English

Iimveliso

Umhlaba Ongenalondolozo kwiifama zelanga: Ukucacisa ii-electrode zekhemikhali kwiiprojekthi ze-PV ezisetyenziswa kakhulu

Isikhokelo seenkcukacha zedatha yasentsimini yeenjineli ze-solar EPC: indlela ii-electrode zokumisa iikhemikhali ezingama-4,200 ezithunyelwe kwisityalo se-Saudi PV se-150 MW ezibambe ngayo ukumelana ne-3.1 Ω pad kwiminyaka emihlanu kumhlaba we-1,800 Ω·cm — kunye namanyathelo okuthenga, okufakela, kunye nokuhlolwa asenze safika apho.

TL;DR — Iimpendulo ezintlanu ezivela ekufakweni kwe-electrode yeekhemikhali eyi-150 MW yokwenyani

  • Yintoni kanye kanye eyathunyelwayo?Ii-electrode zokugquma iikhemikhali ezingama-4,200 kwisityalo se-Saudi PV esingu-150 MW ngaphezulu kwefestile yokufaka ka-2020-2022, kunye nee-electrode ezitshintshayo zovavanyo lokuphinda lwenziwe ngo-2023.
  • Idatha yasentsimini ibonise ntoni?Ukumelana okuqhelekileyo kwephedi kufikelele kwi-3.1 Ω xa kuthelekiswa noyilo olujoliswe kwi-5 Ω, apho eyona phedi imbi kakhulu ifundeka kwi-4.7 Ω xa kuvavanywa kwakhona unyaka nonyaka kwikona ye-array eyomileyo.
  • Ngowuphi umda womhlaba owawuthethelelayo loo nto?Uphando olunemigangatho lubeke i-73% yee-electrodes kwi-1,000-2,000 Ω·cm band; eyona i-6% imbi kakhulu idlule kwi-2,500 Ω·cm apho kwafuneka siphinde kabini.
  • Yeyiphi imigangatho eyayibalulekile ngokwenene? IEEE 837kwizihlanganisi,I-IEC 62561-7ukuze kufunyanwe imali eseleyo,Inqaku 690 le-NFPA 70 (NEC)kumqhubi wecala le-PV, kunyeI-NEMA GR-1kwijiyometri yentonga.
  • Yintoni engazange iphumelele kwaye yintoni eyayilungiswa?Ibhetshi enye ye-backfill evela kubathengisi ngo-2022 ayizange iphumelele uvavanyo lwethu lwe-Q3 lwe-ionic-stability retest (iisampulu ezili-12 kwezingama-38 zalahlekelwa yi->35% resistivity resistivity emva kweentsuku ezingama-30 kwi-60°C); safudukela kwi-in-house compounding saza savavanywa kwakhona ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa okulandelayo.
Umfanekiso 1 — I-electrode yokugquma yekhemikhali ye-copper-tube ithotywa emgodini ogqunywe nge-augered kwi-PV inverter pad ngexesha lokufakelwa kwesityalo saseSaudi ngo-2021. I-Backfill compound izalisa i-annulus ngaphambi kokuba umgodi wokuhlola uvalwe.

Idatha yentsimi yale nqaku ivela kwisityalo se-PV saseSaudi esine-150 MW esifike kuthi ngo-Agasti 2020 njengophando oluqhelekileyo. I-EPC eseMadrid itshintshe ukusuka kwixabiso-ngeqhekeza ukuya kwinkcazo kwi-imeyile yesibini - injineli yabo ephambili yayiphile kwiprojekthi ye-50 MW ngo-2018 apho isitovu esimanzi sasidlule umda we-touch-voltage kunyaka wesithathu. Okulandelayo lulandelelwano lokuthengwa, ukufakwa, kunye nokuhlolwa oluvelise imodeli yokusebenza ye-3.1 Ω avareji / 4.7 Ω eyonakeleyo / iminyaka emihlanu engenalondolozo - kunye neqela elinye labathengisi eliphantse layiphula.

1. I-Spec Engenasondlo Eyaqala Ngesityalo Esingenamanzi Esingazange Siphumelele

Ukusilela okubhekisele kuko yayikukuba isityalo se-PV saseChile esingu-50 MW esasetyenziswa ngo-2018 ngeentonga zesiqhelo eziqhutywa ngobhedu kunye nomjikelo wokunkcenkceshela weenyanga ezintandathu. Ngonyaka wesithathu, ifestile ye-touch-voltage kwii-inverter pads ezintandathu yayisele idlule umda woyilo kuba ukutyelela kabini okucwangcisiweyo ngo-2020 kwaphunywa (imiqathango yokuhamba nge-COVID). Iintonga azizange zingasebenzi kakuhle ngokwasemzimbeni - zomile. Ukumelana nee-pad kudlule umda we-5 Ω kwii-pad ezintathu kwezintandathu.

Loo msantsa wokusebenza ovalwa yi-electrode yokumisa ikhemikhali. Imveliso yethu yintsimbi egqunywe ngobhedu (17.2 mm ukuya kwi-25.4 mm) ngaphakathi kwe-annulus eyi-100 mm ukuya kwi-150 mm, ezaliswe yi-hygroscopic compound - udongwe lwe-bentonite oluhlanganiswe ne-magnesium sulfate kunye ne-additi yokugcinwa komswakama. Le compound ifunxa umswakama ongqongileyo kwaye iwubambe kumphezulu wentonga; i-magnesium sulfate igcina umthamo womhlaba uqhuba ngokukhawuleza. Isiphumo senqanaba lesityalo kukuba ifestile ye-touch-voltage ihlala ngaphakathi komda woyilo iminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-30, kwaye umjikelo wokunkcenkceshela uyaphuma kwisicwangciso se-O&M.

Isiphumo esisebenzayo sokuthenga.Ukubhala "i-electrode yokumisa iikhemikhali" kwiinkcukacha ze-inverter-pad kuqinisekisa umjikelo wokuhlola weminyaka emihlanu endaweni yomjikelo weenyanga ezintandathu. Kwiindawo ezingama-4,200 kwisityalo saseSaudi, olo tshintsho lususa malunga notyelelo lwesiza oluyi-1,800 ngonyaka kwi-EPC's O&M prediction.

Kwiprojekthi yaseSaudi, umahluko phakathi kwentonga enamanzi kunye ne-electrode yamakhemikhali yayisisibophelelo seminyaka emihlanu se-O&M i-EPC eyayisibhala kwi-asethi ngosuku lokuqala. Nje ukuba loo freyimu ifike kwigumbi, iprimiyamu yecandelo ngalinye iba yinto yomgca ekhuselekayo.

2. Imephu Yokumelana Nomhlaba Eyagqiba Ii-Electrode Eziyi-4,200

Impendulo enyanisekileyo kuI-electrode yamakhemikhali iyeka nini ukuba yinto yokuzikhethelayimephu yokumelana nomhlaba. Kwisityalo saseSaudi senze uphando lweWenner oluneephini ezine kulo lonke umgama we-1.8 km² kunye neephini kubunzulu be-electrode obucwangcisiweyo (iiprobe ze-1.5 m kunye ne-3.0 m). Uhlalutyo olungezantsi lolo ndilusebenzisayo xa i-EPC ibuza umbuzo ofanayo kwiprojekthi entsha.

Ibhendi yokuxhathisa (Ω·cm) Isabelo see-electrodes Oko sikuchazileyo
Ngaphantsi ~500 0% (Indawo yaseSaudi yayingenamhlaba oqhubayo ngale ndlela) Ayisebenzi — ayifumaneki kwiindawo ze-PV ezomileyo.
500 ukuya kwi-1,000 21% I-electrode yekhemikhali enye eyi-1.5 m ngephedi nganye; umlinganiselo wokufunda yi-4.2 Ω.
1,000 ukuya ku-2,000 73%(ibhendi esembindini yoyilo) I-electrode enye yekhemikhali eyi-2.4 m ngephedi nganye; ukufundwa okuqhelekileyo3.1 Ω.
Ngaphezulu kwama-2,000 6% (uninzi lwazo lukwikona esemazantsi-ntshona) Iphindwe kabini: ii-electrode ezimbini ze-2.4 m kwipateni ye-delta kunye nomaleko omncinci wegrabile; ukufundwa okubi kakhulu yi-4.7 Ω.

Inani elibalulekileyo kukufunda ukuqina kwe-electrode kubunzulu obucwangcisiweyo, kungekhona ukufunda komphezulu.Kwindawo yaseSaudi, ukufundwa komphezulu we-four-pin kwakungena kwi-380 Ω·cm (bekuya kuthetha ukuba intonga eqhutywayo yayanele); ukufundwa kwe-1.5 m yayiyi-1,400 Ω·cm kwaye ukufundwa kwe-3.0 m yayiyi-1,800 Ω·cm. Ngaphandle kophando olunezitezi, i-EPC ibiya kuchaza uluhlu lwezinto eziqhutywayo ngamanzi.

Kutheni siphinde kabini i-6% yee-pad endaweni yokuzijula.Ikona esemzantsi-ntshona ihleli phezu komaleko we-caliche kwi-3.5 m ekwaziyo ukumelana nokuqhutywa ngakumbi. Iintonga ezimbini kwipateni ye-delta zingcono kunentonga enye enzulu kumhlaba onee-layered substrate enokuchasana.

3. Oko Kuthethwa "Ngokungadingi Lungiso" kwiNgxelo yethu yoVavanyo lohlobo

Eli binzana lisemgangathweni weshishini kodwa alinamsebenzi, ngoko ke silibhala phantsi kuyo yonke into ethunyelwayo. I-electrode yokumisa inkunkuma engenakhemikhali kwidokhi yethu yokuthumela ineempawu ezine zobunjineli ezibonakala kwingxelo yovavanyo lohlobo, kwaye ingxelo yile nto i-EPC ekufuneka icele ukuba ibone ngaphambi kokuba isayine i-PO.

  1. Ukuzaliswa kwe-Hygroscopic backfill (ngeI-IEC 62561-7).I-Bentonite ixutywe ne-magnesium sulfate (hayi i-sodium chloride, ehlasela ii-cores ezigqunywe yi-copper-clad). Uvavanyo lwe-ionic-stability lweentsuku ezingama-60°C / 30 lubamba iindlela ezimfutshane zomthengisi: ii-compounds ezihambelanayo zibambe i-≥80% yokunciphisa i-resistivity; iqela lomthengisi lika-2022 lehle laya kwi-65%, nto leyo ebangele ukuba i-compounding switch iqale ngaphakathi.
  2. Isiseko sentsimbi egqunywe ngekopolo ukuyaI-NEMA GR-1, Ubuncinane be-254 µm.Ilawula ukugqwala kwe-galvanic. Siyilahlile inkampani yomthengisi ka-2021 eyayine-cladding eyi-180 µm — i-inside spec ye-low-current signal earthing kodwa incinci kakhulu kumthwalo we-impulse-current othwalwa yi-ESE termination ngexesha lesiganeko sokubetha.
  3. Umngxuma wokuhlola osisigxina onefestile yokulinganisa ebambekayo.I-polymer eyi-300 mm × 300 mm × 300 mm (hayi i-concrete; ii-corkrite cracks kwi-arid-thermal cycling). I-clamp-on read ivumela iqela le-O&M ukuba lijonge uvavanyo oluphindwe kabini lweminyaka emihlanu kwimizuzwana engama-30 ngephedi nganye.
  4. Akukho kunkcenkceshela kwakhona okucwangcisiweyo kwisicwangciso se-O&M.Incwadi yemiyalelo yaseSaudi ifuna ukuba kufakwe i-clamp kunyaka wokuqala, kunyaka wesithathu, nakunyaka wesihlanu — akukho nto phakathi. Umjikelo wokunkcenkceshela weenyanga ezintandathu okanye ezilishumi elinesibini uthetha ukuba i-electrode ayichazwanga kakuhle.

Umahluko phakathi kwei-electrode yokumisa ikhemikhalikunyeintonga yomhlaba ye-ion ye-electrolyticKumgca wethu kukho ijiyometri, ayisebenzi — ityhubhu yekopolo vs isiseko sentsimbi esigqunywe yikopolo, i-backfill efanayo. Zombini zinikezele ngomyinge ofanayo we-3.1 Ω xa kuthelekiswa nethagethi ye-5 Ω kwisityalo saseSaudi.

4. Imigangatho Emine Ebhekiselele Kwizichazi-magama zaseSaudi

Iinkcazo zaseSaudi zineereferensi ezine. Ngowuphi umgangatho olawula isigqibo sokuba sesiphi na icandelo ii-EPC ezihlala zisishiya singacacanga - nantsi imephu yokusebenza.

Umgangatho Oko yayikulawula Oko kuboniswe yi-EPC
IEEE 837 Uqhagamshelo olufakwe kwi-exothermic oluvela kwi-electrode nganye ukuya kwi-grounding conductor yezixhobo. Uluhlu lwezixhumi zobungakanani bomqhubi osetyenziswayo (sisebenzise i-4/0 AWG kwisiqu, i-2 AWG kwiiphedi ezizimeleyo); ingxelo yovavanyo lwentambo ukuya kwinduku.
I-IEC 62561-7 I-backfill compound ngokwayo. Ingxelo yovavanyo lohlobo: i-resistivity factor yokunciphisa ukufuma kwi-reference moisture kunye ne-60°C / iziphumo ze-ionic-stability zeentsuku ezingama-30.Eyona nto idla ngokungabikho kwiingcaphuno zomncintisani.
Inqaku 690 le-NFPA 70 (NEC) Ubungakanani bomqhubi we-grounding wezixhobo ukusuka kwisakhelo se-array ukuya kwi-electrode. Ubungakanani bomqhubi we-conductor ngokwetafile ye-NEC 690, kunye nokuphela kwe-electrode kudweliswe kumgangatho wecandelo ovunyiweyo (UL 467 kwimeko yase-US, nangona isityalo ngokwaso sise-Saudi Arabia - i-EPC isebenzise uluhlu lwase-US njengesiseko sophicotho).
I-NEMA GR-1 Ubukhulu bentonga, ubukhulu be-copper-cladding, ukuthe tye. Isiqinisekiso sokusila: ububanzi ±0.1 mm, ubukhulu bekopolo ≥254 µm, ukuthe tye ≤1 mm / 300 mm.

Kwii-MV pads kunye ne-POI substation,IEEE 80kwayeIEEE 665yayizizithintelo zokubopha, kungekhona ukumelana nephedi eluhlaza. Zombini iilead kwafuneka zivumelane nge-IEEE 837 ngaphambi kokuba zisayine.

Isiqendu esiphantse saphazamisa ishedyuli.Uvavanyo lwe-IEC 62561-7 ionic-stability lubuye kwi-65% yokugcina kwibhetshi yokuqala yomthengisi phakathi kowama-2022 — ngaphantsi komda wethu wama-80%. Sibambe ukuthunyelwa kwempahla iiveki ezintandathu ngelixa sigqiba umgca wokudibanisa ngaphakathi. Iwindow ye-EPC yokwamkelwa komgangatho weentsuku ezingama-90 yamkela ukulibaziseka.

5. Apho ii-Electrodes zaya khona ngokwenene kwi-Array

Kwiziko laseSaudi, umbuzo othi “ndizibeka phi” uphendulwe ngokuchasene nomzobo womgca omnye i-EPC ewuhlaziye kathathu ngaphambi kokuba isikhongozeli sokuqala sithunyelwe. Ii-electrode zekhemikhali zafika kwiintlobo ezintlanu ezahlukeneyo zeendawo - kwaye uxwebhu lokuthenga kwafuneka luchaze ukuba nguwuphi umgangatho olawula indawo, kuba i-geometry ye-electrode efanayo yayichazwe ngokwahlukileyo kwinye nganye.


Umfanekiso 2 — I-electrode yekhemikhali ye-electrolytic ion ground rod type kwi-inverter pad ye-Saudi-plant egqityiweyo. I-core egqunywe yi-copper idityaniswe nge-exothermically kwi-equipment-grounding conductor kwinqanaba le-inspection-pit.
  1. Iiphedi ze-inverter.Iqale kwiphedi enye ngephedi; yongeza umzuzwana kwiiphedi ezili-14 apho uphando lwe-1.5 m lwalungaphezulu kwe-1,800 Ω·cm (ii-electrodes ezili-1,316, umyinge we-3.1 Ω).
  2. Iiphedi ze-MV transformer.Ii-electrode ezimbini ngephedi nganye kunye nomaleko wegrabile yomphezulu, oyilwe ngokuchasene nefestile ye-IEEE 80 touch- kunye ne-step-voltage (ii-84 pads, ii-electrode ezili-168).
  3. Iibhokisi zokudibanisa.I-electrode enye kwibhokisi nganye (ii-electrode ezili-1,890).
  4. Zombini iziphelo zesiqu esiphambili sezixhobo zeDC.Ii-electrode ezimbini (isiqu se-1.4 km).
  5. Ukupheliswa kwe-ESE lightning down-conductor.Ii-terminals zomoya ze-ESE ezingama-24 kwi-array perimeter kunye ne-MV switchgear housing, nganye ine-electrolytic ion ground rod termination (umthamo we-impulse-current wawungumqobo wokubopha).

Isimbuku: ii-electrode zeekhemikhali ezingama-4,200, ezihambelana neshedyuli yokuthengwa kwe-EPC kunye nezikhongozeli ezishiye iXinchang phakathi kukaSeptemba 2020 noMatshi 2022. Impazamo endiyibona rhoqo kuhlaziyo lokuqala kukuphatha zonke iintlobo ezintlanu zeendawo njengezifanayo — azifani. Uxwebhu lokuthengwa kufuneka luchaze ukuba nguwuphi umgangatho olawula ukuba yeyiphi indawo.

6. I-Backfill-Chemistry Spec eyahlula ngokwenene uMboneleli

Kwiprojekthi yaseSaudi, i-backfill spec yahlula abaphumeleleyo ababini kuluhlu lwebhidi. Omnye uthumele ikhathalogu enamaphepha ali-14 enesalathiso esinye se-IEC 62561-7 kwiphepha elingasemva. Omnye uthumele ingxelo yovavanyo lohlobo enamaphepha angama-38 egubungela i-resistivity reduction factor kwiimeko ezine zokufuma, iziphumo ze-ionic-stability ezingama-60°C / 30-day, i-90-day moisture-retention curve, kunye nengxelo yokuthobela indalo yesigaba se-ESIA. Owesibini ngumthengisi obhalwe yi-EPC kwisicwangciso se-O&M seminyaka engama-25.

Ulwimi lokuthenga esilubhalele i-spec yaseSaudi lubiza iipropati ezine — ezine ezifanayo esizivavanya ngaphakathi endlwini kwimpahla nganye ethunyelwayo, kunye nezinye ezine ezifanayo ezibuyayo kwingxelo yethu yovavanyo lohlobo.

  • Isici sokunciphisa ukuxhathisa (ngokwe-IEC 62561-7).Isiqhelo: 12:1 kwi-20% yokufuma okuqhelekileyo.
  • Uzinzo lwe-ionic lwexesha elide (60°C / uvavanyo lweentsuku ezingama-30).I-Magnesium sulfate phezu kwe-sodium chloride (i-chloride ihlasela ii-cores ezigqunywe yi-copper); umlinganiselo wokugcinwa kwe-≥80%. Ibhetshi yababoneleli bonyaka ka-2022 ibuye kwi-65% - into ebangela ukuba kubekho i-compound ngaphakathi endlwini.
  • Ukugcinwa komswakama kumjikelo wokomisa weentsuku ezingama-90.Ukugcinwa kwe-73% emva kweentsuku ezingama-90 kwi-35°C / 30% RH — indawo yedatha esetyenzisiweyo yi-EPC ukuseta uvavanyo lokuphinda lwenziwe kunyaka-wesihlanu.
  • Ukuthobela imiqathango yokusingqongileyo kwi-ESIA.Idlula iphaneli ye-leachate eqhelekileyo engaphantsi kwe-1 mg/L kwiimetali ezilawulwayo.

Umzi-mveliso obonisa ingxelo yovavanyo lweentlobo ezine zepropathi yileyo i-EPC eyibhala kwisicwangciso se-O&M seminyaka engama-25; leyo inephepha lomlinganiselo wentonga kuphela ivela kunyaka wesibini ine-imeyile ethi "i-compound entsha ephuculweyo".

Umfanekiso 3 — Ijeli ye-backfill ene-hygroscopic kunye nee-pellets ezisetyenziswa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-electrode yokumisa ikhemikhali. Umxube we-bentonite-electrolyte yiwo ogcina umswakama kwinduku kwaye ugcina ukumelana nokudibana nomhlaba kuzinzile ngamaxesha onyaka omileyo.

7. Indlela Esiyichaze Ngayo Inkqubo Yenyathelo Elithandathu ye-Saudi EPC

Inkqubo yeenkcukacha-manani enamanyathelo amathandathu esiye sahamba ngayo kwi-EPC yileyo siyisebenzisayo kuyo yonke iprojekthi ye-PV yesikali sezixhobo. Ayiloluhlu oluqhelekileyo — inyathelo ngalinye linesigqibo esiqhotyoshelweyo ekufuneka senziwe yinjineli ye-EPC kwiprojekthi yakhe ethile.

  1. Yenza uphando lwe-Wenner olune-pin ezine-resistivity-resistivity survey kuyo yonke indawo ecwangcisiweyo.Rekhoda kubunzulu be-probe obuyi-1.5 m kunye ne-3.0 m. Umahluko phakathi komphezulu nobunzulu kwindawo yaseSaudi yayiyi-4× (380 Ω·cm vs 1,800 Ω·cm).
  2. Misela ukumelana kwethagethi nganye kwidayagram yomgca omnye weprojekthi.Iseti ye-Saudi EPC yi-5 Ω nge-inverter pad kunye ne-1 Ω kwigridi ye-equipotential iyonke; zombini zibanjwe ukuvavanywa kwakhona konyaka-wesihlanu.
  3. Chaza ikhemistri ye-backfill ngokubhaliweyo, kunye nengxelo yovavanyo lweentlobo ezine zeepropati eqhotyoshelweyo.Iqela lababoneleli ngo-2022 yayilityala lovavanyo — ingxelo ifumene ukugcinwa kwe-65% ngaphambi kokuba ithunyelwe.
  4. Tshixa ijiyometri yentonga kunye nomgangatho wesixhumi.I-17.2 mm × 2.4 m egqunywe ngobhedu kwii-inverter pads; I-25.4 mm × 2.4 m i-electrolytic ion geometry yee-MV pads kunye ne-lightning terminations. Izihlanganisi ezifakwe kwi-exothermic-welded kwiIEEE 837, akukho zikliphu zoomatshini.
  5. Faka kumhlaba ongaphazanyiswanga ngesixhobo sokugquma esime nkqo esingange-100 mm.Isixhobo esifanayo sokufaka amanzi kwi-array epheleleyo — akukho zixhobo zikhethekileyo. Zalisa i-annulus ngaphambi kokuvala umngxuma wokuhlola; kuphephe ukufaka emanzini amileyo (ixesha lokuphumla okomileyo leentsuku ezili-14 ngaphambi kokufaka ngumthetho oqhelekileyo kule ndawo).
  6. Qinisekisa ngovavanyo olunokwenzeka xa uqalisa umsebenzi kwaye xa uneminyaka emihlanu.Ngokwentsapho ye-IEEE 81 method; ukumelana neenkuni, ubushushu bomhlaba, kunye nokufuma. Uvavanyo oluphindwe kabini lwesityalo saseSaudi lubuye kwi-avareji ye-3.1 Ω kunye ne-pad embi kakhulu ye-4.7 Ω.

8. Ibhloko Yobukhulu Asizange Siyilungise Kwangoko Okokuqala

Ii-electrode zokuqala ezingama-200 kwisityalo saseSaudi zathunyelwa nge-auger ye-75 mm (injineli yendawo ye-EPC yayiyisebenzise kwiprojekthi yangaphambili ye-driven-rod) kwaye ukufundwa kwentsimi kwabuya kwi-avareji ye-5.8 Ω xa kuthelekiswa nethagethi ye-5 Ω - i-compound yayingenandawo yokufumisa. Sitshintshele kwi-100 mm kwii-electrode ezisele ezingama-4,000 kwaye i-avareji yehla yaya kwi-3.1 Ω. Iimbobo ezingama-200 ezingaphantsi azizange ziphinde zifakwe i-augere; ziyi-6% yee-pad kwi-"over 2,000 Ω·cm" band ezifumene unyango lwe-double-electrode.

Ipharamitha Imvulophu yokusebenza (isityalo saseSaudi) Ngoba
Ububanzi be-core 17.2 mm (ii-inverter pads); 25.4 mm (ii-MV pads, ii-ESE terminations) nganyeI-NEMA GR-1 Ii-cores ezincinci zinciphisa amandla oomatshini ngexesha lokufakelwa kwe-auger.
Ubude 2.4 m Ngaphantsi kwe-1.5 m, ukushukuma komswakama wexesha lonyaka kuyanda — ukufundwa komphezulu we-380 Ω·cm bekuya kuba yeyona ndawo yedatha kuphela ukuba besihlala singanzulu kangako.
Ububanzi bomngxuma we-Auger Ubuncinci be-100 mm Ngaphantsi kwe-100 mm, i-annulus ye-backfill ayimanzi. Uvavanyo lokuqala lwe-75 mm kule ndawo lubize i-0.4 Ω avareji.
Umgodi wokuhlola kunye nesixhumi Umngxuma wepolymer oyi-300 mm × 300 mm × 300 mm; isiqhagamsheli esidityaniswe nge-exothermic kwi-IEEE 837 I-polymer idlula ikhonkrithi kwi-eyomileyo-eshushu. Ii-mechanical clamps aziphumelelanga kuvavanyo lwe-impulse-current kwibhentshi yethu yangaphakathi.

Umahluko we-0.4 Ω phakathi kwe-75 mm kunye ne-100 mm auger yeyona variable inkulu kakhulu esecaleni lokufaka esiyilinganisileyo — kwaye yi-variable elawulwa yinjineli yesiza se-EPC, hayi ifektri okanye ikhemistri yokugcwalisa. Umgca odibeneyo unokuqiniswa kwidesika ye-spec; i-auger ayinakukwazi.

9. Indlela Oku Okunxulumana Ngayo Nokwakhiwa Kwelanga Lehlabathi — kunye Nesizathu Sokuba Kubalulekile Ukuthengwa Kwe-EPC Ngo-2026

I-3.1 Ω yesityalo saseSaudi ayisiyonto ingaqhelekanga. Kuyo yonke imithwalo yethu ka-2020-2025 eya kwi-PV yomgangatho wombane kuMbindi Mpuma, eMntla Afrika, eMzantsi-ntshona we-US, nakwilizwe lase-Australia, umlinganiselo wokumelana kwephedi kwiindawo ezichazwe ngokuchanekileyo ufikelele kuluhlu lwe-2.8 ukuya kwi-3.6 Ω xa kuthelekiswa nethagethi ye-5 Ω. Ukusasazwa kwe-0.8 Ω kuqhutywa yi-soil band kunye ne-auger-hole diameter kwicala lokufaka. Ukuhambelana kwe-Backfill-chemistry akunamsebenzi kangako kune-auger-hole diameter discipline - into ethe yamangalisa iqela lethu le-QA xa sihlola idatha yovavanyo lonyaka wesibini ngokuchasene neerekhodi zokufaka.

Loo patheni yedatha yentsimi ichasene nokwakhiwa okufakelwayo ngoku, nguUkulandelela i-IEA-PVPS, amandla amatsha e-PV angaphezulu kwe-400 GW ngonyaka.Umfanekiso we-IEA-PVPS 2024iqinisekisa ukuba i-PV eqokelelweyo idlule i-2 TW;I-IEA Renewables 2024Ingxelo ibonisa ukuba i-PV yobungakanani bezixhobo zokusebenza iya kuhlala inegalelo elikhulu kumandla amatsha avuselelekayo ukuya kuthi ga ngo-2030. Kumaqela okuthenga, ukugrumba umhlaba kuye kwatshintsha ukusuka kumgca wentonga kunye ne-clamp ukuya kudidi oluvunyiweyo lweenkcukacha zobungakanani bezixhobo zokusebenza - kwaye ababoneleli abanokuvelisa ingxelo yovavanyo lohlobo lwepropathi ezine ngabo baphumeleleyo kuphando.

Isiphumo esisebenzayo sokuthenga.Xa isityalo se-PV esinamakhulu ee-MW sisisiseko soyilo, ukubumba umhlaba akuseyonto yokuthengwa kwempahla nganye. Sisivumelwano seminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-30 se-O&M esibhalwa yi-EPC kwimpahla ngomhla wokuqala, kwaye i-electrode yamakhemikhali yenza eso sithembiso sikhuseleke kwimali-mboleko yeprojekthi.

10. Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo Ngamaqela OkuThenga e-EPC

Yintoni i-electrode yokugquma yekhemikhali kwifama yelanga?

Intonga yentsimbi egqunywe ngobhedu efakwe ngokuthe nkqo kwaye ijikelezwe yi-hygroscopic backfill compound efunxa umswakama ongqongileyo, igcina ukumelana ne-electrode iminyaka emininzi ngaphandle kokunkcenkceshela ngesandla. Kwisityalo saseSaudi, ama-4,200 athunyelwe ukusuka ngo-2020 ukuya ku-2022 kunye nomyinge we-3.1 Ω kunyaka-wesihlanu.

Kutheni kubalulekile ukugalela umhlaba ngaphandle kokugcinwa kwenkunkuma kwi-PV esetyenziswa kakhulu?

Izityalo zigubungela amashumi ukuya kumakhulu eehektare kunye namawaka eendawo ze-electrode. I-electrode yendabuko kumjikelo wokunkcenkceshela weenyanga ezintandathu okanye ezilishumi elinambini ishiya impahla ingakhuselekanga ukuba ishedyuli iyaphambuka. Ukucoca umhlaba ngaphandle kokugcinwa kuyawususa umjikelo.

Luluphi uhlobo lokumelana komhlaba oluphezulu kakhulu kwinduku eqhutywa yodwa?

Ngaphezulu kwe-1,000 Ω·cm, intonga enye eqhutywa ngobhedu ayinakufikelela ngokuthembekileyo ngaphantsi kwe-5 Ω kwindawo yokubeka izinto ngaphandle kwenani elingaqhelekanga leentonga okanye ukufakelwa okunzulu kakhulu. Kwisityalo saseSaudi, i-73% ye-array yayikwi-1,000-2,000 Ω·cm band; i-6% engaphezulu kwe-2,000 Ω·cm ifumene ii-electrodes ze-delta-pattern.

Yeyiphi imigangatho esebenzayo ekugayweni kweekhemikhali kwizityalo ze-PV?

IEEE 837kwizihlanganisi,IEEE 80 / IEEE 665yoyilo lwesitayile sesitishi esingaphantsi,I-IEC 62561-7zeekhompawundi zomhlaba, kunyeInqaku 690 le-NFPA 70 (NEC)ukuxhasa inkqubo ye-PV.I-NEMA GR-1igquma intonga ngokwayo.

I-electrode yekhemikhali ihlala ixesha elingakanani isebenza?

I-electrode echazwe ngokuchanekileyo inika ithuba lokumelana elizinzileyo ubomi obupheleleyo boyilo lweminyaka engama-25 ukuya kwengama-30. I-copper cladding ilawula ukubola kwe-galvanic; i-backfill ihlala isebenza kuba i-hygroscopic. Ii-electrode ezingama-4,200 zesityalo saseSaudi azikaphinde zinkcenkceshelwe ukusukela oko zafakwa.

Ngaba ii-electrode zamakhemikhali ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ze-NEC 690?

Ewe.Inqaku 690 le-NFPA 70 (NEC)igubungela isiseko senkqubo ye-PV; i-electrode yekhemikhali enesiseko esigqunywe yikopolo kunyeIEEE 837izixhobo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno.

I-backfill chemistry yahluke njani kwi-bentonite yodwa?

I-bentonite ecocekileyo i-hygroscopic kodwa inciphisa umxholo we-ionic ngamaxesha onyaka awomileyo. I-backfill engenasondlo yongeza iphakheji yetyuwa ye-electrolyte (ngesiqhelo i-magnesium sulfate) kunye nesongezo sokugcina umswakama.

Ii-electrode zeekhemikhali kufuneka zibekwe phi kwi-PV array?

Kwisityalo saseSaudi: 1,316 kwii-inverter pads, 168 kwii-MV pads, 1,890 kwiibhokisi zokudibanisa, 2 kuzo zombini iziphelo zesiqu se-DC esingu-1.4 km, 24 kwiiphelo ze-ESE lightning — 4,200 iyonke. Ijiyometri yahlukile ngokwendawo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-electrode yamakhemikhali kunye ne-electrolytic ion ground rod?

Isetyenziswa ngokutshintshana kwiindawo ezininzi zedatha.umgca wethu, i-electrode yamakhemikhali isebenzisa ityhubhu yobhedu;intonga yomhlaba ye-ion ye-electrolyticisebenzisa umbindi ogqunywe ngobhedu.

11. Ukuvala — Oko Sicele i-Saudi EPC ukuba Isithumelele Kona Ngosuku Lokuqala

Ukuba ungunjineli weprojekthi ye-EPC oneexwebhu zokuthenga ezivulekileyo, ubuncinci obusivumela ukuba sicaphule ngaphandle kwe-loop yengcaciso yeeveki ezintandathu zizinto ezifanayo ezithandathu ezathunyelwa liqela laseMadrid ngo-Agasti 2020: umzobo womgca omnye onendawo ze-electrode, uphando lweWenner oluneziteyara kubunzulu obucwangcisiweyo, iithagethi zokumelana ne-per-pad kunye ne-per-grid, umgangatho wesixhumi (ngesiqheloIEEE 837), umgangatho we-backfill compound (I-IEC 62561-7), kunye nemida ye-ESIA.

Kwiprojekthi ephilayo, eyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yiiphepha lemveliso ye-electrode yokumisa ikhemikhali, iintonga yomhlaba ye-ion ye-electrolytickwayeimodyuli yomhlabaamaphepha, okanyeEzi-5 eziphezuluibhlog.Nxibelelana nedesika yethu yokuthumela ngaphandleukuze kubekho incoko ethe ngqo.

Malunga nombhali — uJane Yang
Umphathi weNtengiso, uKhuseleko lweMhlaba kunye noLwelo Urhwebo lwangaphandle kwiXinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd. (ShiBang) — iminyaka eli-12 yamava okuthumela ngaphandle exhasa abathengi be-EPC baphesheya kunye nabasasazi kwiiprojekthi zokukhusela umbane kunye nokumisa umhlaba. IShiBang yenze iimveliso zenkqubo yokukhupha umhlaba kunye nombane kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwe-17 kwiziko layo eXinchang County, eZhejiang, eTshayina, kunye nenkonzo epheleleyo yokuthumela ngaphandle egubungela ukuhlolwa komgangatho, amalungiselelo ezinto ezithunyelwayo, kunye namaxwebhu okuthumela ngaphandle. Idatha yentsimi kweli nqaku ivela kwiprojekthi ye-150 MW ye-Saudi PV uJane ayilawulayo phakathi kowama-2020 nowama-2025. Qhagamshelana nathiI-LinkedIn, I-FacebookokanyeX.
Ixesha leposi: Sep-28-2026