Ikota edlule ngihlale esibuyekezweni sethenda lapho umeluleki we-MEP ebhale khona umugqa owodwa owanquma konke: “Ukuphela komoya: Uhlobo lwe-ESE, i-single mast, noma i-Franklin array evamile — umakhi ozophakamisa ngokubala.” Abakhi abaphakamise ukuthi kube yimpumputhe balahlekelwe yigumbi; lowo odlule ezibalweni ze-radius, imephu yezindinganiso kanye nesakhiwo sezindleko wawina ingxoxo yokucacisa ngaphambi kokuba kuxoxwe ngentengo. Lowo mugqa ocacisiwe yilowo mbuzo ophendulwa yilesi sihloko. I-early streamer emission (ESE) arrester kanye ne-Franklin rod evamile zombili ziphela emhlabeni ofanayo, kodwa zifinyelela kuwo nge-physics ehlukene: i-Franklin terminal ilinda umholi ohamba kancane futhi ivikela ikhoni echazwe ukuphakama kwayo — izinduku zethu zethu zethusi ezihlanzekile ezingama-99% zisebenza ekhoneni lokuvikela elingu-65° elinobubanzi obungu-2.14×(h−h_x) — ngenkathi ikhanda le-ESE likhipha i-streamer ekhuphukayo ngaphambi kwephuzu elingasebenzi, lihlangana ngempumelelo nomholi ophansi ngokushesha futhi livikele i-radius ekhula ngenzuzo yayo yesikhathi sokuqala. Ukukhetha phakathi kwazo kunquma ukuthi uthenga ama-mast amangaki, ukuthi umklamo wakho ubonisa ukuthi uphahla lwakho luzobukeka kanjani eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu ezayo. Nasi isiqhathaniso njengoba ngidlula kochwepheshe kukho.

Ubuchwepheshe Obubili, Isiphepho Esisodwa: Indlela I-Terminal ngayinye Evimbela Ngayo Ngempela Ukushaywa

Ukushaya kombani esakhiweni kuwumjaho phakathi kwabaholi. Umholi ohamba phansi usondela esuka efwini; ama-streamers akhuphukayo aphakama kunoma iyiphi i-geometry ebukhali enikezwa uphahla. Induku kaFranklin ingumncintiswano othembekile ongenzi lutho kulowo mjaho: iphuzu elisekelwe kahle eliveza i-geometry yokuqalisa ekhanga kakhulu esakhiweni futhi liwine ukunamathela ngaphakathi kwekhoni evikelayo. I-physics isivuthiwe, izibalo ziyi-geometry, futhi umphumela uyagcinwa ngokwakhiwa - izinduku zethu zethusi ezinenaliti eyodwa ziphethe isethi yemininingwane yakudala: ukuphakama kwenduku yomoya kuya ku-200 m, i-engeli yokuvikela engu-65°, i-radius ehambisanayo engu-2.14×(h−h_x), i-gradient yamanje engaphansi kuka-5 kA, i-average current ekhishwayo engaphansi kuka-7 kA, kanye nethagethi yokumelana nokumisa umhlabathi engaphansi kuka-10 Ω.

I-ESE arrester idlala umjaho ofanayo nge-head start. Ikhanda layo liqukethe idivayisi yokuqalisa eqala i-upward streamer amashumi ama-microsecond ngaphambi kwephuzu elingasebenzi ekuphakameni okufanayo,ngobaUkuhlangana nomholi ophansi phezulu kusho ukuthi indawo evikelwe phansi iyanda. Leyo nzuzo yesikhathi esiqalayo - i-ΔT, elinganiswa elabhorethri enamandla aphezulu ngokumelene nenduku yokubhekisela - yinombolo eyodwa yonke isiphakamiso senani le-ESE esisekelwe kuyo, futhi yingakho ngitshela abeluleki ukuthi iyunithi ye-ESE engenawo umbiko wokuhlola we-ΔT othembekile imane nje iyinduku kaFranklin ebizayo enamathiselwe ekumakethweni. Simboza uhlangothi lwedokhumenti ngokujulile kumhlahlandlela wethu ohambisanayo ku-imibhalo yesitifiketi eceliwe yizinkampani zomshuwalense kanye namasiko, futhi indinganiso ngokwayo ihlukaniswe kuisichazi sethu se-NF C 17-102; lesi sihloko sihlala sikhuluma ngokuqhathanisa ubunjiniyela.

Irediyasi Yokuvikela Ngezinombolo: Induku ngayinye ifinyelela kude kangakanani ngempela?

Izibalo ze-Radius yilapho ubuchwepheshe obubili buyeka khona ukuba yifilosofi bese buba yizakhiwo. Isibalo sikaFranklin sisobala: nge-engeli yokuvikela engu-65°, induku enesihloko sayo simi amamitha angu-h ngaphezu komhlaba ivikela i-radius engu-2.14×(h−h_x) ezingeni elivikelwe h_x— i-geometry ongayiqinisekisa ngepensela. Isibalo se-ESE, ngaphansi komndeni we-NF C 17-102 wamafomula, senezela igama elithi ΔT ku-geometry ye-rolling-sphere, ngakho-ke ukuphakama okufanayo kwe-mast kuvikela i-radius enkulu — ukuthi inkulu kangakanani kuncike ekilasini le-ΔT kanye nezinga lokuvikela elidingwa yiphrojekthi ngayinyeI-IEC 62305-1Ngihlala ngisebenzisa womabili amasethi ezinombolo ophahleni lwangempela lweklayenti ngaphambi kokuncoma noma yikuphi,ngobaIgebe eliphakathi kobuchwepheshe linquma kakhulu ezinyathelweni ezinkulu eziyisicaba futhi cishe alibalulekile esakhiweni eside, esincane lapho noma yisiphi isiteshi siseduze nakho konke esikuvikelayo.

Amakhanda e-ESE arrester avela ebangeni lethu: idivayisi eqalayo ngaphakathi kwekhanda yilokho umbiko wokuhlola we-ΔT okukuqinisekisayo — umehluko wehadiwe ngemuva komehluko werediyasi.

Isexwayiso esisodwa esiqotho kufanele sinikezwe lapha: Izimangalo ze-ESE radius zinhle kuphela njenge-ΔT ngemuva kwazo, futhi imakethe iqukethe izinhloko ezinamaphepha aselebhu angeke asinde uma umeluleki eshayela ucingo elebhu.NgobaIfomula yerediyasi ikhulisa i-ΔT ibe amamitha okumbozwa okufunwayo, isikhathi sokuqalisa esiphindaphindiwe siba yindawo evikelwe ngokweqile emdwebeni wakho - yingakho umkhuba wokuqinisekisa ovela kumhlahlandlela wethu wokuqinisekisa usebenza lapha ngamandla aphindwe kabili: cela ilebhu, inombolo yombiko, kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwenduku yokubhekisela, bese uhlola konke okuthathu.

Imephu Yokuthobela Imithetho: Yimuphi Umthetho Olawula Yisiphi Isikhungo?

Abalobi bemininingwane abakhethi i-physics ngokukhetha kwabo; bakhetha indinganiso igunya labo, iklayenti kanye nomshwalense bayaqaphela, kanti indinganiso ikhetha i-physics. Imephu njengoba ngiyinika abeluleki: izinhlelo zendabuko zaseFranklin zihlala ngaphakathiI-IEC 62305-1futhiI-IEC 62305-3indawo — i-engeli yokuvikela, i-sphere yokugoqa kanye nezindlela ze-mesh — ngeI-NFPA 780ihlanganisa ifilosofi efanayo yokungasebenzisi amandla enkambisweni yaseNyakatho Melika. Izinhlelo ze-ESE zilawulwa umndeni wazo wezindinganiso zikazwelonke, kanti i-NF C 17-102 umbhalo obhekisela kuwo iningi lamaphrojekthi aseGulf, e-Afrika nase-French licaphuna; izidingo zezinga lezingxenye zehadiwe yokuqeda umoya ngokwazo zitholakalaI-IEC 62561-2kanye nezingane zakubo.NgobaImindeni emibili yezindinganiso ilinganisa izinto ezahlukene, incazelo ehlanganisa amagama ayo - ecela inhloko ye-ESE ukuthi izibonakalise ngokwemigomo ye-rolling-sphere, noma i-Franklin array ukuthi ithumele umbiko we-ΔT - ikhiqiza amathenda adidekile kanye nezinkontileka ezingenakuphoqelelwa. Bhala indinganiso kuqala; umkhiqizo uyalandela.

Inothi elilodwa elisebenzayo elivela edeskini lokuthumela ngaphandle: amaphrojekthi amaningi encwadini yethu ye-oda i-IEC 62305 yomklamo we-LPS iyonke futhi amukela ama-terminal e-ESE ngaphansi kwendinganiso ye-ESE yezwe lephrojekthi yokuphela komoya — i-hybrid esebenza lapho imininingwane isho kanjalo ngokucacile futhi yehluleka njengokucabanga. Futhi noma ngabe iyiphi indlela umklamo oyithathayo, ukuphela komhlaba phansi kwabaqhubi abaphansi kuphendula esifundweni esifanayo sokusekela kuzo zombili izinhlelo; yethuisifinyezo sokuvikela umbani wesakhiwoihlanganisa indlela isikhungo somoya, ama-down conductor kanye nomhlaba osebenza ngayo njengeketanga elilodwa.

Izindleko Ziqhathaniswa Ngokwethembeka: Uhlelo Ngalunye Lusebenzisa Kanjani Isabelomali Sephrojekthi Yakho?

Ngeke ngicaphune amanani kulesi sihloko - ahamba nezimakethe zethusi, ububanzi bephrojekthi kanye nesifunda, futhi noma yiliphi inani elihleliwe eliphrintiwe lapha lingadukisa ngaphakathi kwesizini. Okungahambi isakhiwo sezindleko, futhi isakhiwo yilokho umeluleki okufanele akuqhathanise. Uhlelo lwe-Franklin lusakaza imali yalo ngobuningi: iziteshi eziningi zomoya, izikhundla eziningi ze-mast, i-roof conductor mesh, izinto zokulungisa kanye nomsebenzi wokufaka nokubopha konke - into ngayinye incane, inani eliphelele eliqhutshwa ukubalwa kanye nobunzima bophahla. Uhlelo lwe-ESE lugxila imali yalo: ikhanda elilodwa elenziwe ngobunjiniyela eliqinisekisiwe, i-mast eyodwa kanye nomklamo wayo wesisekelo kanye nomthwalo womoya, kanye nephakheji yamadokhumenti - izinto ezimbalwa, kodwa ngayinye inzima ngokuqukethwe kobunjiniyela.NgobaIzindleko zeFranklin zilinganisa indawo yophahla kuyilapho izindleko ze-ESE zilinganisa ngobunjiniyela be-mast, izinyathelo ezinkulu ezisicaba zitshekisa isakhiwo siye e-ESE kanti uphahla oluncane noma oluyinkimbinkimbi lutshekisa siye eFranklin.

Izinduku zomoya zethusi ezivamile ezivela ekukhiqizweni kwethu: ukwakhiwa kwenaliti eyodwa yethusi okumsulwa okungu-99%, i-engeli yokuvikela engu-65°, ukwakheka okumelana nomoya kophahla oluveziwe.

Ukuthembeka Emashumini Eminyaka: Ubani Ogcina Yini Kuhlelo Ngalunye?

Amaphrofayili okulungisa ayahluka ngohlobo, awakho. I-Franklin array ayinazo izinto zikagesi futhi ayinazo izinto zokulungisa; ukulungiswa kwayo ukuhlolwa — ukugqwala emajoyintini, ukuqhubeka komqhubi, ukufakelwa ngemva kweziphepho — kanye nokuhlolwa kokumelana nomhlaba njalo. Ikhanda le-ESE lengeza umbuzo owodwa: ingabe idivayisi ebangela isaphila? Amakhanda e-ESE asezingeni eliphezulu avaliwe futhi azimele ngaphandle kwamandla angaphandle, futhi ethu athunyelwa emabhokisini okhuni athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ukuze ahambe ngqo, kodwa umkhuba wobungcweti ukuhlola ukusebenza njalo ngokwesikhathi somkhiqizi kanye nomkhuba wokuhlola ofanayo nanoma yisiphi isiteshi.NgobaIkhanda le-ESE elifile liwohloka buthule libe yinduku engasebenzi, uhlelo lokulungisa kufanele lufake ukuhlolwa kokusebenza ngokucacile — okubhalwe encwadini ye-O&M, kungashiywa njengokucabanga. Noma yiluphi uhlelo luphinde luzuze isimiso sokulungisa sokuphela komhlaba, yingakho sihlinzeka ngobuchwepheshe bobabili kanye nezinto zokusekela abakhipha kuzo.

Ama-terminal e-ESE kanye navamile avela ebangeni lethu eceleni: amakhanda ahlukene, umsebenzi ofanayo — kanye nesistimu yomhlaba efanayo elinde ngaphansi kokubili.

Ukubhala Imininingwane: Ukhetha Kanjani Ngaphandle Kokuzisola?

Uchungechunge lwezinqumo engilunika abeluleki, ngokulandelana:

1. Lungisa izinga elibusayo kuqala— I-IEC 62305/NFPA 780 yomklamo ongasebenzi, indinganiso kazwelonke ye-ESE yephrojekthi yomklamo osebenzayo, noma i-hybrid ecacile.
2. Dweba i-geometry yokuvikela ophahleni lwangempela— sebenzisa i-Franklin radius (65°/2.14×(h−h)_x)) kanye nerediyasi ye-ESE yekilasi le-ΔT elihlongozwayo; umdwebo, hhayi incwajana, ukhetha ophumelele.
3. Bala ukuthi umklamo ngamunye ubeka ini ophahleni— ama-terminal, ama-mast, ukugijima komqhubi, ukungena — futhi uvumele ubuhle nemiphumela yokuvimbela amanzi ibe yisinqumo.
4. Bhala amadokhumenti okuqinisekisa kuthenda— Umbiko we-ΔT ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-ESE, izitifiketi zezinto ngenduku ngayinye, ukwamukelwa kokumelana nomhlaba kokubili.
5. Vala nomhlaba— qamba igama lokumelana nokugqwala (izincazelo zethu zenduku ezivamile zisebenza ngaphansi kuka-10 Ω) kanye nomklamo we-electrode, ngoba zombili lezi zobuchwepheshe zinhle njengomhlaba wazo kuphela.

Zombili izindlela zisesigabeni sethu sokukhiqiza:Isivimbeli sombani se-ESEngokuvumelana nephakheji yayo yamadokhumenti, iInduku yombani yethusi emsulwa engu-99% enenaliti eyodwafuthiinduku yesiphelo somoya wethusikuma-array avamile, konke ngaphansi kwe-Isigaba se-ESE lightning arrester kanye nezinduku zombaniSithumelele umdwebo wophahla kanye nezinga lokuvikela elidingwa yiphrojekthi yakho, futhi sizobuyisela kokubili izibalo ze-radius kanye ne-bill yezinto zokwakha ngayinye — ukuqhathanisa okufanayo okuchazwa yilesi sihloko, okwenziwe esakhiweni sakho sangempela.