Ka rongo tātou i tete whakarewa werawera me te whakapirite tautohetohe ia wiki, ā, ehara te mahi o te rā tuatahi te mea nui hei whakatau — ka taea e rāua te ine ataahua i te wā whakatūnga. Ko te mea tēnei e pā ana kiātete hononga whenuawhai muri i te 20 tau o te matū oneone, te huringa wera me ngā ia hapa. Ko Jane Yang ahau, te kaiwhakahaere hokohoko i Xinchang Shibang New Material, he wheketere kua hanga i ngā pūnaha whakarewa wera me ngā rawhi whenua miihini mō ngā tau neke atu i te 17, nō reira kāore he pānga ki a mātou ki te kī he kotahi te hangarau e toa ana i ngā wāhi katoa. I roto i tēnei aratohu ka whakatauritea e mātou te tawhito o ngā hononga whakarewa me ngā hononga pūmau i raro i te whenua, ngā mea e hiahiatia ana e te IEEE 837 me ngā whakaritenga ratonga, me ngā āhuatanga motuhake e taunaki tonu ana mātou i tētahi rawhi kounga teitei i runga i te whakarewa.
- Ka whakamahara mātou ki ngā kaihoko he whakawhirinaki te rawhi whenua kua whakapurua ki te pēhanga pa; kei roto i ngā tuhinga tawhito o te US NRC (NUREG-1800) te whakarārangi i te wetekina o ngā hononga whakapurua mai i te huringa wera me te pikinga o te ātete hononga mai i te waikura, te ngaronga rānei o te utaina mua hei tikanga tawhito kua tuhia.
- I roto i ā mātou pokepokea ai, ka honoa ngā ara iahiko ki te hononga ngota kotahi e te whakarewa wera-whakapūmau — kāore he hononga hei whakapūmau, kāore hoki he pūtu hei huri i te taipana, koia te take e whakahau ai ngā kamupene pēnei i a Arkansas Electric Cooperative kia honoa ngā hononga wera-whakapūmau ki raro i te whenua, ā, kia tirotirohia i mua i te whakakī anō.
- E whakamanahia ana e te IEEE 837 ngā hononga whenua tūturu o te teihana hiko — arā, ngā whakarewa i roto i te whatunga, ngā taura whenua e honoa ana ki a ia, me ngā taura e honoa ana ki ngā taputapu — ā, ko te tuku i taua hononga te taunakitanga kaha rawa atu ka mau te ātete o te hononga i te roanga o te wā e mau ana te tāutanga.
- Ko tā mātou tohutohu mō ngā tau 20 e whai ake nei e whai ana i ngā mahi hangarau: whakamātautau anō i ngā hononga oneone tanumia i ia 5 tau — i ia 3 tau i roto i te oneone kaha — he huringa tiaki ka mawhiti te nuinga o te hononga whakarewa.
- Kei te tohua tonu e mātou ngā rawhi miihini i runga ake i te taumata teitei, i ngā tūranga ka taea te tirotiro me ngā mahi whakahou; he roa ake te ora o ā mātou rawhi parahi me te parahi i te 50 tau ina tāutahia ki reira ka taea te tirotiro me te huri anō.
He aha te Ātete Hononga e Whakatau ana mēnā ka Ora te Hononga Whenua mō ngā Tau 20
Ka whakaahuahia e mātou ia pūnaha whenua ki ngā kaihoko hou he mekameka: te hiko, te arataki, me ngā hononga i waenganui i a rātou. Ahakoa he tino pai te hiko, he rahi rawa te arataki, ka hē tonu te pūnaha mēnā ka piki te ātete o tētahi hononga. Ko te au hapa me te au uira e whai ana i te ara iti rawa o te aukati, ā, ka heke te kaha o te hononga e rere ana i roto i te arai - ka whakamahana ake, ka tere ake te pirau.
I roto i ā mātou wā whakangungu, ko te ahupūngao o te hononga pūmau te wāhi e tīmata ai mātou. Ka whiti noa te au i tētahi atanga kua piri mā roto i ngā pūwāhi whakapā moroiti; ahakoa ngā mata kua oti te mīhini te hanga, ka pā ki ngā tihi asperity e kapi ana i tētahi wāhanga iti o te wāhi e kitea ana. Ko te ātete ki te kuiti i aua pūwāhi, me te ātete kiriata mai i ngā waikura me te matū oneone, koinei te mea e inehia ana e te whakamātautau whakatūnga.Ko ngā mea katoa e whakaiti ana i te pēhanga pa, e whakamātotoru ana rānei i te kiriata — te ngokingoki, te huringa wera, te waikura — ka whakapiki ake i te ātete o te hononga, ā, ko te wera tāpiri mai i ngā mate I²R ka whāngai i te koropiko.
Ka kitea e mātou he rerekē rawa te whakataurite mā te anga. Ka kī atu mātou ki ngā kaituku ehara te whakarewa me te rawhi i te utu e rua mō te mahi kotahi; he rerekē ngā kōtaha tawhito e rua — tētahi he atanga whakarewa ka whakaekea e te ahupūngao, tētahi kāore he atanga.
Ngā Mahi a te Rua Tekau Tau ki te Maukati Pūmau
Ka whakawhirinaki mātou ki ngā tuhinga hangarau kua tuhia paitia ina whakamārama mātou i te koroheketanga o ngā hononga pūtu. Ko te tohutoro whakahaere-pakeketanga a te US Nuclear Regulatory Commission,NUREG-1800 (te pūrongo mō ngā akoranga o te koroheketanga whānui)— te tuhinga e whakamahia ana e ngā ratonga hei whakamārama i ngā tekau tau o te roa o te mahi tipu — e whakarārangi ana mō ngā hononga papa whakawhiti i ngā mea e tirohia ana e tātou i roto i ngā hononga whenua:te wetekina o ngā hononga pūmau nā te huringa wera me te whakamahana ohmic, mete pikinga o te ātete o te hononga nā te waikura, te ngaronga rānei o te kawenga muaTe ngaronga o ngā rauemi ki ngā matū waikura e rua.
I roto i ā mātou arotakenga rahunga, ka whakamahanahia te hononga e ia huringa kawenga, ka whānui haere ngā konganuku i ngā tere rerekē, ā, ka whakangāwari te pūtu mā te maikorona. Ka whakanuia e ia whakangāwaritanga te ātete pa, ka piki ake te pāmahana hononga, ka tere ake te waikura — ko te mea e mōhiotia ana e ngā kaihangarau tiaki koropiko whakakaha-ake ko te porowhita hononga-wera. E tohu ana mātoui raro i te whenua, kāore e kitea he rawhi e heke ana te kounga, kāore e taea e te thermography te tae atu ki reira, ā, ko te tikanga o te re-torque he keriKoia te take e hiahiatia ai te whakamātautau anō i ia wā e te mahi hangarau mō te keri oneone tanumia —aratohu ahumahi mō ngā tāutanga IEEE 80e taunaki ana kia whakamātauria anō i ia 5 tau, ā, i ia 3 tau i roto i te oneone kaha. E tatau ana mātou, mō ngā tau neke atu i te 20, e whā ki te ono ngā huringa whakamātautau-me-keri mō ia hononga whakapae.
E hiahia ana mātou kia mārama, ehara tēnei i te mea he kino ngā hua o ngā rawhi — engari he hua tiaki me whai utu tika kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga. E mano ngā rawhi e hokona ana e mātou i ia marama; ko te hapa ehara i te hoko i tētahi rawhi, engari he huna i tētahi, ā, wareware noa iho.
Te Whakarewatanga Ā-Wāwera: He Hononga Irahiko Kāore he Mea e Toe ana hei Whakakī Anō
He mea nui ki a mātou te whakarewa werawera nā te mea ka tangohia katoatia te atanga. Ka tauhohe te utu ine o te waikura parahi me te paura konumohe i roto i te oko pokepokea ai te karāhe — ko ā mātou pokepokea ai AF-0401 me AF-0314 he karāhe kounga teitei kua whakatauria mō te 50–100 huringa ratonga, ā, e kite ana mātou i te 80–100 hononga mō ia pokepokea ai e whakamahia ana i te mara — ā, ko ngā koranu parahi rewa ka puta mai ka huri i ngā kaiārahi hei wahi whakarewa kotahi tonu. Kāore he pēhanga pa hei ngaro, kāore he kiriata hei whakamātotoru, kāore he pūtu hei whakangāwari.Ko te ātete o te hononga he rite noa ki te ātete o te parahi totoka.
Mai i tā mātou tēpu kaweake, ka mātakitaki mātou i te ao e huihui ana ki ngā mahi whakarewa mō ngā mahi huna.IEEE 837kei te wātea motuhake hei tohu i ngā hononga pumau e whakamahia ana i roto i te whenua o ngā teihana hiko — ko ngā hononga i roto i te whatunga hiko, ko ngā taura whenua e hono ana ki a ia, me ngā taura e hono ana ki ngā taputapu me ngā hanganga. Ka kite tātou i ngā ratonga whakahaere e tuhi ana i roto i ngā kirimana:Ngā whakaritenga hononga a te Arkansas Electric Cooperativekī mārama maime whakamahi ngā hononga o raro whenua i te momo werawera, ā, kei te rōpū mahi tahi te mana ki tetirohia ia hononga i mua i te whakakī anō. Ina kotahi noa te tirohanga a te kamupene hiko ki tētahi hononga — i mua i tōna ngaronga atu i raro i te whenua — ka whiriwhiria e ia te hononga kāore e rerekē.
He māmā noa iho te tūranga o tā mātou wheketere: mō ngā hononga huna, kore e taea te uru atu, ngā hononga haumaru rānei, tohua te wāhi whakarewa. E pai ana mātou ki te kī ko te 60 hēkona e pau ana i te huringa pokepoke i te wā tāutanga koia te aro whakamutunga e hiahiatia ana e te hononga.
Te Hononga Whenua Whakarewa, te Hononga Whenua Pōro rānei mō te 20 Tau ki muri
Ka ārahi mātou i ngā kaituku i roto i tēnei whakatairite ina tohua e rātou tētahi kaupapa. Kia mahara kāore tētahi o ngā pou e whakaae ana ki te toa — ko te whakautu tika kei te wāhi e noho ana te hononga.
| Tauwehe Neke Atu i te 20 Tau | Whakarewatanga Ā-Wāwera | Pūmau Mīhini |
|---|---|---|
| Hanganga hononga | Koranu ngota - kāore he atanga | Te whakapā pēhanga i te atanga pūmau |
| Te au o te ātete | Pūmau; he ōrite ki te ātete ki te ara iahiko | Ka ngokingoki ake me te waikura me te ngaronga o te kawenga mua |
| Ngā tikanga koroheketanga kua tuhia | Te waikura i te tere rite tonu ki te tere o te ara iahiko | Te wetewete o te huringa wera, te waikura, te ngaronga o te kawenga i mua, te waikura |
| Te tiaki i ngā tau neke atu i te 20 | Kāore he mea — tirohia kotahi i mua i te whakakī anō | Whakamātauria anō i ia 3–5 tau; kerihia, ka hurihia te taipana mēnā kua tanumia. |
| Te au o te hapa me te uira | Ka haria pērā i te kaiārahi; kāore he wāhi wera | Ka noho te hononga kua pakaru hei wāhi wera I²R i raro i te hapa |
| Pūkenga tāutanga me ngā taputapu | Huringa pokepokea ai 60-hekona, kāore he pūkenga motuhake, kāore he mana | He pai te whakamahi i te kī me te taipana; me uru anō |
| Tūnga pai rawa atu | Ngā hononga tanumia, kore e taea te uru atu, he mea nui ki te haumaru | Ngā hononga kei runga ake i te papa, ka taea te tirotiro, te whakahou me te rangitahi |
| Ngā rauemi utu tuatahi mō ia hononga (mai i ā mātou whakatau utu kaweake) | E oma ana i te 30–50% pea i runga ake i te hononga kua piri, nā te mea ka pau i ia whakarewa he kātere paura kotahi te whakamahinga me te wāhanga o te roa o te ora o te pokepokea ai (50–100 hononga) | Te utu tuatahi iti iho — taputapu anake, kāore he utu pau |
| Ngā wawaotanga tiaki kua whakaritea mō ngā tau 20 | 0 — tirohia kotahi i mua i te whakakī anō | 4–6 ngā huringa keri, whakamātautau anō me te hurihanga anō (te tere o te 3–5 tau) |
| Te roa o te ratonga kua whakatauhia | E ōrite ana ki te kaiārahi tonu — kāore he hononga ki te tawhito | Neke atu i te 50 tau i roto i ngā tūranga tirotiro (tā mātou whakatauranga raupapa XJ-J1047) |
I hangaia e mātou tēnei tīpakonga hei āwhina whakatau tuatahi — kātahi ka tukuna mai te taipitopito o te kaupapa mō tētahi whakautu kua whirihorahia:
He Whakapiripiri, he Āpiti rānei? Āwhina Whakatau 20-Tau
Neke atu i te 20 tau, ka angitu te hononga whakarewa mā te pumau o te ātete i ngā wāhi kāore e taea te tiaki. Nā te meaKo te ātete o te rawhi e whakawhirinaki ana ki te utaina mua me ngā kiriata whakapā ma e tiakina ana — ka memeha haere ngā matū oneone e rua — ko te ātete o te whakarewa he parahi noa iho, ko te kōwhiringa kore tiaki te mea nui rawa atu i ngā tūranga tanumia, ngā tūranga haumaru rānei.
Ina ko ngā rawhi mīhini tonu te whakautu tika
E whakapono ana mātou me mārama te whakataurite pono ki tēnei: ko ngā rawhi te whiringa hangarau tika i ngā āhuatanga tūturu. I runga ake i te papa - i ngā pūmau whakawhiti, i ngā hononga whakamātautau, i ngā pae whenua me ngā anga taputapu - ka taea te tirotiro i te hononga rawhi e ai ki te whakamāramatanga, ā, kei roto i tā mātou raupapa XJ-J1047 i te parahi, te parahi me te parahi parakore.he roa ake te ora ratonga kua whakatauhia neke atu i te 50 taumeISO 9001:2015-he tiwhikete whakaputa i muri mai. Ka tūtohu mātou i tētahi rawhi mō te mahi whakahou i ngā wāhi kāore e taea te horoi me te hanga i ngā kaiārahi hiko — ka noho haumaru te ara iahiko i ēnei rā. Ka whakaarohia e mātou he taputapu hē te whakarewa i te hononga i ngā wāhi katoa me momotu ā-tauira mō te whakamātautau — ko te hononga whakamātautau te tauira matarohia.
Ko tā mātou mahi ki ngā kaituku he mea hangai ki ngā tūranga mahi:whakarewahia te mea e tanumia ana e koe, whakapūmauhia te mea e kitea ana e koeE kite ana mātou i ngā BOM whakauru i roto i te nuinga o ngā ota kaweake — mā te mahi tiaki uira ka whakarewahia pea ngā whakawhiti ara ia o raro i te papa, ka whakapūmau i ngā hononga whakamātautau whakamutu hau, mai i te kaipuke kotahi.
Me pēhea tā mātou tautoko i ngā kōwhiringa e rua mai i te wheketere kotahi
E rua ngā taha o tēnei whakatauritenga e hangaia ana e mātou, koia te take e pono ai ā mātou tohutohu. Kua neke atu i te 17 tau te roa o tā mātou wheketere, arā, ko Xinchang Shibang New Material, e whakaputa ana i ngā pokepoke me ngā paura whakarewa werawera me ngā rawhi whenua mai i Xinchang, Zhejiang, e rua hāora te tawhiti atu i ngā tauranga o Ningbo me Shanghai. E whakaatu ana tā mātou kōtaha kamupene mana i ngā mahi kua oti te whakarite:ngā hua kua hokona ki ngā whenua neke atu i te 60, he wheketere 3,000 m² me ngā kaimahi whakaputa neke atu i te 40 me ngā kaimahi R&D e 5, neke atu i te 200,000 ngā wahi hua ia marama, ā, neke atu i te USD 15 miriona ngā kaweake i te tau 2022.. E 10,000 ngā wahi e tukuna ana e tā mātou raina werawera i ia marama, ka aromatawaitia te whakaputanga eCEPRI (Te Whare Rangahau Hiko Hiko o Haina), ā, ka tukuna e tā mātou tīma QC ia pokepokea me ia puranga rawhi he mekameka kounga e ono ngā wāhanga mai i te tirotiro hou ki te tirotiro kounga whakamutunga.
I roto i ā mātou mahi kaweake, kotahi te tikanga o ngā kaupapa e tino maeneene ana: ka tukuna e te kaihoko te rārangi wātaka o te kaiārahi me ngā tūranga hono, ā, ka whakahokia mai e tā mātou tīma he mahere hononga tūranga-ki-tūnga — ngā whakarewa kua tohua me te tauira pokepoke me te rahi o te kātereti, ngā rawhi kua tohua me te aratohu rauemi me te taipana — i roto i te ipu whakauru kotahi me te huinga tuhinga kotahi. Mena kei te paunatia e koete whakarewa werawera me te whakapirimō tētahi kaupapa ora, ko taua mahere te mea ka tukuna atu e tā mātou tēpu kaweake ki a koe.
Tūhurahia ngā awhe e rua: tō mātoungā pūnaha whakarewa werawera, tepokepokea ai te werawerawhānau, tō mātoungā rawhi whenua parahi, me te katoakāwai whakarewa werawera.
Ngā Pātai Auau
E 20 tau te roa o te mahi whakarewa werawera i raro i te whenua?
Ae — ka whakakotahi te whakarewa i ngā ara iahiko ki te tinana whakarewa kotahi, nō reira ka waikura te hononga i te tere rite tonu ki te ara iahiko tonu, ā, kāore he hononga hei whakapūmau, hei whakapūmau rānei hei wetewete. Ka tohua e ngā ratonga ngā hononga wera-waho mō ngā whatunga tanumia nā te mea kāore he mea i te hononga e rerekē ana i te wā; hei tauira, ka whakahaua e te Arkansas Electric Cooperative ngā hononga wera-waho me te tirotiro i mua i te whakakī anō.
He aha i piki ake ai te ātete o te hononga rawhi i te roanga o te wā?
E toru ngā tikanga kua tuhia e mātou: ko te huringa wera ka whakangāwari i te utaina o mua o te pūtu, ko te waikura ka whakamātotoru i te kiriata whakapā i te atanga, ā, ko te waikura oneone ka tango i ngā rauemi. E whakarārangihia ana e ngā tuhinga tawhito o te US NRC (NUREG-1800) te wetewete i ngā hononga pūtu mai i te huringa wera me te pikinga o te ātete hononga mai i te waikura, te ngaronga rānei o te utaina o mua hei pānga koroheketanga e mōhiotia ana — ka whakanuia e ia huringa te ātete, ka whakanuia te pāmahana hononga, ka tere ake te huringa.
He aha te tikanga o te IEEE 837 mō taku whiringa hononga?
Ko te IEEE 837 te paerewa mō te whakaū i ngā hononga tuturu e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakapūmau i ngā teihana hiko — ngā hononga i roto i te whatunga me ngā taura ki ngā taputapu me ngā hanganga. Kua whakaatuhia e tētahi momo hononga e paahitia ana e te IEEE 837 ka kawe i ngā iahiko hapa me te ātete ki te taiao mō te roanga o te hoahoa o te tāutanga; ko ngā whakarewa werawera te hononga matarohia e tika ana mō tēnei paerewa.
Kia pēhea te auau o te whakamātautau anō i ngā hononga whenua tanumia?
E whai ana mātou i ngā aratohu a te umanga mō ngā whakaurunga IEEE 80: whakamātautau anō i ia 5 tau, whakakahangia ki ia 3 tau i roto i te oneone kaha. Mō te roanga hoahoa 20 tau, ko te tikanga e whā ki te ono ngā huringa whakamātautau — he whai hua mō ngā rawhi e taea te uru atu, he utu nui te keri mō ngā hononga rawhi kua tanumia, ā, kāore e hiahiatia mō ngā hononga whakarewa.
He pai ake rānei ngā rawhi ā-ringa i ngā whakarewa wera-pāwera?
Ko tā mātou whakautu he āe — i runga ake i te papa, i ngā hononga whakamātautau me ngā pae whenua, i ngā mahi whakahou, me ngā wāhi katoa me momotu te hononga. I ngā tūranga ka taea te tirotiro, ka roa te ora o te rawhi parahi, parahi rānei kounga teitei (neke atu i te 50 tau tā mātou) nā te mea ka taea te tiaki i reira.
He uaua te mahi whakarewa werawera i te parae?
Kāo tā mātou. Kāore e hiahiatia he mana o waho, kāore hoki he pūkenga whakarewa motuhake mō te tukanga: horoia ngā ara iahiko, whakapirihia te pokepokea ai, whakakīia te kātere paura e ōrite ana, tahuna ki te pū kiripaka, waiho kia whakamatao. E 50–100 ngā hononga o ia pokepokea ai, ā, ka whakaranua e mātou te paura ki te rauemi me te rahi o tō ara iahiko kia tika ai te hanganga o te hononga i ia huringa.
Ka taea e te kaiwhakarato kotahi te whakarato i ngā whakarewa me ngā whakapiri mō tētahi kaupapa?
Āe tā mātou whakautu, ā, e taunaki ana mātou. Ka hangaia e mātou ngā mea e rua, kia taea ai e te ota kotahi te hipoki i ngā hononga kua tanumia me ngā tūranga kua whakapirihia ki runga ake i te papa i roto i te ipu kotahi me te huinga tiwhikete kotahi - ā, mā te mahere hononga e whakamōhio ki tō tira ko tēhea hangarau e whakamahia ana i tēhea tūranga.
Te tautuhi i ngā hononga mō tētahi pūnaha whenua 20-tau?
Tukuna mai tō rārangi mahi mō te kaiārahi me ngā tūranga mahi tahi — ka whakahokia mai e mātou he mahere tūranga-ki-tērā-tūnga: ngā whakarewa me ngā tau pokepokea ai me ngā tau kātereti, ngā rawhi me ngā rauemi me te arataki taipana, tētahi ipu whakauru.
Hēni Yang— Kaiwhakahaere Hoko, Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd.
E 12 tau a Jane e mahi ana i te tēpu kaweake o tā mātou wheketere hanga whenua me te tiaki uira, e āwhina ana i ngā kiritaki o tāwāhi ki te whiriwhiri me te rapu i ngā pūnaha whakarewa werawera, ngā rawhi hanga whenua, ngā tokotoko hanga whenua me ngā kaiarataki, me te tautoko tirotiro me te tuhi tuhinga katoa.
Wā tuku: 17 o Ākuhata-2026