Kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokufaka isiseko, umqhubi wentsimbi ye-copper clad steel (CCS) engama-40% yeyona ifanelekileyo, kwaye ubhedu oluqinileyo lukhetho olufanelekileyo kuphela apho amandla e-fault-current okanye i-soil chemistry ifuna ngokwenene. Ndithi emva kweminyaka elishumi elinesibini yokuthumela zombini ezi zinto zivela kwifektri yethu yaseXinchang: ucingo lwe-IACS CCS lwama-40% lubonelela malunga ne-40% ye-conductivity yobhedu olufakwe kwi-annealed ngamandla okutsalwa kabini ukuya kane, umaleko wobhedu oyi-0.25 mm orekhoda imveliso yethu ubomi benkonzo obungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50, kunye nexabiso le-scrap eliphantsi ngokwaneleyo kangangokuba amasela amaninzi awawunaki. Ubhedu oluqinileyo lwe-99.97% lusaphumelela kwi-conductivity eluhlaza - i-90% ukuya kwi-99.9% ye-IACS xa kuthelekiswa noluhlu lwethu lwe-CCS lwe-15% ukuya kwi-40% ye-IACS - ngoko ke xa ubalo lwakho lwe-fault-current ye-IEEE 80 lungashiyi mda, ubhedu luyimpendulo enyanisekileyo. Eli nqaku lilandelayo lihamba ngemilinganiselo emihlanu endiyijongayo kuyo yonke imanejala yokuthenga umbane endibuza umbuzo we-CCS-okanye-wethusi, kunye namanani achanekileyo avela kwiingxelo zethu zovavanyo lwe-mill endaweni yezimangalo zeencwadana.

I-40% IACS Benchmark: Kutheni Ihlala Ibonakala Kwiinkcukacha Zezixhobo?

IACS imele i-International Annealed Copper Standard, isivumelwano sika-1913 esamisela ukuhanjiswa kombane kwi-copper ethengiswayo njenge-100% saza sayinika ukumelana kwe-0.017241 Ω·mm²/m kwi-20°C. Lonke inani lokuqhuba kombane kweli nqaku — kunye nalo lonke inani kwizatifikethi zethu zomatshini wokugaya — liyipesenti yaloo mlinganiselo. Xa inkcazo ifuna “i-40% ye-IACS wire,” icela umqhubi okumelana kwakhe ne-0.017241 owahlulwe yi-0.40, osebenza malunga ne-0.0431 Ω·mm²/m. Ndifumanisa ukuba xa abathengi bebona elo candelo linye, yonke ingxoxo ye-CCS-versus-copper iba yi-arithmetic endaweni yokuthengisa.

Kutheni i-40% ingabi yi-30% okanye i-21%? Kumava ethu okuthumela ngaphandle, i-40% grade yaba yi-utility default ngesizathu esisebenzayo: yiklasi ephezulu yokuqhuba efikelela kwintsimbi egqunywe yi-copper clad kwiiklasi ezisemgangathweni ezigutyungelwe yi-hard hard.I-ASTM B227(iBanga lama-40 HS kunye neBanga lama-40 EHS) kunye nolwakhiwo oluqhekekileyo lweI-ASTM B228. Tyhala ngaphezulu kwama-40% uze ucele isigqubuthelo sobhedu esityebileyo kunokuba usapho lwemveliso eyolukiweyo luyilwe, apho umsantsa wexabiso xa uthelekiswa nobhedu oluqinileyo uncipha ngokukhawuleza.Ngenxa yokuba ubukhulu be-cladding buqhuba iindleko zezinto zokwakha, umqhubi we-CCS ongaphezulu kwe-40% ye-IACS uyeka ukuba yindlela engabizi kakhulu kunobhedu oluqinileyo.Ndixelela amaqela okuthenga ukuba aphathe i-40% ye-IACS njengomgangatho ophezulu kuluhlu lwe-CCS olunoqoqosho, kwaye aphathe nantoni na engaphezulu kwayo njengophawu lokubeka ixabiso lekopolo eqinileyo endaweni yoko.

Ucingo lwentsimbi olugqunywe ngekopolo kumgangatho wethu wemveliso weXinchang, lupakishwe kwiroli yeeprojekthi zokumisa umbane eziluncedo — iiklasi zokuqhuba umbane ukusuka kwi-15% ukuya kwi-40% ye-IACS kumgca ofanayo.

Ukuqhuba kwentsimbi yeCopper Clad kwiGrids zoMgangatho wokwenyani: Uncama malini ngokwenene?

Kwiphepha umsantsa wokuqhuba ubonakala unzima: uvavanyo lwethu lwentambo yobhedu olucocekileyo kwi-90%–99.9% IACS kunye nokumelana okungaphantsi kwe-0.017241 Ω·mm²/m, ngelixa uluhlu lwethu lweCCS luqhuba i-15%–40% IACS. Nangona kunjalo, kwigridi yokumisa umhlaba, inani elibalulekileyo asikokuqhuba umbane ngokwahlukileyo - kukuba ingaba umqhubi uyasinda na kwimpazamo ekhoyo kwisifundo sakho. IEEE 80, eyona nkonzo isetyenziswa kakhulu kuyilo lwegridi yesitishi esingaphantsi (IEEE Std 80), yenza ubungakanani beekhontraktha ngokudibanisa umbane kunye nobude bawo, kungekhona ngokuxhathisa kuphela. Xa siqhuba impazamo efanayo ye-40 kA, imizuzwana eyi-0.5 kwiifomyula ezisemgangathweni zokuxuba, umqhubi we-40% IACS CCS udinga malunga ne-2.5 yecandelo elinqamlezileyo lethusi ukuze afikelele kumda ofanayo wobushushu - leyo yinto yokuguqula ethembekileyo, kwaye ndiyibhala phantsi kuyo yonke ikowuteshini esiyikhuphayo.

Loo 2.5× factor ivakala ngathi iyakuphazamisa de ufikelele kwixabiso elipheleleyo lendibano. I-CCS kwi-diameter enkulu isasebenzisa i-copper encinci kakhulu ngobunzima,Ngenxa yokuba umbindi wentsimbi uthwala umthwalo woomatshini, kufuneka umaleko wobhedu oyi-0.25 mm kuphela ukuze kwenziwe umbane.— kwaye kwi-60 Hz fault frequency, i-current idibana phezulu, apho kanye ikhoyo i-copper. Iqela lethu lobunjineli liye lahamba nabathengi abaninzi kule ngxoxo ye-skin-effect ngemizobo yokwenyani ye-cross-section; bakuba bebona ukuba indlela yangoku kunye ne-copper zihlala kwiringi efanayo yangaphandle, inkcaso yokuqhuba i-conductivity idla ngokuthamba.

Apho ndingayicebisi khona i-CCS, imeko ihluke kakhulu: izitishi ezincinci zasezidolophini apho ububanzi bomsele kunye nobunzulu bokuqhuba iintonga bulungisiwe kwaye uphando lwempazamo alushiyi ndawo yokunyusa ubungakanani bomqhubi. Kwezo projekthi sicaphula ucingo lwethu lobhedu olucocekileyo oluyi-99.97% ngaphandle kokuxolisa,kubaAkukho nzuzo yoomatshini ehlawula icandelo elinqamlezileyo ongenakukwazi ukulifaka ngokwasemzimbeni. Umthengisi otyhala i-CCS kuloo meko uthengisa ngokuchasene nophando lwakho lwempazamo, kwaye ndingathanda ukulahlekelwa yi-odolo kunokuba igridi ingasebenzi kakuhle kunyaka wesithathu.

I-CCS exineneyo phantsi kokwandiswa: i-monofilament nganye (1.4–3.2 mm) yintsimbi ebotshelelwe kumgangatho wesinyithi kumaleko wobhedu oyi-0.25 mm — ulwakhiwo olusemva komgangatho we-IACS oyi-40%.

I-CCS okanye i-Solid Copper: Iimilinganiselo ezintlanu ezigqiba ukuba yeyiphi i-Conductor ephumelela kwiinkcukacha zakho

Xa umthengi weenkonzo zombane endithumelela i-RFQ ethi “CCS okanye i-copper — nceda undicebise,” andiphenduli ngedatha. Ndiphendula ngothelekiso lwemigca emihlanu ngezantsi,kubaKwiminyaka elishumi elinesibini yee-odolo zokuthumela ngaphandle, isigqibo besisoloko sifikelela kwenye yezi nkalo zintlanu: ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, amandla oomatshini, ubomi bokugqwala, ukuvezwa kobusela, kunye nokugubungela imigangatho. Yonke enye into yingxolo. Amanani avela kwiirekhodi zethu zemveliso kunye neengxelo zovavanyo lwemizi-mveliso, kungekhona kwi-avareji yoshishino.

Imigca emibini yelo tafile ifanelwe kukujonga okwesibini,kubaNgabo abathengi abadla ngokufumana umva. Okokuqala, amandla okutsalwa ayinto entle ukuba nayo: kwi-drill ende ethe tye okanye kwi-overhead ground-wire span, i-conductor ethambileyo yobhedu inokolulwa ize ithontsize phantsi ngexesha lokufakelwa, kwaye icandelo elinomqolo libe yindawo eshushu kwigridi yakho. Umtya wethu we-CCS kwi-560–1040 MPa uyawagxotha amaqhosha anokujika ubhedu olufakwe ngokusisigxina, yiyo loo nto abasebenzi bomgca abafake omabini badla ngokuchaza i-CCS okwesibini. Okwesibini, umqolo wokubola: umbuzo endiwuva kakhulu kukuba ingaba umaleko wobhedu oyi-0.25 mm uyasinda na phantsi komhlaba, kwaye impendulo yethu yirekhodi yobomi benkonzo yesiseko esifakiweyo - i-bonded cladding ayiplati, kwaye ayiqhekeki okanye ayiqhoboshi ngendlela i-electroplated coating encinci enokuyenza ngayo.

Ukujonga Inyani Yoomatshini: Ngaba Ubhedu Oluqinileyo Lungasinda Xa Lutsalwa?

Nantsi imo yokusilela engaveli kwiitshathi zokuqhuba umbane. Kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo, umakhi waqhagamshelana nathi emva kokuba ucingo oluphantsi lobhedu oluvela komnye umthombo lonakele kakubi ngexesha lokufakelwa ixesha elide; abasebenzi bafumanise umonakalo kuphela xa ukufundwa kokumelana kwegridi kwabuya kungahambelani ngexesha lokuqhuba. Isisombululo yayikukumba nokutshintsha iindawo ezipheleleyo. Ndabelana ngaloo bali nomthengi ngamnye ophatha amandla okutyhafa njengesixhobo sesibini,kubaumqhubi wenqwelo moya obiza kancinci ngemitha uba yeyona ibiza kakhulu ngekhilomitha nganye efakiweyo xa abasebenzi kufuneka bayitsale kabini.

Nge-CCS ifiziksi isebenza ngenye indlela. Isiseko sentsimbi sithwala umthwalo wokufakelwa — uvavanyo lwethu lwentambo luphakathi kwe-560 kunye ne-1040 MPa kuxhomekeke kudidi — kwaye i-copper cladding iyahambelana nje nohambo. Sicebisa ukwakhiwa kwe-7-strands kumsebenzi wegridi obekwe ngesandla kunye ne-19- okanye i-37-strands apho ukubaleka kubandakanya ukugoba, ii-rollers, okanye ukutsala amehlo,kubaii-monofilaments ezincinci zigobeka zijikeleze i-radius encinci ngaphandle kokuqinisa umaleko wobhedu. Kungoko ke uluhlu lwethu lwe-CCS olune-stranded lufikelela kwi-4.2 mm ukuya kwi-22.5 mm ububanzi iyonke: uhlobo olufanayo lwe-40% ye-IACS lungasebenza kwi-distribution-pole butt wrap okanye kwi-transmission substation main grid ngokutshintsha nje inani le-strand.

Iphepha leenkcukacha zeziphumo kunye nomzobo iqela lethu le-QC lijongene nemiyalelo ye-CCS — ububanzi, uqwalaselo lwentambo kunye namaxabiso okutsalwa aqinisekisiweyo ngokweloti nganye yemveliso.

I-Theft, Scrap, kunye ne-Security Equation: Ngaba ixabiso leCopper's Resale liyasebenza kuwe?

Abathengi beenkonzo zombane abafane babeke ubusela kwitheyibhile yokuthelekisa umqhubi, kodwa amasebe abo okugcina izinto aphila nayo. Ukufakwa kwesinyithi esiqinileyo sethusi yinto exabisekileyo kwiimarike ezininzi esizithumela kuzo, kwaye umhlaba wocingo oluncinci okanye umbane obiweyo ochasene nesitokhwe asikokulahleka kwezinto nje kuphela - kukubonakaliswa kokhuseleko de igridi ibuyiselwe. Ndikhe ndafumana abathengi bokusasaza besixelela ukuba uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwabo lonyaka lokutshintshwa kobhedu ludlule kwiindleko zokuqala zezinto zegridi, nto leyo engaqhelekanga ukuba kufuneka uyichwetheze, kwaye sesona sizathu siphambili sokuba uninzi lwabo lufudusele izixhobo ezivulekileyo nezifikelelekayo kwiCCS.

I-CCS ihlasela le ngxaki kwinqanaba lenkuthazo endaweni ye-padlock: umsonto we-bimetallic one-core yentsimbi awunaxabiso lokuhlukana phantse kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma, ngoko ke ayibiwa ngesantya se-solid copper.Kubauqoqosho lokuwa kobusela, uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lokhuseleko nalo lunokuba njalo. Kwizikhululo ezingaphantsi komhlaba ezingaphakathi kweeyadi ezibiyelweyo nezijongiweyo le ngxoxo ayibalulekanga kangako, kwaye sitsho njalo - kodwa malunga nokumelana neendlela zokuhambisa umbane, amabala eepali kwiindawo zokutyela zasemaphandleni, kunye nokufakwa komhlaba ngololiwe ohamba iikhilomitha ezininzi kwilizwe elivulekileyo, ndicinga ukuba ubukhulu bobusela bubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye uninzi lweenjineli zeenkonzo eziluncedo eziye zaphila ngexesha lokususwa kobhedu.

Ngowuphi umqhubi ekufuneka i-Utility yakho iwucacise? Isakhelo sesigqibo esivavanyiweyo kwintsimi

Xa ndihleli neqela lokuthenga, asixoxi ngezinto ezikwisishwankathelo — sihamba ulandelelwano olufutshane lwezigqibo, kwaye ndiza kukunika kanye njengoko siqhuba:

1. Qalisa uphando lwe-fault-current kuqala.Ukuba ubalo lwakho lwe-IEEE 80 lulungisa ububanzi bomqhubi ophezulu, kwaye ubhedu kuphela kwento efanela imfuneko yokuxuba umbane ngaphakathi kolo bubanzi, chaza ubhedu uze ume apho.
2. Jonga indlela yokufaka.Ukufakwa kwegridi ende, ukubhola ngendlela eqondisayo, kunye nobubanzi be-overhead kuvumela i-CCS kumandla okutsalwa kwe-560–1040 MPa; ukujikeleza kwegridi okufutshane, okubekwe ngesandla kwimisele evulekileyo akuyondawo ingathathi cala.
3. Amanqaku ngokunyaniseka xa utyholwa ngobusela.Isitishi esibiyelweyo nesijongiweyo: esingathathi cala. Indlela yasemaphandleni, ibala leepali, ukufakelwa komhlaba ngololiwe: CCS,kubaukususa ixabiso leenkunkuma kususa umngcipheko.
4. Vavanya ikhemistri yomhlaba.Umhlaba oqhelekileyo ulungele zombini izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ezinobomi boyilo obungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50 kwi-CCS yethu; umhlaba one-asidi eninzi okanye odlamkileyo ngokweekhemikhali ufanele uxoxwe ngawo ngaphambi kokuba kukhutshwe naziphi na izinto.
5. Lungisa umgangatho kwi-PO.Kwigama le-CCS i-ASTM B227 yentambo kunye ne-ASTM B228 yesikhondisi esilahlekileyo esine-conductivity grade (40 HS yindlela esetyenziswayo eqhelekileyo); kwigama lethusi, ukuhambelana kwe-IEC oyifunayo. I-odolo yokuthenga ethi "umqhubi we-grounding" kuphela imema imidlalo yokutshintsha.

Qaphela ukuba yintoni engekho kuloo landelelwano: ixabiso leyunithi ngemitha nganye. Ndiyishiya ngabom okokugqibela,kubaUmqhubi okhethwe ngexabiso lemitha kuphela nguyena mntu unokuqikelela ukuthengwa kwakhona kwiminyaka emihlanu endiyibonileyo kolu rhwebo. Ixabiso lifanele ukuba lithathwe, kodwa lifanele ukuba lithathwe emva kokuba ifiziksi, ukufakwa, kunye nokuvezwa kokhuseleko kukuxelele ukuba loluphi usapho lwezinto eziphathekayo oluthengayo.

Kwiiprojekthi ezifika kwiCCS,ucingo lwentsimbi olugqunywe ngobheduUluhlu lugubungela i-15%–40% ye-IACS conductivity kunye nomaleko wobhedu we-0.25 mm, amandla okutsalwa ukusuka kwi-560 ukuya kwi-1040 MPa, ububanzi be-monofilament obuyi-1.4–3.2 mm, kunye nobubanzi obupheleleyo be-4.2–22.5 mm kwiindlela ze-7–37 strand configurations — iveliswe phantsi kwe-ISO 9001 enomthamo wenyanga we-100,000 yeemitha, ipakishwe yiroli kwaye ithunyelwe ngeNingbo okanye eShanghai. Abathengi abafuna izakhiwo ezithintelweyo ngokukodwa banokuphonononga i-akhawunti yethu.iphepha lokuvelisa iingcingo zeCCS ezilahlekileyo, kwaye lonke usapho luhlala phantsi kwethuudidi lwentsimbi yentsimbi egqunywe ngobheduXa uphando lweziphene lukhomba kwelinye icala,Ucingo lobhedu olucocekileyo oluyi-99.97%iinqanawa ezine-IEC kunye ne-CE ezihambelanayo noololiwe, unxibelelwano, kunye nokufakwa komhlaba kumbane — kwaye ukuba iprojekthi ikwabandakanya ukuhlanganisa nokuba ngumqhubi kwiintonga okanye kwiipayipi, isikhokelo sethu sangaphambili malungaukufumana izixhobo zokuwelda ze-thermit zokukhusela i-cathodic yombhobhoigubungela icala le-exothermic. Ngokwemvelaphi yokuqhuba ngaphandle kwedatha yethu ye-mill,Ithala leencwadi lezicelo zombane le-Copper Development Associationyireferensi esibhekisa kuyo kuqala iinjineli ezincinci.