Ga masu kwangilar mai da iskar gas, kayan walda na kariya daga cathodic sune abubuwan da ake amfani da su wajen haɗa jakunkunan gwaji, kebul na anode da masu haɗa bututun mai zuwa bututun da aka binne - kuma shawarar siyan ta ta'allaka ne akan abubuwa uku: foda na walda mai zafi wanda ya dace da kayan da girman mai jagoran ku, mold na graphite wanda ya tsira daga haɗin gwiwa 80-100, da mai samar da kaya wanda kayansa da takardunsa suka tsira daga binciken fitarwa. Ina aiki a cikin masana'antar da ke yin waɗannan kayan, kuma a cikin wannan jagorar ina tafiya cikin abin da muke haɗawa, abin da ya lalace, waɗanne ƙa'idodi ne ƙungiyar QC ɗinku za ta ambata (AMPP/NACE SP0169, ISO 15589-2:2024, IEEE 837), da kuma lissafin da ya kamata ku yi amfani da shi kafin bayar da odar siyayya.
MUHIMMAN ABUBUWAN DA AKA CI A KANSU
- Foda mai walda mai zafi don aikin bututun mai cakuda jan ƙarfe ne da aluminum, kuma dole ne a haɗa shi da kayan da girman mai jagoran ku - cakuda mai gama gari yana samar da haɗin gwiwa masu rauni, masu juriya sosai.
- Ingancin mold ɗin graphite yana samar da haɗin walda 80-100 kafin a maye gurbinsa, don haka adadin mold - ba adadin foda ba - yawanci yana jagorantar jadawalin sake yin oda.
- Kayan da ake fitarwa zuwa ƙasashen waje su ne guda 10 a kowace akwati da kuma akwati 10 a kowace kwali, waɗanda aka kawo daga Ningbo ko Shanghai, tare da ƙarfin samar da kayayyaki na masana'anta guda 100,000 a kowane wata.
- Nassoshin aikin bututun mai da Amurka ta tsara 49 CFR Sashe na 195 don kariyar cathodic; ingancin haɗi yawanci yana da inganci idan aka kwatanta da IEEE 837.
- Ba a buƙatar tushen wutar lantarki na waje don walda na bututun mai, shi ya sa ya ci gaba da kasancewa hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita a yanayin da ake amfani da ita ta hanyar nesa.
Daga Yaɗuwar Arc zuwa Haɗin Molecular: Me yasa Ma'aikatan CP Har Yanzu Ke Bayyana Walda Mai Rage Hasken Bututu?
Amsar a takaice: saboda tsarin kariyar cathodic (CP) - amfani da wutar lantarki kai tsaye ko anodes na hadaya don riƙe bututun ƙarfe da aka binne a wani wuri mai yuwuwa inda tsatsa ta zama ba ta da yawa - abin dogaro ne kawai kamar haɗinsa.Saboda kowace gubar gwaji, kebul na anode da wayar haɗin dole ne su kasance masu aiki da wutar lantarki har tsawon lokacin ƙirar bututun, 'yan kwangila suna ƙayyade haɗin kwayoyin halitta maimakon na inji.Walda mai zafi, wanda kuma aka rubuta a matsayin walda mai zafi kuma an san shi a fagen ta hanyar amfani da kalmar CAD weld (daga alamar Cadweld), yana haɗa mai jagora zuwa saman bututun a cikin mold na graphite ta amfani da jan ƙarfe mai narkewa wanda foda ke amsawa. Babu manne da za a sassauta, babu haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi don rarrafe, kuma babu bugun baka a bangon bututu.
Na kalli wannan wasa daga ɓangaren samar da kayayyaki tsawon shekaru goma sha biyu. Lokacin da mai kwangilar bututun mai ya canza daga maƙallan injina zuwa haɗin wutar lantarki, odar siye ta farko yawanci ƙarami ce kuma mai taka tsantsan - ma'aikata ɗaya, ɗaya ya faɗi. Oda ta biyu ta fi girma.Saboda walda ba ta buƙatar janareta, babu injin walda kuma babu mai walda mai lasisi a wurin ramin, ma'aikatan suna ci gaba da kiyaye ƙimar samarwa ko da a wuraren da ake samun dama daga nesa inda kayan aikin walda ba su da amfani.Takardar bayanan samfuran masana'antarmu ta bayyana shi a sarari: hanyar tana da inganci, mai sauƙin ɗauka, kuma mai sauƙin aiki ba tare da ƙwarewa ta musamman ba. Wannan ba yaren tallatawa ba ne; shi ya sa hanyar ta canza haɗin injina a tsakanin grounding da CP a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata.
Kayan Walda na Kariyar Cathodic: Menene Ake Ciki A Cikin BOM na Mai Kwangila?
Cikakken lissafin kayan haɗin CP na waje yana da kayayyaki da yawa fiye da yadda yawancin masu siye na farko ke tsammani. A wurin samarwarmu, zan iya kallon saitin da aka shirya jigilar kaya:foda mai walda mai zafida kanta, mold ɗin graphite wanda ke siffanta haɗin gwiwa, bindiga mai ƙyalli, faifan ƙarfe wanda ke rufe ɗakin foda har sai lokacin da amsawar ta fara, maƙallin ɗaurewa, safar hannu masu jure zafi, da goge-goge. Ku rasa ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan kuma ma'aikatan ku suna yin gyare-gyare a wurin ramin.
Abubuwa uku sun cancanci kulawar mai siye saboda suna ƙayyade ingancin haɗin gwiwa:
- Foda mai walda ta Thermit.Foda mai amfani da wutar lantarki ta waje (exothermic walda) cakuda ce ta jan ƙarfe da kuma aluminum - amsawar tana rage oxide na jan ƙarfe zuwa narkakken jan ƙarfe a yanayin zafi mai yawa wanda zai iya haɗa masu sarrafa jan ƙarfe zuwa bututun ƙarfe. Muhimmin abin da ake buƙata shine rabon: muna haɗa foda don daidaita kayan mai sarrafa wutar lantarki da kuma sassan da ke kewaye da shi,Domin ƙaramin caji yana barin haɗin gwiwa mara cika yayin da babban ya fitar da ƙarfe daga cikin mold ɗin kuma yana ɓatar da abu akan kowace haɗin..
- kwararar walda mai zafida kuma kayan farawa.Ruwan yana tsaftace amsawar kuma yana taimaka wa jan ƙarfe mai narkewa ya jika saman bututun; a lokacin da aka jiƙa da safe ko kuma ƙarfe mara kyau, ruwan yana ceton haɗin gwiwa daga porosity.
- Tsarin graphite.Wannan shine ainihin abin da aka haɗa. Modyl graphite mai inganci yana rufewa sosai a kusa da mai jagora da bututu, kuma bayanan masana'antarmu suna nuna tsawon lokacin aiki na haɗin gwiwa 80-100 a kowace mod - fiye da yadda yawancin modlings masu fafatawa suka kwatanta da shi. Modyl da ya lalace yana zubar da jan ƙarfe mai narkewa, kuma modyl mai ɗigowa yana samar da haɗin gwiwa wanda mai duba ku zai ƙi.
Walda Mai Rage Hasken Bututu a cikin Ramin Ruwa: Ta Yaya Tsarin Yake Dawwama A Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfin Lokaci?
A lokacin da aka baza shi kai tsaye, ƙa'idar ba ta cika zama walda ba - ma'aikatan rufewa ne ke bayanka. Haɗin waje yana ɗaukar mintuna: tsaftace saman bututun da mai jagoran zuwa ƙarfe mai haske, sanya mold ɗin, sauke faifan ƙarfe, caji foda, kunna shi da bindigar dutse, jira lokacin amsawar, karya mold ɗin, da kuma tsaftace haɗin don mai shafa shafi. Mun ɗauki hotunan jerin filinmu na matakai takwas a kan ainihin haɗin gwiwa, kuma yana gudana daga shirye-shiryen saman zuwa haɗin da aka gama, wanda aka shirya don dubawa.
Daga abin da na gani a kan umarnin maimaitawa, tsarin ya dogara ne da maimaitawa. Da zarar ma'aikata sun yi haɗin gwiwa goma sha biyu, hanyoyin gazawar kusan koyaushe suna kan tsari, ba abu mai amfani ba: danshi a cikin mold, mai ko mai a kan bututu, ko kuma mold da aka sake amfani da shi a baya.Saboda ƙarfe mai zafi da ruwa ko mai ya gurɓata yana haifar da ƙonewa da kuma gurɓataccen haɗin da aka ƙi, takardun tattara kayanmu sun nace kan busasshen ajiya da kuma wuraren da aka tsaftace da busassun - kuma ina maimaita wannan gargaɗin a cikin kowane takardar biyan kuɗi da na aika.Idan ma'aikatan ku suna aiki a cikin tururi ko ƙura mai iya kamawa, ku daina; wannan yanayin gobara ne da fashewa, ba yanayin inganci ba.
Takamaiman Dubawa Kafin Ku Tushe: Wadanne Ka'idoji Ne Ke Kula da Haɗin Exothermic akan Bututun Ruwa?
Fayil ɗin QC ɗinka, ba kundin mai samar da kayayyaki ba, ne ke yanke shawara kan ma'anar "abin karɓa". A cikin fakitin sayayya da na sake dubawa, nassoshi huɗu sun sake fitowa akai-akai:
- AMPP / NACE SP0169, Kula da Tsatsa ta Waje akan Tsarin Bututun Karfe na Karfe ko na Nutsewa, shine ka'idar laima da injiniyan ku zai ambata don ƙa'idodin tsarin CP da aikin shigarwa akan bututun da aka binne.
- ISO 15589-2:2024, bugu na uku na yanzu don kariyar bututun mai na teku, yana kula da ƙira, kayan aiki, shigarwa, aiwatarwa da kuma kula da tsarin CP don bututun mai da masu tashi a ƙarƙashin ruwa.
- IEEE 837, Ma'auni don Cancanta Haɗin Dindindin da ake Amfani da shi a cikin Tsarin Gina Ƙasa na Substation, shine tsarin cancantar da aka fi amfani da shi lokacin da mai siye yake son tabbatar da cewa nau'in haɗin exothermic na dindindin ne a ƙarƙashin matsala da damuwa na muhalli - ko da a kan ayyukan bututun mai, dabarun gwajinsa (kewayon yanzu, daskarewa-narkewa, jerin tsatsa) shine abin da masu duba suka sani.
- Ga bututun ruwa da Amurka ta tsara,49 CFR Kashi na 195(PHMSA) ya sanya sarrafa tsatsa ta waje - gami da kariyar cathodic - wani wajibi ne na ƙa'ida, shi ya sa takardun haɗi ke ƙarewa a cikin fayilolin binciken.
Iyaka ɗaya ta gaskiya: mai samar da foda da mold zai iya yin rikodin abubuwan da aka haɗa, kimantawa ta ɓangare na uku (CEPRI, Cibiyar Bincike kan Wutar Lantarki ta China tana tantance samfuranmu) da kuma marufi - amma cancantar matakin haɗin gwiwa tana faruwa a gefenku, tare da masu jagoranci da masu duba ku. Ina gaya wa kowane sabon abokin ciniki na kwangila abu ɗaya: yi odar adadin gwaji da farko, yi walda haɗin gwajin ku, kuma bari mai duba ku ya yanke kaɗan. Duk wani masana'anta da ya hana wannan matakin yana gaya muku wani abu.
Lissafin Sayayya Babu Wanda Ya Buga: Ta Yaya Rayuwar Mold da Shan Foda Ke Haifar da Farashi?
Nan ne bayanan masana'antarmu ke canza shawarar siyan. Foda tana kashe kuɗi ɗaya a kowace haɗin gwiwa, amma a cikin bayanan jigilar kayayyaki namu ana cinye molds akan lanƙwasa - kuma wannan lanƙwasa shine inda kasafin kuɗi ke zubewa. Rayuwar sabis ɗinmu da aka yi rikodin don mold graphite mai inganci shine haɗin gwiwa 80-100; 'Yan kwangilar molds sun nuna min daga masu samar da kayayyaki na baya waɗanda galibi suna fashewa ko zubewa tun da daɗewa.Saboda lalacewar mold a tsakiyar haɗin gwiwa yana ɓatar da cajin foda, faifan diski, lokacin ma'aikatan jirgin, kuma wani lokacin mai tuƙi ya ƙare, mold mai rahusa yakan fi tsadar amfani - jimillar farashin kowace haɗin gwiwa da aka gama yana raguwa yayin da tsawon rayuwar mold ɗin ya ƙaru, koda lokacin da farashin naúrar kowane mold ya ƙaru.Ba zan buga alkaluman dala a nan ba, domin sharuɗɗan jigilar kaya, yawan oda da kuma tashar fitar da kaya suna motsa ainihin lambobin da yawa don kowane farashi mai gaskiya; abin da zan iya bugawa shine tsarin lissafi.
| Bangaren BOM | Matsayin da ke cikin walda | Ɗabi'ar amfani | Abin da za a duba lokacin isarwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foda walda mai zafi | Copper oxide da aluminum charge wanda ke samar da narkakken jan ƙarfe haɗin gwiwa | Caji ɗaya a kowace haɗi; yawan amfani yana bin diddigin adadin haɗin gwiwa daidai | Tsarin da ya dace da kayan da girman jagora; busassun kwalaben da aka rufe; tantance rukuni |
| Mold ɗin graphite | Yana siffanta ramin haɗin gwiwa kuma yana rufe ƙarfe mai narkewa akan mai jagora da bututu | Yana sa gaɓoɓi sama da 80-100; rayuwa tana raguwa idan aka yi amfani da shi da ƙarfi ko kuma aka ajiye shi da danshi. | Daidaita ramin da tsarin jagora/bututu; kammala aikin injin; babu guntu ko fasa layin gashi |
| kwararar walda mai zafi | Yana tsaftacewa da jika saman don haka haɗin gwiwa ya samar ba tare da porosity ba | Ana cinyewa a kowace haɗin gwiwa tare da foda | Dacewa da tsarin foda; yanayin bushewa |
| Faifan ƙarfe | Rufe ɗakin foda har sai zafin wuta ya kai ga | Ɗaya ga kowace haɗin gwiwa | Daidaitaccen diamita don mold; lebur, ba tare da iskar oxygen ba |
| Bindiga mai ƙarfi, maƙalli, safofin hannu, goge | Konewa, sarrafa mold da tsaftace haɗin gwiwa | Kayan aiki masu ɗorewa; ana maye gurbinsu idan sun lalace | Cikakken adadin saiti akan jerin kayan tattarawa |
Gudanar da lambobinka tare da mai kimantawa da ke ƙasa - yana amfani da alkaluman da aka yi rikodin masana'anta (haɗi 80-100 a kowace mold; fitar da kaya guda 10 a kowace akwati da akwati 10 a kowace kwali) da kuma adadin haɗin gwiwarka. Babu kuɗin da ya shafi; abin da ake nufi shi ne a fara auna oda, da kuma wurin sake yin oda, a cikin na'urori na zahiri.
Mai ƙididdigewa: haɗin gwiwa zuwa kwali da molds
Tantance Mai Kayayyakin Thermit: Tambayoyi Shida Da Suka Raba Masana'antu Da Masu Sake Sayarwa
Yawancin wahalar da nake gani a wannan sana'ar ta samo asali ne daga siyayya ta hanyar masu siyarwa waɗanda ba za su iya amsa tambayoyin fasaha ba. Ko ka saya daga gare mu ko a'a, waɗannan tambayoyi shida suna fallasa waɗanda suka yi samfurin:
- Za ku iya nuna tsarin foda da ya dace da kayan daki na da kuma girmansa, sannan ku bayyana rabon haɗawar da za ku yi amfani da shi?
- Menene tsawon lokacin da aka rubuta na gyaran mold ɗin graphite a cikin haɗin walda, kuma wane yanayi ne wannan adadi yake ɗauka?
- Wace hukuma mai zaman kanta ce ta tantance kayan walda ɗinku — a gare mu amsar ita ce CEPRI — kuma za ku iya raba bayanin kimantawa?
- Ta yaya ake tattara foda da molds don jigilar kaya a teku — namu guda 10 ne a kowace akwati da akwati 10 a kowace kwali — kuma daga wace tashar jiragen ruwa kuke jigilar kaya?
- Wane irin ƙarfin samar da kayayyaki ne za ku iya ɗauka a rubuce - layinmu yana aiki da guda 100,000 a kowane wata - kuma menene ainihin lokacin da za ku ɗauka a lokacin da ake cikin yanayi mafi zafi?
- Shin kuna jigilar kayan aikin gaba ɗaya (bindiga mai ƙyalli, maƙallan hannu, safar hannu, goge) da bayanan tsaro da aka rubuta tare da umarnin farko, ko waɗannan ƙarin kayan layi ne?
A cikin kwarewata, masana'anta tana amsa waɗannan a cikin imel ɗaya, yayin da mai siyarwa ke tura su kuma ya dawo bayan kwana uku da zato.Saboda kayan walda na kariya daga cathodic suna da amfani a kusa da aminci akan kayayyakin more rayuwa da aka tsara, farashin amsar da ba daidai ba ba za a mayar da kuɗi ba ne - yaɗuwar da aka ƙi da kuma sake fasalin ma'aikata.
Takardu, Shiryawa, da Lokacin Gabatarwa: Ina Yadda Ake Shiga Da Umarni Ba Daidai Ba?
Bayan shekaru goma sha biyu na fitar da kayayyakin ƙasa da na waje, zan iya gaya muku gazawar da muke gani abin birgewa ne - kuma ina ɗaukar wannan labari mai daɗi, domin gazawar da ba ta da daɗi ana iya hana ta. Mun san foda tana shan danshi, don haka muna rufe kowace kwalba kafin ta bar layinmu kuma kwalaye dole ne su tsira daga tafiya mai danshi a cikin kwantena; ƙuraje suna da rauni, don haka suna buƙatar rabuwa da matashin kai a cikin kwalin; kuma muna tabbatar da cewa takardunmu suna ɗauke da sunayen kayayyaki ta yadda dillalin kwastam ɗinku da sashen QC na abokin cinikinku suka gane. Muna jigilar kaya daga Ningbo ko Shanghai, kuma ga masu shigo da kaya na farko ina bibiyar takardun tare da dillalin kafin jirgin ya tashi, ba bayan ya iso ba.
Shawarata ta ƙarshe ita ce yin tsari: fara yin odar gwaji, a haɗa kuma a raba haɗin gwajin ku, sannan a auna zuwa adadi mai yawa tare da ma'aunin sake yin oda wanda aka ƙididdige daga rayuwar ƙira maimakon zato. Idan kuna son sake duba RFQ ɗinku kafin ku aika wa kowa - har ma da mu - a aika shi. Ina so in gyara takamaiman bayani maimakon a aika da shi akan wanda ba shi da kyau.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi akai-akai
Shin ana karɓar walda ta waje don haɗin kariyar cathodic akan bututun mai?
Eh. Walda ta waje (thermit) hanya ce ta yau da kullun don haɗa jagororin gwaji, kebul na anode da wayoyin haɗin gwiwa zuwa bututun da aka binne saboda yana samar da haɗin kwayoyin halitta na dindindin ba tare da tushen wutar lantarki na waje ba. Bukatun tsarin CP suna ƙarƙashin AMPP/NACE SP0169 kuma, ga layukan ƙasashen waje, ISO 15589-2:2024; dindindin haɗin gwiwa yawanci ana ƙaddara shi akan IEEE 837.
Mene ne bambanci tsakanin foda na walda na thermit da kwararar walda ta thermit?
Foda ita ce cajin amsawa - cakuda jan ƙarfe oxide da aluminum wanda ke samar da narkakken jan ƙarfe don haɗin gwiwa. Ruwan yana tallafawa amsawar ta hanyar tsaftacewa da jika saman don haka haɗin jan ƙarfe ba tare da porosity ba. Dukansu ana cinye su sau ɗaya a kowace haɗin gwiwa, kuma duka biyun dole ne su dace da kayan jagora da girman da kuke walda.
Nawa ne walda ɗaya ta graphite mold take dawwama?
Tsawon lokacin aikinmu da aka yi rikodin a masana'anta shine haɗin walda 80-100 a kowace mold, idan aka yi la'akari da ajiyar busasshiyar ajiya da kuma kulawa da kyau. Molds da suka fashe ko suka zube da wuri yawanci alama ce ta ƙarancin graphite, rashin kulawa mai kyau, ko kuma fallasa danshi - kuma kowace mold da ta lalace tana ɓatar da ƙarfin foda da lokacin aiki na wannan haɗin.
Shin "CAD walda" yana nufin abu ɗaya da walda mai zafi?
A fannin amfani da filin, eh. "CAD Weld" ya samo asali ne daga sunan alamar Cadweld kuma ya zama kalmar aiki ta gama gari don walda mai zafi ko thermit. Lokacin da kake rubuta RFQ, ƙayyade tsarin gabaɗaya, kayan da girman jagora, da ƙa'idodi masu dacewa maimakon kowane sunan alama guda ɗaya - wanda ke sa farashin da ke tsakanin su ya zama iri ɗaya.
Me RFQ don kayan walda na kariya daga cathodic ya kamata ya ƙunsa?
Haɗa kayan jagora da kuma sashe na giciye, yanayin saman bututu (lebur, lanƙwasa, diamita), nau'in haɗin gwiwa, jimillar adadin haɗin gwiwa, ƙa'idodi masu dacewa (AMPP SP0169, ISO 15589-2, IEEE 837 kamar yadda ya dace), buƙatun marufi da tashar jiragen ruwa, da kuma ko kuna buƙatar cikakken saitin kayan aiki. Da zarar bayanan jagora sun yi daidai, da kuma yadda foda ɗin zai iya haɗuwa.
Ta yaya ake tattara foda na walda na thermit don fitarwa, kuma daga waɗanne tashoshin jiragen ruwa?
Kayan jigilar kaya na yau da kullun guda 10 ne a kowace akwati da kuma akwati 10 a kowace kwali, tare da kwalaben da aka rufe da danshi da kuma ƙura a cikin kwalin. Ana jigilar kaya daga Ningbo ko Shanghai, kuma ƙarfin samar da kayayyaki na masana'antarmu shine guda 100,000 a kowane wata, wanda ke rufe odar aikin ba tare da raba ayyukan samarwa ba.
Kana neman foda na walda mai zafi, molds ko flux don aikin bututun mai? Aiko mana da bayanai dalla-dalla game da na'urar aunawa da adadin haɗin gwiwa - za mu dawo da tsari mai dacewa, jadawalin amfani da bayanai game da fitarwa da kuma cikakkun bayanai game da takardu.
Jane Yang- Manajan tallace-tallace,Kudin hannun jari Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd.
Jane tana aiki a Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd., wata masana'anta ce da ke samar da kayayyakin ƙasa da tsarin walƙiya sama da shekaru 17. Ita manaja ce ta tallace-tallace tare da shekaru 12 na ƙwarewa a fannin kariyar walƙiya da kuma kasuwanci a ƙasashen waje, tana da ƙwarewa wajen tallafawa abokan ciniki na ƙasashen waje ta hanyar samo kayayyakin kariyar walƙiya da kuma kayayyakin ƙasa daga China - waɗanda suka shafi duba inganci, shirya kayayyaki da kuma cikakkun takardu na fitarwa. Hakanan tana iya taimakawa wajen siyan wasu kayayyaki masu alaƙa da wutar lantarki. Ƙwararru, abin dogaro kuma mai sauƙin sadarwa, a shirye take ta bayar da mafita ta siyayya ta tsayawa ɗaya.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-24-2026