka ndikuyang'ana asanadzazenso.
- IEEE 837 imayeneretsa kulumikizana kwa malo okhazikika a pansi pa siteshoni — zolumikizira mkati mwa gridi, zitsulo zapansi zolumikizidwa nayo, ndi zitsulo zolumikizidwa ku zida — ndipo kuzipereka ndi umboni wamphamvu kwambiri wakuti cholumikiziracho chidzakhala cholimba pa nthawi yonse ya kukhazikitsa.
- Malangizo athu kwa zaka 20 akutsatira njira ya uinjiniya: kuyesanso kulumikizana kwa nthaka yobisika zaka 5 zilizonse — zaka 3 zilizonse mu dothi lolimba — nthawi yokonza yomwe cholumikizira cholumikizidwa chimatulukamo.
- Timaikabe ma clamp amakina pamwamba pa kalasi, m'malo oti ayang'aniridwe komanso pa ntchito yokonzanso; ma clamp athu a mkuwa ndi bronze amakhala ndi moyo wopitilira zaka 50 akayikidwa komwe amatha kuyang'aniridwa ndikusinthidwanso.
Chifukwa Chake Kukana kwa Kulumikizana Kumasankha Ngati Chigwirizano cha Earthing Chikhalabe ndi Moyo Zaka 20
Timafotokozera dongosolo lililonse la nthaka kwa ogula atsopano ngati unyolo: electrode, kondakitala, ndi zolumikizira pakati pawo. Electrode ikhoza kukhala yangwiro ndipo kondakitala imakhala yayikulu kwambiri, komabe dongosololi limalepherabe ngati kukana kwa cholumikizira chimodzi kukwera. Mphamvu yamagetsi yolakwika ndi mphamvu yamagetsi zonse zimatenga njira ya impedance yochepa, komanso mphamvu ya cholumikizira yowonongeka yomwe imadutsa m'khosi mwa botolo - kuitenthetsa kwambiri ndikuwonjezera kuwonongeka kwake.
Mu maphunziro athu, sayansi ya cholumikizira cholumikizidwa ndi bolt ndi komwe timayambira. Mphamvu imadutsa mawonekedwe olumikizidwa kudzera m'malo olumikizirana ndi ma microscopic; ngakhale malo opangidwa bwino amakhudza pamwamba pa asperity peaks omwe amaphimba gawo laling'ono la malo owonekera. Kukana kwa kukanikiza pamalo amenewo, kuphatikiza kukana kwa filimu kuchokera ku ma oxide ndi mankhwala a nthaka, ndi zomwe mayeso oyambitsa amayesa.Chilichonse chomwe chimachepetsa kupsinjika kwa kukhudzana kapena kukulitsa filimuyo — kukwera, kutentha kwa thupi, dzimbiri — chimawonjezera kukana kwa cholumikiziracho, ndipo kutentha kowonjezera kuchokera ku kutayika kwa I²R kumadyetsa kuzungulira.
Timapeza kuti kupanga mafelemu kumasintha kufananiza konse. Timauza ogulitsa kuti weld ndi clamp si mitengo iwiri ya ntchito imodzi; ndi mbiri ziwiri zosiyana zakukalamba - imodzi yokhala ndi mawonekedwe achitsulo omwe fizikisi ingaukire, ndipo ina yopanda mawonekedwe konse.
Zimene Two Decades Underground Imachitira ndi Bolted Clamp
Timadalira mabuku olembedwa bwino aukadaulo tikamafotokoza momwe ma bolt connections amakalamba. Buku la US Nuclear Regulatory Commission lonena za kasamalidwe ka ukalamba,NUREG-1800 (Lipoti la Maphunziro Omwe Anaphunzira pa Ukalamba)— zomwe makampani opanga zikalata amagwiritsa ntchito pofotokoza chifukwa chake chomeracho chakhala chikugwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri — amalemba mndandanda wa maulumikizidwe a switchyard omwe timayang'ana kwambiri m'malo olumikizira nthaka:kumasuka kwa ma bolt connections chifukwa cha kutentha kwa thupi komanso kutentha kwa ohmicndikuwonjezeka kwa kukana kwa kulumikizana chifukwa cha okosijeni kapena kutayika kwa preloadKutayika kwa zinthu chifukwa cha dzimbiri zonse ziwiri.
Mu ndemanga zathu zolephera, kayendedwe kalikonse ka katundu kamatenthetsa cholumikizira, zitsulo zimakula pamlingo wosiyanasiyana, ndipo bolt imapumula ndi ma micron. Kupumula kulikonse kumawonjezera kukana kwa kulumikizana, komwe kumakweza kutentha kwa cholumikizira, komwe kumathandizira kusungunuka kwa okosijeni - mainjiniya odzisamalira okha omwe amachidziwa kuti ndi chozungulira cholumikizira chotentha. Tikuwonetsa kutipansi pa nthaka, simungathe kuwona chogwirira chonyowa, kutentha kwa thupi sikungafikire, ndipo kubwezeretsanso mphamvu kumatanthauza kufukulaIchi ndichifukwa chake ntchito za uinjiniya zophimba nthaka m'manda zimafuna kuti ziyesedwenso nthawi ndi nthawi —malangizo a makampani pa kukhazikitsa kwa IEEE 80Timalimbikitsa kuyesanso zaka 5 zilizonse, komanso zaka zitatu zilizonse m'nthaka yolimba. Tikuwerengera kuti pazaka zoposa 20 izi zikutanthauza kuti padzakhala nthawi zinayi mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi zoyesera ndikufukula pa cholumikizira chilichonse chomwe chikukayikiridwa.
Tikufuna kumveketsa bwino kuti palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chimapangitsa kuti ma clamp akhale oipa — chimapangitsa kuti akhale zinthu zomwe zimafunika kukonzedwa zomwe ziyenera kugulitsidwa pamtengo wofanana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa. Timagulitsa ma clamp ambirimbiri mwezi uliwonse; cholakwika ndichakuti sitigula clamp, koma ndikuiwala imodzi.
Cholumikizira cha Exothermic: Cholumikizira cha Molecular Chopanda Chotsalira Choti Chimangiriridwenso
Timaona kuti kulumikiza kwa exothermic n'kofunika kwambiri chifukwa kumachotsa mawonekedwe ake onse. Mphamvu yoyezedwa ya oxide yamkuwa ndi ufa wa aluminiyamu imakhudzana mkati mwa chopangira graphite mold — ma mold athu a AF-0401 ndi AF-0314 ndi abwino kwambiri pa 50-100 service cycles, ndipo timaona ma joints 80-100 pa chopangira chitsulo chilichonse chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda — ndipo ma alloy amkuwa osungunuka omwe amapangidwa ndi izi amaika ma conductors kukhala chitsulo chimodzi chopitilira. Palibe kupsinjika komwe kumakhudzana ndi kukhudzana komwe kumafunika kutaya, palibe filimu yokhuthala, palibe bolt yoti ipumule.Kukana kwa cholumikiziracho ndi kukana kwa mkuwa wolimba.
Kuchokera pa desiki yathu yotumizira kunja, tikuona dziko lofotokozera likugwirizana ndi ma weld kuti ntchito yobisika ichitike.IEEE 837Pali cholinga chokhazikitsa maukonde okhazikika omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika pansi pa siteshoni - maukonde omwe ali mkati mwa gridi, ma lead apansi olumikizidwa nayo, ndi ma lead olumikizidwa ku zida ndi zomangamanga. Timaona makampani opereka magetsi akulemba izi m'mapangano:Zofunikira pa kulumikizana kwa Arkansas Electric Cooperativenenani momveka bwino kutikulumikizana kwa pansi pa nthaka kuyenera kukhala kwa mtundu wa exothermicndipo kampaniyi ili ndi ufulu wochita iziyang'anani kulumikizana kulikonse musanadzazenso. Pamene chipangizo chothandizira chingathe kuyang'ana cholumikizira kamodzi kokha - chisanazimiririke pansi pa nthaka - chimasankha cholumikizira chomwe sichisintha.
Malo athu a fakitale ndi osavuta: pa cholumikizira chilichonse chobisika, chosafikirika, kapena chofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo, tchulani cholumikizira. Timakonda kunena kuti masekondi 60 omwe nkhungu imatenga poyika ndiye chisamaliro chomaliza chomwe cholumikiziracho chidzafunika.
Kulumikizana kwa Welded vs Bolted Ground kwa Zaka 20
Timafotokozera ogawa zinthu poyerekezera izi akamafotokoza za polojekiti. Dziwani kuti palibe gawo lililonse lomwe likunena kuti wopambana ndiye amene watenga zonse — yankho lolondola limadalira komwe gululo limakhala.
| Zinthu Zoposa Zaka 20 | Chotchinga cha Exothermic | Chopondera cha Makina |
|---|---|---|
| Kapangidwe ka malo olumikizirana | Aloyi wa molekyulu — palibe mawonekedwe | Kulumikizana kwa kuthamanga pa mawonekedwe olumikizidwa |
| Chizolowezi chotsutsa | Yokhazikika; yofanana ndi kukana kwa kondakitala | Amakwera mmwamba ndi okosijeni ndi kutayika kwa katundu woyambirira |
| Njira zolembedwa zokalamba | Kutupa kwa dzimbiri pamlingo womwewo monga kondakitala mwiniwake | Kumasuka kwa kutentha, okosijeni, kutayika kwa katundu woyambirira, dzimbiri |
| Kukonza kwa zaka zoposa 20 | Palibe — yang'anani kamodzi musanadzazenso | Yesaninso zaka 3-5 zilizonse; kufukula ndi kubwezeretsanso mphamvu ya torque ngati yakwiriridwa |
| Cholakwika ndi mphezi | Amanyamula ngati kondakitala; palibe malo otentha | Cholumikizira chowonongeka chimakhala malo otentha a I²R omwe ali ndi vuto |
| Luso lokhazikitsa ndi zida | Kuzungulira kwa nkhungu kwa masekondi 60, palibe luso lapadera, palibe mphamvu | Kulamulira kwa wrench ndi torque; ikufunika kubwezeretsedwanso |
| Udindo wabwino kwambiri | Malo obisika, osafikirika, komanso ofunikira chitetezo | Zolumikizira zapamwamba, zowunikira, zokonzanso komanso zosakhalitsa |
| Zipangizo zotsika mtengo kwambiri pa cholumikizira chilichonse (kuchokera ku mtengo wathu wotumizira kunja) | Imayenda pafupifupi 30–50% pamwamba pa cholumikizira cholumikizidwa, makamaka chifukwa cholumikizira chilichonse chimadya katiriji ya ufa wogwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha komanso gawo la moyo wa nkhungu (majoyinti 50–100) | Mtengo wotsika woyamba — zida zokha, palibe ndalama zogulira |
| Zokonzekera zokonza zomwe zakonzedwa kwa zaka zoposa 20 | 0 — yang'anani kamodzi musanadzazenso | Kufukula, kuyesanso ndi kubwerezanso kayendedwe ka torque (kayendedwe ka cadence ka zaka 3-5) |
| Moyo wautumiki wovoteledwa | Ikugwirizana ndi kondakitala yokha — palibe mawonekedwe ogwirizana ndi ukalamba | Zaka zoposa 50 m'malo oti muyang'anire (mlingo wathu wa XJ-J1047) |
Tinapanga chosankha ichi ngati chithandizo choyamba chosankha — kenako titumizireni tsatanetsatane wa polojekitiyi kuti tipeze yankho lokonzedwa:
Kulukana kapena Kuyika Chitseko? Thandizo la Zaka 20 la Kusankha
Kwa zaka zoposa 20, cholumikizira cholumikizidwacho chimapambana pa kukhazikika kwa kukana kulikonse komwe kulibe mwayi wokonza. ChifukwaKukana kwa clamp kumadalira pa filimu yosungidwa yodzaza kale ndi mafilimu oyera olumikizana - onse omwe mankhwala a dothi amawonongeka - pomwe kukana kwa weld ndi mkuwa chabe, njira yopanda kukonza imalamulira malo aliwonse obisika kapena ofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo.
Pamene Ma Clamp a Makina Akadali Yankho Lolondola
Tikukhulupirira kuti kuyerekeza koona mtima kuyenera kunena izi momveka bwino: ma clamps amakhalabe chisankho cholondola cha uinjiniya pazochitika zenizeni. Pamwamba pa kalasi — pa transformer neutrals, ma test links, earth bars ndi ma frames a zida — cholumikizira cholumikizidwa chimatha kuwonedwa malinga ndi tanthauzo, ndipo mndandanda wathu wa XJ-J1047 mu zonyamula zamkuwa, zamkuwa ndi zamkuwa zoyera.moyo wautumiki wovomerezeka wopitilira zaka 50ndiISO 9001:2015-kupanga kotsimikizika kumbuyo kwake. Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mugwiritse ntchito chomangira chokonzanso pomwe ma conductor sangatsukidwe ndikuwumbidwa mozungulira - zimapangitsa kuti dera likhale lotetezeka masiku ano. Timaona kuti cholumikizira cholakwika chimapangidwa ndi cholumikizira chilichonse chomwe chimayenera kuchotsedwa mwadala kuti chiyesedwe - ulalo woyesera ndiye chitsanzo chachikale.
Udindo wathu ndi ogulitsa umadalira udindo:sungunula zomwe mwabisa, sungani zomwe mungathe kuzionaTimaona ma BOM osakanikirana m'maoda ambiri otumiza kunja - ntchito yoteteza mphezi imatha kulumikiza kondakitala iliyonse yosakwanira bwino ndikutseka maulalo oyesera mpweya, kuchokera ku katundu mmodzi.
Momwe Timathandizira Zosankha Zonse ziwiri Kuchokera ku Fakitale Imodzi
Timapanga mbali zonse ziwiri za kufananiza kumeneku, ndichifukwa chake upangiri wathu umakhala wowona mtima. Fakitale yathu, Xinchang Shibang New Material, yapanga zoumba zolumikizira ndi ufa pamodzi ndi zomangira pansi kwa zaka zoposa 17 kuchokera ku Xinchang, Zhejiang, maola awiri kuchokera ku madoko a Ningbo ndi Shanghai. Mbiri yathu yovomerezeka ya kampani ikuwonetsa mbiri yoyezedwa:Zinthu zogulitsidwa kumayiko opitilira 60, fakitale ya 3,000 m² yokhala ndi antchito opanga oposa 40 ndi antchito 5 a R&D, zotulutsa pamwezi zopitilira 200,000, ndi zotumiza kunja zopitilira USD 15 miliyoni mu 2022Mzere wathu wa exothermic umapereka zidutswa 10,000 pamwezi, kupanga kumayesedwa ndiCEPRI (China Electric Power Research Institute), ndipo gulu lathu la QC limadutsa gulu lililonse la nkhungu ndi chogwirira unyolo wa magawo asanu ndi limodzi kuyambira pakuwunika kobwera mpaka pakuwunika komaliza kwa khalidwe.
Mu ntchito yathu yotumiza kunja, mapulojekiti omwe amayenda bwino kwambiri amakhala ndi chizolowezi chimodzi: wogula amatumiza ndondomeko ya kondakitala ndi malo olumikizirana, ndipo gulu lathu limabwezera dongosolo lolumikizirana la malo ndi malo - ma welds otchulidwa ndi mtundu wa nkhungu ndi kukula kwa katiriji, ma clamp otchulidwa ndi chitsogozo cha zinthu ndi torque - mu chidebe chimodzi chosakanikirana chokhala ndi seti imodzi ya zikalata. Ngati mukulemera, kulemera kwake kumafanana ndi kulemera kwake.kuwotcherera kwa exothermic vs clampsPa pulojekiti yomwe ikuchitika pompopompo, dongosolo limenelo ndi lomwe desiki yathu yotumiza katundu kunja idzakutumizirani.
Fufuzani magulu onse awiri: athumakina olumikizira a exothermic,nkhungu yowotcherera ya thermitbanja lathu, lathuzomangira za mkuwa, ndi zonsegulu la exothermic welding.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi kuwotcherera kwa exothermic kumatenga zaka 20 pansi pa nthaka?
Inde — cholumikiziracho chimalumikiza ma conductors kukhala chitsulo chimodzi, kotero cholumikiziracho chimawononga pamlingo womwewo ndi kondakitala yokha ndipo sichikhala ndi mawonekedwe oti chizisungunuka kapena kusungunuka kuti chimasuke. Mabungwe othandizira amatchula kulumikizana kwa exothermic kwa ma gridi obisika chifukwa palibe chomwe chimasintha pakapita nthawi; Mwachitsanzo, Arkansas Electric Cooperative imalamula kulumikizana kwa exothermic pansi pa nthaka ndikuyang'ana asanadzazenso.
N’chifukwa chiyani kukana kulumikizana ndi clamp kumawonjezeka pakapita nthawi?
Tatchula njira zitatu zolembedwa: kutentha kwa mpweya kumatsitsimutsa bolt preload, okosijeni kumakulitsa filimu yolumikizirana pamalo olumikizirana, ndipo dzimbiri la nthaka limachotsa zinthu. Mabuku okalamba a US NRC (NUREG-1800) amalemba kumasuka kwa ma bolt connections kuchokera ku kutentha kwa mpweya komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kukana kulumikizana kuchokera ku okosijeni kapena kutayika kwa preload monga zotsatira zodziwika za ukalamba - kuzungulira kulikonse kumawonjezera kukana, komwe kumakweza kutentha kwa mafupa, komwe kumafulumizitsa kuzungulira.
Kodi IEEE 837 imatanthauza chiyani pa njira yanga yolumikizirana?
IEEE 837 ndiye muyezo wolumikizira kokhazikika komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyika pansi pa siteshoni - malo olumikizira mkati mwa gridi ndi zingwe zolowera ku zida ndi zomangamanga. Mtundu wolumikizira womwe umadutsa IEEE 837 wasonyeza kuti udzakhala ndi mafunde olakwika ndikuteteza chilengedwe kuti chikhale cholimba nthawi yonse yopangira; ma weld a exothermic ndiye mgwirizano wakale womwe muyezo uwu umakwaniritsa.
Kodi kulumikizana kwa malo obisika kuyenera kuyesedwanso kangati?
Timatsatira malangizo a makampani pa kukhazikitsa kwa IEEE 80: kuyesanso zaka 5 zilizonse, kumangika zaka zitatu zilizonse m'nthaka yolimba. Kwa zaka 20, kapangidwe kameneka kamatanthauza nthawi yoyesera inayi mpaka isanu ndi umodzi — yothandiza pa ma clamp opezeka mosavuta, kufukula kokwera mtengo kwa ma clamp obisika, komanso yosafunikira pa ma clamp olumikizidwa.
Kodi ma clamp amakina ndi abwino kuposa ma exothermic welds?
Yankho lathu ndi inde — pamwamba pa kalasi, pa ma test links ndi earth bars, pa ntchito yokonzanso, ndi kulikonse komwe cholumikiziracho chiyenera kuchotsedwa. M'malo omwe mungayang'anire, cholumikizira cha mkuwa kapena bronze chapamwamba chimapereka moyo wake wonse wautumiki (wathu umaposa zaka 50) chifukwa kukonza komwe kumafunikira n'kotheka kumeneko.
Kodi kuwotcherera kwa exothermic kumakhala kovuta kuchita m'munda?
Timakana. Njirayi siifunikira mphamvu yakunja komanso luso lapadera lowotcherera: yeretsani ma conductor, gwirani nkhungu, yikani katiriji ya ufa wofanana, yatsani ndi mfuti ya flint, lolani kuti izizire. Ma mold athu ali ndi ma joint 50-100 iliyonse, ndipo timasakaniza ufawo ndi zinthu zanu ndi kukula kwake kuti cholumikiziracho chipangidwe bwino nthawi iliyonse.
Kodi wogulitsa m'modzi angapereke zosungunula ndi zomangira pa ntchito?
Timayankha kuti inde, ndipo tikukulimbikitsani. Timapanga zonse ziwiri, kotero oda imodzi imatha kuphimba malo olumikizirana obisika ndi malo omangika pamwamba pa kalasi imodzi ndi seti imodzi ya satifiketi - ndipo dongosolo lolumikizira limauza gulu lanu ukadaulo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo ati.
Kutchula maulumikizidwe a dongosolo la nthaka la zaka 20?
Titumizireni ndondomeko yanu ya kondakitala ndi malo olumikizirana — tidzakubwezerani dongosolo la malo ndi malo: ma weld okhala ndi manambala a nkhungu ndi makatiriji, ma clamp okhala ndi zipangizo ndi chitsogozo cha torque, chidebe chimodzi chosakanikirana.
Jane Yang— Woyang'anira Malonda, Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd.
Jane wakhala zaka 12 akugwira ntchito yotumiza kunja kwa fakitale yathu yoteteza nthaka ndi mphezi, kuthandiza makasitomala akunja kusankha ndikupeza makina olumikizirana a exothermic, ma grounding clamp, ndodo za nthaka ndi ma conductor ndi chithandizo chokwanira komanso zolemba.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-17-2026