I te hauwhā whakamutunga, i whai wāhi atu ahau ki tētahi arotake hoahoa mō tētahi pourewa noho 28-papa — ehara i te mea hei kaititiro, engari hei kaiwhakarato nāna te hua e tata ana te whakauru ki roto i ngā whakaritenga. I tahuri te kaitohutohu MEP ki te pepa tiaki uira, i titiro ki te tuhipoka a te taunga rererangi, ā, i pātai atu ki te rūma i tētahi pātai:"Kei te mahi tonu tēnei tokotoko i te mahi i tatauhia e tātou, he tohu noa iho rānei kei runga i te tuhi?"Kāore tetahi i whakautu mō ngā hēkona tekau. Kua mātakitaki ahau i taua wā puku i roto i ngā kaupapa i muri i ngā kaupapa, ā, koinei tonu te take i tuhia ai e au tēnei aratohu.
Anei te āhua arumoni e kitea ana e au mai i te taha wheketere:Kia tau te momo taunga rererangi ki roto i te whakatakotoranga, kua mutu te kōrero mō te waitohu o taua whare.Ka hokona e te kaiwhakatū te mea e ai ki te tuhi, ka whai ngā rahinga i te mahere o te tuanui, ā, ka tirohia e te miihini arotake te tutuki i ngā paerewa i whakahuatia e te kaitohutohu. Nō reira, ko ngā whakataunga i mahia i te tēpu tuhi — te taumata tiaki, te tikanga tiaki, ngā rauemi pito me te teitei o te whakairinga — koia ngā whakataunga nui. Ko ngā mea katoa e whai ake nei ko te hoko.
Tekau mā rua tau ahau e tuku ana i ngā taunga rererangi ki ngā kaupapa whare teitei, ā, ko ngā kaitohutohu e whiwhi whakaaetanga ma ana ka hanga i te whakatau i te ara kotahi. Kua whakarapopototia e au taua hanganga ki ngā wāhanga e whā.
Whakatikahia te taumata tiaki i mua i te pā atu ki tētahi whārangi hua
Mā ngā taumata tiaki IEC 62305 I–IV ka whakatakoto te radius o te porowhita hurihuri — 20, 30, 45 me te 60 mita ia — ā, ka riro i ia tātaitanga o raro taua tau. Ko ngā hōhipera me ngā pourewa he nui ngā raraunga ka tau ki te Taumata I, II rānei; ko ngā whare noho teitei paerewa ka tau ki te Taumata III, IV rānei. Mena he hē te taumata, kāore he taunga rererangi i runga i te whenua e whakaora i te hoahoa.
Kōwhiria te tikanga tiaki me te āta whakaaro, kaua e whai tikanga
Ko te tikanga koki tiaki 65-tohu (radius ≈ 2.14×h) he tikanga whakangawari e pai ana mō ngā teitei taurite. Neke atu i te 60 mita te roa, ka akiakihia e au ngā kaitohutohu katoa ki te tikanga porowhita hurihuri, nā te mea ka whakanuia pukutia e te tikanga koki te kapi i te mea ka piki haere te teitei. Ko te whakaranu i ngā tikanga i runga i te tuhi kotahi te arotake tino kitea e au.
Tauwhāitihia te pūnga mā te rauemi me te mahi, kaua mā te "tokotoko uira, 1 nama".
Kei roto i tētahi raina taunga rererangi kua tohua ngā rauemi (99% parahi parakore, maitai whakakikoruatia ki te parahi rānei), te whānui (12–15 mm), te roa (0.5/0.75 m, motuhake rānei ki te kaupapa), te kaha o te hau (neke atu i te 50 m/s mō ngā hanganga teitei) me ngā taipitopito o te whakairinga. Mā te panui "rakau uira" kotahi te rārangi ka tukuna te whakatau ki te kaitono iti rawa.
Tuhia te rohe pūnaha: te pito, te ara iahiko-ki raro, te whenua
Ka ārai noa te taunga hau. Me hono te tuhi ki ngā kaiārahi-ki raro me te mutunga whenua o te 10 ohms, neke atu rānei, me ngā wāhanga kua whakamatautauria ki te momo IEC 62561. He tohu herenga te taunga ataahua i runga i te ara pakaru, ehara i te pūnaha tiaki.
He aha te Wāhanga Tuhi e Whakatau ai i te Hokonga o te Whare Katoa?
E hiahia ana ahau kia kōrero tika mō tēnei, nā te mea he maha ngā tau i pau i ahau i te taha tuku kia mārama ai. Kia tae mai te tono utu ki taku pouakauru, kua oti kē ngā whakataunga whakamere. E mea ana te pire rahinga "te tokotoko taunga hau parahi, 14 mm, 0.75 m" nā te mea i tuhia taua rārangi e tētahi kaitohutohu i ētahi marama i mua.Nā te meaI te nuinga o ngā kaupapa, ka haere tonu ngā whakatakotoranga, mai i te whanaketanga o te hoahoa ki ngā tuhinga tono, ā, mā te tuhinga a te kaitohutohu e tohu te akomanga hua mō ia papa o te whare.
Koia anō te take e whakapau kaha ai ahau ki te whakautu i ngā pātai a ngā kaitohutohu mō te kore utu. Ina pātai mai tētahi whare hoahoa mēnā ka taea te tiaki i tētahi koki 65-tohu i runga i tētahi pourewa 90-mita te teitei, ehara i te mea he āwhina noa iho taku — kei te āwhina ahau ki te tuhi i tētahi rārangi ka hokona kia whā tekau, waru tekau, rua rau ngā wā. Mena ko koe te kaitohutohu e pānui ana i tēnei, kei roto i ō ringaringa te mana kotahi, ā, kāore he utu nui atu i te whiwhi i ngā rārangi e whā kia tika.
Ko te mahi a te mekameka penei: ko te taumata tiaki e whakatau ana i te āhua; ko te āhua e whakatau ana i te maha o ngā pito me te teitei; ko te rauemi me ngā taipitopito whakamau e whakatau ana i te mea ka tonoa.Nā te meaKa whakanuia e ia taahiraa te mea o mua, kāore e taea te whakatika i te rārangi tuatahi hē mā te whakamahi i ngā kupu o muri mai — ka uru te hapa ki ngā pito katoa o te tuanui.
He Porowhita Hurihuri, he Koki 65-Ngā Tohu rānei: Ko tēhea Tikanga e tika ana mō tētahi Tuhi Whare Teitei?
E whakamārama mārama ana tā mātou rārangi i te koki tiaki — 65 nekehanga, me te radius tiaki e rite ana ki te 2.14 ngā wā o te teitei o te tokotoko. He āhua ahupūngao tika taua tatauranga mō te tikanga koki tiaki, ā, i runga i tētahi poraka e rima ngā papa, kāore he tautohetohe ki a ia. Engari e kī ana ahau ki ngā kaitohutohu kia kaua e kaweake ki ngā mahi whare teitei, ā, koinei taku whakaaro.
E whakaaro ana te tikanga koki ka tipu haere te rohe tiakina i runga i te teitei. Ko te tikanga porowhita hurihuri — te pūtake oIEC 62305-1— kāore: ka hurihia he porowhita he 20, 30, 45, 60 mita rānei te roa ki runga i te hanganga, ā, ka tiakina ngā mea katoa e kore e taea e te porowhita te pā atu.Nā te meaKa papatahi te toronga o te porowhita i te pikinga ake o te tokotoko e pā ana ki te pūtoro porowhita, ka rua te teitei o te pou, kāore e tata ki te rua te pūtoro tiaki. Kei te hangaia e tētahi kaitohutohu e piki ana i te ture 2.14×h ki runga i tētahi mata 100-mita te roa, he parenga kāore e tautokona ana e te āhuahanga.
| Tikanga | Te whakahaere i te āhuahanga | Te taunga pai rawa atu | Whakatau mō ngā whare teitei |
|---|---|---|---|
| Koki tiaki (65°) | Pūtoro ≈ 2.14 × teitei o te tokotoko | He tuanui iti, he tuanui māmā, he toronga iti | Kia tūpato te whakamahinga; me whakanui rawa te taupoki i runga ake i te ~60 m |
| Porowhita hurihuri | Porowhita r = 20/30/45/60 m mā te taumata tiaki | Ahakoa te hanganga, ahakoa te teitei; ko te taunoa arotake-hoahoa | Tikanga tuatahi kua tūtohutia |
| Tikanga mata | Rahi o te mata 5×5 m ki te 20×20 m mā te taumata | Ngā papa tuanui papatahi, ngā ara iahiko parepare | Whakakotahitia ki ngā tokotoko i ngā kokonga me ngā rohe whakato |
I runga i ngā pourewa tūturu, kāore au i te kite i tētahi tikanga kotahi anake. Ko te tauira toa i roto i ngā kaupapa e tukuna ana e mātou he arai mata huri noa i te parepare, ngā taunga hau i ngā kokonga me te tipu teitei rawa, me te manatoko porowhita hurihuri o te whakaritenga katoa - ko te huarahi paparanga tonu.IEC 62305-3he whakaahua mō te pūnaha tiaki tinana.
Kotahi te tikanga e taunaki ana ahau ki ngā whare hoahoa katoa e mahi tahi ana ahau: kia mau ki tētahi tauākī tikanga kotahi-whārangi i te taha o te tuhi e tuhi ana i te taumata tiaki, te tikanga whakanoho i whiriwhiria me te radius porowhita i whakamahia. Ina paahitia te kaupapa i roto i te hangarau uara - ā, ka mahia - ko taua whārangi te mea e aukati ana i tētahi kairūri rahinga whai whakaaro pai ki te whakawhiti i te akomanga whakamutunga me te kore e whakahaere anō i te āhuahanga. Kua kite ahau i tētahi whakakapinga kotahi kāore i tuhia e whakaiti ana i te hipoki o te tuanui, i kitea i te whakamātautau tukunga anake, ā, ko te utu mahi anō i nui ake i ngā mea katoa i penapenahia e te whakawhiti. Ko ngā meneti tekau e pau ana i taua whārangi i te tēpu tuhi ko ngā inihua iti rawa i roto i te mōkihi tiaki uira katoa.
He aha ngā mea e tika ana kia kīia e te Raina Whakatakotoranga o te Taunga Rererangi?
Ina arotakehia e au ngā tuhinga tuku tono, ko te wāhanga ngoikore rawa ko te raina taunga rererangi tonu. "He tokotoko uira, kua oti, kotahi te rota" kāore e kōrero ki te kaitono i tetahi mea, ā, e tiaki ana i te rangatira mai i te kore. Ko te raina e ora ana i te arotake hangarau uara me te hoahoa e ono ngā mara, ā, kua mātakitaki ahau i ngā kaiarotake e tirotiro ana i ia mea:
| Mara | Tauira whakauru | He aha te take e aro nui ai te kaiarotake |
|---|---|---|
| Rauemi | 99% te parahi parakore, te maitai parahi rānei, ina koa he tahae, he tahua rānei te ture | Te roa o te waikura me te hototahitanga o te konupūmā ki te pūnaha tuanui |
| Diameter | 12 / 13 / 13.5 / 14 / 15 mm | Te pakari ā-mīhini me te wāhanga whakawhiti e kawe ana i te iahiko |
| Roa | 0.5 m / 0.75 m, mō te kaupapa motuhake rānei | Ka whakatakoto i te teitei o te pito i whakaarohia e te tataunga mokowā |
| Pūtake tiaki | Porowhita hurihuri, Taumata III (r = 45 m) | Ka maukati i te āhuahanga i tirohia ai ia tūranga pūrua |
| Te whakatauranga o te hau | Te tere hau ātete neke atu i te 50 m/s | Ka kite ngā tuanui teitei i te hau tūturu; ka neke puku te pito o te tuanui piko |
| Paerewa wāhanga | Whakamātauria te momo kiIEC 62561-2 | E whakaatu ana ka ora te pito i te whiu i hangaia hei ārai |
Mātakitakihia te mea e ngaro ana i taua ripanga: he ingoa waitohu. E kī ana ahau i tēnei hei kaihanga — mā te whakatakotoranga pai ka whakahuatia te mahi, ā, ka taea e ngā waitohu te whakataetae i runga i ngā taunakitanga.Nā te meaKo te rārangi whakatakotoranga e tautuhi ana i ngā tiwhikete whakamātautau, te whakapuakitanga rauemi me te whakatauranga hau me whakaputa e te kaitono toa, ka tātarihia ngā kaiwhakarato me te pono ake i tētahi atu rārangi poto. Mena e hiahia ana koe ki ā mātoutokotoko taunga hau parahingā pepa raraunga hei tohutoro hōputu mō tāu ake tauira whakaritenga, ka tukuna atu e au ki ngā kaitohutohu mēnā ka tonoa mai.
Parahi Parakore, Rino Parahi, Ngira Kotahi rānei: Me Pēhea te Hononga o ngā Rauemi ki ngā Akomanga Kaupapa?
Ko ngā rauemi te wāhi e kite ai au i ngā kaitohutohu e nui rawa ana te whakaritenga, e iti ana hoki te whakaritenga i roto i te mehua ōrite, nō reira me hoatu e au te mahere e whakamahia ana e au ina pātai tika mai tētahi whare hoahoa ki ahau.
99% parahi parakore— tō mātoutokotoko parahi parakore kotahi-ngirako te kōwhiringa tohutoro — ka whiwhi i tōna tūranga i roto i ngā pourewa rongonui, ngā kaupapa takutai moana me ngā wāhi katoa e hiahia ana te kaitohutohu he kōrero waikura neke atu i te 30 tau me te iti o ngā kupu tiaki. He nui ake te utu, ā, i runga i tētahi whare rongonui, ko te tuanui te wāhi whakamutunga hei penapena moni.Rino whakakikoruatia ki te parahi— pērā i tā mātou paerewatokotoko uira parahi— ka hoatu ki a koe te whanonga o te mata parahi ki runga i te matua maitai e ātete ana ki te piko me te tahae noa, ā, koinei te taunoa pono mō ngā whare teitei noho nui. Ko tāku e whakahē nei ko ngā pito "tae parahi" kāore i tohua i runga i ngā kaupapa whakatakotoranga-ā-taunoa: ki te kore te tuhi e kī he aha te mea i hangaia ai te tokotoko, ka whiwhi te papa i te mea iti rawa te utu i taua marama.
Tētahi atu āhuatanga mō ngā whare teitei: i ngā teitei e tata ana ki te 200 mita — te rohe o runga e whakatauria ana ā mātou tokotoko — e whakaaro ana ahau ki ngā whakatikatika miihini me te whanonga hau hei taonga whakatakotoranga tuatahi, ehara i te mea he taputapu tāpiri. Nā te tauranga e piko ana i te 40 m/s kua hurihia te āhua o tō tatau porowhita hurihuri, ā, kāore he tangata e whakahaere anō i ngā tau i muri i te tupuhi.
He taunga hau parahi teitei me ngā turanga nohoanga. Mō ngā tuanui teitei, ko te taipitopito whakapiri me te whakatauranga hau e tika ana kia rite ki te rārangi o te tokotoko tonu.He aha ngā mea ka tirohia e te Kaiarotake i te wā e whakaaetia ai te Hoahoa?
He rerekē ngā arotake whakaaetanga i runga i te mākete, engari i muri i te 12 tau o te tautoko i ngā tukunga ka taea e au te matapae i ngā pātai e whā me te māia. Tuatahi:Ko tēhea taumata tiaki, ā, kei hea te aromatawai mōrearea e whakamana ana i tēnei?Tuarua:Ko tēhea tikanga whakatakotoranga, ā, e whakaatuhia ana e te tuhi te hanganga o te porowhita, te koki rānei?Tuatoru:kua whakamatautauria ngā momo wāhanga— te huinga tiwhikete IEC 62561 —he whakaahua noa iho rānei?Tuawhā:Ka tae atu te mekameka whakamutunga ki tētahi whenua e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga?I roto i ngā whakatakotoranga i awehia e Amerika-Te-Raki, ka tae mai ngā pātai e whā e mau ana i teNFPA 780papakupu hei utu mō te papakupu IEC; ko te hangarau he kōrero anō.
Kei te pupuri tonu ahau i tētahi tono pumau mō ngā whare hoahoa: tukua mai te mahere tuanui me te taumata tiaki, ā, ka whakahokia mai e ahau he tahora pito kua tohua me te tatauranga mokowā e whakaaturia ana — ko te tatauranga ōrite i roto i te āwhina i runga ake nei. Kua ārahi kē mātou i ngā kaipupuri whare i roto i ngā kaupapa matua i roto i tā mātou whakamārama mōme pēhea te tiaki a ngā rakau uira i tētahi whare; ko te putanga kaitohutohu o taua kōrerorero ko tēnei tuhinga, me ngā pāngarau i waihotia ki roto. Mō ngā pourewa e whakaaro ana ki ngā teihana tukunga-awa-mua hei utu mō ngā tokotoko tuku iho, ko taku whakataurite iTe pūtoro tiaki, te utu me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga a te ESE me Frankline kapi ana i taua peka o te whakatau, ā, kei roto i tā mātou te whānuitanga katoakāwai tokotoko uira.
Ko te whānau taunga rererangi e whiriwhiria ana e te kaitohutohu: ngā tokotoko parahi ngira kotahi, ngā taunga maha-pito me ngā pane ESE — ia mea he akomanga kaupapa tiaki.Ngā Pātai Auau
Ka taea e au te whakaranu i ngā tikanga porowhita hurihuri me ngā tikanga koki tiaki ki te tuhi kotahi?
Kāore au i te tohutohu i tēnei. He rite tonu ia tikanga ā-roto, engari mā te whakaranu i ēnei tikanga ka kore e taea te arotake i ngā kereme kapinga. Kōwhiria te porowhita hurihuri hei tikanga kaupapa, ā, whakamahia te koki 65-tohu hei tirotiro i te hauora o ngā whare tāpiri iti.
He pai ake rānei te whakamahi i te taunga rererangi teitei ake i runga i te tuanui teitei?
Kāo. Mō te papa o te tuanui, ko te āhua porowhita te tikanga kua kapi kē te rākau 0.75 m i tētahi radius whai hua; mā te teitei ake ka iti ake te taupoki, ka tāpirihia he kaha hau me te pānga tirohanga. Ka noho te teitei ki runga ake i ngā rohe me ngā kokonga o te tipu, ehara i te mea hei whakapai ake i te paraikete.
Āhea te wā e tika ai te whakamahi i te tauranga ESE i runga i te whare teitei hei utu mō ngā tokotoko noa?
Ina nui te tapuwae o te tuanui e pā ana ki te maha o ngā pou e taea ana e te hoahoanga te whakaae, ina hiahia rānei te kiritaki kia kotahi te pane e hipoki ana i te puranga o te tūāpapa me te pourewa. Ka tatauhia e ngā pane ESE te radius me te tātai NF C 17-102 me te ahunga whakamua kua whakamatautauria; he māmā ake ngā tokotoko tuku iho, he iti ake te utu mō ia pūwāhi, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he hiko. He pai te tiaki i ngā mea e rua — ko te marau e pā ana ki te āhua me te hiahia tiaki, ehara i te ahua.
Me whai whenua motuhake te taunga rererangi parahi, kāore rānei e taea te whakamahi tahi i te whenua o te whare?
Ko te whenua honohono, te whakautu tika i roto i te mahi IEC 62305 me te NFPA 780 — ka hono te pito whenua tiaki uira ki te pūnaha ōrite o te whare. Mā te "whenua uira" motuhake, motuhake ka hangaia ngā rerekētanga pūmanawa ka kino ai ngā taputapu i te wā e pā ana.
He aha te whānui me whakamahi noa ina kāore he whiringa a te kaihanga hanganga?
Ko te parahi parakore 14 mm, ko te maitai whakakikoruatia ki te parahi rānei taku tūtohutanga taunoa mō ngā mahi teitei: he pakari mō te roa kore utu o te tuanui 0.75 m i raro i te hau o te tuanui, he pai te whakawhiti o te au, ā, he rahi whakaputa paerewa kaua ki te rahi motuhake. Whakahekea ki te 12 mm anake mō ngā whare tāpiri iti e tiakina ana.
E hia ngā taunga e hiahiatia ana mō tētahi tuanui pourewa noa?
Whakahaerehia te āwhina i runga ake i ia taha o te tuanui me te rohe tipu — ko te tatau tuatahi-haerenga kei roto i te tekau ōrau o te tahora whakamutunga. Ko ngā kokonga me te tipu teitei rawa e tata ana ki te noho i tētahi pito ahakoa te nui o te tawhiti e whakaaetia ana e te tatauranga, ā, ka whakakīia te parepare i waenganui i a rātou e te arataki mata.
Tukuna te Mahere Tuanui. Whakahokia mai te Tahora Tauranga Kua Tohua.
Te teitei o te whare, te mahere tuanui me te taumata tiaki ūnga — koinā anake taku e hiahia ana. I roto i ngā rā mahi e rua ka whiwhi koe i tētahi tahora pūrua me ngā tatauranga porowhita hurihuri e whakaaturia ana, he raina hua kua rite ki ngā whakatakotoranga, me ngā tohutoro tiwhikete whakamātautau IEC 62561 ka tonoa e tō arotake.
Tekau mā rua tau ahau e mahi ana i te tiaki uira me te whakatū whenua mō te hokohoko ki tāwāhi, ko te nuinga o ngā mahi he waea atu ki ngā kaitohutohu MEP me ngā whare hoahoa i te wā tonu e tuhia ana te raina taunga rererangi ki roto i tētahi whakatakotoranga. Ko te tēpu tuhi te wāhi e taea ai te wikitoria, te hinga rānei i te tiaki uira pai, ā, koinei te kōrero e tino pai ana ki ahau.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-22-2026