Kwikota ephelileyo ndihlale phantsi kophononongo loyilo lwesakhiwo sokuhlala esinezitezi ezingama-28 — kungekhona njengombukeli, kodwa njengomthengisi omveliso yakhe yayiza kubhalwa kwinkcazo. Umcebisi we-MEP wajika kwiphepha lokukhusela umbane, wajonga inqaku lesikhululo somoya, waza wabuza igumbi umbuzo omnye:"Ingaba le ntonga yenza umsebenzi esiwubalileyo, okanye luphawu nje olukumzobo?"Akukho mntu uphendule imizuzwana elishumi. Ndibukele loo kuthula okufanayo kwiprojekthi emva kwenye, kwaye yingakho kanye ndibhale esi sikhokelo.
Nantsi inyani yorhwebo endiyibonayo kwicala lomzi-mveliso:Nje ukuba uhlobo lwesitishi somoya lufike kwinkcazo, incoko yophawu lweso sakhiwo iphelile.Umenzi-nkontileka uthenga oko kuthethwa ngumzobo, ubungakanani bulandela isicwangciso sophahla, kwaye injineli yophononongo ihlola ukuthotyelwa komgangatho ochazwe ngumcebisi. Ngoko ke izigqibo ezenziwe kwidesika yokuzoba — inqanaba lokhuseleko, indlela yokukhusela, izinto ezisetyenziswa kwisiphelo kunye nokuphakama kokuxhoma — zezona zigqibo zibalulekileyo. Yonke into engezantsi kukuthenga.
Ndichithe iminyaka eli-12 ndibonelela ngezikhululo zomoya kwiiprojekthi eziphakamileyo, kwaye abacebisi abafumana imvume ecocekileyo bonke bamisela isigqibo ngendlela efanayo. Ndisinciphise eso sakhiwo saba ngamacandelwana amane.
Lungisa inqanaba lokhuseleko ngaphambi kokuba uchukumise iphepha lemveliso
Amanqanaba okhuseleko e-IEC 62305 i-I–IV amisela i-radius ye-rolling-sphere — 20, 30, 45 kunye ne-60 yeemitha ngokulandelanayo — kwaye yonke indlela yokubala esezantsi idla ngokufumana elo nani. Izibhedlele kunye neenqaba ezithwala idatha zihlala kwiNqanaba loku-1 okanye lesi-2; indawo yokuhlala ephakamileyo eqhelekileyo ihlala kwi-III okanye kwi-IV. Ukuba inqanaba alilunganga, akukho sikhululo somoya emhlabeni esisindisa uyilo.
Khetha indlela yokuzikhusela ngabom, kungekhona ngokwesiqhelo
Indlela ye-engile yokukhusela engama-65 degrees (i-radius ≈ 2.14×h) yindlela elula esebenza kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezincinci. Ngaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-60, ndityhala bonke abacebisi kwindlela ye-rolling-sphere, kuba indlela ye-engile igqithisa ngokuthe cwaka ukugubungela njengoko ubude bukhula. Ukuxuba iindlela kumzobo omnye yeyona ngxelo iqhelekileyo yophononongo endiyibonayo.
Chaza isiphelo sendlela ngokwezinto ezisetyenziswayo kunye nomsebenzi, kungekhona ngokuthi “intonga yombane, hayi enye.”
Umgca wesiphelo somoya ochazwe ngokucacileyo uphethe izinto (intsimbi yobhedu ecocekileyo engama-99% okanye egqunywe ngobhedu), ububanzi (12–15 mm), ubude (0.5/0.75 m okanye ngokukodwa kwiprojekthi), umlinganiselo womoya (ngaphezulu kwe-50 m/s kwizakhiwo ezinde) kunye neenkcukacha zokufakelwa. Inqaku elithi "intonga yombane" elinomgca omnye linika isigqibo kumthengi ophantsi.
Bhala umda wenkqubo: isiphelo, umqhubi osezantsi, umhlaba
Isitishi somoya siyathintela kuphela. Umzobo kufuneka uwudibanise nee-down-conductors kunye nokuphela komhlaba kwe-10 ohms okanye ngaphezulu, kunye nezixhobo ezivavanyiweyo ngohlobo lwe-IEC 62561. Isitishi esihle kwindlela ephukileyo sinophawu loxanduva, asiyonkqubo yokukhusela.
Kutheni iSiteji sokuDweba siKhetha ukuthengwa kweSakhiwo sonke?
Ndifuna ukuthetha ngokuphandle ngale nto, kuba kuthathe iminyaka emininzi ndicinga ngempahla ukuze ndiyibone ngokucacileyo. Xa ithenda ifika kwi-inbox yam, izigqibo ezinomdla sele zenziwe. Ibhili yobungakanani ithi “intonga yesiphelo somoya wobhedu, 14 mm, 0.75 m” kuba umcebisi wabhala loo mgca kwiinyanga ezidlulileyo.KubaUkuba iinkcukacha zihamba zingachukunyiswanga ukusuka kuphuhliso loyilo ukuya kumaxwebhu eethenda kwiiprojekthi ezininzi, inqaku lomcebisi limisela ngokufanelekileyo udidi lwemveliso kuwo wonke umgangatho wesakhiwo.
Kungoko ke ndichitha ixesha ndiphendula imibuzo yabacebisi simahla. Xa iziko loyilo lindibuza ukuba ingaba i-engile engama-65 degrees ikhuselekile na kwinqaba engama-90 eemitha, andincedi nje kuphela — ndinceda ekubhaleni umgca oza kuthengwa amaxesha angamashumi amane, amashumi asibhozo, amabini. Ukuba ungumcebisi ofunda oku, loo nto ifanayo isezandleni zakho, kwaye ayikubizi nto ngaphandle kokufumana amabinzana amane ngokuchanekileyo.
Itsheyini isebenza ngolu hlobo: inqanaba lokhuseleko lichaza ijiyometri; ijiyometri ichaza ukuba zingaphi iiterminals kunye nokuba zinde kangakanani; izinto kunye neenkcukacha zokuxhoma zichaza ukuba yintoni eodolwayo.KubaInyathelo ngalinye liphinda-phinda elo lingaphambi kwalo, igatya lokuqala elingacacanga alinakulungiswa ngamagama acwangcisiweyo kamva - impazamo ihlangana kuyo yonke i-terminal eluphahleni.
I-Rolling Sphere okanye i-Angle ye-65-Degree: Yeyiphi indlela efanelekileyo kwi-High-Rise Drawing?
Ikhathalogu yethu ichaza ngokucacileyo i-engile yokukhusela — iidigri ezingama-65, kunye nerediyasi yokukhusela ehambelanayo ephindwe ka-2.14 ukuphakama kwentonga. Elo nani liyifiziksi efanelekileyo kwindlela yokukhusela i-engile, kwaye kwibhloko enezitezi ezintlanu andinangxaki nalo. Kodwa ndicebisa abacebisi ukuba bangawuthumeli umsebenzi ophakamileyo, kwaye nantsi indlela endiqiqa ngayo.
Indlela ye-engile ithatha ukuba indawo ekhuselweyo ikhula ngokuthe ngqo ngokuphakama. Indlela ye-rolling-sphere — isiseko seI-IEC 62305-1— ayenzi njalo: ingqameko engama-20, 30, 45 okanye 60 eemitha iqengqelwe phezu kwesakhiwo, kwaye yonke into ingqameko engenakuyichukumisa ikhuselekile.KubaUkufikelela kwespheri kuyathamba njengoko intonga iphakama xa ithelekiswa nespheri, ukuphinda kabini ukuphakama kwe-mast akukho kufutshane nokuphinda kabini i-radius yayo ekhuselweyo. Umcebisi olinganisa umthetho we-2.14×h ukuya phezulu kwi-facade yeemitha ezili-100 utsala ukhuseleko olungaxhaswayo yi-geometry.
| Indlela | Ijometri elawulayo | Eyona ifanelekileyo | Isigwebo esiphakamileyo |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-engile yokukhusela (65°) | Irediyasi ≈ 2.14 × ukuphakama kwentonga | Uphahla oluphantsi, olulula, ulwandiso oluncinci | Sebenzisa ngononophelo; ugubungela ngaphezulu kwe-60 m |
| Isphere esijikelezayo | I-Sphere r = 20/30/45/60 m ngokwenqanaba lokukhusela | Nasiphi na isakhiwo, nasiphi na ukuphakama; uyilo-uphononongo oluzenzekelayo | Indlela ephambili ecetyiswayo |
| Indlela ye-mesh | Ubungakanani be-mesh 5×5 m ukuya kwi-20×20 m ngokwenqanaba | Iiplani zophahla oluthe tyaba, ii-parapet conductors | Hlanganisa neentonga ezikwiikona nakwiindawo zezityalo |
Kwiinqaba zokwenyani andiboni ndlela inye kuphela. Indlela ephumelelayo kwiiprojekthi esizibonelelayo yi-mesh conductor ejikeleze i-parapet, ii-air terminals ezikwiikona kunye nesityalo esiphezulu, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwe-rolling-sphere yolungiselelo lonke - kanye indlela enee-layered.I-IEC 62305-3ichaza inkqubo yokukhusela ngokwasemzimbeni.
Umkhwa omnye endiwucebisa kuzo zonke iziko loyilo endisebenza nalo: ukugcina ingxelo yendlela yephepha elinye ecaleni komzobo orekhoda inqanaba lokhuseleko, indlela yokubeka ekhethiweyo kunye nerediyasi yesphere esetyenzisiweyo. Xa iprojekthi idlula kubunjineli bexabiso - kwaye iya kuba njalo - elo phepha lithintela umhloli wexabiso oneenjongo ezintle ekutshintsheni iklasi yesiphelo ngaphandle kokuphinda asebenzise ijiyometri. Ndibone utshintsho olunye olungabhalwanga lunciphisa uphahla ngesiqingatha, olufunyenwe kuphela xa kuvavanywa ukunikezelwa, kwaye iindleko zokulungiswa kwakhona zidlula yonke into egciniweyo yokutshintshwa. Imizuzu elishumi elo phepha elithatha kwidesika yokuzoba yeyona inshurensi ingabizi kakhulu kuyo yonke iphakheji yokukhusela umbane.
Yintoni Emele Ithethwe Ngumgca Weenkcukacha Zesiphelo Somoya?
Xa ndiphonononga amaxwebhu ethenda, eyona ndawo ibuthathaka idla ngokuba yilayini yesitishi somoya ngokwaso. “Intonga yombane, iphelele, iqashiso eli-1” ayimxeleli nto umntu obhidayo kwaye ayimkhuseli umniniyo kwinto engenanto. Umgca osindayo kubunjineli bexabiso kunye nophononongo loyilo unamabala amathandathu, kwaye ndibukele abaphononongi bejonga nganye nganye:
| Intsimi | Umzekelo wongeniso | Kutheni umvavanyi ekhathalele |
|---|---|---|
| Izinto eziphathekayo | I-99% yobhedu olucocekileyo, okanye intsimbi egqunywe yikopolo apho ubusela okanye imithetho yebhajethi ilawula khona | Ubomi bokugqwala kunye nokuhambelana kwe-galvanic kunye nenkqubo yophahla |
| Ububanzi | 12 / 13 / 13.5 / 14 / 15 mm | Ukuqina koomatshini kunye necandelo elithwala umsinga |
| Ubude | 0.5 m / 0.75 m, okanye ngokweprojekthi ethile | Imisela ukuphakama kwencam okucingelwe ukubalwa kwesithuba |
| Isiseko sokhuseleko | I-Rolling sphere, Inqanaba lesi-3 (r = 45 m) | Itshixa ijiyometri yonke indawo yesiphelo ekhangelwe kuyo |
| Uvavanyo lomoya | Isantya somoya esinokuxhathisa ngaphezulu kwe-50 m/s | Uphahla olude lubona umoya wokwenene; isiphelo esigobileyo sishukumisa incam ngokuthe cwaka |
| Umgangatho wecandelo | Ivavanywe ngohlobo lweI-IEC 62561-2 | Ingqina ukuba isiphelo siyasinda kwistroke esenzelwe ukuyithintela |
Qaphela into engekhoyo kuloo theyibhile: igama lophawu. Nditsho oku njengomvelisi - ukusebenza kakuhle kwamagama eenkcukacha kwaye kuvumela iimpawu ukuba zikhuphisane ngobungqina.KubaUmgca we-spec uchaza izatifikethi zovavanyo, isibhengezo sezixhobo kunye novavanyo lomoya ekufuneka luveliswe ngumniki-maxabiso ophumeleleyo, uhluza ababoneleli ngokuthembekileyo kunalo naluphi na uluhlu olufutshane. Ukuba ufuna yethuintonga yesiphelo somoya sobheduIidathashethi njengereferensi yokufomatha itemplate yakho ye-spec, ndizithumela kubacebisi xa ndizicela.
Ithusi Ecocekileyo, Intsimbi Egqunywe Ngobhedu okanye Inaliti Eyodwa: Izinto Zihambelana Njani Neeklasi Zeprojekthi?
Izinto endizibonayo apho abacebisi bechaza ngokugqithisileyo baze bachaze ngaphantsi ngokulinganayo, ngoko ke mandikunike imephu endiyisebenzisayo xa iziko loyilo lindibuza ngokuthe ngqo.
I-99% yobhedu olucocekileyo— yethuintonga yobhedu olucocekileyo enenaliti enyelukhetho oluphambili — lufumana indawo yalo kwiinqaba zodumo, kwiiprojekthi zaselunxwemeni naphi na apho umcebisi efuna ibali lokugqwala elineminyaka engaphezu kwama-30 kunye namagama amancinci okulungisa. Libiza ngaphezulu, kwaye kwisakhiwo esibalulekileyo uphahla yindawo yokugqibela yokonga imali.Intsimbi egqunywe ngekopolo— njengesiqhelo sethuintonga yombane yobhedu— ikunika indlela umphezulu wekopolo oziphatha ngayo phezu kwesiseko sentsimbi esimelana nokugoba kunye nokubiwa okungacwangciswanga, kwaye yindlela eqhelekileyo yokwenyani yokwakhiwa kwezindlu eziphakamileyo. Endikugxininisayo kukuba iiterminals "ezinombala wethusi" ezingaphawulwanga kwiiprojekthi ezichazwe ngokwemimiselo: ukuba umzobo awuchazi ukuba intonga yenziwe ngantoni, indawo iya kufumana nantoni na eyayingabizi kakhulu ngaloo nyanga.
Enye into ecacileyo kwizakhiwo ezinde: xa ubude busondela kwiimitha ezingama-200 — umda ophezulu iintonga zethu zilinganiswa ngawo — ndiphatha ukulungiswa koomatshini kunye nokuziphatha komoya njengezinto ezichazayo zodidi lokuqala, kungekhona izixhobo. Isiphelo esigoba kwi-40 m/s sitshintshe i-geometry eqikelelweyo yi-rolling-sphere calculation yakho, kwaye akukho mntu uphinda asebenzise amanani emva kwesiphango.
Izitishi zomoya ezinde zobhedu ezineziseko zesali. Kuphahla oluphezulu, iinkcukacha zokulungisa kunye nomlinganiselo womoya zihambelana nesigaba esifanayo nentonga ngokwayo.Yintoni uMhloli oza kuyijonga ngokwenene xa kuvunywa uyilo?
Uphononongo lokuvunywa luyahluka ngokwemarike, kodwa emva kweminyaka eli-12 yokuxhasa ukuthunyelwa kwezicelo ndingayiqikelela imibuzo emine ngokuzithemba.Ngowuphi umgangatho wokhuseleko, kwaye luphi uvavanyo lomngcipheko oluthethelela oko?Isibini:yeyiphi indlela yokubeka, kwaye ingaba umzobo ubonisa ulwakhiwo lwesphere okanye i-engile?Isithathu:zivavanywa uhlobo lwezinto— iseti yesatifikethi se-IEC 62561 —okanye ichazwe nje?Isine:Ngaba ikhonkco lokuphelisa lifikelela kwinqanaba elihambelanayo?Kwiinkcukacha eziphenjelelwa yiMntla Melika, imibuzo emine efanayo ifika inxibeI-NFPA 780isigama endaweni yesigama se-IEC; ubunjineli buyinto efanayo.
Ndihlala ndinika isibonelelo esimiyo samaziko oyilo: ndithumelele isicwangciso sophahla kunye nenqanaba lokhuseleko, ndize ndibuyisele uyilo lwesiphelo oluphawulweyo olunezibalo zesithuba ezibonisiweyo - izibalo ezifanayo kumncedisi ongasentla. Sele sihambisa abanini bezindlu ngeziseko kwinkcazo yethu kwiindlela iintonga zombane ezikhusela ngayo isakhiwoinguqulelo yomcebisi yaloo ncoko yile nqaku, kwaye izibalo zisele. Kwimibhoshongo ecinga ngee-terminals ze-streamer-emission zakuqala endaweni yeentonga zesiqhelo, ndithelekisaIrediyasi yokukhusela ye-ESE kunye neFranklin, iindleko kunye nokuthobela imithethoigubungela loo mfoloko yesigqibo, kwaye uluhlu olupheleleyo luhleli kwiudidi lwentonga yombane.
Usapho lwesikhululo somoya olukhethwa ngumcebisi: iintonga zobhedu ezinenaliti enye, iiterminal ezineencam ezininzi kunye neentloko ze-ESE — nganye ineklasi yeprojekthi ekhuselweyo.Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Ndingazixuba na iindlela ze-rolling-sphere kunye ne-protection-angle kumzobo omnye?
Ndicebisa ukuba kungabikho nto. Indlela nganye iyafana ngaphakathi, kodwa ukuzixuba kwenza amabango okugubungela angabi nako ukuphicothwa xa kujongwa. Khetha i-rolling sphere njengendlela yeprojekthi, kwaye usebenzise isibalo se-65-degree kuphela njengokujonga ingqondo kwizihlomelo ezisezantsi.
Ngaba isikhululo somoya esinde sihlala singcono xa siseluphahleni oluphezulu?
Hayi. Kwiplanga lophahla, ijiyometri yespheri ithetha ukuba intonga eyi-0.75 m sele igqume iradius eluncedo; ukuphakama kuthenga ukuncipha kokugubungela kwaye kongeza umzuzu womoya kunye nempembelelo ebonakalayo. Ukuphakama kuzuza ukubambelela kwayo kwiindawo zezityalo kunye neekona, kungekhona njengokuphuculwa kwengubo.
Kunini apho i-high-up ithethelela khona i-terminal ye-ESE endaweni yeentonga zesiqhelo?
Xa uphahla lunkulu xa kuthelekiswa nenani leemasti, uyilo lunokwamkela, okanye xa umthengi efuna intloko enye egqume i-podium-plus-tower massing. Iintloko ze-ESE zibala i-radius ngefomyula ye-NF C 17-102 kunye novavanyo oluvavanyiweyo lokuqalisa; iintonga zemveli zilula, zitshiphu ngenqaku ngalinye kwaye azidingi zixhobo ze-elektroniki. Zombini ziyakhuseleka - ifolokhwe imalunga nejometri kunye nomdla wokugcinwa, hayi ifashoni.
Ngaba isikhululo somoya sobhedu sifuna umhlaba ozinikeleyo, okanye singabelana ngomhlaba wesakhiwo?
Umhlaba odibeneyo nodibeneyo yimpendulo echanekileyo kuzo zombini iindlela ze-IEC 62305 kunye ne-NFPA 780 — ukupheliswa komhlaba okhusela umbane kudibana nenkqubo yezixhobo zesakhiwo. "Umhlaba ombane" owahlukileyo, owahlukileyo udala umahluko onokuthi wonakalisa izixhobo ngexesha lokubetha.
Yeyiphi i-diameter endifanele ndiyisebenzise xa injineli yolwakhiwo ingenalo ukhetho?
Intsimbi yobhedu olusulungekileyo okanye egqunywe ngobhedu eyi-14 mm yeyona ndicebisa ukuba yenziwe kwindawo ephakamileyo: iqine ngokwaneleyo ukuba ingange-0.75 m ubude xa kukho umoya ophahleni, inendawo ekhululekileyo yombane, kunye nobukhulu obuqhelekileyo bokuvelisa endaweni yokuba ibe yekhethekileyo. Yehla uye kwi-12 mm kuphela kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo ezingaphantsi.
Zingaphi iiterminal eziza kufuneka kuphahla lwenqaba oluqhelekileyo?
Sebenzisa umncedisi ongasentla kumphetho ngamnye wophahla kunye nendawo yesityalo - ukubalwa kokuqala kudla ngokuba ngaphakathi kweepesenti ezilishumi ukusuka kuyilo lokugqibela. Iikona kunye nesityalo esiphezulu phantse zihlala zithatha isiphelo nokuba izibalo zesithuba zivumela ntoni na, kwaye umqhubi we-mesh uzalisa udonga oluphakathi kwazo.
Thumela isicwangciso sophahla. Fumana uyilo lwesiphelo sendlela oluphawulweyo.
Ukuphakama kwesakhiwo, isicwangciso sophahla kunye nenqanaba lokukhusela ekujoliswe kulo — yiloo nto kuphela endiyidingayo. Kwiintsuku ezimbini zokusebenza ufumana uyilo lwesiphelo esine-rolling-sphere arithmetic ebonisiweyo, umgca wemveliso olungele iinkcukacha, kunye neereferensi zesatifikethi sovavanyo se-IEC 62561 oza kuzicela uphononongo lwakho.
Ndichithe iminyaka eli-12 ndisebenza ekukhuseleni umbane kunye nokuxhasa urhwebo lwangaphandle, uninzi lwayo ndilusebenzisa ngefowuni nabacebisi be-MEP kunye namaziko oyilo kanye ngexesha apho umgca wesiphelo somoya ubhalwa khona. Idesika yokuzoba yindawo apho ukhuselo lombane oluhle lufunyanwa okanye lulahlekile khona, kwaye yincoko endiyonwabela kakhulu.
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Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-22-2026