Kwikota ephelileyo ndihlale phantsi kophononongo lwethenda apho umcebisi we-MEP wayebhale umgca omnye ogqiba yonke into: “Ukuphela komoya: Uhlobo lwe-ESE, imasti enye, okanye uluhlu lweFranklin oluqhelekileyo — umakhi oza kuphakamisa ngokubala.” Abakhi abacebisa ukuba umntu angabi naso isibindi balahlekelwe ligumbi; lowo uhambe ngezibalo zeradius, imephu yemigangatho kunye nolwakhiwo lweendleko baphumelele kwingxoxo yeenkcukacha ngaphambi kokuba kuxoxwe ngamaxabiso. Loo mgca kwinkcazo ngumbuzo ophendulwa leli nqaku. I-early streamer emission (ESE) arrester kunye ne-Franklin rod eqhelekileyo zombini ziphela emhlabeni omnye, kodwa zifikelela kuwo ngefiziksi eyahlukileyo: i-terminal yaseFranklin ilinda inkokeli enyathelweyo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa kwaye ikhusela ikhowuni echazwe kukuphakama kwayo — ii-99% zethu ze-copper pure single-needle rods zisebenza kwi-angle yokukhusela engama-65° ene-radius eyi-2.14×(h−h)_x) — ngelixa intloko ye-ESE ikhupha umsinga ophezulu ngaphambi kwenqaku elingasebenziyo, idibana ngempumelelo nenkokeli esezantsi ngokukhawuleza kwaye ikhusele i-radius ekhula ngenzuzo yayo yexesha lokuqalisa. Ukukhetha phakathi kwazo kugqiba ukuba zingaphi iimasti ozithengayo, ukuba loluphi uyilo lwakho oluchazayo, kunye nendlela uphahla lwakho olujongeka ngayo kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu ezayo. Nantsi intelekelelo kanye njengoko ndihamba nabacebisi kuyo.

Iiteknoloji ezimbini, isivuthuvuthu esinye: Indlela isiphelo ngasinye esithintela ngayo ukubetha

Ukubetha kombane kwisakhiwo kukugqatso phakathi kweenkokheli. Inkokeli ehlayo isondela isuka efini; ii-streamers ezinyukayo ziphakama kuyo nayiphi na i-geometry ebukhali enikezelwa luphahla. Intonga kaFranklin ngumncintisani othembekileyo ongenzi nto kuloo mdyarho: indawo eqinisiweyo kakuhle ebonisa i-geometry yokuqalisa ekhangayo kwisakhiwo kwaye iphumelele ukunamathela ngaphakathi kwekhowuni ekhuselayo. Ifiziksi ivuthiwe, izibalo ziyi-geometry, kwaye isiphumo sihlala sigcinwe ngokwakhiwa - iintonga zethu zobhedu ezinenaliti enye ziphethe iseti yeenkcukacha zakudala: ukuphakama kwentonga yomoya ukuya kwi-200 m, i-engile yokukhusela engama-65°, i-radius ehambelanayo eyi-2.14×(h−h_x), i-gradient yamandla angaphantsi kwe-5 kA, umndilili wamandla okukhupha amanzi angaphantsi kwe-7 kA, kunye nethagethi yokumelana nokumisa umhlaba engaphantsi kwe-10 Ω.

I-ESE arrester idlala umdyarho ofanayo ngentloko yokuqala. Intloko yayo inesixhobo sokutsala esiqalisa i-upward streamer amashumi ee-microseconds ngaphambi kwendawo engasebenziyo ekuphakameni okufanayo,kubaUkudibana nenkokeli esezantsi phezulu kuthetha ukuba indawo ekhuselweyo emhlabeni iyanda. Elo thuba lexesha eliqalayo - i-ΔT, elinganiswa kwilebhu ene-voltage ephezulu ngokuchasene nentonga yokubhekisa - linani elinye elixhomekeke kulo lonke ixabiso le-ESE, kwaye yingakho ndixelela abacebisi ukuba iyunithi ye-ESE engenangxelo yovavanyo lwe-ΔT ethembekileyo yintonga yeFranklin ebiza kakhulu eneentengiso eziqhotyoshelweyo. Sigubungela icala loxwebhu ngokubanzi kwisikhokelo sethu esihamba naye kwiamaxwebhu esiqinisekiso afunwa yi-asethi kunye ne-inshorensi, kwaye umgangatho ngokwawo uhlalutywe kwiingcaciso yethu ye-NF C 17-102eli nqaku lihlala lithetha ngothelekiso lobunjineli.

Irediyasi yoKhuseleko ngamanani: Ifikelela phi iNtonga nganye ngokwenene?

Izibalo zeRadius kulapho ezi teknoloji zimbini ziyeka ukuba ziifilosofi zize zibe ziilayouts. Ubalo lukaFranklin lucacile: nge-engile yokukhusela engama-65°, intonga enencam yayo imi kwiimitha ezingama-h ngaphezulu komhlaba ikhusela i-radius eyi-2.14×(h−h_x) kwinqanaba elikhuselweyo h_x— ijiyometri onokuyiqinisekisa ngepensile. Ubalo lwe-ESE, phantsi kosapho lwe-NF C 17-102 lweefomyula, longeza igama elithi ΔT kwijiyometri ye-rolling-sphere, ngoko ke ukuphakama okufanayo kwe-mast kukhusela i-radius enkulu — ukuba inkulu kangakanani kuxhomekeke kwiklasi ye-ΔT kunye nenqanaba lokhuseleko elifunekayo kwiprojekthi nganye.I-IEC 62305-1Ndisoloko ndisebenzisa zombini iiseti zamanani zophahla lomthengi ngaphambi kokuba ndicebise nokuba yeyiphi na,kubaUmsantsa phakathi kweteknoloji ubaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezinkulu ezithe tyaba kwaye awufanelekanga kangako kwisakhiwo eside, esimxinwa apho nasiphi na isiphelo sikufutshane nayo yonke into esikhuselayo.

Iintloko ze-ESE arrester ezivela kuluhlu lwethu: isixhobo esibangela umsindo ngaphakathi kwentloko yiloo nto ingxelo yovavanyo lwe-ΔT iqinisekisayo - umahluko wehardware ongasemva komahluko weradius.

Isilumkiso esinyanisekileyo sifanele siqwalaselwe apha: Amabango e-ESE radius alungile kuphela njenge-ΔT engasemva kwawo, kwaye imakethi iqulethe iintloko ezinamaphepha aselebhu angasindayo xa umcebisi efowunela ilebhu.KubaIfomula yeradius ikhulisa i-ΔT ibe ziimitha zokugubungela okufunwayo, ixesha lokubangela eligqithisiweyo liba yindawo ekhuselweyo egqithisileyo kumzobo wakho - yiyo loo nto umkhwa wokuqinisekisa ovela kwisikhokelo sethu sokuqinisekisa usebenza apha ngamandla aphindwe kabini: cela ilebhu, inombolo yengxelo, kunye nothelekiso lwentonga yesalathiso, kwaye ujonge zonke ezintathu.

Imephu Yokuthobela Imithetho: Ngowuphi uMgangatho Olawula Isiphelo Sendlela?

Ababhali beenkcukacha abanalo ilungelo lokukhetha ifiziksi ngokukhetha kwabo; bakhetha umgangatho abawulawulayo, njengoko umthengi kunye nomshwalense bewuqonda, kwaye umgangatho ukhetha ifiziksi. Imephu njengoko ndiyinika abacebisi: iinkqubo zesiqhelo zaseFranklin zihlala ngaphakathiI-IEC 62305-1kwayeI-IEC 62305-3indawo — i-engile yokukhusela, i-rolling sphere kunye neendlela ze-mesh — kunyeI-NFPA 780igubungela ifilosofi efanayo engasebenziyo kwindlela yokusebenza yaseMntla Melika. Iinkqubo ze-ESE zilawulwa yintsapho yazo yemigangatho yesizwe, kunye ne-NF C 17-102 umbhalo wesalathiso uninzi lweeprojekthi zaseGulf, zaseAfrika nezaseFransi zikhankanya; iimfuno zenqanaba lecandelo lezixhobo zokuphelisa umoya ngokwazo zikho ngaphakathiI-IEC 62561-2kunye nabantakwabo.KubaIintsapho ezimbini ezisemgangathweni zilinganisa izinto ezahlukeneyo, inkcazo edibanisa amagama azo - ecela intloko ye-ESE ukuba izibonakalise ngokwemigangatho ejikelezayo, okanye uluhlu lweFranklin ukuba lungenise ingxelo ye-ΔT - ivelisa iithenda ezididayo kunye neekhontrakthi ezingenakunyanzelwa. Bhala umgangatho kuqala; imveliso ilandela.

Inqaku elinye elisebenzayo elivela kwidesika yokuthumela ngaphandle: iiprojekthi ezininzi kwincwadi yethu yeodolo igama le-IEC 62305 loyilo lwe-LPS iyonke kwaye zamkela ii-terminals ze-ESE phantsi komgangatho we-ESE welizwe leprojekthi wokuphelisa umoya - i-hybrid esebenza xa iinkcukacha zisitsho ngokucacileyo kwaye ingaphumeleli njengengcinga. Kwaye nokuba yeyiphi na indlela uyilo oluthathayo, ukuphela komhlaba ezantsi kwabaqhubi be-down kuphendula kwisifundo esifanayo somhlaba kuzo zombini iinkqubo; zethu.isishwankathelo sokukhusela umbane kwisakhiwoichaza indlela esebenza ngayo i-air terminal, ii-down conductors kunye nomhlaba njenge-one chain.

Iindleko xa zithelekiswa ngokunyanisekileyo: Inkqubo nganye ichitha phi uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lweProjekthi yakho?

Andizukucaphula amaxabiso kweli nqaku — ahamba neemarike zobhedu, ububanzi beprojekthi kunye nommandla, kwaye naliphi na inani elimiselweyo elishicilelwe apha liya kuphosisa ngaphakathi kwexesha elithile. Okungashukumiyo sisakhiwo seendleko, kwaye isakhiwo yinto umcebisi afanele ayithelekise. Inkqubo yeFranklin isasaza inkcitho yayo kubuninzi: ii-air terminals ezininzi, izikhundla ezininzi ze-mast, i-roof conductor mesh, izinto zokulungisa kunye nomsebenzi wokufaka kunye nokubopha yonke into — into nganye incinci, iyonke iqhutywa kukubalwa kunye nobunzima bophahla. Inkqubo ye-ESE igxila inkcitho yayo: intloko enye eyenziwe ngobunjineli ene-elektroniki eqinisekisiweyo, i-mast enye kunye noyilo lwayo lwesiseko kunye nomthwalo womoya, kunye nephakheji yamaxwebhu — izinto ezimbalwa, kodwa nganye inzima kumxholo wobunjineli.KubaIindleko zikaFranklin zimalunga nendawo yophahla ngelixa iindleko zika-ESE zimalunga nobunjineli bemasti, iinyawo ezinkulu ezithe tyaba zijika isakhiwo siye kwi-ESE kwaye iiphahla ezincinci okanye ezintsonkothileyo zijika ziye kwiFranklin.

Iintonga zesiphelo somoya sobhedu zesiqhelo ezivela kwimveliso yethu: ulwakhiwo lwe-99% yobhedu olucocekileyo olunenaliti enye, i-engile yokukhusela engama-65°, ulwakhiwo olumelana nomoya kwiiphahla ezivezwe ngaphandle.

Ukuthembeka Kwiminyaka Engamashumi: Ngubani Ogcina Yintoni Kwinkqubo Nganye?

Iiprofayili zolondolozo zahlukile ngohlobo, azikho. I-Franklin array ayinazo izixhobo ze-elektroniki kwaye ayinanto yokulinganisa; ukugcinwa kwayo kukuhlolwa — ukugqwala kwiindawo ezidityanisiweyo, ukuqhubeka komqhubi, ukulungiswa emva kweziphepho — kunye novavanyo lokumelana nomhlaba rhoqo. Intloko ye-ESE yongeza umbuzo omnye: ingaba isixhobo sokubangela isaphila? Iintloko ze-ESE ezisemgangathweni zivaliwe kwaye zizimele ngaphandle kwamandla angaphandle, kwaye zethu zithunyelwa kwiibhokisi zokhuni ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ukuze zihambe kanye njengoko ziza kukwenza, kodwa umkhwa wobungcali kukujonga ukusebenza rhoqo ngokwexesha lomenzi kunye nenkqubo yokujonga efanayo nakweyiphi na i-terminal.KubaIntloko ye-ESE efileyo yonakala buthule ibe yintonga engasebenziyo, isicwangciso sokugcina kufuneka siquke ukujonga okusebenzayo ngokucacileyo — okubhalwe kwincwadi yemiyalelo ye-O&M, kungashiywanga njengento ecingelwayo. Nayiphi na inkqubo ikwafumana ilifa leshedyuli yokugcinwa komhlaba, yiyo loo nto sinikezela zombini ezi teknoloji kunye nezixhobo zokumisa umhlaba abazikhuphayo.

Ii-ESE kunye nee-terminals eziqhelekileyo ezivela kuluhlu lwethu ecaleni kwelinye: iintloko ezahlukeneyo, umsebenzi ofanayo - kunye nenkqubo yomhlaba efanayo elinde phantsi kwazo zombini.

Ukubhala Inkcazelo: Ukhetha Njani Ngaphandle Kokuzisola?

Uluhlu lwezigqibo endilunika abacebisi, ngokulandelelana kwazo:

1. Lungisa umgangatho olawulayo kuqala— I-IEC 62305/NFPA 780 yoyilo olungasebenziyo, umgangatho wesizwe we-ESE weprojekthi yoyilo olusebenzayo, okanye i-hybrid ecacileyo.
2. Zoba ijiyometri yokhuseleko eluphahleni lokwenyani— sebenzisa i-Franklin radius (65°/2.14×(h−h_x)) kunye nerediyasi ye-ESE yeklasi ye-ΔT ecetywayo; umzobo, kungekhona incwadana, ukhetha ophumeleleyo.
3. Bala ukuba uyilo ngalunye lubeka ntoni eluphahleni— iiterminals, iimasti, ukubaleka komqhubi, ukungena — kwaye uvumele ubuhle kunye nemiphumo yokuthintela amanzi ukuba ithathe isigqibo.
4. Bhala amaxwebhu okuqinisekisa kwithenda— Ingxelo ye-ΔT ngeyunithi nganye ye-ESE, izatifikethi zezinto ngentonga nganye, ukwamkelwa kokuxhathisa umhlaba kuzo zombini.
5. Vala nomhlaba— chaza ithagethi yokumelana nokumisa umhlaba (iinkcukacha zethu zentonga zesiqhelo zisebenza ngaphantsi kwe-10 Ω) kunye noyilo lwe-electrode, kuba zombini ezi teknoloji zilungile kuphela njengomhlaba wazo.

Zombini iindlela zikwinqanaba lethu lemveliso:Isithinteli sombane se-ESEihambelana nephakheji yayo yamaxwebhu, iIntonga yombane yentsimbi enye yobhedu olusulungekileyo engama-99%kwayeintonga yesiphelo somoya sobhedukwii-arrays zesiqhelo, zonke phantsi kweUdidi lwe-ESE lightning arrester kunye neentonga zombaneSithumelele umzobo wophahla kunye nenqanaba lokhuseleko elifunekayo kwiprojekthi yakho, kwaye siza kubuyisela zombini izibalo zeradiyo kunye nebhili yezinto zokwakha nganye - uthelekiso olufanayo oluchazwa leli nqaku, olwenziwe kwisakhiwo sakho sokwenyani.