TL;DR

Sizibonele ngokwam okwenzekayo xa ukugqunywa kocingo lombane kungachazwanga kakuhle. Kwiminyaka yethu eli-17 yokwenza izibonda zomhlaba kunye neentonga zomhlaba, ukusilela okunokuthintelwa kubangelwa kukukhethwa kakubi kwezinto ezigqunyweyo kwinqanaba lokuthengwa.

Kutheni i-Earthing efanelekileyo imisela ukusebenza kwe-fence

Xa isilwanyana sichukumisa ucingo oluphilayo, isekethe igqibezela emzimbeni wesilwanyana, emhlabeni, ize ibuyele kwintonga yomhlaba yocingo lombane eqhagamshelwe kwisixhobo sombane esisichazileyo. Ukuba loo ntonga yomhlaba ayinakukwazi ukukhupha umbane ngokufanelekileyo emhlabeni ojikelezileyo, i-voltage yethu elucingweni iyehla, kwaye isilwanyana sifumana ukutshayiswa okubuthathaka. Umzi-mveliso wethu uvavanye amakhulu eendlela zokumisa umhlaba kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba, kwaye le patheni iphindaphinda ngalo lonke ixesha: isibonda somhlaba esichazwe kakubi sesona sizathu sikhulu sokungaqhubi kakuhle kocingo.

Kwiziko lethu lokuvelisa eXinchang, sivelisaizikhonkwane zomhlaba zobhedu olucocekileyoububanzi ukusuka kwi-12 mm ukuya kwi-20 mm kunye nobude ukusuka kwi-1.2 m ukuya kwi-3 m. Kwiminyaka eli-17 yemveliso, sithumele ii-electrode zokumisa umhlaba kubasasazi bezolimo kumazwe angaphezu kwama-40, kwaye ingxelo esiyiqokelelayo igxininisa into enye efunyenweyo: abasasazi abachaza izibonda zomhlaba zobhedu ngokusekelwe kulwazi lomhlaba olubhaliweyo bafumana imbuyekezo encinci yemveliso kunye nokuthembeka okuqinileyo kubathengi bokugqibela kunabo bakhetha ixabiso kuphela.

Ngokutsho kweIdathabheyisi yemveliso yezolimo ye-FAO, inani lemfuyo kwihlabathi liphela liyaqhubeka nokwanda, nto leyo eqhuba imfuno yeziseko zokhuseleko zocingo ezithembekileyo. Ngokwamava ethu emveliso, abasasazi abaqonda isiseko sobuchwephesha sokubumba umhlaba bazibeka njengababoneleli abacebisayo kunokuba babe ngabathengisi bempahla, kwaye loo mahluko uguqulela ngqo ekugcinweni kwabathengi.

Uluhlu lweemveliso zethu luquka ubhedu olucocekileyo, ubhedu olugqunywe ngentsimbi, kunye nezibonda zomhlaba ezigqunywe ngentsimbi eqinisiweyo kuba imeko yomhlaba nganye kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lufuna isisombululo esahlukileyo. Sinceda abasasazi ukuba bafanise izinto ezifanelekileyo kwimarike yabo.

I-Copper ecocekileyo vs i-Copper-Clad vs i-Galvanized Rods: Uthelekiso lwezinto ezibonakalayo

Senza zonke iintlobo ezintathu zeentonga, ngoko ke imbono yethu ngokukhethwa kwezinto ivela kumava emveliso ngqo kunokuba ibe kukuqikelela kwikhathalogu. Izinto nganye inendawo kwimarike, kwaye umsasazi ophethe zonke iindlela ezintathu unokusebenzela abathengi abaninzi. Sivelisa Le theyibhile ingezantsi ishwankathela iipropati ezibalulekileyo kwizicelo zocingo lombane.

Idatha yethu yemveliso ibonisa ukubaiintonga zomhlaba ezifakwe ubheduIthatha indawo ephakathi abanye abathengi abangayiqondiyo. Ukubeka iplati kwahlukile ekubekeni iplati: umaleko wethu wobhedu uncinci (ngokuvamile ungaphantsi kwe-0.1 mm) kwaye awukhuseli kakhulu. Sisoloko sicacisa lo mahluko namaqabane okusasaza kuba ukulebhelisha intonga ebekwe iplatiweyo njengebekwe iplati kukhokelela kwizikhalazo xa imveliso yethu ingaphumeleli kumhlaba one-asidi. Ukuba abathengi bakho balima kwiindawo ezine-pH yomhlaba ongathathi cala kwaye ufuna ukhetho olukhuphisanayo ngexabiso, sibakhomba kwindlela yethuiintonga zomhlaba ezifakwe i-galvanized or iintonga zokugquma ezishushu ezifakwe nge-galvanized, ezibonelela ngentsebenzo eqinileyo ngexabiso eliphantsi.

Kwiindawo ezineemfuno eziphezulu,udidi lwentonga yomhlaba yobhedu olucocekileyoKwikhathalogu yethu sigubungela uluhlu olupheleleyo lweedayamitha kunye nobude. Sikwavelisaiintonga zomhlaba ezigqunywe ngobhedukubasasazi abathengi babo bafuna ibhalansi yeendleko kunye nokuqhuba. Iqela lethu lobunjineli livavanya imveliso nganye ngokuchasene nemigaqo efanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba likhuphe isitokhwe, kwaye sigcina iirekhodi zomgangatho ezineenkcukacha ezibuyela umva kwiziqinisekiso zezinto eziluhlaza.

Senza izikhonkwane zomhlaba zobhedu olucocekileyo ezinobubanzi obuqala kwi-10 mm ukuya kwi-20 mm kunye nobude obuqala kwi-1 meter ukuya kwi-3 metres. Ubukhulu obungezantsi bubonisa oko amaqabane ethu abasasazi bezolimo ahlala ekubeka kwiifowuni zombane.

Ukucacisa Ubude beNtonga, Ububanzi, kunye neCandelo eliQhelekileyo

Iiparameter ezimbini ezibonakalayo ziqhuba ukumelana nomhlaba: indawo yokudibana kwentonga nomhlaba kunye nokumelana nomhlaba ngobuninzi. Ukwandisa ubude okanye ububanzi bomhlaba we-copper kunciphisa ukumelana, kodwa ubude bubonelela ngembuyekezo enkulu ngeyunithi yexabiso lezinto. Yiyo loo nto iinkcukacha zethu zikhetha iintonga eziphakathi kwe-1.5 m kunye ne-2.4 m endaweni yoyilo olufutshane lwamafutha.

Umzi-mveliso wethu uvelisa ezi sayizi zilandelayo, kwaye sisebenzisa ubude obulungiselelwe wena xa uceliwe:

• 12 mm x 1.2 m – Iifama zokuhlala kunye neendawo zokuzonwabisa ezincinci
• 14 mm x 1.5 m – Imisebenzi yemfuyo ephakathi (i-SKU yethu esiyithandayo)
• 14 mm x 2.0 m – Ucingo oluqhelekileyo lorhwebo kumhlaba omanzi
• 16 mm x 2.4 m – Iipropati ezinkulu zezilwanyana kunye neendawo ezingomiyo kangako
• 20 mm x 3.0 m – Iziniki-mandla ezinamandla eziphuma kakhulu kwiindawo zokufakela iifama

Xa ucacisaintonga yokumisa ucingo lombaneUkuze sisasaze, sicebisa amaqabane ethu ukuba agcine ubuncinane ubude obubini: intonga eyi-1.5 m yemfuyo iyonke kunye nentonga eyi-2.4 m yabathengi abakwiindawo ezingenamvula ingako. Ukuzidibanisa neziizihlanganisi zentonga yomhlaba yobheduivumela abafaki ukuba badibanise amacandelo amabini ukuze bafumane ubunzulu obungakumbi ngaphandle koku-odola iinduku ezinde ezikhethekileyo ezinyusa iindleko zokuthumela.

Iqela lethu lobunjineli livavanya idatha yokumelana nomhlaba kuyo yonke iprojekthi entsha esingena kuyo. Isikhokelo esingezantsi sivela kumava ethu entsimi kumazwekazi amahlanu.

Iimeko Zomhlaba kunye noYilo lweNkqubo yokuGcina umhlaba

Ukumelana nomhlaba kuyahluka ngobukhulu kuxhomekeke kumxholo wokufuma, ukwakheka kweeminerali, kunye nobushushu. Sisebenze nabasasazi abakhonza iifama ezikunxweme lwaseNew South Wales (eOstreliya) apho ityuwa etyebileyo ifikelela kwi-20 ohm-meters, kunye namaqabane abonelela ngeefama ezikumbindi weTexas apho umhlaba onesihlabathi owomileyo udlula i-500 ohm-meters. Intonga efanayo yocingo lombane esebenza ngokungenasiphako kwindawo yokuqala iya kusilela kwindawo yesibini ngaphandle kokuba umyili wenkqubo uchaza ukumelana.

Iqela lethu liyila iingcebiso zokubumba umhlaba kwiindidi ezintathu zomhlaba:

Ukumelana okuphantsi (ngaphantsi kwe-100 ohm-m): Umhlaba otyebileyo ngodongwe okanye omanzi. Ngokweemava ethu emveliso, iintonga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu zobhedu olucocekileyo ezinobude obuyi-1.5 m, ezibekwe kwindawo enye nge-3 m, zifikelela kuxhathiso olujoliswe kulo olungaphantsi kwe-10 ohms kwizixhobo zokunika amandla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6 joules.

Ukumelana okuphakathi (100-300 ohm-m): I-Loam enokoma okwexesha elithile. Ngokweemava ethu emveliso, iintonga ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu kubude obuyi-2.0 m, zidibene nokulungiswa komhlaba (i-bentonite backfill) ukuba kuyimfuneko. Umzi-mveliso wethu unokubonelela nge-grounding compound exutyiweyo kwi-pallet ecaleni kweentonga ukuze kube lula ukuhambisa izinto kubathengi bakho.

Ukumelana okuphezulu (ngaphezulu kwe-300 ohm-m): Umhlaba onesanti, onamatye, okanye owomileyo. Iintonga ezintandathu nangaphezulu kwi-2.4 m okanye ngaphezulu, okanye ukutshintshela kwii-electrode zokumisa iikhemikhali. Sivelisa ii-electrode zokumisa iikhemikhali kwezi meko kwaye sinokuxoxa ngoqwalaselo olwenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokusebenzisaiqela lenkxaso yobunjineli.

Sifaka isikhokelo sokufakela kuyo yonke into ethunyelwayo kuba indlela efanelekileyo yokuqhuba ichaphazela ngqo ubomi benkonzo yokubeka esichengeni. Le misebenzi ingezantsi yile ilandelwa ziingcali zethu zasentsimini.

Iinkcukacha Ezicetyiswayo Zokufakelwa Kweendawo Zolimo

Sityelela iindawo zefama kunye namaqabane ethu okuhambisa ubuncinci kabini ngonyaka, kwaye iimpazamo zokufakelwa zihlala zingumthombo wesibini ngobukhulu wezikhalazo zokumisa umhlaba (emva kokungacaciswanga kakuhle). Olu luhlu lulandelayo lubonisa oko kufundiswa liqela lethu lobunjineli basemaphandleni ngexesha lotyelelo.

Qhuba ngokuthe nkqo, ungakhweli engile. Intonga egobile kwiidigri ezingama-30 ukuya phezulu inobunzulu obuphantsi nge-15% kwaye iqokelela umswakama womphezulu endaweni yokufikelela kumaleko ongaphantsi komhlaba ozinzileyo. Sebenzisa isigqubuthelo sokuqhuba ukukhusela umsonto ophezulu wentonga ngexesha lokufakwa.

Beka iintonga ezininzi ubuncinane kabini ubude bazo. Kwiintonga ezingama-2.0 m, gcina umsantsa ongaphantsi kwe-4 m. Ukuxinana kweentonga kudala iindawo zokumelana ezidibanayo kwaye kuchithe izinto ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukumelana kwenkqubo ngokulinganayo.

Faka kufutshane nomthombo wamanzi ukuba kunokwenzeka. Iintonga ezibekwe ngaphakathi kwe-5 m ukusuka kumkhombe, idama, okanye indawo yokunkcenkceshela ziyazuza kumswakama ophezulu womhlaba unyaka wonke. Esi sigqibo sokubekwa kube kanye sinokunciphisa inani leentonga ezifunekayo ngesiqingatha.

Ukugcwalisa nge-conductive compound kwiindawo ezomileyo. Ukusonga intonga nge-bentonite okanye i-conductive backfill eyodwa kwandisa ububanzi obusebenzayo kwaye kugcina unxibelelwano lomswakama ngexesha lokoma. Sinikezela ngezinto zokugcwalisa emva kwiingxowa ezingama-25 kg ezithunyelwa kwi-pallet efanayo neentonga.

Ukudibanisa ii-Ground Stakes kwi-Energizer

Unxibelelwano phakathi kwesibonda somhlaba kunye nesiphelo somhlaba se-energizer lune-fault current, ngoko ke kufuneka iphathe yonke imveliso ye-energizer ngaphandle kokufudumeza okanye ukubola. Iqela lethu lobunjineli licebisa i-6 mm²(10 AWG) umqhubi wobhedu ogqunyiweyo kwiingcingo ezisebenza ngee-energizers ezifikelela kwi-10 joules. Kwiiyunithi ezikhupha imveliso ephezulu, nyuka uye kwi-10 mm²(7 AWG) umqhubi.

Sivelisaiikliphu zomnqamlezo wobheduezibopha umqhubi wethu kwintonga ngaphandle kokuyidibanisa. I-Brass iyamelana nokugqwala kwe-galvanic xa idibene ne-copper, indibaniselwano iqela lethu lomgangatho eliyivavanye kakhulu kwiindawo zokutshiza ityuwa. Ukusebenzisa izikliphu zentsimbi kwintonga ye-copper kukhawulezisa ukugqwala kwindawo edibeneyo, ingxaki esidibana nayo rhoqo xa sihlola ukufakelwa okungaphumeleli.

Ukuze umqhubi ahambe ukusuka kwindawo yokubeka i-energizer ukuya kwi-energizer, gquma intambo ubuncinane ngama-200 mm ngaphantsi komgangatho ukuze ayikhusele kwiimpuphu zezilwanyana kunye nezixhobo zasefama. Apho intambo ingena kwisakhiwo, faka i-surge arrestor kwindawo yokungena. Olu maleko wokhuseleko luthintela ii-voltage transients ukuba zingamonakalisi i-energizer yangaphakathi ye-energizer, kwaye amaqabane ethu okuhambisa ahlanganisa ii-arresters ngee-grounding kits zawo axela ukuba iwaranti ye-energizer incinci kakhulu.

Iishedyuli zoLondolozo kunye noHlolo lweeNgxowa zeCopper Ground

Isibonda sobhedu asihlali singena silibale. Nangona ubhedu lumelana nokugqwala ngcono kakhulu kunentsimbi, iindawo zethu zokunxibelelana, ubushushu bomqhubi, kunye neemeko zomhlaba ezingqongileyo zonke ziyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Sicebisa ukuba abasasazi bafundise abathengi babo ngenkqubo elula yokuhlola yonyaka.

Inyathelo 1: Linganisa ukumelana nomhlaba. Nqamla ucingo lomhlaba kwi-energizer kwaye usebenzise isixhobo sokuvavanya ukumelana nomhlaba. Uvavanyo lweethagethi zocingo lwezolimo lungaphantsi kwe-10 ohms. Ukuba ukumelana kunyuke ngaphezu kwe-25 ohms ukususela ekufakweni, yongeza iintonga okanye uphucule i-backfill yethu.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Hlola uqhagamshelo ngokubonakalayo. Khangela i-oxidation eluhlaza kwi-copper conductor (eqhelekileyo) xa kuthelekiswa nomgubo omhlophe kwi-aluminium okanye kwi-steel fittings (iflegi ebomvu). Tshintsha nayiphi na i-hardware yentsimbi nge-bronze okanye i-stainless components.izihlanganisi zentonga yomhlaba yobhedukwaye iikliphu zenza kube lula le nkqubo kuba zenzelwe ukunxibelelana ngqo phakathi kobhedu nobhedu.

Inyathelo lesi-3: Jonga ukuvezwa kweentonga. Ukukhukuliseka komhlaba okanye umsebenzi wesilwanyana kunokuveza indawo ephezulu yentonga. Ukuba ngaphezu kwe-150 mm yentonga ingaphezulu komgangatho, gcwalisa ngomhlaba oxineneyo okanye i-conductive compound ukuze kugcinwe inqanaba lokufuma esilivavanyayo kwindawo yokudibana.

Inyathelo lesi-4: Bhala phantsi iziphumo. Umzi-mveliso wethu ubonelela ngerekhodi yolondolozo eprintiweyo kunye nokuthunyelwa ngakunye equka amasimi okufunda ukumelana, imeko yoqhagamshelo, kunye nokuvezwa kweentonga. Abasasazi abadlulisela olu xwebhu kubathengi babo bokugqibela baqinisa umbono wobungcali kwaye banciphise inani leefowuni zenkxaso.

Ukuthobela iMigangatho yeHlabathi yokuGxina

Ucingo lombane lwezolimo lusebenza kwindawo elawulwayo eyahluka ngokwamazwe, kwaye amaqabane ethu okusasaza kufuneka aqonde ukuba yeyiphi imigangatho esebenzayo kwiimveliso abazithengisayo. Ezi nkqubo zilandelayo zibonelela ngezalathiso eziphambili zokuthobela imithetho yee-electrode ezisisiseko kwiinkqubo zocingo lombane.

UL 467ilawula izixhobo zokumisa umhlaba kunye nokubopha eMntla Melika. Umzi-mveliso wethu unesatifikethi se-UL esisebenzayo soluhlu lwethu lweentonga zethu zobhedu, kwaye yonke impahla ethunyelwayo ibandakanya isibhengezo sokuthobela i-UL. Abasasazi abangenisa eMelika okanye eKhanada kufuneka bagxininise kumaxwebhu e-UL 467 avela kubaboneleli babo baseTshayina kuba amagunya eerhafu kunye neearhente zokuhlola ziqinisekisa olu xwebhu kwindawo yokungena.

Imigaqo yokhuseleko lombane ye-OSHAzifuna ukuba iinkqubo zokumisa umhlaba kwiindawo zorhwebo nezoshishino zihlangabezane nemida ethile yokuxhathisa. Ngelixa i-OSHA igxile kukhuseleko lwendawo yokusebenza endaweni yokubiyela umbane ngokwawo, iipropati eziqesha abasebenzi abakufutshane neengcingo zombane ziyazuza ngokubonisa ukuthobela iimfuno ze-OSHA 1910 Subpart S.

IUmgangatho we-IEC 60335-2-76igubungela izixhobo zombane zokufaka amandla kunye neenkqubo zazo zokumisa umhlaba ezihambelana nazo kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe. EYurophu,iimfuno zenkqubo yokumba umhlabaOku kubhekiselwe kwi-IEC 62305 malunga nokukhuselwa kombane kuyasebenza nalapho abaqhubi bocingo babelana ngeziseko zophuhliso lomhlaba ngeentonga zombane. Sicebisa bonke amaqabane okusasaza ukuba bacele iingxelo zovavanyo kwiilabhoratri ezivunyiweyo ezibhekisa kwimigqaliselo ethile esemgangathweni efanelekileyo kwimarike abajolise kuyo.

Inkqubo yethu yolawulo lomgangatho we-ISO 9001 ilawula onke amanqanaba emveliso, ukusuka kwisitokhwe sentonga yobhedu engenayo ukuya ekutsaleni, ekuchweni, ekusikeni intambo, ekupakisheni, nasekuthumeleni. Sigcina iirekhodi zokulandelela ezidibanisa intonga nganye egqityiweyo nenani layo lobushushu bezinto eziluhlaza, inqanaba lamaxwebhu anelise nabaphicothi-zincwadi abangqongqo bokuthenga. Ukuze ufumane ingxoxo eneenkcukacha ngakumbi malunga nobuchule bethu bomzi-mveliso kunye nepotifoliyo yesatifikethi, ndwendwela yethuiphepha loqhagamshelwanoukucela iprofayili yenkampani yethu kunye neengxelo zovavanyo lwemveliso.