I te hauwhā whakamutunga, i noho ahau ki tētahi arotake tono i reira i tuhia ai e te kaitohutohu MEP tētahi rārangi i whakatau i ngā mea katoa: "Te whakamutu hau: momo ESE, pou kotahi, rarangi Franklin tikanga rānei - ko te kaiwhakatū he tono me ngā tātaitanga." I ngaro te wāhi i ngā kaiwhakatū i tono matapo; ko te tangata i hikoi i roto i te pāngarau radius, te mahere paerewa me te hanganga utu i toa i te kōrero whakatakotoranga i mua i te kōrerohia o te utu. Ko taua rārangi i roto i tētahi whakatakotoranga te pātai e whakautua ana e tēnei tuhinga. Ko te aukati tukunga awaawa (ESE) o mua me te tokotoko Franklin tikanga e rua e mutu ana ki te whenua kotahi, engari ka tae atu rātou ki reira mā te ahupūngao rerekē: ka tatari noa te pito Franklin mō te kaiārahi hikoi me te tiaki i tētahi koeko kua tautuhia e tōna teitei - ka mahi ā mātou tokotoko ngira kotahi parahi parakore 99% ki te koki tiaki 65° me te radius o 2.14×(h−hx) — i te mea ka tukuna e te pane ESE he awa whakarunga i mua i te pūwāhi kore mahi, ka tere ake te tūtaki ki te kaiārahi whakararo, ā, ka tiakina he radius e tipu haere ana me tōna painga wā whakaoho. Ko te kōwhiringa i waenganui i a rātou e whakatau ana i te maha o ngā pou ka hokona e koe, ko tēhea te paerewa e whakahuatia ana e tō hoahoa, me te āhua o tō tuanui mō ngā tau toru tekau e whai ake nei. Anei te whakataurite i a au e ārahi ana i ngā kaitohutohu mā roto.
- Te hopu:kaha — ka whakatairangahia te tukunga awaawa wawe e te kaiārahi ki runga mā te painga wā-whakaoho (akomanga ΔT)
- Pūtake radius:Tātai pūtoro momo NF C 17-102, ka tipu me te ΔT me te teitei o te pou
- Te tahora noa:kotahi te pou e hipoki ana i te tapuwae whānui
- Ngā tuhinga:Pūrongo whakamātautau ΔT + kōnae tutuki paerewa mō ia waeine
- Te hopu:kore mahi - e tatari ana te taunga rererangi māmā mō te kaiārahi hikoi
- Pūtake radius:koki tiaki / porowhita hurihuri; ā mātou tokotoko: 65°, r = 2.14×(h−hx)
- Te tahora noa:he maha ngā tokotoko + ngā ara iahiko mata puta noa i te tuanui
- Ngā tuhinga:ngā tiwhikete rauemi; kua whakamātauhia te āhuahanga mā te tātaitanga hoahoa
Ngā Hangarau e Rua, Kotahi te Āwhā: Te Āhua o te Ārai i te Pānga e Ia Pūrere
He whakataetae i waenganui i ngā kaiārahi te pānga o te uira ki tētahi hanganga. Ka whakatata mai te kaiārahi e heke ana i te kapua; ka ara ake ngā awaawa ki runga mai i tētahi āhua koi e tukuna ana e te tuanui. Ko te tokotoko Franklin te kaiwhakataetae pono me te kore e aro ki taua whakataetae: he pūwāhi pumau e whakaatu ana i te āhua whakarewatanga tino ātaahua ki runga i te hanganga, ā, ka toa i te whakapiringa ki roto i tētahi koeko tiaki. He pakari te ahupūngao, he āhua te pāngarau, ā, he ātaahua te hua nā te hanganga - kei a mātou tokotoko parahi ngira-kotahi te huinga whakatakotoranga matarohia: te teitei o te tokotoko hau ki te 200 m, he koki tiaki 65°, he radius rite 2.14×(h−hx), te pikinga o te au i raro i te 5 kA, te au tukunga toharite i raro i te 7 kA, me te ātete whenua i raro i te 10 Ω.
Ka takaro te pūmau ESE i te reihi kotahi me te tīmatanga tere. Kei roto i tōna upoko he taputapu whakaoho e whakarewa ana i te rerenga ki runga tekau mā irohekona i mua atu i te pūwāhi kore mahi i te teitei kotahi,nā te meaMā te tūtaki ki te kaiārahi e heke ana i runga ake, ka whānui ake te rohe tiaki i runga i te whenua. Ko te painga o te wā whakaoho - ΔT, i inehia i roto i te taiwhanga ngaohiko teitei ki te tokotoko tohutoro - koinei te tau kotahi e mau ana te whakaaro uara ESE katoa, ā, koia ahau i kī atu ai ki ngā kaitohutohu he tokotoko Franklin utu nui noa iho te waeine ESE kāore he pūrongo whakamātautau ΔT pono me te hokohoko. Ka hipokina e mātou te taha tuhinga i roto i tā mātou aratohu hoa mōngā tuhinga whakamana e tonoa ana e ngā tikanga me ngā kaiinihua, ā, ka wetewetehia te paerewa tonu i roto itā mātou whakamārama mō te NF C 17-102; ka noho tonu tēnei tuhinga ki te whakataurite hangarau.
Te Pūtoro Parenga i roto i ngā Tau: Kia Pēhea te Tawhiti e Tae Atu ai ia Tokotoko?
Ko te pāngarau pūtoro te wāhi e mutu ai te noho hei rapunga whakaaro o ngā hangarau e rua, engari ka noho hei tahora. He mārama te tatau a Franklin: me te koki tiaki 65°, ka tiakina e te tokotoko tōna pito e h mita i runga ake i te whenua te pūtoro o te 2.14×(h−hx) i te taumata tiaki hx— te āhuahanga ka taea e koe te manatoko ki te pene. Ko te tātaitanga ESE, i raro i te whānau tātai NF C 17-102, ka tāpiri i te kupu ΔT ki te āhuahanga porowhita hurihuri, kia tiakina ai te pūtoro nui ake e te teitei pou kotahi — ko te nui ake e whakawhirinaki ana ki te akomanga ΔT me te taumata tiaki e hiahiatia ana e te kaupapa mō iaIEC 62305-1Ka whakahaerehia e au ngā huinga tau e rua mō te tuanui tuturu o te kiritaki i mua i te tūtohu i tētahi o ēnei,nā te meaHe mea nui te āputa radius i waenga i ngā hangarau mō ngā tapuwae papatahi nui, ā, kāore e tino pāngia mō tētahi hanganga roa, whaiti hoki e tata ana te tauranga ki ngā mea katoa e tiakina ana e ia.
Tātaitai pūtoro tiaki tokotoko Franklin
Whakauruhia te teitei o te pito o te tokotoko i runga ake i te whenua me te teitei o te taumata me tiaki e koe. E whakamahi ana i te āhua koki tiaki 65° (r = 2.14 × (h − hx)) mai i tā mātou whakatakotoranga tokotoko tuku iho. Ka tauinehia hoki te radius ESE me te akomanga ΔT o te waeine — tukua mai te tuhi tuanui mō taua tatau.
I te teitei o te pito 20 m i te taumata tiaki 0 m, ko te radius 65° ko≈42.8 m. Me whai tokotoko, me whai mata whatu rānei te whare whānui atu i tēnei — me whai tatau pou ESE rānei mā te whakamahi i te akomanga ΔT o te waeine, e whakamahia ana mai i te tuhi o tō tuanui.
Kotahi te whakatūpato pono e tika ana kia mahia i konei: Ko te pai o ngā kereme mō te radius ESE he rite tonu ki te ΔT kei muri i a rātou, ā, kei roto i te mākete ngā upoko e kore e ora ā rātou tuhinga taiwhanga i te waeatanga a te kaitohutohu ki te taiwhanga.Nā te meaKa whakanuia e te tātai pūtoro te ΔT ki roto i ngā mita o te kapinga i kīia, ka huri te wā whakaoho nui rawa hei wāhi tiaki nui rawa i runga i tō tuhi — koia te take e whai mana rua ai te tikanga manatoko mai i tā mātou aratohu tiwhikete: pātai atu mō te taiwhanga, te tau pūrongo, me te whakatairite i te tokotoko tohutoro, ā, tirohia katoatia ngā mea e toru.
Te Mahere Whakatutukitanga: Ko tēhea Paerewa e Whakahaere ana i tēhea Pūnaha Whakamutunga?
Kāore ngā kaituhi whakatakotoranga e whiriwhiri i te ahupūngao mā te hiahia; ka whiriwhiria e rātou te paerewa e mōhiotia ana e tō rātou mana whakahaere, e mōhiotia ana e te kiritaki me te kaiinihua, ā, mā te paerewa e whiriwhiri te ahupūngao. Ko te mahere e hoatu ana e au ki ngā kaitohutohu: kei roto tonu ngā pūnaha Franklin tuku iho.IEC 62305-1meIEC 62305-3rohe — koki tiaki, porowhita hurihuri me ngā tikanga mata — meNFPA 780e kapi ana i te rapunga whakaaro taurite i roto i te mahi a Amerika Te Raki. Ko ngā pūnaha ESE e whakahaerehia ana e tō rātou ake whānau paerewa ā-motu, ko te NF C 17-102 te tuhinga tohutoro e whakahuatia ana e te nuinga o ngā kaupapa o te Moana-a-Kiwa, o Awherika me te reo Pākehā; kei roto i ngā whakaritenga taumata-wāhanga mō ngā taputapu whakamutu hau.IEC 62561-2me ōna tuākana/teina.Nā te meaHe rerekē ngā ine a ngā whānau paerewa e rua, he whakatakotoranga e whakaranu ana i ā rāua papakupu — te tono i tētahi upoko ESE kia whakamatau i a ia anō i roto i ngā kupu porowhita hurihuri, i tētahi rarangi Franklin rānei kia tuku i tētahi pūrongo ΔT — ka puta he tono pōhēhē me ngā kirimana kāore e taea te whakamana. Tuhia te paerewa i te tuatahi; ka whai ake ko te hua.
Kotahi te kōrero whai hua mai i te tēpu kaweake: he maha ngā kaupapa i roto i tā mātou pukapuka tono e kī ana ko IEC 62305 mō te hoahoa LPS whānui, ā, e whakaae ana ki ngā taunga ESE i raro i te paerewa ESE a te whenua kaupapa mō te whakamutu hau — he momo ranu e mahi ana ina kīia māramatia ana e te whakatakotoranga, ā, kāore e angitu hei whakaaro. Ā, ahakoa te huarahi e haerehia ana e te hoahoa, ka whakautu te taunga whenua i raro i ngā kaiārahi ki raro ki te kaupapa whenua kotahi i runga i ngā pūnaha e rua; ko tā mātoutirohanga whānui mō te tiaki uira i te wharee kapi ana i te mahi a te tauranga hau, ngā hiko whakararo me te whenua hei mekameka kotahi.
Te Whakataurite Pono i ngā Utu: Kei hea te Whakapaunga o tō Tahua Kaupapa e Ia Pūnaha?
Kāore au e whakahua i ngā utu i roto i tēnei tuhinga — ka neke haere ēnei me ngā mākete parahi, te whānuitanga o te kaupapa me te rohe, ā, ko tētahi tau kua whakaritea kua tāia ki konei ka whakapohehe i roto i te wā kotahi. Ko te mea kāore e neke ko te hanganga utu, ā, ko te hanganga te mea me whakataurite e te kaitohutohu. Ka horahia e te pūnaha Franklin āna whakapaunga puta noa i te maha o ngā wāhi: he maha ngā taunga rererangi, he maha ngā tūranga pou, he mata arahi tuanui, he whakapiri me te mahi hei tāuta me te here i te katoa — he iti noa ia wāhanga, ko te tapeke e peia ana e te tatau me te uaua o te tuanui. Ka arotahi te pūnaha ESE i āna whakapaunga: kotahi te pane hangarau me ngā hiko kua whakamanahia, kotahi te pou me tōna turanga me te hoahoa uta hau, me te kete tuhinga — he iti ake ngā wāhanga, engari he taumaha ake te ihirangi hangarau o ia wāhanga.Nā te meaKa tauinehia te utu o Franklin me te horahanga o te tuanui, ko te utu o ESE me te hangarau o ngā pou, ka piko te hanganga ki te ESE e ngā tapuwae papatahi nui, ā, ka piko te hanganga ki Franklin e ngā tuanui iti, matatini rānei.
| Ahu | ESE Pūmau Uira | Te Rākau Franklin Tikanga | Ngā Whakatakotoranga Hua |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tikanga hopu | Tukunga awa tere kaha, kua whakamanahia te akomanga ΔT e te whakamātautau taiwhanga | Te taunga rererangi kore mahi, te kukume e hangai ana ki te āhuahanga | Me tapa te pūrongo ΔT e ngā whakaritenga ESE; me tapa te tikanga āhuahanga e ngā whakaritenga Franklin. |
| Te pūtoro tiaki | Ka tipu te tātai radius me te ΔT me te teitei; ka taupokina e te pou kotahi ngā tapuwae whānui | Koki 65° / porowhita hurihuri; ā mātou tokotoko r = 2.14×(h−hx) | Ngā tuanui papatahi nunui: he iti ake ngā pou ESE; ngā tuanui uaua: he pai ake pea te uru o te mata Franklin |
| Te tatau taputapu i runga i te tuanui | Kotahi te pane + pou + ngā kaiārahi heke | He maha ngā tokotoko + ngā kaiārahi mata + ngā whakapiri | Ko te ataahua me te maha o ngā tuanui e uru ana ki te tuanui e pai ana ki a ESE; ko te maha o ngā tuanui e pai ana ki a Franklin |
| Ngā paerewa whakahaere | Whānau NF C 17-102; ngā wāhanga e ai ki te IEC 62561-2 | IEC 62305-1/-3; NFPA 780 | Tuhia te paerewa ki roto i te tono i mua i te whakaingoa i te hua |
| Manatoko i te tukunga | Pūrongo ΔT mō ia waeine + tirotiro tāutanga + whakamātautau whenua | Tirotiro āhuahanga hoahoa + whakamātautau haere tonu me te whenua | Ka mutu ngā mea e rua i te ātete whenua kotahi |
| Hanganga utu (kounga) | Kua arotahi: upoko whaimana, hangarau pou, tuhinga | Tohatoha: te maha o ngā pūrua, ngā oma a te kaiārahi, ngā hāora mahi | Whakatauritehia te hanganga katoa kua tāutahia, kaua ngā utu mō ia wae |
Te Pono i roto i ngā Tekau Tau: Mā Wai e Pupuri te Aha i runga i Ia Pūnaha?
He rerekē ngā momo tiaki, ehara i te mea kei roto. Kāore he hikohiko o te Franklin array, ā, kāore he mea hei whakatikatika; ko te tiaki he tirotiro - te waikura i ngā hononga, te haere tonu o te ara iahiko, ngā whakapiringa i muri i ngā awha - me te whakamātautau ātete whenua i ia wā. Ka tāpirihia e te pane ESE tētahi pātai: kei te ora tonu te taputapu whakaoho? He hiri, he motuhake hoki ngā pane ESE kounga teitei, kāore he hiko o waho, ā, ka tukuna ā mātou i roto i ngā kātene rakau kaweake mō te haerenga e mahia ana e rātou, engari ko te tikanga ngaio he tirotiro mahi i ia wā i ia wā a te kaihanga me te mahinga tirotiro rite tonu ki tētahi atu pūrua.Nā te meaMena ka heke puku te pane ESE kua mate ki te tokotoko kore mahi, me whakauru mārama te tirotiro mahi ki roto i te mahere tiaki — kua tuhia ki roto i te pukapuka O&M, kaua e waiho hei whakaaro noa iho. Ka riro mai hoki i tētahi pūnaha te rārangi tiaki o te pito whenua, koia mātou e tuku ana i ngā hangarau e rua me ngā rauemi whenua e tukuna ana e rātou.
Te Tuhi i te Whakatakotoranga: Me pēhea te Kōwhiri me te kore e pouri?
Ko te raupapa whakatau ka hoatu e au ki ngā kaitohutohu, kia rite ki:
- Whakatikahia te paerewa whakahaere i te tuatahi— IEC 62305/NFPA 780 mō te hoahoa kore mahi, te paerewa ESE ā-motu a te kaupapa mō te hoahoa hohe, he momo ranu motuhake rānei.
- Tuhia te āhua tiaki i runga i te tuanui tuturu— whakahaerehia te pūtoro Franklin (65°/2.14×(h−hx)) me te pūtoro ESE mō te akomanga ΔT kua whakaarohia; mā te tuhi, ehara i te pukapuka iti, e whiriwhiri te toa.
- Tatauhia te mea ka whakatakotoria ki runga i te tuanui e ia hoahoa— ngā pūrua, ngā pou, ngā ara iahiko, ngā urunga — ā, me whakaaro ki ngā āhuatanga ataahua me ngā pānga ārai wai ki te whakatau.
- Tuhia ngā tuhinga whakamana ki roto i te tono— Pūrongo ΔT mō ia wae ESE, tiwhikete rauemi mō ia tokotoko, whakaaetanga ātete-whenua mō ngā mea e rua.
- Tata ki te whenua— Whakahuatia te ātete whenua (ka mahi ā mātou whakaritenga tokotoko tuku iho ki raro i te 10 Ω) me te hoahoa hiko, nā te mea he pai noa iho ngā hangarau e rua i runga i te whenua.
Kei roto i tā mātou awhe whakaputa ngā huarahi e rua: teESE ārai uirae ai ki tana kete tuhinga, te99% te parahi parakore, he tokotoko uira ngira-kotahimetokotoko taunga hau parahimō ngā rarangi tikanga, katoa i raro i teKāwai ārai uira ESE me ngā tokotoko uiraTukuna mai te tuhi o te tuanui me te taumata tiaki e hiahiatia ana e tō kaupapa, ā, ka whakahokia mai e mātou ngā tataunga pūtoro e rua me te rārangi rauemi mō ia mea — ko te whakatairite kotahi e whakaahuahia ana e tēnei tuhinga, i mahia ki tō whare tuturu.
Ngā Pātai Auau: Ngā Pātai a ngā Kaitohutohu MEP i mua i te Tuhi i te Raina Whakamutu-Hau
He whakahoutanga hokohoko noa iho rānei te tokotoko hopu ESE o te tokotoko Franklin?
Kāo — engari mēnā he pono tōna painga wā whakaoho. Ka tukuna e te pane ESE whaimana te rerenga ki runga tekau mā irohekona i mua atu i te pūwāhi kore mahi, e whānui ake ai te radius tiakina i raro i te tātai NF C 17-102. Ko te waeine kāore he pūrongo taiwhanga ΔT pono ka mahi hei tokotoko kore mahi ahakoa tōna āhua, nō reira ko te pūrongo te hangarau.
Me pēhea te tatau i te radius tiaki tokotoko Franklin?
Me te koki tiaki 65°, ko te radius i te taumata tiaki hxhe rite ki te 2.14×(h−hx), ko h te teitei o te pito o te tokotoko — te whakatakotoranga i hangaia ai ā mātou tokotoko parahi tikanga. Ko ngā tikanga porowhita hurihuri me te mata IEC 62305 e tuku ana i ngā āhuahanga rerekē mō te rapunga whakaaro kore mahi kotahi; whakaingoatia te tikanga e whakamahia ana e tō hoahoa i roto i te whakatakotoranga.
Mā te whiriwhiri i te ESE ka kore e hiahiatia ngā hiko whakararo me te whenua?
Kāore rawa. Ka whakapai ake te pane ESE i te aukati i te tihi anake; ka haere tonu te kaha patu ki raro i ngā kaiārahi ki te pito whenua, me tutuki i ēnei ngā whāinga ātete rite tonu ki tētahi LPS. Ko ngā kereme katoa mō tētahi pūnaha ESE kore-kaiārahi-ki-raro me whakaaro he haki whero whakatakotoranga.
Ko tēhea hangarau he iti ake te utu mō tētahi whare arumoni noa?
Kei te hanganga te tikanga, ehara i te utu kotahi. Ka pau te moni i ngā pūnaha Franklin puta noa i ngā pito maha, te mata arataki me te mahi; ka arotahi ngā pūnaha ESE ki te whakapaunga moni ki te pane kotahi kua whakamanahia, ki te pou kotahi kua hangaia me ōna tuhinga. He maha ngā wā ka pai ake ngā tuanui papatahi nui ki te pou kotahi o te ESE; he maha ngā wā ka pai ake ngā tuanui iti, ngā tuanui uaua rānei ki te hanganga Franklin. Whakatauritehia te hanganga katoa kua tāutahia ki te tuhi tuturu.
Ka taea e tētahi kaupapa te whakakotahi i ngā pūrua ESE me Franklin?
Ae, ā, he mea noa ngā hoahoa ranu ina he rerekē ngā āhuahanga o ngā rohe tuanui rerekē — mena ka whakamāramahia te paerewa whakahaere mō ia rohe e te whakatakotoranga. He pai te hangarau ki te whakaranu i ngā hangarau me te kore e whakaranu i ngā kupu; he tautohe ngawari te whakaranu i ngā kupu me te kore e kī.
He aha te tiaki e hiahiatia ana e te pane ESE ki te whakataurite ki te tokotoko kore mahi?
Me tirotirohia ngā hononga, te haere tonu me ngā whakapiringa o te tokotoko Franklin kore mahi, me te whakamātautau whenua anō hoki. Ka tāpirihia e te pane ESE he tirotiro mahi ā-wā o te taputapu whakaoho i ia wā a te kaihanga, nā te mea ka heke puku te mahi a te taputapu kore mahi ki te mahi kore mahi. Me tuhi ngā rārangi wā e rua ki roto i te pukapuka whakahaere me te tiaki i te wā tuku.
Tukuna mai tō mahere tuanui me te taumata tiaki e hiahiatia ana — ka whakahokia mai e mātou ngā tātaitanga e rua: te tahora o te papa Franklin me te pāngarau o te radius 65°, me te tūranga pou ESE me te hipoki akomanga-ΔT, ia mea me tana rārangi rauemi me te huinga tuhinga.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-15-2026