Te whawhai a ngā ratonga ratongate tahae parahi i roto i ngā pūnaha whenuaKei te whakarerekē puku rātou i ā rātou whakaritenga: hei utu mō te whakakapi i ngā ara iahiko parahi totoka i tahaetia ki te parahi ōrite, kei te piki haere te maha o ngā kaiwhakahaere rawa e tohu ana i te aho maitai whakakikoruatia ki te parahi (CCS) mō ngā taura whenua i runga ake i te papa, te here taiepa me te ārai.Ki tā mātou titiro he māmā noa iho te arorau — he paparanga parahi parakore 0.25 mm te matotoru kei runga i te matua maitai o te miro CCS, nō reira ka mahi i te mahi hiko engari he iti noa iho te uara para o te parahi totoka e mau ana, ā, e ai ki ā mātou wheako kaweake, ka whakakorea e taua panonitanga kotahi te take pakihi a te tahae.E 12 tau ahau e tuku ana i ngā kaiārahi whenua ki ngā kamupene hiko me ā rātou kaimahi kirimana i roto i te neke atu i te 60 whenua, ā, e whakamārama ana tēnei tuhinga i ngā raraunga tahae e akiaki ana i te huringa, ngā tau hangarau me tirotiro e te kaituhi whakaritenga, me te rārangi arowhai tika ka tukuna e au ki ngā kaihoko e tuhi anō ana i ā rātou paerewa i muri i te tahae.
- E whakawhirinaki ana mātou ki tētahi aromatawai a te Tari Pūngao o Amerika, i tatau i ngā tahae parahi e 18,400 i pūrongohia e ngā kamupene hiko e 618 i roto i te tau kotahi, ā, ko ngā waea whenua i runga i ngā pou me ngā teihana hiko iti i whakaingoatia hei whāinga matua.
- Ka whakahuahia e mātou te kōrero a Eskom ake, arā, ko te tahae parahi te utu mō te ōhanga o Āwherika ki te Tonga i waenga i te R5 piriona me te R7 piriona i te tau, ā, ko te kamupene tonu e whakapau ana i te R2 piriona ia tau ki te whakakapi i te taura i tahaetia.
- Ka tukuna e te aho CCS te kawe hiko IACS 15% ki te 40% me te kaha kume o te 560 ki te 1040 MPa — tata ki te rua ki te rima ngā wā kaha ake i te parahi kua whakamahanahia — ko tōna uho maitai ia e kore rawa e whai hua i te papa para.
- I roto i ā mātou whakatau utu kaweake, ko te aho CCS e rere ana i te 25% ki te 40% i raro iho i te ara ia mita mō te kawe parahi totoka he rite te diameter, nā te mea ko te matua maitai te mea nui hei whakakapi i te nuinga o te papatipu parahi.
- Ka whakatauhia e mātou te rahi o te whakawhiti e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga mā te mahi hapa, kaua mā te diameter: tauritehia te wāhanga parahi ōrite i te tuatahi, kātahi ka tīpako i te maha o ngā whenu, te akomanga kawe hiko me ngā hononga.
2 i te ata i te teihana hiko: he aha te kōrero a ngā pūrongo aituā?
I roto i ngā tau tekau mā rua o tā mātou pānui i ngā pūrongo aituā, ka puta anō tētahi wāhanga. I roto i taua wāhanga, ka tapahia e te tahae te taiapa i tētahi teihana hiko kore tangata, ka wareware katoa ki ngā taputapu hiko, ka haere tika ki te tiki i te parahi māmā, haumaru hoki i te kāinga: ngā hiku e tū ana i runga i ngā hanganga rino, ngā peke here taiapa me ngā taura heke i runga i ngā pou i waho.TeTe aromatawai a te Tari Pūngao o Amerika mō ngā tahae waea parahi mai i ngā ratonga hikoe whakaatu ana i tēnei tauira — i aro atu ngā tahae ki ngā waea whenua parahi i runga i ngā pou hiko, i roto i ngā whakawhiti hiko me ngā teihana hiko iti, ā, nā tētahi huihuinga i tuhia i akiaki te kamupene hiko ki te whakakore i te hiko o tētahi teihana hiko iti hei whakatika haumaru i ngā waea whenua i tapahia e te tahae.I te tau 2008 anake, i ripoatahia e 618 ngā kamupene ratonga i rangahautia mō te 18,400 ngā tahae parahi, me te utu whakatikatika o te USD 22 miriona, ā, 13 ngā tāngata i mate i roto i aua nganatanga kua ripoatatia.
E kite ana tātou i te tauira kotahi i tua atu i Amerika.E ai ki tētahite whakapuakitanga mana a Eskom, ko te utu mō te tahae parahi e tata ana ki te R5 piriona me te R7 piriona ia tau ki te ōhanga o Āwherika ki te Tonga, ā, e tata ana ki te R2 piriona ia tau e whakapaua ana e te kamupene hiko hei whakakapi i ngā taura i tahaetia. A Ngā pūrongo a te kāwanatanga o Āwherika ki te Tongae whakaatu ana i te tatauranga R2 piriona kotahi, ā, e kī ana ko te tahae taura ka arahi ki ngā motuhanga roa e pā ana ki ngā pakihi me ngā ratonga nui. Ka rongo au i te kōrero kotahi i ngā whenua katoa ina kōrero ahau ki ngā kaiwhakahaere rawa ratonga: he onge te ota whakakapinga te mea mamae — ko te motuhanga, ko te tūponotanga ki te haumaru me te tahae anō.
Te pire huna: he aha te utu tuturu mō te kaiārahi whenua tahaetia?
Ina ngaro te taura whenua, ka whakamahara tonu ahau ki ngā kaihoko ko te waea te wāhanga iti rawa te utu o te raruraru.E ai ki ō mātou wheako, ko te utu tuturu kei roto ko te kapa whakatika, te matapihi motumotu, te matapihi whakakore hiko rānei, te mōrearea haumaru i te wā e rere ana te whatunga hiko me te kore he ara hapa i hangaia, me te tata ki te tino mohio ka hoki mai te tahae ina tāutahia te parahi hou.E whakaatu ana te aromatawai a te Tari Whakahaere i te kaupapa haumaru: kua whakawetohia e ngā kamupene hiko te hiko o ngā mano tini o ngā kiritaki kia haumaru ai te whakatika i ngā whenua kua pakaru i te tahaetia. Ā, ehara i te mea he raruraru pūtea noa iho te teihana hiko kua ngaro ngā kaiārahi whenua - ki te kore he ara whenua kua hoahoatia, he rapunga iahiko hapa mō ētahi atu ara, me ngā hiko hiko hikoi-me-te-pā huri noa i te papa, ka taea te whakamate i te tangata e haere mai ana.
Ka mea atu ahau ki ngā kaihoko kia kati te whakatakoto tahua mō te tahae parahi hei ratonga tiaki, ā, ko te tauira toro-hoki te take.Ka kiia e mātou ko ia ota whakakapinga-mea he pōwhiri tuwhera mō tētahi atu haerenga mai, nā te mea kua whakakīia anō e koe te taonga tonu e hokona ana e te mākete para o te rohe.Ka kite mātou ko ngā ratonga e mawhiti ana i te huringa ka whakarerekē i te rauemi, ehara i te raka anake.
Te pānui i te panonitanga o ngā whakaritenga: he aha i neke ai mai i te whakakapinga-ā-ahua ki te whakakapinga-ā-hoahoa?
E kite ana ahau i tētahi tauira mārama puta noa i ngā kirimana whakakapinga i whakahuatia e mātou i ngā tau kua pahure ake nei, arā, te whanaketanga o ngā whakaritenga i muri i te tahae maha. I roto i ō mātou wheako, ka whakakapia te mea rite ki te mea rite i te ota hoko tuatahi. Ka tāpirihia e te tuarua ngā kāmera, ngā tirotiro rānei. I te tuatoru, ka tuhia anō e te miihini te paerewa tonu - ā, ko te tikanga o tēnā ka puta he tuhi ki taku pouakaroto me te "maitai whakakikoruatia ki te parahi" kua tuhia ki te karanga arataki. Kāore mātou anake i roto i tēnei pānui - e tohu ana te aratohu ahumahi i te huarahi kotahi: ko teTe pūrongo a te CEATI mō ngā mahi pai rawa atu mō te whakaiti i te tahae parahie kapi pū ana i ngā huarahi kē atu i te parahi, te tā i ngā ara iahiko me ngā huringa hoahoa mō te whenua i runga ake i te papa me raro iho i te papa hei rautaki matua mō te whakaiti i te kino, me ngā taiapa, ngā rama me ngā mahi whakakaha ture.
He māmā noa iho te kī: mā ngā kāmera me ngā taiapa e rongoā te tohumate; mā ngā rauemi ara iahiko e rongoā te pūtake.Nā te mea he hara ōhanga te tahae, ko te mea tino roa hei whakaiti i te tahae ko te mea e muku ana i te raina moni whiwhi - ā, ko te aho CCS te mea e mahi ana i tēnā me te pupuri tonu i te mahi hiko. Kua mātakitaki tā mātou tīma i ngā ratonga ā-rohe i ngā rohe tahae nui e whakarite ana i te CCS mō ia taura here i runga ake i te taumata, ā, ka memeha haere ā rātou pūrongo tahae i roto i te hui pono o ia marama.
Ngā tau hangarau: he aha ngā mea me tirotiro e te kaituhi whakaritenga?
Kāore mātou i tuku i te kōrero ārai-tahae hei whakamārama i te ngoikore o te hoahoa hiko, nō reira me whakatakoto e au ngā tatauranga ki runga i te tēpu. Tā mātouWaea aho CCSmewaea maitai kua whakakikoruatia ki te parahiKo ngā aho he 7 ki te 37 ngā aho e hangaia ana, ā, ko te whānui o ngā diameter he 4.2 mm ki te 22.5 mm, he paparanga parahi parakore he 0.25 mm, me ngā akomanga kawe hiko he 15% ki te 40% IACS. Ko te kaha kume he 560 ki te 1040 MPa, ā, ko te roa o te ora ratonga kua whakatauria he neke atu i te 50 tau. Hei tohutoro, ko tā mātouArataki parahi parakore 99.97%e 90%+ te kawe hiko mō ngā hoahoa e tino hiahia ana ki te parahi totoka.
| Taonga | aho CCS (tō mātou whānuitanga) | Miro parahi totoka (noa) | He aha te tikanga o tēnei i roto i tētahi marae e tūpono ana te tahae |
|---|---|---|---|
| Te kawe i te hiko | 15%–40% IACS | ~100% IACS | Whakanuia te rahi o te CCS kia kotahi, kia rua rānei ngā diameters kia rite ki te kawenga hapa |
| Te kaha o te kume | 560–1040 MPa | ~220 MPa kua whakamahanahia | He pai ake te ātete a CCS ki te tapahi me te totoro |
| Te wāhanga papatipu parahi | Te iti o te kaiārahi | 100% | Ko te uara para o te CCS he wāhanga iti noa iho o te parahi totoka |
| Te roa o te ratonga | >50 tau | >50 tau | Kāore he whiu mō te huringa ora mō te whakawhiti |
| Te utu rauemi (ā mātou utu kaweake) | 25%–40% te iti iho i ia mita | Tūāpapa | He iti ake te utu mō te hoko i te CCS, ehara i te mea hei pupuri noa iho |
| Te kaha tapahi | Teitei — he mata whakakoi rino matua | Iti | Ka whakarērea e ngā tahae ngā tapahi i waenganui o te huarahi |
Ko te utu mō te aho CCS he 25% ki te 40% te iti iho i te utu mō te ara iahiko parahi totoka he rite te whānui i roto i ā mātou utu kaweake, nā te mea ko te matua maitai te mea nui hei whakakapi i te nuinga o te papatipu parahi e ārahi ana i te utu.E pai ana mātou ki te kī ka whānui haere tēnei āputa ina piki ake te utu o te parahi, koinei tonu te wā e piki ake ai te pēhanga tahae — ka iti ake te utu o te arai ārai-tahae i te parahi i te wā e tino hiahiatia ana.
Te rahi o te whakawhiti mā te mahi hapa: he aha te take e hē ai te tārua i te diameter?
Kotahi te hapa e kitea ana e au i ngā whakatakotoranga CCS tuatahi: te tārua tika i te diameter parahi. Kua kite tātou i taua huarahi e whakaiti ana i te rahi o te kaiārahi.Ko te aho 30% IACS CCS e hiahia ana kia tata ki te 1.7 ngā wā o te horahanga whakawhiti-wāhanga o te ara iahiko parahi e whakakapia ana kia mau ai te mahi hapa ōrite, nō reira ko te tukanga mahi tika ko: tatauhia te wāhanga parahi ōrite e hiahiatia ana, kātahi ka tīpako i te diameter CCS me te akomanga ara iahiko e tutuki ana.E 7 ki te 37 ngā waea e kapi ana i ā mātou aho, me te diameter monofilament mai i te 1.4 mm ki te 3.2 mm, nō reira tata ki ngā waea parahi tawhito katoa he rite te CCS kotahi-taahiraa te rahi ake e uru tonu ana ki ngā rawhi paerewa me ngā pokepokea werawera.
Kotahi te kupu whakatūpato pono māku e te hunga o te mara.Ki tā mātou whakaaro ko te CCS te otinga tika mō te whakapūmau, te here me te ārai i te pirau, engari ehara i te mea hei whakakapi mō ngā oma parahi katoa.— e tika tonu ana te parahi totoka mō ngā whāngai iahiko tere-tonu me ētahi tono waea, ā, kei reira tonu tā mātou raina parahi 99.97% mō ēnei take. Ki tā mātou whakaaro he kaiwhakarato pono e whakamārama ana ki a koe te rohe, kaua e hoko CCS mō ngā mea katoa.
Kaitātari mō te rite o te whakakapinga CCS
Tīkina ngā tūemi kua whakatauhia e koe. Ka whakaatuhia e te kaute te otinga o tō whakaritenga whakakapinga.
1/8 — te wāhanga tōmua. Tukuna mai tō utu hapa me te diameter o nāianei, ā, mā mātou e tuhi te toenga.
Ko ngā rauemi te pane matua — engari me pēhea te whakarārangi a ngā kamupene ratonga pai rawa atu i ā rātou parepare?
I roto i ā mātou tukunga, ko te whenu CCS te kawenga nui, ā, ko ngā kamupene whakahaere me ngā tatauranga tahae tino ma e whakakotahi ana i tēnei me ngā tikanga iti te utu. Tuatahi, ka tūtohu mātou i te tohu i te kaiārahi waka: kei roto i te aratohu CEATI te tohu i te kaiārahi waka i roto i āna mahi ārai, ā, ka taea e mātou te whakarato i te whenu me te tautuhi e taea ai te whai i te hoko anō.Tuarua, ka akiaki mātou i te akuaku o ngā hoko — he whakatakotoranga e whakahua ana i te akomanga kawe hiko, te matotoru o te paparanga parahi, te whānuitanga kume me te maha o ngā whenu, kāore e waiho he wāhi mō te whakakapinga tahae o te hua ngohengohe, teitei te parahi i te wā tāutanga.
Mai i tā mātou taha o te tēpu: he aha te āhua o tētahi ota whakakapinga e ahu mai ana i te tahae?
He rite te nui o tā mātou whakaaro ki te tere me te utu ina tuhituhi mai tētahi kamupene, ki tana kaituku rānei, i muri i tētahi aituā. Kei te whakahaerehia e tā mātou wheketere i Xinchang he tipu 3,000 m² me te neke atu i te 40 ngā kaimahi whakaputa me te tīma R&D e 5 ngā tāngata, ka kaweake ki ngā whenua neke atu i te 60, ā, ka taea te whakaputa tae atu ki te 100,000 mita o te aho CCS ia marama. Kei raro i te pūnaha ISO 9001 te kounga — ka taea e koe te manatoko i te tikanga o taua tiwhikete i runga i tewhārangi paerewa ISO 9001 mana— ā, mō ngā kaihoko e hiahia ana ki te whakamātautau hiko a te hunga tuatoru o ngā rauemi whenua,CEPRI (te Whare Rangahau Hiko Hiko o Haina)ko te mana whakahaere e whakaaetia ana e ngā poari tuku tono. I eke ā mātou kaweake kua tuhia ki te USD 15 miriona i te tau 2022, ā, he nui te wāhanga o taua rahinga ka tukuna inaianei ki ngā ratonga whakahaere e hanga ana i ngā whatunga whenua kua pakaru i te tahae.
E toru ngā kōrero whai hua ka puritia e au i roto i ia whakahua whakakapinga:Ka tākaihia e mātou ngā miro i ia roera ki te roa kua tohua e koe, ka tukuna mai i Shanghai, i Ningbo rānei, ā, ka whakarite i te huinga tuhinga kaweake katoa — nama, rārangi tākai, tiwhikete takenga mai me ngā tiwhikete whakamātautau — i mua i te katinga o te ipu.Mena kei te whakataurite koe i ngā teihana hiko maha, ka taea hoki e mātou te pupuri i tētahi wā whakaputa kia tukuna ai ngā ota whakahoki me te kore he whiriwhiringa wā-arataki hou. Ka taea e koe te tirotiro i te whānuitanga katoa i roto i tā mātoukāwai waea maitai whakakikoruatia ki te parahi.
Ngā pātai e pātai pinepinetia ana
He rite te whai huatanga o te miro CCS ki te whakahurihuri i tētahi hapa ki te parahi totoka?
Āe tā mātou whakautu, mena ka whakaritea te rahi mā te mahi hapa kaua mā te diameter. Ko te ara iahiko CCS i te 30%, 40% rānei o te IACS, kua whakanuia kia kotahi, kia rua rānei ngā rahi, ka mau i te iahiko hapa rite tonu ki te parahi e whakakapia ana e ia, ā, ka tūtohu tonu ahau kia whakaū te kaihoahoa i te wāhanga parahi ōrite i mua i tā mātou whakahua.
He aha ngā tahae e kore e aro ki te CCS strand i muri i te aituā tuatahi?
Nā te mea kua ngaro te ōhanga, e ai ki tā tātou i kite ai puta noa i ā tātou kaute ratonga. Ko te tikanga o te matua maitai he wāhanga noa iho o te parahi kei roto i te kawe hiko totoka mō te mita o te CCS, he iti noa te utu mō ngā papa para, ā, ka whakapōturi te matua maitai i ngā taputapu tapahi e mauria ana e ngā tahae. Ka tere te haere o te kōrero i roto i ngā whatunga tahae mō ngā papa kāore e tika ana te mōrearea.
E whakaaetia ana te aho CCS i roto i ngā paerewa ratonga?
Ka tohutohu mātou i ngā kaihoko ki ngā aratohu whakaiti i ngā ratonga pēnei i te pūrongo tahae parahi a te CEATI, e kapi ana i ngā huarahi kē atu i ngā kaiārahi parahi, ā, ka tukuna e tā mātou wheketere te aho CCS ki roto i ngā whakaritenga ratonga me te EPC puta noa i te 60 whenua neke atu. E mōhio ana mātou ko te whakaaetanga e rite tonu ana ki te paerewa ā-rohe, nō reira ka tohutohu ahau kia tukuna atu te akomanga kaiārahi me ngā tiwhikete whakamātautau ki tō miihini kua tohua i mua i te tuku tono.
He aha te akomanga kawe hiko me whiriwhiri e au mō te whenua o te teihana hiko?
Ko te 30% IACS te nuinga o te wā ka whakahuatia e au mō te here taiapa me ngā pigtails i runga ake i te papa; ko te 40% te mea e tika ana mō te whakataurite me te oma roa. Mā te tātaitanga o te iahiko-hapa e whakatau, ā, ka puta i a mātou ngā akomanga 15%, 21%, 30% me te 40% puta noa i te awhe 7-ki-37-aho kotahi.
Ka taea te whakarewa i te miro CCS mā te whakamahi i te werawera pērā i te parahi?
Āe — ka whakarewahia e mātou te aho CCS me ngā pokepokea werawera paerewa e ōrite ana ki te diameter o te aho, ā, kāore te matua maitai e whakararuraru i te whakarewa. Ka tukuna e mātou ngā pokepokea me ngā konganuku whakarewa e ōrite ana, kia taea ai te hono me te kaiārahi mai i te tukunga kotahi.
Kia pēhea te tere o te tuku i tētahi ota whakakapinga i muri i te tahaetia?
E 100,000 mita te kaha o tā mātou mahi ia marama mō te aho CCS, ā, ka tere te neke o ngā diameter paerewa mai i ā mātou raina. Ka whakarite ahau i te nama, te rārangi tākai, te tiwhikete takenga mai me ngā tiwhikete whakamātautau i te wā e whakaputa ana kia kore ai e waiho te huinga tuhinga hei arai.
Ka whakakahoretia rawatia rānei e te whare para te CCS?
E kitea ana e mātou ko te nuinga o ngā papa whenua tika ka tere te ako ki te tautuhi i te maitai parahi kua whakakikoruatia — ka kitea te uho i roto i ngā hēkona mā te whakamātautau aukume. Kei te whakaae tonu ētahi ki tēnei i ngā utu e tata ana ki te maitai, koinei tonu te kaupapa: kāore i reira te moni hei utu mō te tahae parahi kua whakaritea.
Te tuhi anō i tō paerewa whenua i muri i te tahae?
Tukuna mai te rārangi wātaka ara iahiko mai i te whakatakotoranga i tahaetia — te utu hapa me te whānui rānei i whakamahia e koe i mua — ā, ka whakahokia mai e mātou he aho CCS ōrite me te akomanga ara iahiko, te maha o ngā aho, te taunga o te rawhi me te pokepokea ai, me te whakatau utu mō te wheketere.
Hēni Yang— Kaiwhakahaere Hoko, Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd.
E 12 tau a Jane e mahi ana i te tēpu kaweake o tā mātou wheketere whakatō whenua me te tiaki uira, e āwhina ana i ngā ratonga hiko, ngā kaiwhakahaere whatunga me ngā kaituku ki te rapu i ngā ara iahiko whakatō whenua ārai-tahae, ngā aho CCS me ngā hua maitai whakakikoruatia ki te parahi me te tautoko whakamātautau me te tuhinga katoa.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-14-2026