Xa umthengi we-EPC endithumelela i-RFQ yokumisa isiseko sesitishi, imigca emibini yokuqala endiyifundayo yi-fault current kunye ne-soil resistivity - hayi ububanzi bentonga. Loo myalelo ubalulekile. I-IEEE Std 80 ayikuxeleli ukuba uthenge i-5/8 in okanye i-3/4 in.intonga yomhlaba yesitishi esingaphantsi komhlaba; ikuxelela ukuba usinde kwimpazamo. Ububanzi kunye nobude bentonga buphuma kwiindlela ezintathu zokubala: ukujonga ubushushu ngokuchasene nomsinga wempazamo, ukujonga ukumelana nomhlaba, kunye nokujonga ukuchukumisa kunye nenyathelo ngokuchasene nomaleko womphezulu. Kwiinkcukacha ezininzi endizihlolayo, oko kuwela kwiiintonga zentsimbi ezibotshelelweyo zobhedu ezinobubanzi obuyi-14.2–19 mm kunye nobude obuyi-2.4–3.0 m— kodwa umgangatho, hayi ikhathalogu, ufanele ukugqiba. Okulandelayo yindlela endiqhuba ngayo yonke imisebenzi.
TL;DR — Impendulo yobungakanani kwizivakalisi ezine
- Kwi-40 kA, i-1 s fault, i-IEEE 80's conductor-size equation ifuna kuphela malunga ne-141.9 mm² ye-copper cross-section — ngoko ke nentonga yethu encinci ye-14.2 mm, kwi-158.4 mm², idlula kwi-thermal check nge-margin ukuya kwi-spare.
- Ukuphinda kabini ubude bentonga eqhutywayo ukusuka kwi-1.5 m ukuya kwi-3.0 m kunciphisa ukumelana kwayo nomhlaba malunga ne-44% kumhlaba ofanayo, ngelixa ukuphinda kabini ububanzi ukusuka kwi-14.2 mm ukuya kwi-25 mm kukunika malunga ne-9% kuphela — ubude buyindlela eshukumisa ukumelana.
- Yinxalenye yokwahlulahlula kuphela ye-fault current engena kwi-grid yakho: kwimeko ye-EasyPower (Bentley Systems) ebhaliweyo, yi-691 A kuphela ye-22 kA fault evelise ukunyuka kwe-ground potential ye-grid - i-split factor itshintsha yonke indlela yokubala esezantsi.
- Umaleko womphezulu welitye elityumkileyo oyi-150–200 mm uyinxalenye yecala lokhuseleko, awulolungiselelo lwegadi: ukuwususa kuyawunciphisa umbane wokuchukumisa onyamezelekayo kumzekelo omnye we-IEEE 80 osebenzayo ukusuka kwi-1,314 V ukuya kwi-222 V.
Oko i-IEEE 80 ikucela ukuba kwenziwe yiNtonga yoMhlaba yeSitishi esingaphantsi
I-IEEE Std 80 — iSikhokelo soKhuseleko kwi-AC Substation Grounding, esandula ukuqinisekiswa kwakhona kuhlelo lwayo luka-2013 — ikho ukuphendula umbuzo omnye: ngexesha lomonakalo womhlaba, ngaba i-touch kunye ne-step voltages umntu anokuzifumana zihlala ngaphantsi kwemida enokunyamezeleka? Lo mgangatho uphela unciphisa ukuthelekisa i-mesh kunye ne-step voltages ezibaliweyo ngokuchasene nemida enokunyamezeleka exhomekeke kubude be-fault, ubunzima bomzimba, kunye nomaleko womphezulu, njengeinyathelo ngenyathelo i-IEEE 80 idlula kwiWind farm BoPikubeka. Intonga yakho yomhlaba yesitishi esingaphantsi ihleli ngaphakathi kwelo khonkco kwiindawo ezimbini: kufuneka ithwale isabelo sayo sombane wempazamo ngobushushu, kwaye kufuneka incede ekubambeni ukumelana kwegridi kuphantsi ngokwaneleyo ukuze ukunyuka kwamandla omhlaba (GPR) kuhlale kulawuleka.
Inombolo enye itshintsha yonke into esezantsi komsinga, kwaye abathengi bahlala beyiphoswa yile nto:ayizizo zonke izinto ezibangela ingxaki eziya kwigridi yakho.Iingcingo ze-shield, ii-cable sheaths, kunye ne-neutrals zithwala inxalenye zibuyele kumthombo.Ngenxa yokuba yi-split fraction kuphela ye-fault current ehamba kwi-grid yendawo, ukulinganisa yonke intonga kunye nomqhubi ukuya kwi-symmetrical fault current kuyakha ngaphezulu kwe-copper ngokuphindwe kabini ukuya kahlanu.Incwadi yohlalutyo lwesiseko evelaIinkqubo zeBentley (Intshayelelo kuHlalutyo lokuGrounding, 2024)isebenza kwimeko ekhumbulekayo: kwimpazamo ye-22 kA phase-A, yi-691 A kuphela eyathatha indlela eyavelisa i-GPR yenkqubo yokumisa umhlaba — ezinye zibuyile ngee-cable shields. Isikhokelo esivela kwiIsikhokelo soyilo lwe-substation ye-Keentel Engineeringibeka izinto eziqhelekileyo zokwahlulahlula igridi kwi-20–50% yombane wephutha uwonke, kuxhomekeke ekubeni zingaphi iindlela ze-shield kunye ne-neutral eziphuma kwisikhululo.
Inyathelo 1 — Qala ngoMhlaba, hayi ngentonga
Lonke ubalo lokumisa umhlaba endilibonileyo luhamba gwenxa luqale ngekhathalogu endaweni yophando lokuxhathisa. Ukuxhathisa komhlaba (ρ) yeyona nto inefuthe elikhulu kuyo yonke inkqubo ye-IEEE 80, iqala malunga ne-10 Ω·m kudongwe olumanzi ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-10,000 Ω·m kwilitye elomileyo - ukusasazeka okuphindwe kaliwaka, ngokwendlela ye-Wind farm BoP walkthrough. Incwadi yesandla yeBentley Systems yongeza iinyani ezimbini zasentsimini: iindawo ezinokumelana okufanayo kuyo nayiphi na inzulu yokwenyani "azifumaneki rhoqo," kwaye kwiindawo apho umhlaba uqanda khona, ukuxhathisa kunyuka kakhulu kuba intshukumo ye-ion iyayeka. Inani elikopishwe kwitafile yencwadi ayilomlinganiselo wendawo.
Xa abathengi bendibuza ukuba ndingayifumana njani loo nombolo, ndibakhomba kwindlela ye-IEEE Std 81′s Wenner four-pin: four pins at equal spacing a, current injected by outer pair, voltage read by all the inner pair, and ρ = 2πaR. Incwadi yesikhokelo kaBentley icebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe i-pin spacing out ukuya kuthi ga kwi-maximum dimension yegrid, kuba i-test current ke i-probes inzulu njengoko igrid yakho ibanzi - kanye umhlaba oya kuhlala kuwo iintonga zakho.Ngenxa yokuba ukumelana nomhlaba kumiselwa yikholamu yomhlaba intonga eyichukumisayo, intonga eyi-3.0 m eqhutywa kumaleko onganyamezeliyo ingabetha intonga eyi-6.0 m ebambeke kwi-strata ephezulu eyomileyo.
Ngokomzekelo, umzekelo osebenzayo weWind farm BoP usebenzisa isikhululo somoya se-110 kV sokwenyani: igridi engama-40 m × 65 m, isithuba se-conductor esingama-4–7 m, i-0.5–0.8 m yokungcwaba, kunye neentonga eziqhutywa ngobhedu ezimalunga ne-3 m kumda kunye nezixhobo eziphambili, kumhlaba we-50–150 Ω·m.
Inyathelo lesi-2 — Ukuhlolwa kobushushu: Ngaba iNtonga iya kusinda kwiFault Current?
I-equation yokuqala yokulinganisa ubungakanani kwi-IEEE 80 ayinanto yakwenza nokuxhathisa. Ibuza ukuba umqhubi angafunxa ubushushu besiphako ngaphandle kokuxutywa okanye ukuhlanganiswa: A = I × √t₊ / K, apho i-material constant K igoba kumthamo wobushushu, ukuchasana, kunye nobushushu obuphezulu obuvumelekileyo besinyithi. Kwi-annealed constants ye-standard ye-Table 1 yi-thermal coefficient yokuchasana ye-0.00393 /°C, ukuchasana kwe-1.72 μΩ·cm, umthamo wobushushu we-3.42 J/cm³/°C, kunye nobushushu obuphezulu be-1,083 °C — indawo yokunyibilika kobhedu, njengoko kubonisiwe kwi-Wind farm BoP walkthrough. Sebenzisa amanani ngexesha eliqhelekileyo lokucoca uyilo lwe-1 s kunye ne-ambient ye-40 °C, kwaye i-cross-section efunekayo isebenza malunga ne-7.0 kcmil nge-kA nganye ye-fault current — malunga ne-3.55 mm² nge-kA nganye.
Nantsi into ethethwa koko xa ndibalekaubungakanani bentonga yomhlaba yempazamo yangokukumthengi:
| Uyilo lwempazamo yangoku kwintonga | Icandelo elifunekayo | Intonga eyi-14.2 mm (158.4 mm²) | Intonga eyi-17.2 mm (232.4 mm²) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 kA | 70.9 mm² | Amapasi, umda we-2.2 × | Amapasi, umda oyi-3.3 × |
| 25 kA | 88.7 mm² | Amapasi, umda oyi-1.8 × | Amapasi, umda oyi-2.6 × |
| 30 kA | 106.4 mm² | Amapasi, umda oyi-1.5 × | Amapasi, umda we-2.2 × |
| 40 kA (i-conservative, akukho khredithi ehlukanisiweyo) | 141.9 mm² | Amapasi, umda oyi-1.1 × | Amapasi, umda oyi-1.6 × |
Ndisebenzisa ikholamu egcina i-conservative — i-full fault current, akukho credit ehlukanisiweyo — kuba umthengi olingana nayo unokukhusela i-spec kuyo nayiphi na i-design review.Ngenxa yokuba intonga ekwigridi yeentonga ezininzi ithwala kuphela isabelo sayo sendawo yomsinga wegridi, kwaye igridi ngokwayo ibona kuphela iqhezu eliqhekekileyo lempazamo iyonke, intonga ebotshelelweyo yobhedu eyi-14.2 mm esindayo emva kokuhlolwa okupheleleyo kwe-40 kA ithwala ukhuseleko olukhulu kwihlabathi lokwenyani.Yiyo loo nto, xa ndifunda i-EPC spec etsiba ngqo kwi-25 mm rods “for fault current,” ndibuza ukuba bacinga ukuba yeyiphi i-clearing time kunye ne-split factor — impendulo ihlala ithi “akukho nto.”
Isilumkiso esinye sobushushu siyasinda xa sithengwa — ijakethi. Iintonga ezidweliswe kwi-UL 467 zinomgangatho wobhedu ongaphantsi kwe-0.254 mm (10 mil), kwaye ndiwuthatha njengomgangatho: umgca wethu ubambe i-≥0.254 mm ku-≥99.95% yobumsulwa, obuqinisekiswe luvavanyo lohlobo lwe-CEPRI.
Inyathelo lesi-3 — Ubude vs. Ububanzi: Ngowuphi uLever ohambisa ukuxhathisa iGrid?
Nje ukuba uvavanyo lobushushu luvale,I-IEEE 80 yokumisa umhlabaiba yingxaki yokuxhathisa. Kwintonga enye ethe nkqo kumhlaba ofanayo, i-equation yokuxhathisa yomgangatho yi-R = ρ/(2πL) × [ln(8L/d) − 1], enobude bentonga u-L kwiimitha kunye nobubanzi u-d kwiimitha. I-logarithm yimbali epheleleyo: ubude buqhuba zombini amagama angqameneyo kunye namagama elog; ububanzi buyi-log kuphela. Xa ndiyiqhuba kwi-ρ = 100 Ω·m ngentonga yethu ye-17.2 mm, ndifumana i-70.6 Ω kwi-1.2 m, i-50.7 Ω kwi-1.8 m, i-39.9 Ω kwi-2.4 m, kunye ne-33.1 Ω kwi-3.0 m.
| Utshintsho olwenziwe kwintonga | Uqwalaselo | Ukuxhathisa umhlaba | Ukunciphisa xa kuthelekiswa nesiseko | Umqhubi weendleko |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ityala elisisiseko | 17.2 mm × 1.5 m | 58.9 Ω | — | — |
| Phinda kabini ubude | 17.2 mm × 3.0 m | 33.1 Ω | ≈ 44% isezantsi | Ubunzima beCopper kunye nentsimbi ×2 |
| Phinda kabini ububanzi (L = 2.4 m) | 14.2 mm → 25 mm | 41.2 → 37.4 Ω | ≈ 9% isezantsi | Ubunzima beCopper kunye nentsimbi ×3 |
| Yongeza iintonga kumgama wesithuba esingu-≥ 1 × ubude | Iintonga ezimbini eziyi-17.2 mm × 2.4 m | ≈ 40 → 22–26 Ω | ≈ 35–45% esezantsi | Iintonga + izihlanganisi + umsebenzi wokuqhuba |
| Qhuba uye kumaleko osezantsi womhlaba | Ngophando ngalunye lomhlaba oneengqimba | Indawo ethile | Rhoqo i-lever enkulu | I-Deeper drive, iintonga ezityibilikayo ezinokwandiswa |
Uphononongo lokuthelekisa luka-2025 kwiIiSayensi eziSetyenzisiweyo ze-MDPI (umlinganiselo we-finite-element kunye nentsimi kuyo yonke i-400 V, 10 kV, kunye ne-35 kV)Ifika kwisigqibo esifanayo endisinika abathengi, kwicala lokulinganisa: kumhlaba oxhathisa kakhulu, iintonga ezithe nkqo eziqhutywa ngokunzulu zidlula ulwakhiwo olungaphantsi komhlaba kuba zifikelela kunxibelelwano olukhulu lomhlaba, ngelixa iigridi ezithe tye zenza ukuphakamisa okunzima kwi-fault current dissipation kwiyadi yesitishi esingaphantsi komhlaba. Olu phononongo lukwabonisa ukunciphisa okungakumbi kokumelana okuvela kwi-conductive backfill efana ne-bentonite okanye i-conductive concrete ejikeleze i-electrode - i-lever esemthethweni xa ungakwazi ukuqhuba nzulu.
Ngenxa yokuba ukumelana nomhlaba kuyawa ngokwe-logarithmic, intonga yokuqala eyi-3.0 m eqhutywayo yenza uninzi lomsebenzi, kwaye eyona nto ifanelekileyo kwigridi yomhlaba intonga yomhlaba phantse isoloko "yi-standard diameter, maximum drivable length" kunokuba "yi-maximum diameter, standard length."Ububanzi buyafumaneka kwiindawo ezintathu endizijonga kuzo zonke iinkcukacha: ukuqina kokuqhuba kumhlaba oqinileyo okanye onamatye (intonga ye-16-19 mm ijika ngaphantsi kwe-14.2 mm kwi-3.0 m drive), ukuthembeka kwentambo kwiindawo zokudibanisa ukuze kuqhutywe umgama omde, kunye nokuvumela ukugqwala kumhlaba odlamkileyo kwiminyaka engama-40-50 yobomi boyilo.
Isikali sokuxhathisa intonga enye (i-IEEE 80 uniform-soil equation)
R = ρ/(2πL) × [ln(8L/d) − 1]. Ubungakanani bokuqala kuphela — uyilo lokugqibela lufuna inkqubo epheleleyo yegridi ye-IEEE 80 kunye nemodeli yakho yomhlaba elinganisiweyo.
Inyathelo lesi-4 — Ukubalwa kweentonga, isithuba, kunye nendawo eziya kuyo ngokwenene iintonga
Kuzo zonke iindlela endizihlolayo, igridi yesitishi esingaphantsi ikhokela kuqala ize ilandele iintonga. Kwi-geometry yesalathiso seWind farm BoP — 40 m × 65 m, isithuba se-conductor se-4–7 m, i-0.5–0.8 m yokungcwaba — iintonga eziqhutywayo ezimalunga ne-3 m ziya kumda nakwizixhobo eziphambili, zenza umsebenzi ophindwe kabini: ukucheba ukumelana negridi kumhlaba onzulu kwaye kubambe iikona apho i-mesh voltage ifikelela khona. Umthetho wam wokubeka isithuba kubathengi uhlala ulungile kwaye ulula: Ndigcina iintonga ezikufutshane ubuncinane ubude bentonga enye, kuba iintonga eziqhutywayo zisondelelene kunobude bazo zabelana ngamagobolondo okumelana ahambelanayo kunye nobhedu olula. Isikhokelo soyilo seKeentel Engineering senza inqaku elifanayo lomda-kuqala kwaye siphawula ukuba apho umhlaba ongaphantsi ungavumi ukusebenzisana, imigodi eqhutywa ngokunzulu inokusasaza uninzi lwamandla empazamo — ityala elinye elibhaliweyo elikhankanya lona lityhale i-62% yokusasazeka kwangoku kwi-electrode enzulu.
Ndivala lonke uphononongo lwe-grid specs ngomaleko womphezulu. Ii-IEEE 80's tolerable-voltage equations zinika umaleko welitye elityumkileyo kuba ukumelana kwawo ne-2,000–10,000 Ω·m kuphakathi kweebhutsi zomsebenzi nomhlaba wendalo; amaxabiso aqhelekileyo oyilo asebenza kwi-3,000–5,000 Ω·m kubukhulu be-0.1–0.2 m. Umzekelo osebenzayo we-Wind farm BoP ulinganisa oko kusemngciphekweni: susa i-gravel kwaye i-touch voltage enyamezelekayo kuloo yadi ye-110 kV iwela ukusuka kwi-1,314 V ukuya malunga ne-222 V - ngaphantsi kwe-voltage ye-mesh ye-880 V ebaliweyo, oko kuthetha ukuba iyadi iyasilela.Ngenxa yokuba umaleko welitye uphindaphinda umda onyamezelekayo ngokuphindwe kaninzi ngelixa igridi ibamba i-voltage yokwenyani, iinkcukacha zentonga yomhlaba yesitishi esingaphantsi azigqitywa de kubekho umntu onayo i-gravel spec.
Oko Sikwenzayo Ngala Manani
Ubunjineli bugqiba ububanzi kunye nobude; umsebenzi wam kukuqinisekisa ukuba intonga efikayo ihambelana nephepha leenkcazo. Kwifektri yethu yaseXinchang ndijonga icala lokuthumela ngaphandle lomgca ovelisaiintonga zomhlaba zentsimbi ebotshelelwe ngobhedukwiimitha ezili-14.2–25 ububanzi kunye nobude obuyi-1.2–3.0 m, kunye nomaleko wobhedu ofakwe ngombane ≥0.254 mm kwi-≥99.95% yobumsulwa phezu kwesiseko sentsimbi esinekhabhoni ephantsi (~0.15% C). Oomatshini babalulekile kwi-3.0 m drive: sibamba amandla okutsalwa ≥580 N/mm², ukuthe tye ngaphakathi kwe-1 mm/m, kunye ne-engile yenqaku le-27.5° ± 2.5°, kwaye yonke ibhetshi isinda ekugobeni kwe-90° kwi-100 mm radius ngaphandle kokuqhekeka kobhedu okanye ukuxobuka - imo yokusilela ebulala iintonga ezingabizi kumhlaba onamatye.
Kwimijikelo eqhutywa ngokunzulu enokwandiswa — unyango lophando lwe-MDPI oluxhathisa kakhulu — yethuiintonga zombane ezibotshelelweyo zentsimbi yobhedudibanisa amacandelo ayi-1.2 m kwi-electrodes eziyi-3–6 m ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa bubunyani bejakethi kwindawo edibeneyo. Apho i-spec ifuna indlela eyahlukileyo yokubeka iplati, i-intonga yomhlaba egqunywe ngobheduuluhlu lugubungela ifestile enobubanzi obufanayo, kwaye yonkeudidi lwentonga yomhlabaIbonisa yonke indibaniselwano yobude nobubanzi esinayo. Umthamo wayo yi-50,000 yeziqwenga ngenyanga, ithumela i-EXW, i-FOB, i-CIF, okanye i-DDU evela eNingbo okanye eShanghai.
Yonke ibango elingasentla lixhaswa ngamaphepha: Inkqubo yefektri ye-ISO 9001, uluhlu lwe-UL 467, kunye nengxelo yovavanyo lohlobo lwe-CEPRI egubungela ubukhulu bomaleko wobhedu, ukunamathela, kunye nokusebenza kokugoba. I-QC yethu yangaphakathi isebenzisa amasango amathandathu ukusuka kwintsimbi engenayo ukuya ekuthunyelweni kwangaphambili, kwaye iirekhodi zebhetshi ziyiseti yedatha engasemva kwamanani endiwacaphulayo kweli nqaku. Ukuba i-spec yakho ifuna ukuphambuka - ubude obungaqhelekanga, iijakethi ezityebileyo, uvavanyo lwamangqina omntu wesithathu - leyo yingxoxo esinayo veki nganye, kwaye ungayiqala kwi-intanethi yethu.iphepha loqhagamshelwano.
Izinto Ezintathu Ezingavumelekanga Kwi-RFQ Endizithumela Kubathengi
Eyona nto ibiza kakhulu yi-split factor. Uninzi lwee-RFQ endizivulayo zichaza umsinga we-fault — masithi yi-40 kA — kwaye akukho nto yimbi, nto leyo enyanzela ukuba yonke intonga kunye nomqhubi we-rod zibe nobukhulu ngokungathi i-40 kA epheleleyo ingena kwigridi. Ayikwenzi oko.Ngenxa yokuba iingcingo ze-shield kunye nee-cable sheaths zithwala uninzi lwamandla e-fault current zibuyela kumthombo, i-spec ebhalwe ngaphandle kwe-current division factor yakha ubhedu oluphindwe kabini ukuya kahlanu kunokuba igadi iya kuze inike amandla.— Ityala elisebenzayo leBentley Systems libeka amanani okwenyani kuyo: i-22 kA yempazamo, i-691 A kwigridi. Ngoko ke impendulo yam yokuqala kuyo nayiphi na i-RFQ ayiloxabiso; sisicelo samanani amane: i-3I₀, umlinganiselo we-X/R, amaxesha okucoca aphambili kunye ne-backup, kunye ne-split factor okanye uqwalaselo lwe-shield-wire olufunekayo ukuyibala. Abathengi abanazo bafumana i-defensible spec; abathengi abangafumani ikholamu egciniweyo, baze bayihlawulele ngekopolo.
Ingxaki yesibini eshiyekileyo yimodeli yomhlaba enxibe njengexabiso lomhlaba. Umgca ofundeka ngolu hlobo “ukumelana nomhlaba: 100 Ω·m” undixelela ukuba kukho umntu ovule incwadi yesifundo, kuba incwadi yesikhokelo kaBentley icacile ukuba iindawo ezimelana ngokulinganayo azifumaneki rhoqo, kwaye umhlaba wasebusika oqandisiweyo unyusa ukumelana kwawo ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphambi kokuba ndizibophelele kubude bentonga, ndicela iindlela zeWenner ezine-pin traverses — iindawo ezininzi, ezidibanisa isithuba ukuya kwi-diagonal ende yegridi, malunga ne-76 m kwiyadi engama-40 m × 65 m. Uphando lugqiba ukuba ufuna ii-rods ezingama-2.4 m, ii-rods ezingama-3.0 m, okanye iintambo ezinemisonto ezinwebekayo kumaleko onzulu; ikhathalogu ayinakukwazi.
Into yesithathu eshiyekileyo zizinto ezimbini zokhuseleko ezingenanto. Enye yindlela yokudibanisa: yishiye ingachazwanga kwaye umakhi ufake naziphi na ii-clamps ezikulori, kwaye ijoyinti enye ebolileyo iba yindawo eshushu yokubala kwe-IEEE 80 engakhange icingelwe - yiyo loo nto ndibhala i-exothermic welding kumgca ofanayo we-RFQ njengentonga. Enye yi-crushed-rock layer, ethi i-procurement ithathe njenge-landscaping ngelixa i-tolerable-voltage math ithatha njengezixhobo zokhuseleko: yikhuphe kwaye umzekelo we-110 kV osebenzayo uwela kwi-1,314 V ebekezelelekayo ukuya kwi-222 V ngokuchasene ne-880 V mesh voltage. Ngaphaya kwezi zintathu, i-RFQ isafuna izinto zayo eziqhelekileyo zomgca - ububanzi, ubude, umaleko wobhedu ≥0.254 mm, ukuxinana ≥580 N/mm² - kunye nee-layers ezintathu zobungqina bovavanyo ezigutyungelwe kwi-FAQ engezantsi.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
Yeyiphi intonga yomhlaba enesangqa esingaphantsi kwesitishi uninzi lweenkcukacha ze-EPC eziwela kuyo?
Kwimiba endiyiphononongayo, ububanzi obuyi-16–19 mm (5/8–3/4 inches) obuziimitha eziyi-2.4–3.0 bugubungela uninzi lwezikhululo zokuhambisa nokuhambisa. Izibalo zobushushu azifane zinyanzelise ububanzi - intonga eyi-14.2 mm sele idlula isheke ye-40 kA, imizuzwana eyi-1 - ngoko ke abaqhubi baqhuba ukuqina, ubungakanani bomsonto wokudibanisa, kunye nesibonelelo sokugqwala. Ndicaphula i-17.2 mm njengesiqhelo - isusa udidi lwemisonto oluyi-5/8 kwaye iqhuba i-3.0 m ngokuthe tye.
Ingaba intonga ende okanye etyebileyo ingcono ekunciphiseni ukumelana negridi?
Ubude, phantse rhoqo — ubude obuphindwe kabini ukusuka kwi-1.5 m ukuya kwi-3.0 m bunciphisa ukumelana malunga ne-44% kumhlaba ofanayo we-100 Ω·m, ngelixa ububanzi obuphindwe kabini ukusuka kwi-14.2 mm ukuya kwi-25 mm bunciphisa malunga ne-9%. Apho ilitye linciphisa ubunzulu, yongeza iintonga kwindawo enye okanye usebenzise i-bentonite backfill, into eboniswa luphando lwe-MDPI Applied Sciences luka-2025.
Ingakanani i-fault current egeleza kwi-ground grid?
Yinxalenye yokwahlulahlula kuphela — ngesiqhelo yi-20–50% ngokwesikhokelo soyilo seKeentel Engineering, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ingaphantsi kakhulu. Incwadi yohlalutyo lwe-grounding yeBentley Systems isebenza nge-22 kA phase-A fault apho i-691 A kuphela eyayihamba ngendlela ivelisa ukunyuka komhlaba wegridi; iintambo zesihlangu kunye nee-cable sheaths zazithwala okuseleyo. Yingakho i-split factor evela kwisifundo se-grounding ifaneleka kwi-RFQ yakho ngaphambi kokuba kuxoxwe ngayo nayiphi na i-rod diameter.
Ngaba i-IEEE 80 ifuna iintonga zentsimbi ezibotshelelweyo zobhedu, okanye ubhedu oluqinileyo?
I-IEEE 80 isekelwe ekusebenzeni — imisela ubushushu, ukumelana, kunye nemigangatho yokuchukumisa/inyathelo, hayi izinto zemveliso. Intsimbi ebotshelelweyo yobhedu yaba yintonga yomhlaba emiselweyo kuba umbindi wentsimbi unika amandla okuqhuba ukufakwa kwe-2.4–3.0 m ngelixa ijakethi yobhedu ithwala umbane kwaye imelana nokugqwala; i-UL 467 yenza ijakethi encinci ye-0.254 mm ibe sesikweni. Ubhedu oluqinileyo luqhuba kakubi kumhlaba oqinileyo; intsimbi egalelweyo ilahlekelwa yingxoxo yokugqwala.
Iintonga zifanele zitsalwe nzulu kangakanani, kwaye zibekwe kude kangakanani?
Kwimiba endiyivumayo, indlela eqhelekileyo yokusebenza yi-2.4–3.0 m rods ngaphantsi kwegrid egqunywe yi-0.5–0.8 m ubunzulu, kunye neentonga kumda kunye neendawo zezixhobo eziphambili, zibekwe ubuncinane ubude bentonga enye ukuze amaqokobhe azo okumelana angagqithani. Apho uphando lomhlaba lubonisa umaleko ongaphezulu okhuselayo phezu kobunzulu bokuhambisa umoya, iintonga ezinokwandiswa ngemisonto zikuvumela ukuba uqhube nge-6 m okanye nzulu - uphando oluthelekisayo lwe-MDPI luqinisekisa ukuba iintonga eziqhutywa ngokunzulu zezona ziqinileyo kumhlaba oxhathisayo kakhulu.
Ngaba iintonga zomhlaba zodwa zingalungisa indawo enokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu?
Akunjalo rhoqo, kwaye ukunyaniseka apha konga imali. Xa izibalo zomhlaba ezifanayo zingaphumeleli ekujoliswe kuko, ileli eqinisekisiweyo yile: ii-electrode eziqhutywa nzulu, iintonga ezingaphezulu kwindawo efanelekileyo, i-conductive backfill (i-bentonite okanye ikhonkrithi eqhubayo, ebhalwe kwisifundo se-MDPI), kwaye ekugqibeleni imigodi yomhlaba enzulu - uKeentel ukhankanya imeko apho i-electrode enzulu yayithwele i-62% ye-fault current dispersion. Iintonga zezona zi-first lever zibiza kancinci, kodwa imodeli yomhlaba kufuneka ikhethe i-rung.
Ngawaphi amaxwebhu ovavanyo endifanele ndiwafune kumthengisi wentonga yomhlaba?
Iileya ezintathu: uluhlu (UL 467 okanye olulinganayo) olubonisa udidi lwemveliso; uvavanyo lohlobo oluvunyiweyo — olwethu yiCEPRI — olugubungela ubukhulu beleya yobhedu, ukunamathela, kunye nokugoba; kunye neerekhodi zenqanaba lebhetshi ezibonisa ubhedu ≥0.254 mm, ukuxinana ≥580 N/mm², kunye nokugoba kwe-90° kwi-100 mm radius ngaphandle kokuxobuka. Ukuba umthengisi akanakukwazi ukuvelisa zonke ezi zintathu, awunabungqina bokuba intonga yile nto ithethwa liphepha ledatha.
Ngaba ulinganisa igridi yesitishi esingaphantsi kwesinye ngoku xa ithelekiswa ne-IEEE 80?
Ndithumelele i-fault current yakho, ixesha lokucoca, i-split factor, kunye nemodeli yomhlaba — ndiza kubuya kungekapheli usuku olunye lokusebenza kunye nengcebiso yobude be-diameter, izibalo ezingasemva kwayo, kunye nesicatshulwa.Qala incoko kwiphepha lethu lonxibelelwano →
Ndilawula ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe komhlaba kunye nokukhusela umbane okuvela kumzi-mveliso wethu weXinchang, ndihlaziya iinkcukacha zesitishi esingaphantsi se-IEEE 80 kunye nabathengi be-EPC kunye noovimba beenkonzo kumazwe angaphezu kwama-40.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-06-2026