Ku bakora peteroli na gaze, ibikoresho byo gusudira birinda cathodic ni byo bikoreshwa mu gufunga imiyoboro y’ibizamini, insinga za anode na conductors zo guhuza ku muyoboro utwikiriwe - kandi icyemezo cyo kugura kigizwe n'ibintu bitatu: ifu yo gusudira ya thermit ihuye n'ibikoresho byawe n'ingano ya conductor, ifu ya grafiti igumana imiyoboro 80-100, n'umucuruzi ufite impapuro zo gupakira no gupakira zigumana isuzuma ryo kohereza mu mahanga. Nkorera mu ruganda rukora ibi bikoresho, kandi muri iyi nyandiko ndagaragaza ibyo tuvanga, ibishaje, amahame itsinda ryawe rya QC rizavuga (AMPP/NACE SP0169, ISO 15589-2:2024, IEEE 837), hamwe n'imibare ikoreshwa ugomba gukoresha mbere yo gutanga itegeko ryo kugura.

Kuva ku migozi y'umurambararo kugeza ku migozi ya molekile: Kuki abakozi ba CP bagisobanura uburyo bwo gusudira imiyoboro ya pombi?

Igisubizo kigufi: kubera ko sisitemu yo kurinda katodike (CP) - ikoreshwa rya anode y'amashanyarazi cyangwa iy'ibitambo kugira ngo ifate umuyoboro w'icyuma uhishe aho ingese iba nkeya - ni ukwizerwa gusa nk'uko ihuzwa nabyo.Kubera ko buri ruziga rw'igerageza, insinga ya anode n'insinga y'umugozi bigomba kugumana amashanyarazi mu gihe cyose umuyoboro w'amazi ugikozwe, ba rwiyemezamirimo bagena umugozi w'umugozi aho gushyiraho umugozi w'umugozi.Gusudira Exothermic, byanditse kandi nka thermit welding kandi bizwi mu rwego rw'ubucuruzi n'ijambo CAD weld (rikomoka ku kimenyetso cya Cadweld), bihuza kondakita ku buso bw'umuyoboro mu ibumba rya grafiti hakoreshejwe umuringa washongeshejwe ukorwa n'ifu. Nta gipfundikizo cyo kurekura, nta ngingo ifite umuringa woroshye yo kunyerera, kandi nta mfuruka ikubita ku rukuta rw'umuyoboro.

Maze imyaka cumi n'ibiri ndeba ibi bikorwa uhereye ku ruhande rw'ibicuruzwa. Iyo rwiyemezamirimo w'imiyoboro y'amazi ahinduye ibyuma bifunganye akajya ku bihuza n'amashanyarazi, itegeko rya mbere ryo kugura ubusanzwe riba rito kandi ryitondewe - itsinda rimwe, irindi rikwirakwira. Irya kabiri riba rinini.Kubera ko imashini ikora ubudozi idakenera moteri, nta mashini ikora ubudozi cyangwa umusudi wemewe mu mwobo, abakozi bagenzura umusaruro ndetse no mu bice bya kure aho gutwara ibikoresho byo gusudira bidashoboka.Inyandiko z'ibicuruzwa by'uruganda rwacu zibivuga mu buryo bweruye: ubu buryo burahendutse, bushobora kwimurwa, kandi bworoshye gukoresha nta buhanga bwihariye. Ubwo si ururimi rwo kwamamaza; niyo mpamvu uburyo bwasimbuje imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi mu gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi no gukoresha amashanyarazi mu myaka makumyabiri ishize.

Ibikoresho byo gusudira birinda Katodike: Mu by'ukuri ni iki kiri mu mutima wa rwiyemezamirimo?

Ibikoresho byuzuye byo guhuza CP bya exothermic bifite ibintu byinshi kurusha uko abaguzi benshi babyiteze. Ku isoko ryacu, nshobora kureba ibikoresho byiteguye koherezwa hamwe:ifu yo gusudira ya thermitubwabyo, ibumba rya grafiti rishushanya ingingo, imbunda ikoresha amabuye, disiki y'icyuma ifunga icyumba cy'ifu kugeza igihe igikorwa gitangiye, agakoresho ko gufata, uturindantoki tudashyuha, n'uburoso bwo gusukura. Ntukabure kimwe muri ibi kandi itsinda ryawe ririmo gukora udushya mu mwobo.

Ibice bitatu bikwiye kwitabwaho n'umuguzi kuko ari byo bigena ubwiza bw'ibice:

• Ifu yo gusudira ya Thermit.Ifu yacu yo gusudira ya exothermic ni uruvange rwa okiside y'umuringa na aluminiyumu — iyi reaction igabanya okiside y'umuringa ikagera ku muringa ushongeshejwe ku bushyuhe bwinshi bihagije kugira ngo ihuze ibyuma biyobora umuringa n'imiyoboro y'icyuma. Ingingo y'ingenzi yo kugura ni igipimo: tuvanga ifu kugira ngo ihuze ibikoresho bya kondakta yawe n'igice cyayo,Kubera ko umuriro muto usiga igice kitarangiye mu gihe kinini cyane gisohora icyuma mu ibumba kandi gitakaza ibikoresho kuri buri gice gihuza.
• Uburyo bwo gusudira thermitn'ibikoresho byo gutangira.Iyi flux ikomeza gukora neza kandi igafasha umuringa washongeshejwe kunyosha umuyoboro; mu gitondo gitose cyangwa mu byuma bisukuye nabi, iyi flux ni yo irinda ingingo gushonga.
• Igishushanyo cya grafiti.Iki ni cyo gice cy’ingenzi. Ibumba rya grafiti ryakozwe neza rifunga neza icyuma gifata amazi n’umuyoboro, kandi inyandiko z’uruganda rwacu zigaragaza ko rimara igihe kingana n’ingingo 80–100 kuri buri bumba — igihe kirekire kurusha izindi bumba zihanganye abakiriya bacu bagereranije na zo. Ibumba ryashaje rivamo umuringa washongeshejwe, kandi ibumba ryavamo rigatanga ibumba umugenzuzi wawe azanga.

Ifu yo gusudira ya SHIBANG thermit: uruvange rwa okiside y'umuringa na aluminiyumu, ishyirwa mu macupa kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu murima ku miyoboro irinzwe na cathodic.

Gusudira Thermit y'imiyoboro mu mwobo: Ni gute iyi gahunda ikomeza kurangira igihe ntarengwa cyo gusiga?

Ku buryo busanzwe, ikibazo ni gake cyane iyo ukoresheje imashini ikora isuku - ni itsinda rishinzwe gusiga inyuma yawe. Guhuza amashanyarazi bitwara iminota mike: gusukura ubuso bw'umuyoboro n'icyuma gifata imashini, kwicara imashini, gushyiramo disiki y'icyuma, gushyiramo ifu, gutwika ukoresheje imbunda ya flint, gutegereza ko imashini ikora, guca imashini ikuramo imashini, no gusukura igice cy'icyuma gikoresha imashini. Twafashe amafoto yacu y'intambwe umunani ku ngingo nyazo, kandi ihera ku gutegura ubuso kugeza ku gice cyarangiye cyo gupima.

Ibishushanyo by'imirongo n'ibishushanyo by'imirongo yo guhuza CAD: gutegura ubuso, kwicara mu ibumba, gutwika, n'imirongo irangiye yiteguye gusigwa.

Uko mbibona ku mabwiriza yo gusubiramo, inzira ikomeza kuba nziza cyane. Iyo abakozi bamaze guhuza ibintu icumi na bibiri, uburyo bwo gutsindwa hafi ya bwose ni bwo bukorwa, ntabwo ari ibikoresho: ubushuhe mu ibumba, amavuta cyangwa amavuta ku muyoboro, cyangwa ibumba ryakoreshejwe mu gihe cyaryo.Kubera ko icyuma gishyushye cyashongeshejwe n'amazi cyangwa amavuta yanduye bitera ubushye n'ingingo zanze, inyandiko zacu zo gupakira zishimangira ko ububiko bwumye kandi busukuye kandi bwumye - kandi nsubiramo uwo muburo muri buri fagitire yo kohereza.Niba itsinda ryawe rikora mu mwuka ushyuha cyangwa mu ivumbi, hagarara; ibyo ni nkongi y'umuriro n'ibisasu, ntabwo ari ibintu byiza.

Isuzuma ryihariye mbere yo gushakisha aho uturutse: Ni ayahe mahame agenga imiyoboro ya exothermic ku miyoboro?

Dosiye yawe ya QC, ntabwo ari katalogu y'umutanga serivisi, niyo igena icyo "byemewe" bivuze. Mu mapaki y'amasoko nsuzuma, hari imirongo ine igaruka kenshi:

• AMPP / NACE SP0169Kugenzura ingese yo hanze ku miyoboro yo munsi y'ubutaka cyangwa iri munsi y'amazi, ni cyo gipimo fatizo injeniyeri wawe azakoresha mu bijyanye n'ibipimo ngenderwaho bya sisitemu ya CP n'uburyo bwo kuyishyiraho ku miyoboro itwikiriwe.
• ISO 15589-2:2024, icyiciro cya gatatu cy’ubu cyo kurinda imiyoboro ya cathodic yo mu nyanja, kigenga igishushanyo mbonera, ibikoresho, gushyiraho, gukoresha no kubungabunga sisitemu za CP z’imiyoboro iri munsi y’amazi n’izamuka ry’amazi.
• IEEE 837, Igipimo ngenderwaho cyo guhuza ibintu bihoraho gikoreshwa mu gusya ibyuma bito, ni cyo gipimo cy’ubuziranenge gikunze gukoreshwa iyo umuguzi ashaka icyemezo cy’uko ubwoko bw’imiyoboro idafite ubushyuhe buhoraho mu gihe cy’ikosa n’ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije - ndetse no mu gihe cy’imiyoboro, uburyo bwo kuyipima (gukora amagare, gukonjesha no gushonga, n’uburyo bwo kwangirika) ni byo abagenzuzi b’igenzura bemera.
• Ku miyoboro y'amazi igenzurwa na Amerika,49 CFR Igice cya 195(PHMSA) ishyiraho itegeko ryo kugenzura ingese zo hanze — harimo no kurinda katodike —, ari yo mpamvu inyandiko zijyanye n’ikoreshwa ry’imashini zishyirwa mu madosiye y’igenzura.

Inzitizi imwe yumvikana: utanga ifu n'ibumba ashobora kwandika imiterere y'ibikoresho, isuzuma ry'umuntu wa gatatu (ibicuruzwa byacu bipimwa na CEPRI, Ikigo cy'Ubushakashatsi ku Ngabo z'Amashanyarazi cy'Ubushinwa) ndetse no gupakira - ariko ibisabwa ku rwego rumwe biba ku ruhande rwawe, ku bayobozi bawe n'abagenzuzi bawe. Nabwiye buri mukiriya mushya wa rwiyemezamirimo ikintu kimwe: banza utumize ingano y'igerageza, usuke imiyoboro yawe bwite y'igerageza, hanyuma ureke umugenzuzi wawe afungure bike. Uruganda urwo ari rwo rwose rubuza iyo ntambwe rukubwira ikintu runaka.

Imibare yo Kugura Ntawe Ucapa: Ni gute ubuzima bw'ibimera n'ikoreshwa ry'ifu bitwara ikiguzi nyacyo?

Aha niho amakuru y’uruganda rwacu ahindura icyemezo cyo kugura. Ifu isohoka rimwe kuri buri gice, ariko mu nyandiko zacu zo kohereza ifu ikoreshwa ku murongo umwe - kandi uwo murongo niho ingengo y’imari iva. Igihe cyacu cyo gukora ifu nziza ya grafiti ni hagati ya 80-100; abakora ifu banyereka mu batanga ifu ba mbere bakunze kwangirika cyangwa kuvamo kare cyane.Kubera ko ifu yo hagati y’ipfundo yangiritse ipfusha ubusa ifu, disiki, igihe cy’abakozi ndetse rimwe na rimwe n’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi, ifu ihendutse ikunze kuba ihenze cyane - igiciro cyose kuri buri pfundo ryarangiye kiragabanuka uko ubuzima bwa buri pfundo bugenda bwiyongera, ndetse n’igihe igiciro kuri buri pfundo kiri hejuru.Sinzandika imibare y'amadolari hano, kuko amabwiriza y'imizigo, ingano y'ibicuruzwa n'aho bivanwa bihindura imibare nyayo cyane ku giciro kimwe cy'ukuri; icyo nshobora gucapa ni imiterere y'imibare.

Koresha imibare yawe bwite ukoresheje ikigereranyo kiri hepfo - ikoresha imibare yacu yanditswe n'uruganda (ingingo 80–100 kuri buri bumba; gupakira ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu mahanga ibice 10 kuri buri gasanduku n'udusanduku 10 kuri buri gasanduku) hamwe n'umubare w'imigabane yawe. Nta mafaranga arimo; intego ni ukubanza gupima urutonde, n'aho usubira gutumiza, mu bice bifatika.

Gusuzuma umucuruzi w'ibikoresho bya Thermit: Ibibazo bitandatu bitandukanya inganda n'abazigurisha

Ingorane nyinshi mbona muri ubu bucuruzi zituruka ku kugura binyuze mu bagurisha ibicuruzwa benshi badashobora gusubiza ibibazo bya tekiniki. Waba ugura kuri twe cyangwa utagura, ibi bibazo bitandatu bigaragaza uwakoze icyo gicuruzwa:

1. Ese ushobora kwerekana ifu ijyanye n'ibikoresho byanjye by'umuyoboro w'amazi n'ingano yayo, hanyuma ugasobanura uburyo bwo kuyivanga wakoresha?
2. Igihe cyawe cyo gukoresha grafiti mu byuma byo gusudira ni ikihe, kandi ni ibihe bintu byo kuyikoresha cyangwa kuyibika?
3. Ni ikihe kigo cyigenga cyasuzumye ibikoresho byawe byo gusudira — kuri twe igisubizo ni CEPRI — kandi ushobora gusangira isuzuma?
4. Ni gute upakira ifu n'ibimera byo gutwara imizigo mu mazi — ibyacu ni ibice 10 kuri buri gasanduku n'udusanduku 10 kuri buri gasanduku — kandi ni ku kihe cyambu utanga ibicuruzwa?
5. Ni ubuhe bushobozi bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa buri kwezi ushobora kwiyemeza mu nyandiko - umurongo wacu ugura ibice 100.000 ku kwezi - kandi ni ikihe gihe cy'uburambe bwawe mu gihe cy'ibirori bikomeye?
6. Ese wohereza ibikoresho byose (imbunda y'amabuye, udupfukamunwa, uturindantoki, uburoso) n'inyandiko z'umutekano zanditse hamwe n'ibaruwa ya mbere, cyangwa ibyo ni ibintu by'inyongera?

Mu bunararibonye bwanjye, uruganda rusubiza ibi muri imeri imwe, mu gihe umucuruzi abyohereza hanyuma akagaruka nyuma y'iminsi itatu afite ibyo yibwira.Kubera ko ibikoresho byo gusudira birinda katodike ari ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu buryo bw’umutekano ku bikorwa remezo bigenzurwa, ikiguzi cy’igisubizo kitari cyo si ugusubizwa amafaranga - ni ukwanga kwabyo kandi abakozi basubijwe mu kazi.

Inyandiko, Gupakira, n'igihe cyo kwishyura: Ni hehe ibicuruzwa bitumijwe mu mahanga bikunze kugenda nabi?

Nyuma y'imyaka cumi n'ibiri twohereza ibicuruzwa byo mu mahanga birimo gushonga no gushyuha cyane, ndakubwira ko ibyangiritse tubona birarambiranye - kandi mbona ko ari inkuru nziza, kuko ibyangiritse birabujijwe. Tuzi ko ifu ifata ubushuhe, bityo dufunga buri icupa mbere yuko riva mu murongo wacu kandi amakarito agomba kubaho mu rugendo rw'ibigega bitose; ibihumyo biracika intege, bityo bikaba ngombwa ko bitandukana no gupfundikirwa imbere mu ikarito; kandi tureba neza ko impapuro zacu zivuga ibicuruzwa mu buryo umuhuza wawe wa gasutamo n'ishami ry'umukiriya wawe babizi. Tubohereza ex Ningbo cyangwa Shanghai, kandi ku batumiza ibicuruzwa bwa mbere nkurikirana inyandiko n'umuhuza mbere yuko ubwato buhaguruka, ntabwo ari nyuma yuko buhageze.

Ibumba rya SHIBANG grafiti exothermic welding mold rifite clamp y'umukono n'imbunda y'urutare — rishobora gukoreshwa hagati y'ingingo 80–100 kuri buri bumba.

Inama yanjye ya nyuma ni ugukurikirana: banza ushyireho itegeko ry’igerageza, usuke hanyuma uce ibice by’igerageza ryawe, hanyuma ushyireho ingano y’igerageza ukoresheje amanota yo gukosora ikoreshwa ry’imashini yawe aho kubara uko ubyifuza. Niba ushaka kongera kureba RFQ yawe mbere yo kuyohereza ku muntu uwo ari we wese - harimo natwe - yohereze. Nahitamo gukosora ibisobanuro aho kohereza ku bibi.

Jane Yang— Umuyobozi ushinzwe ubucuruzi,Xinchang Shibang Ibikoresho bishya Co, Ltd.

Jane akora muri Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd., uruganda rw’umwuga rukora ibikoresho by’ubutaka n’inkuba mu gihe kirenga imyaka 17. Ni umuyobozi ushinzwe kugurisha ufite uburambe bw’imyaka 12 mu kurinda inkuba no gukwirakwiza ubutaka mu bucuruzi bw’amahanga, yibanda cyane mu gufasha abakiriya bo mu mahanga mu gushaka ibikoresho by’uburinzi n’inkuba mu Bushinwa - ashinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge, gutegura ubwiza bw’ibikoresho no kohereza inyandiko zose zo kohereza mu mahanga. Ashobora kandi gufasha mu kugura ibindi bicuruzwa bifitanye isano n’amashanyarazi. Ni umunyamwuga, wizewe kandi woroshye kuvugana na we, yiteguye gutanga ibisubizo byo kugura ibintu icyarimwe.

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