Umhlahlandlela wenduna yasensiminiukushintshwa kwe-exothermic okuhlulekile— izimbangela ezinhlanu zenqubo, indlela yokuxilonga, kanye nendlela yokuxilonga yokuhluleka kokushisela esebenzisana nayo ongayisebenzisa ngaphambi kokuthi unqume noma yini.
- Ukwehluleka okukhulu kwe-exothermic weld "okungazelelwe" akusikho ngokuzumayo nhlobo: ukuhlolwa kwethu kwangaphakathi kwe-312-failure audit (2023-2026) kulandele u-86% emuva kwenye yezimbangela ezinhlanu zenqubo abahlinzeki abavami ukuzibhala phansi — umswakama ovalelekile (38%), i-graphite egugile (24%), i-powder encane (17%), ukulungiswa komqhubi ongcolisiwe (14%), noma isikhathi sokushiswa kwesikhunta esibandayo (7%).
- Ijoyinti elibukeka lilungile lisengalinganisa ama-micro-ohm angu-800 uma liqhathaniswa ne-micro-ohm engu-30–50 enempilo, ngoba ukuhlola okubonakalayo akuboni ukugoba kwe-conductor-side noma i-oxide lamination.
- Amalunga ahlulekile awakwazi ukuthululwa kabusha endaweni yawo — nciphisa okungenani u-50 mm womqhubi udlule endaweni ethintekile ukushisa, thola imbangela, bese ulungisa kabusha ngesikhunta ngaphakathi kwefasitela laso lomjikelezo wesevisi ongu-50–100.
- NgokweIreferensi ye-nVent ERICO kaCadweld, inqubo ikhiqiza isibopho sama-molecule, hhayi esomshini — ngakho-ke noma iyiphi imodi yokwehluleka edala isikhombimsebenzisi (ifilimu yomswakama, i-oxide lamination, i-void) inqoba ubuchwepheshe obungaphakathi.
- Okwethuumugqa wesikhunta wokuwelda we-thermitIlinganiselwe imijikelezo engu-50-100 kanye namalunga angu-80-100 asetshenziswa ensimini, akhiwe nge-graphite ye-premium ukuze imbobo ihlale isikhathi eside - kodwa isikhunta esingaphandle kwalelo fasitela asisesona isikhunta, siyisibopho.
- Sebenzisa okusebenzisanayoUkuxilongwa Kokwehluleka Kwe-Weldngezansi ngaphambi kokuthi usike ilunga elilodwa — khetha uphawu olubonayo endaweni bese uthola imbangela engaba khona kanye nezinyathelo zokusingatha ngokushesha.
Izingxenye ezimbili eziphambeneyo zazihleli ebhentshini lami ngenyanga edlule. Zombili zivela kumagridi okufaka umhlaba wesiteshi esingu-33 kV. Zombili zithathwe izithombe ku-10× magnification efanayo ngaphansi kwesibani esifanayo sendandatho. Kunjiniyela omncane ofunda umbiko wokusebenza, zaziyi-weld efanayo. Kumthengi osayina amashidi okuhlola, zaziyi-weld efanayo. Zazingeyona i-weld efanayo.
Esinye sasilinganisa ama-micro-ohm angu-28 futhi sadlula okokuqala. Esinye sasilinganisa ama-micro-ohm angu-640 futhi sahluleka ntambama efanayo. Umndeni ofanayo wesikhunta, umhlinzeki ofanayo wempuphu, ukujikeleza okufanayo kwabasebenzi ababili. Ubuhlalu kuzo zombili izihlanganisi bubukeka buqondile emehlweni nakumakhamera okushisa. Umehluko wawukhona kumamilimitha ayi-6 omqhubi owasulwa yiqembu elilodwa ngephedi ye-isopropyl engena-lint kanti elinye lasulwa ngeglavu lesikhumba elisha.
Leso sikhala yilokho ngempela lesi siqondisi esikukhulumayo. Ngoba inqubo ye-exothermic ithembeke ngendlela engavamile ngendlela eyodwa ethile - wonke amaphutha awenzayo ashiya umunwe ohlangothini oluphambene - futhi ngokungathembeki ngendlela engavamile ngenye indlela - ubuhlalu obuphezulu cishe buhlala bubukeka kahle ngisho noma umunwe ongezansi ubulala. Izimbangela ezinhlanu ezilandelayo yizigxivizo zeminwe engihlala ngizibona ebhentshini lami, ngokulandelana engihamba ngakho umthengi lapho umbiko wokuthumela ufika kabi.
Ngihambe cishe izingcingo ezingu-200 eminyakeni emithathu edlule. Ngingathanda ukuthi ezingu-200 ezilandelayo zingenzeki. Funda lokhu kanye ngaphambi kokuthela okulandelayo — kushibhile kunokuthela kabusha, futhi izimpendulo ziyafana nalezo engizinikeza mathupha.
Ukufunda i-Cross-Section Beats Ukufunda i-Bead
Yonke imibiko yokuthunywa edlula edeskini lami ingitshela into efanayo ngokwehluleka: i-jointwabhekakulungile ngosuku lokuphuma. Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kuphumelele. Ukuskena okushisa kuphumelele. Ingxenye enqamulelayo ikhulume iqiniso. Lena yindlela engicela ukuthi uyisebenzise — futhi leyo eyakhelwe phezu kwayo iwijethi yokuxilonga engezansi kwalesi sihloko.
Ngakufunda lokhu ngendlela enzima maphakathi no-2024. Inkampani yaseYurophu yasithumelela amajoyinti angu-23 akhishwe esiteshini esincane esingu-110 kV — wonke ayedlule ekusebenzeni izinyanga ezintathu ngaphambili, enomumo wobuhlalu, ukuskena kokushisa, kanye nokumelana kwe-milliohm konke kungokomthetho. Sawavula ntambama eyodwa.Ezingu-17 kwezingu-23 zibonise amaphutha amancane abonakalayo esigabeni esiphambeneyo: i-oxide lamination ku-9, imigodi yokuphefumula ku-5, ukugcwalisa okungaphansi ku-3. Akekho owayengabanjwa yi-visual commissioning pass ejwayelekile. Le nkampani yayisayine amajoyinti ayefa buthule iminyaka eminingi - yayingakakwazi lokho okwamanje.
Qala ngombuzo wokuqala, hhayi owesithathu. Uma umakhi engibiza ngokuthi "umshini wokushisela ohlulekile", ngiwubuza ngaphambi kwanoma yini enye:ingabe ijoyinti lake laphumelela ukuhlolwa kokumelana, noma ingabe lehluleka ekuqalisweni kokusebenza okokuqala lapho lilinganiswa?Impendulo ishintsha konke, ngoba ijoyinti elonakele ekusebenzeni kanye nejoyinti elalinephutha kusukela ku-pour-day kuyizinkinga ezimbili ezihlukene ngokuphelele ezinezimbangela ezimbili ezihlukene ngokuphelele.
Ngokwezincwadi zokuphathwa kokuguga mayelana nokuxhumeka kukagesi okufihliwe okushiwo yizikhungo zikagesi zase-US (I-NUREG-1800, umbiko we-Generalic Aging Lessons Learnesetshenziswa ukuthethelela amashumi eminyaka okwandiswa kwempilo yesitshalo), izindlela zokuwohloka ezibhalwe phansi zanoma yiliphi ilunga elingcwatshwe ukujikeleza kokushisa, ukushisa kwe-ohmic, ukudlidliza, kanye nokugqwala - futhi umbiko ucacile ukuthi lezi yizindlela ezisebenza kuma-interface.ukushintshwa kwe-exothermic akunawo uxhumano lokuguga, ngoba abaqhubi kanye nethusi elincibilikisiwe baba yingxenye eyodwa yensimbi eqhubekayo ngesikhathi sokusabela. Ngakho-ke lapho ijoyinti elithululwe kahle le-exothermic lihluleka ukusebenza, ukwehluleka cishe akukaze kube sensimbini yokushisela uqobo - kusengxenyeni yomqhubi lapho ukushisela kungakaze kufinyelelwe khona, noma kusesikhaleni esincane sokujikeleza kokushisa lapho ukushisela kushiywe khona ngoba ishaja yempuphu yayingalungile ngosuku lokuthulula.
Ukuthi "iphutha elivela ku-pour day" libukeka kanjani empeleni ekuqothulweni kwecala lobugebengu
Amajoyinti angamakhulu amabili aseCebu angifundise iphethini eyodwa eye yahlala cishe kuzo zonke izinkinga zamalunga amaningi engizihambile kusukela lapho. Lapho sisika ijoyinti elihlulekile futhi silivula kahle, sibona esinye sezakhiwo ezincane ezinhlanu eziphindaphindayo, futhi ngasinye siqonda kahle esinye sezimbangela ezinhlanu zenqubo kulo lonke lesi sihloko:
| Izigxivizo zeminwe eziwela ingxenye | Ungayithola kuphi | Amamephu okubangela |
|---|---|---|
| Ama-Blowholes ahlanganiswe eduze kobuso bomqhubi | Ngaphakathi kwe-weld bead, ngaphakathi kwe-1-2 mm ukusuka onqenqemeni lomqhubi | Imbangela 1 — Umswakama (impuphu, umqhubi, noma ukuminyana kwesikhunta esibandayo) |
| I-oxide lamination ihambisana ne-axis yomqhubi | Ibanga elibukhali phakathi kwensimbi yokushisela kanye nobuso bomqhubi, liyabonakala ngemva kokupholisha | Imbangela 4 — Isinqamuleli sokulungiselela umqhubi (ifilimu kawoyela, i-residual oxide, ukuthintana kwesikhumba) |
| Umgodi ongagcwalisiwe kahle onobuso obunama-dished bead | Izitsha zobuso obunamasongo ngaphakathi; umgodi awusagcwali ngokweqile njengoba kuklanyelwe | Imbangela 2 — Ukuguga kwesikhunta, noma Imbangela 3 — Ishaja yempuphu encane |
| Umugqa ovaliwe ngokubandayo lapho izinhlangothi ezimbili zensimbi zehlulekile ukuhlangana khona | Ukungaqhubeki okubukhali kwesakhiwo sezinhlamvu okuhambisana nodonga lwesikhala | Imbangela 5 — Isikhathi sokusha kwesikhunta esibandayo (isikhunta esingaphansi kuka-25 °C lapho kushisa) |
| I-Weld ixhunywe komunye kuphela wabaqhubi ababili ku-crossover | Kubonakala ohlangothini: ubuhlalu bumboza uhlangothi olulodwa kuphela lwepheya eliyindilinga | Imbangela 3 — Ubukhulu obungaphansi kophawuda, noma ukungalungi kahle kwesikhunta lapho sivaleka |
Uma usufunde ukufunda lezi zigxivizo zeminwe ezinhlanu, ingxoxo yokuxazulula izinkinga ayibe yinto yokuqagela. Okunye kwalesi siqondisi kuhamba ngendlela engingayihlola ngayo esizeni, ngesinyathelo sokuqinisekisa esikufakazelayo ngaphambi kokuthi usike ijoyinti elilodwa.
Ingabe Umswakama Uyimbangela Yangempela Lapho I-Thermit Weld Ihluleka?
Umswakama yimbangela yokwehluleka engiholayo ngoba yisona sizatho esivame kakhulu nesithethelela kakhulu. Ithusi elincibilikisiwe elivela ekusabeleni kwe-exothermic lihlala cishe ku-1,083 °C — indawo yokuncibilika yethusi — futhi lapho lihlangana nanoma yimaphi amanzi, lawo manzi ayabila abe umusi futhi ande cishe izikhathi ezingu-1,700 ngobuningi. Umusi uphoqa ukubuyela emuva ngensimbi encibilikisiwe esancibilikisiwe, ushiye umzila wemigodi yomoya, futhi ijoyinti liyaphazamiseka ngaphambi kokuba liphole.I-OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.252 (Ukushisela, Ukusika, kanye Nokubhinca — Izidingo Ezijwayelekile), le ndlela eyodwa ibangele ukulimala okukhulu kokusha kanye nokusha kwabasebenzi kunanoma yiliphi elinye iphutha lenqubo ye-exothermic.
Isizathu sokuthi lokhu kwehluleka buthule kangaka ukuthi umswakama unezindawo ezintathu zokucasha, futhi eyodwa kuphela yazo isobala. Ekuhlolweni kwethu kokwehluleka okungu-312, ukwehluleka okuqhutshwa umswakama kubonise isiginesha sokumelana esibonakalayo: ukufundwa kokugunyazwa okuqoqwe phakathi kuka-580 no-940 micro-ohm kuma-conductor pair afanayo avame ukulinganisa u-30 kuya ku-50 micro-ohm — ukukhukhuleka okungu-15 kuya ku-25× okusinda ekuskeni kokushisa kodwa ongalokothi usinde ekusikeni kwesigaba esiphambeneyo.
- Impuphu emanzi.Imbangela evame kakhulu yokwehluleka okukhulu. Uphuthu luthunyelwa emathinini avaliwe ngesizathu esithile — uma ithini selivuliwe, okuqukethwe ku-hygroscopic futhi kuzomunca umswakama ozungezile ezindaweni ezisogwini phakathi namahora ambalwa. Ikhatriji "elibukeka lomile" alilomile.
- Abaqhubi abamanzi.Intambo yethusi kanye nensimbi embozwe ngethusi kokubili kugcina umswakama ezindaweni ezingaphakathi kwentambo. Intambo ebigcinwe ingamboziwe endaweni ngesikhathi semvula imanzi ngaphakathi noma ngabe ingaphandle libukeka lomile, futhi indawo eyomile ngethoshi izophinde imunce umswakama ngemizuzu embalwa emoyeni omanzi.
- Ukujiya kwesikhunta esibandayo.Isikhunta se-graphite esikhishwe esitolo esinomoya opholile ku-18 °C singene ekuseni ngo-32 °C, umswakama ongu-85% sizohlanganisa ifilimu yamanzi odongeni lwaso ngaphambi kokuba ithimba libe nomqhubi endaweni yalo. Ukuthululwa kube sekubopha leyo ngxenye phakathi kodonga lwesikhunta nensimbi encibilikisiwe.
Ukuhlolwa kwesidumbu saseCebu ngemigqa emithathu
Amajoyinti aseCebu ahluleka ngoba ufulawa wawuhlezi edokini elimanzi ngenxa yemvula futhi abasebenzi bavula amathini ekuseni kosuku lokuthulula. Basebenzise ufulawa noma kunjalo ngoba wawubukeka womile - futhi ingxenye engezansi yohlamvu, kuwo wonke amajoyinti ahlulekile, yabonisa iphethini eliqondile lembobo yokuvunguza elishiywa umusi oqhutshwa umswakama. Ukuhlolwa kwe-desiccant yemizuzu engama-20 kuma-cartridge amathathu esampula ngaphambi kokuthulula kwakuzobamba lonke iqembu, futhi abasebenzi babezokwazi ukuhlukanisa abanye.
Ingabe Isikhunta Sakho Se-Graphite Sigugile Sidlule Efasiteleni Laso Lenkonzo Ethembekile?
Lena yimbangela yokuthi abahlinzeki babhekane nobunzima obukhulu, ngoba imodi yokwehluleka ayibonakali kumthengi futhi inani lemijikelezo yinto eyaziwa ngumhlinzeki kuphela.Izincwadi zomkhiqizo we-nVent ERICO's Cadweldilinganisa isikhunta se-graphite cishe emijikelezweni yesevisi engama-50 kuya kweyi-100, futhi kulayini wethu silinganisa isikhunta sethuisikhunta sokushisela se-thermitngemijikelezo efanayo engama-50 kuya kweyi-100, kanye namalunga angama-80 kuya kweyi-100 asetshenziswa ngendlela evamile ensimini. Ngemva kwalokho, umgodi usugugile ngokwanele kangangokuthi imbobo yempompi ayisakwazi ukulinganisa insimbi encibilikisiwe kahle ejoyintini.
Isibonakaliso esiqotho sesikhunta esigugile akuyona indawo eqhekekile ongayibona — yisikhunta esigugile esilahlekelwa ukuma kwaso komcamelo bese siqala ukugoqa ngaphakathi phakathi nendawo. Isikhunta esisha sikhiqiza ubuhlalu obugoba kancane phezu komqhubi, ngoba ishaja yempuphu igcwalisa kancane imbobo bese okungaphezulu kugoba ku-riser. Isikhunta esigugile siyagcwalisa ngaphansi, ngoba imbobo ikhule ngokwanele kangangokuthi ishaja yempuphu efanayo ayisenawo okungaphezulu kokugoba. Abasebenzi bavala ngokungeza i-powder, eshisa kakhulu imbobo futhi isheshise ukuguguleka — i-feedback loop ethatha cishe ama-duru amabi angamashumi amabili ukuze ibhubhise isikhunta ngokuphelele.
Indlela yokulinganisa isikhunta ongasithenganga kithi
Ngo-2023 umthengi wathola izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingu-47 kumhlinzeki ongasasebenzi futhi wasicela ukuthi sizilinganise ngaphambi kokuthulula okulandelayo. Salinganisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ...Eziyi-11 kweziyi-47 zazilahlekelwe amagremu angaphezu kwama-50— ngalé kwefasitela labo lenkonzo elithembekile — futhi wonke lawo majoyinti angu-11 akhiqize amajoyinti anobuso obucwebezelayo obuhlulekile ukuhlolwa kwesigaba esiphakathi kokuthululwa kathathu. Sashintsha lawo angu-11, saqala kabusha ilogi yomjikelezo, futhi izinga lokwehluleka komthengi kulowo msebenzi lehla lisuka cishe kujoyinti elilodwa kumajoyinti ama-5 laya ngaphansi kwe-1 kuma-50. Leso isimo senkinga edalwa yisikhunta esingakabhaliswa.
Uma uzuze isikhunta komunye umhlinzeki, sikala esisodwa ngesikhunta esaziwayo se-geometry efanayo. Isikhunta se-graphite silahlekelwa cishe amagremu angu-3 kuya kwangu-8 ngomjikelezo ngamunye ngenxa yokuguguleka kokushisa nokuhlanza; isikhunta esingamagremu angu-50 ngaphansi kwesisindo saso sokuqala sibe nemijikelezo eminingi kunalokho okuvumela isilinganiso saso. Okwesibili, bheka isimo sobuhlalu be-weld phakathi kokuthululwa okuhlanu kokugcina - uma kukhona okufakwe ngaphakathi, isikhunta siphushelwe ngaphandle kwefasitela laso lenkonzo elithembekile.I-IEEE Std 837-2014, uhlaka lweziqu zokuxhuma okuhlala njalo kwesisekelo sesiteshi esincane, i-geometry yesikhala sokushisela iyingxenye yobufakazi beziqu — ngakho-ke isikhunta esigugile akuyona nje ingozi yekhwalithi, siyingozi yokuhambisana nezindinganiso ijoyinti elalichazwe kuzo.
Ingabe Ukushaja Okuncane Kakhulu Kungalimaza Kancane Ama-Weld Akho?
I-powder iza ngobukhulu bekhatriji obujwayelekile ngesizathu.Ngenxa yokuthi isilinganiso se-powder-to-copper-mass siyi-variable enquma ukuthi ukusabela kukhiqiza ukushisa okwanele yini ukuncibilikisa ngokuphelele ingxenye ye-conductor, ukukhulisa i-cartridge kudala i-joint ethulula okuqinile ngaphandle kodwa engaxutshwe kahle esibonakalayo se-conductor.Ubuhlalu bubukeka buhle. Ukumelana kukhuluma iqiniso ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha lapho ilunga lishisa ngaphansi komsinga wokuqala wephutha.
Sabhala lokhu ngqo ecaleni lika-2024 eNtshonalanga Afrika. Usonkontileka wa-oda amajoyinti angu-600 e-exothermic egridi yokufakelwa komhlaba engu-66 kV futhi wamukela isilinganiso sentengo yama-cartridge angu-#115 ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa inhlanganisela yomqhubi - empeleni okwakuyi-95 mm² / 95 mm² cable pair eyayidinga i-#150. Umhlinzeki wathumela i-#115. Ijoyinti ngalinye lathela kahle. Ijoyinti ngalinye ladlula ekusebenzeni ku-60 kuya ku-90 micro-ohm ebukeka iphilile. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva, amajoyinti angu-38 kwangu-200 okuqala ahlolwe ayedlule ku-800 micro-ohm ngaphansi komthwalo. Asizange sithole ukungafani kwe-cartridge kwaze kwaba yilapho umthengi esithumelela isampula ehlulekile futhi sayinqamula - i-bead yayiyincwadi yesifundo, kodwa i-interface ye-conductor-to-weld ibonise i-micro-gap eqhubekayo cishe ububanzi obungu-0.2 mm.I-bead yayilungile; i-cartridge yayingalungile; umthengi wayikhokhela ngokuphinda uthululwe kanye nokuvakashelwa kwewarantiZombili izinhlobo zalokhu kwehluleka zikhona — ukushintshana kweqembu okuthembekile kanye nokushintshana kwabaphakeli okungathembekile — futhi zombili ziphelela endaweni efanayo: ubuhlalu obuhle, isikhala esincane esifihliwe kumqhubi, kanye nokumelana okukhuphuka unyaka nonyaka.
Ingabe Izinqamuleli Zokulungiselela Umqhubi Ziyimbangela Efihliwe Yamalunga Amelana Nokumelana Okukhulu?
Ngibuke amaqembu echitha imizuzu engamashumi amabili ehlanza ingxenye ebonakalayo yentambo yethusi futhi eqa ingxenye engena ngaphakathi kwembobo yesikhunta, ngoba ishidi lemininingwane lithi "kuhlanzekile kuya kwensimbi ekhanyayo" ngaphandle kokuchaza ukuthi kanjani.Ngenxa yokuthi isibopho sakheka ebusweni bomqhubi obungaphakathi kwesikhala ngesikhathi sokuthululwa, ingxenye engcolile ngaphansi kwesikhala idala i-joint eqhubekayo ngaphandle kanye ne-oxide-laminated ngaphakathi.
Ukungcola okuvame kakhulu engikubona ekuqhekekeni kwe-forensic akuwona ukungcola — yiminwe. Abasebenzi baphatha ingxenye yomqhubi engena ngaphakathi kwesikhunta, bashiye ifilimu encane yamafutha esikhumbeni sabo, futhi ithusi elincibilikisiwe alikwazi ukumanzisa ngaleyo filimu ukuze lihlangane nensimbi eyisisekelo. Umphumela uba ukuhlangana okunendiza ye-oxide eqhubekayo phakathi kwensimbi eshisiwe kanye nomqhubi, futhi indiza ye-oxide iwuhlobo lokuxhumana olubhalwe yi-NUREG-1800 njengendlela yokuwohloka ngaphansi kokujikeleza kokushisa.
Ngahamba nomthengi ngesikhathi ngiqeqeshwa kabusha ngonyaka odlule ngemuva kokuba isiteshi sabo sesithathu silandelana sikhiqize amajoyinti angaphezu kwama-micro-ohm angu-800 lapho sisebenza — umunwe ofanayo njalo: i-oxide lamination ehambisana ne-axis yomqhubi, engabonakali ngaphandle kwe-cavity. Ithimba lalihlanza ingxenye ebonakalayo yomqhubi ngesandla esinamagilavu, bese libeka intambo phansi kwidrama yekhebula enothuli imizuzu engamashumi amathathu eyathatha ukuze isikhunta singene endaweni yaso. Izinguquko ezintathu zayivala: ibhulashi elibukhali elizinikele ngendwangu ngayinye yomqhubi, i-isopropyl wipe endwangu engena-lint, kanye nomthetho wokuthi ingxenye ehlanziwe kwakumelwe isuke ebhulashini iye ngqo emgodini — akukho ukuthintana kwesikhumba, akukho ukusetha kabusha kwidrama. Izinga labo lokumelana okuphezulu lehle lisuka cishe ku-12% wamalunga laya ngaphansi kuka-1% phakathi nokuthululwa okulandelayo okungu-200, kanye ne-1% esele ibuyele emuva kumalungu amabili ethimba ayengakayifundi indlela entsha okwamanje.
Isizathu sokuthi ngibize lezi zinguquko ngokuqondile ukuthi zonke zazivele zisenqubo yazo ebhaliwe. Inqubo yayinganakwa ngoba akekho owake wathola ukwehluleka emuva eglavini, futhi ishidi lemininingwane alizange licacise isixhumanisi.Ngenxa yokuthi isibopho sakheka ebusweni bomgibeli ongaphakathi kwesikhala ngesikhathi sokuthululwa, yonke indlela yokuhlanza ibalulekile kuphela kumamilimitha angu-30 kuya kwangu-50 angena ngempela emgodini - futhi yilapho futhi abasebenzi beqa khona isinyathelo.Umshini ohlanzekile obonakalayo ongu-200 mm awusho lutho uma ama-40 mm okugcina ngaphakathi kwesikhala ethole ifilimu ye-oxide noma umunwe ngemizuzwana engamashumi ayisithupha ngaphambi kokuthululwa.
Ingabe Isikhathi Sokushisa Esibandayo Sibangela Ukwehluleka Kwakho Kwe-Morning-Shift?
Lokhu kuyimbangela yokuthi akekho obhala phansi, ngoba kuzwakala njengephutha lomqhubi kunokuba kube yiphutha lenqubo. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukusabela kwe-exothermic kuhlelwe endaweni ethile yokushisa, futhi isikhunta esingaphansi kwama-25 °C ngesikhathi sokushisa siziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kunesifudunyezwe ngaphambilini. Impuphu yokuqala iyavutha, ingaphambili lokusabela liyasakazeka ngokushaja, kodwa ithusi elincibilikisiwe lilahlekelwa ukushisa liye ku-graphite ebandayo ngokushesha kunokuba ukusabela kungakugcwalisa, futhi insimbi ifinyelela emgodini womqhubi ngaphansi kokushisa kwe-fusion. Ubuhlalu busakheka. Ukuhlanganiswa akuphelele.
Lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu yokushintsha kwasekuseni ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile noma esibandayo, futhi kuyinkinga enkulu yokushintsha kwantambama ezindaweni ezishisayo lapho abasebenzi bepholisa khona isikhunta sabo kusengaphambili endaweni yokugcina enomoya opholile ukuze "basilondoloze". Noma yimuphi umkhuba uveza iphethini efanayo yokwehluleka: umugqa wokuvala obandayo lapho izinhlangothi ezimbili zensimbi zihlangana khona kodwa zingahlangani ngokugcwele, obonakala engxenyeni evundlile njengokungalingani okubukhali kwesakhiwo sokusanhlamvu okuhambisana nodonga lwesikhala. Kuphrojekthi yesikhungo sedatha saseSingapore ngo-2024, abasebenzi bagcina isikhunta sabo se-graphite egumbini lokugcina elinomoya opholile elingu-19 °C phakathi kokuthulula ukuze kuncishiswe ukushiswa kwe-graphite. Indawo yokuthela ngokwayo yayiku-31 °C kanye nomswakama ongu-78%. Silinganise izinga lokushisa lobuso besikhunta lapho kushiswa kuzo zonke izingosi ezingu-12 zasekuseni: ezingu-8 kwezingu-12 zaphuma endaweni yokugcina ngaphansi kuka-22 °C, kanti ezingu-6 kulezo ezingu-8 zaveza ukwehluleka kokuvala obandayo engxenyeni evundlile. Ukulungiswa kwaba ushintsho olulodwa lokusebenza — indawo yokugcina ubusuku bonke ekhabetheni lokushisa elizungezile kunokuba kube egumbini elinomoya opholile — futhi izinga lokuhluleka emsebenzini ekuseni lehle laya ku-zero ngesonto elilandelayo. Izibalo azithetheleli: njalo nge-5 °C isikhunta sihlala ngaphansi kwama-25 °C lapho sishiswa sinyusa izinga lokuvala okubandayo, kanti ngaphansi kwama-20 °C kuba yindlela yokuhluleka evelele.
Uhlu Lokuhlola Lwezobunhloli: Okufanele Ukwenze Uma Ilungu Elihlangene Lihluleka Ukuthumela I-Commission
Uma umthengi engishayela ucingo ngejoyinti ehlulekile, umbuzo wokuqala engiwubuzayo yilowo onquma yonke indlela:ingabe ijoyinti lake laphumelela ukuhlolwa kokumelana, noma ingabe lehluleka ekuqalisweni kokusebenza okokuqala lapho lilinganiswa?Leyo mpendulo inquma ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa okuhlanu okulandelayo engikwenzayo, nokuthi ngikulandelana kanjani. Nansi indlela engisebenza ngayo ocingweni noma ekuhambeleni ngevidiyo — akusona isifanekiso esijwayelekile, yindlela ubufakazi obuvame ukuvela ngayo.
Uma ijoyinti yehlulekile ekuqaliseni umsebenzi:Ngiqala ngeqoqo lempuphu. Cishe ukwehluleka okungu-4 kwezinsuku eziyi-10 zokuqalisa ngibona umkhondo womswakama ongekho owabanjwa ngosuku lokuthulula, futhi kuyimbangela esheshayo yokuqinisekisa noma yokungawuvumeli - imizuzu emihlanu ocingweni nomphathi wendawo kanye nokuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-desiccant ku-cartridge yesampula kungitshela ukuthi lonke iqembu lidinga ukuvalelwa ngaphandle. Uma impuphu ihla, ngiya ku-mold log bese ngikala isikhunta esisolwayo ngesisindo saso sokuqala. Uma zombili zihlanza, ngisika ijoyinti elilodwa ku-bandsaw bese ngibheka ingxenye enqamulayo - imizuzu emihlanu yomsebenzi oxazulula amanye ama-30% amacala phakathi kwezimbangela ezine ezisele. Ophenyweni lwaseCebu, lena yindlela eyasisusa "emajoyintini angu-200 ahlulekayo" yaya "kuwo wonke amathini kusukela ekuthunyelweni okusolwayo kumanzi" ngaphakathi kwamahora amabili okuhambisa umthengi ohlwini lokuhlola ku-WhatsApp.
Uma iqembu lidlulile ekuqalisweni komsebenzi kodwa manje selihluleka ukusebenza:Ngiyeqa ukuhlolwa kwempuphu ngokuphelele bese ngiya ngqo engxenyeni evundlile kusampula etholiwe. Ijoyinti eliphumelele ukusebenza cishe njalo linephutha lalo ohlangothini lomqhubi kunokuba libe sensimbini yokushisela uqobo, futhi ingxenye evundlile ingitshela ukuthi ngabe yiphutha lokulungiselela umqhubi weCause 4 elingaphumelelanga ukuhlolwa kokumelana, noma ukuguguleka kwesikhunta seCause 2 okushiye ubuhlalu bungagcwalisiwe kahle futhi kwavumela ikhemikhali yomhlabathi ukuba ibe yisikhala esincane eminyakeni edlule.
Yilokho kanye okubalulekile. Angikwenzi konke ukuhlola okuhlanu kukho konke ukwehluleka ngoba u-80% wesikhathi ukuhlola okukodwa noma okubili kuxazulula inkinga — futhi umthengi obheke umbiko wokusebenza ohlulekile akadingi uhlu lokuhlola, udinga uhlelo lokusebenza.
Uma ukwehluleka kusinda kokubili izinyathelo (ufulawa kanye nesikhunta kuhlanzekile, kuhlanzekile ngezigaba), inkinga cishe imayelana nemvelo — ikhemikhali yomhlabathi, imisinga elahlekile, noma ukugqwala kwe-galvanic ukuthola isikhombimsebenzisi esishiywe yi-weld — futhi ingxoxo kufanele ishintshe kusukela enkambisweni iye ekwakhiweni. Leyo ngxoxo iyisihloko sayo.
Isiyalo Sokuthulula Kabusha: Ukunciphisa, Hhayi Ukushisela Kabusha Endaweni Yakho
Uma ijoyinti sehlulekile, ukulungiswa okuwukuphela kwendlela efanele ukusika udlule endaweni ethintekile ukushisa bese ulungisa kabusha i-conductor kusukela ekuqaleni. Ukuthela insimbi entsha yokushisela phezu kwejoyinti ehlulekile akuhlanganisi insimbi entsha nendala ngokuthembekile, ngoba isixhumi sokuqala sesivele sakhe i-metallurgy yaso futhi noma yikuphi ukubhoboka okubambekile kuba yindawo yokwakheka kwe-nucleation yokwehluleka okulandelayo. I-cut-back kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-50 mm we-conductor ehlanzekile ohlangothini ngalunye lwejoyinti yokuqala, isikhunta esisha kufanele sibe ngaphakathi kwenani laso lomjikelezo, futhi i-powder batch kufanele isuke ethini elisanda kuvulwa, elomile eliqinisekisiwe.
Ukubeka izindleko kubalulekile lapha, ngoba umuzwa oshibhile kakhulu ku-joint ehlulekile ukuwushiya bese unethemba. Ukuthulula kabusha kubiza isigamu sosuku sesikhathi sabasebenzi, umjikelezo omusha wesikhunta, kanye ne-cartridge entsha yempuphu - izinto ezincane ezisezingeni eliphansi kwisabelomali sesiteshi esincane. I-joint ehlulekile eshiywe enkonzweni ibiza umakhi ucingo lwewaranti, ukuvakasha kabusha, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukuzethemba komthengi ngethenda elilandelayo; kugridi yesilinganiso sezinsiza kungasho ukushintshwa kwegridi okuyingxenye kanye nezinyanga zokulibaziseka kokuthulula. Izibalo cishe njalo zikhetha ukuthulula kabusha isigamu sosuku, futhi ukuthulula okwesibili kuyindawo yemvelo yokuthuthukisa isikhunta uma ukwehluleka kubonisa ukuguga. Sithumela yethuizikhunta zokushisela ezishisayongelogi yomjikelezo elandelanayo ukuze abathengi bakwazi ukulandelela umlando wesikhunta ngasinye kuphrojekthi, futhi ilogi efanayo kufanele ihambe nanoma yisiphi isikhunta esihamba phakathi kwezindawo. Isikhunta ongeke usichaze yisikhunta ongeke usithembe.
| Imbangela | Okufanele ukuqinisekise kusayithi | Isikhathi ngejoyinti ngayinye |
|---|---|---|
| Umswakama | Ukuhlolwa kwe-desiccant ku-cartridge yesampula; ukuhlolwa kokusula komqhubi; izinga lokushisa lobuso besikhunta ≥ 30 °C | imizuzu emi-2 |
| Ukuguguleka kwesikhunta | Ilogi yomjikelezo wesikhunta; ukuma kobuhlalu kuzo zonke izithulu ezinhlanu zokugcina; isisindo sesikhunta vs isisindo sokuqala | umzuzu owodwa |
| Impuphu encane | Usayizi wekhatriji uma kuqhathaniswa nesheduli yomqhubi; ukuhlolwa kobuqotho bebhetshi | umzuzu owodwa |
| Ukulungiswa komqhubi | Ukuhlolwa kwensimbi ekhanyayo ebonakalayo; akukho ukuthintana kwesikhumba ngemva kokuhlanza; ≤ imizuzu eyi-15 ifasitela elivulekile | umzuzu owodwa |
| Ukushisa okubandayo | I-infrared noma i-contact thermometer kusikhunta lapho sivutha; fudumala ngaphambi kwesikhathi uma kungaphansi kwama-25 °C | Imizuzwana engama-30 |
Indlela Yokuhlola Umhlinzeki Wakho Wamanje Ngaphandle Kokuthuka Noma Ngubani
Iningi lezingcingo engizithathayo ngalesi sihloko aziqali ngokwehluleka. Ziqala ngomthengi osanda kucelwa ukuthi afanelekele umhlinzeki omusha, noma unjiniyela ozuze inqubo angayiklamanga, futhi bafuna ukwazi ukuthi yimiphi imibuzo okufanele bayibuze ngaphambi kokwehluleka okulandelayo. Inguqulo eqotho yaleyo ngxoxo ukuthi cishe wonke umhlinzeki angathumela isikhunta esisebenza ngosuku lokuthulula. Umbuzo onzima ukuthi bangakwazi yini ukubhala phansi ukuthi kungani umkhiqizo wabo usebenza, nokuthi bazoba ngumnikazi wempendulo uma ingasebenzi.
Imibuzo emithathu ihlukanisa umhlinzeki wangempela nomuntu onciphisa intengo kule nkinga ethile, futhi ngingabachazela bonke abathengi ngale ndlela.
- "Ngibonise ithempulethi yakho yelogi yomjikelezo wesikhunta."Umhlinzeki olandela ukubalwa kwemijikelezo umhlinzeki owaziyo ukuthi isikhunta siyaguga. Umhlinzeki ongakwenzi lokho ungumuntu omubi kakhulu uma enenkinga yokuba ngowakhe.
- "Kuyini ukulandeleka kwe-powder batch yakho?"Ithini ngalinye kufanele libe nenombolo yebhetshi, usuku lokwenziwa, kanye nesibonakaliso sesitsha esivaliwe. Umhlinzeki ophinda afake i-bulk powder emathinini angenamalebula uyingozi yomswakama ethini.
- "Uthini umbono wakho ngokushintshana kwekhatriji encane?"Impendulo eqotho ithi "siyenqaba i-oda uze uqinisekise usayizi womqhubi." Impendulo eyingozi ithi "singathumela ithini elincane namuhla."
Ngike ngabuka yonke le mibuzo isusa umhlinzeki okungenani kanye. Umbuzo 1 waqeda ubudlelwano nenkampani yokuhweba ngonyaka odlule - abakwazanga ukukhiqiza ithempulethi yelogi yomjikelezo ngoba babengakaze bacele ifektri yabo, futhi lapho bebuza, ifektri ayikwazanga ukukhiqiza nayo. Umbuzo 2 wabamba umsebenzi wokupakisha kabusha ngo-2023: umthengisi wezimpahla wasekhaya wayethenga i-bulk powder ngekhilogramu futhi eyihlanza ibe ama-mini-can angenalo uphawu ukuze athunyelwe kwamanye amazwe, engenanombolo yebhetshi kuma-can futhi engenasibonakaliso sesitsha esivaliwe. Sadonsa ama-oda ethu ngesonto elifanayo. Umbuzo 3 yilowo engiwucindezela kakhulu, ngoba uhlola ukuthi umhlinzeki uzokhetha ubuqotho bejoyinti yakho kuneshejuli yakho yokuthenga - futhi impendulo ikutshela cishe konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana neminyaka emihlanu ezayo yokusebenza nabo.
Sakhe amadokhumenti ethu okuthumela ngaphandle azungeze le mibuzo emithathu ngoba yimibuzo uphenyo lwethu lokwehluleka oluqhubeka lubuyela kuyo. Yimibuzo futhi ebengingasibuza yona, ukube bengingumthengi.
Ukuxilongwa Kokwehluleka Kwe-Weld — Khetha Isibonakaliso Osibonayo Ensimini
Ngaphambi kokuthi usike ijoyinti elilodwa, sebenzisa lokhu kuxilonga. Khetha uphawu oluhambisana nalokho okubonayo ngempela endaweni - okubonakalayo, okukagesi, noma iphethini yesikhathi - bese ithuluzi lilubuyisela emuva kuzimbangela ezinhlanu ezingaba khona ngenhla, likunike ukuqonda okuzethemba, futhi libhale izinyathelo ezisheshayo okufanele uzithathe ngaphambi kokuthulula okulandelayo. Lesi yisinqumo esifanayo engisithatha kumthengi ngocingo lapho kufika ucingo lokwehluleka.
Imigodi noma imigodi evulekile ibonakala ebusweni be-bead
Ubuhlalu bufakwe ngaphakathi noma bubonakala bungagcwalisiwe kahle phakathi nendawo
Umugqa obukhali ubonakala engxenyeni lapho izinhlangothi ezimbili zensimbi zehlulekile ukuhlangana khona
Ukushintshwa kuhlanganiswe kuphela nomqhubi oyedwa wepheya elihlanganisiwe
Ubuhlalu bubukeka buphelele, kodwa ukumelana kuphakeme (ngaphezu kuka-200 µΩ) lapho kufakwa
Ukumelana kwakwamukelekile ekuqalisweni komsebenzi kodwa kuyanda unyaka nonyaka
Ukwehluleka kuhlangana kuphela ekuqaleni kokushintsha, kuphinde kutholakale phakathi kwasekuseni
Iqoqo lokwehluleka ekugcineni kweqoqo lempuphu / ukuthunyelwa okukodwa okukhethekile
Isikhunta sesidlule imijikelezo engu-50, noma usizuze njengefa ngaphandle kwelogi yomjikelezo
- Qinisekisa usayizi wekhatriji ngokumelene nenhlanganisela yomqhubi — ukushaja okuncane kakhulu kuyimbangela evame kakhulu yokuhlanganiswa okungaphelele komqhubi oyedwa.
- Hlola ukuhambisana kwesikhunta: izingxenye ezimbili kumele zivale kahle emgqeni ophakathi nendawo womqhubi ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okubonakalayo.
- Hlola idiski yensimbi — kumele ihlale phakathi nendawo phezu kwembobo yempompi ngaphambi kokushisa, ingalokothi ishintshe isuke ku-axis.
- Lungisa kabusha ipheya lomqhubi ngebhulashi elisha kanye ne-isopropyl wipe ngaphambi kokuthulula okulandelayo.
- Thatha isithombe sejoyinti elihlulekile kanye nokuqondana ngaphambi kokudilizwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi ukuthulula okulandelayo kungakanani.
Ukuxilonga kuhlanganisa uphawu olulodwa nembangela eyodwa okungenzeka kakhulu ngokusekelwe kumaphethini ezingxenyeni ezahlukene kusukela ekuhlulekeni okubhalwe phansi okungu-312 okuphenywe yifektri yethu phakathi kuka-2023 no-2026. Uma izimpawu ezimbili zihlangana, sebenzisa eyesibili ngokwahlukana - zizokhomba imbangela efanayo cishe kuma-80% amacala ahlanganisiwe.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana Nokushintshwa Kwe-Exothermic Okuhlulekile
Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi i-exothermic weld yehlulekile uma isabonakala iqinile?
I-thermit weld ehlulekile ingabukeka iphelele ngaphandle kodwa ibe yi-joint embi. Izinkomba ezithembekile zingogesi: ukufundwa kokumelana kwe-milliohm okhuphuka unyaka nonyaka, isithombe sokushisa esithathwe ngaphansi komthwalo esibonisa ukuthi i-joint isebenza ngokushisa kunomqhubi, noma indandatho ye-copper carbonate eluhlaza endaweni yokuphuma yomqhubi. Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kukodwa kubamba kuphela ukwehluleka okubi kakhulu - ukugoba okudabule ebusweni noma ukugcwaliswa okungekho emgodini wompompi.
Ingabe i-exothermic weld ehlulekile ingashintshwa kabusha endaweni yayo, noma ingabe umqhubi kufanele anqunywe?
Kumelwe unciphise udlule endaweni ethintekile ukushisa bese ulungisa kabusha umqhubi omusha. Ukuthela insimbi entsha yokushisela phezu kwejoyinti elihlulekile akuhlanganisi insimbi entsha nethusi elidala ngokuthembekile ngoba isixhumi sokuqala sesivele sakhe insimbi yaso futhi noma yikuphi ukugoba okubambekile kuba yindawo yokwakheka kwe-nucleation yokwehluleka okulandelayo. Empeleni, ijoyinti elihlulekile lisho ukunciphisa okungenani ama-50 mm omqhubi ohlangothini ngalunye, ukuhlanza kube yinsimbi ekhanyayo, nokusebenzisa isikhunta se-graphite esisha - futhi kuphela ngemva kokuba usuthole imbangela eyinhloko.
Yini ngempela eyenziwa umswakama ngaphakathi kwe-weld exothermic?
Ithusi elincibilikisiwe elivela ekusabeleni kwe-exothermic lihlala cishe ku-1,083 °C, futhi noma yimaphi amanzi abambeke emgodini wesikhunta, kumqhubi, noma ku-flash-flash yempuphu ayavutha ukuze ashise ngokushesha nje lapho insimbi ifika. Umusi uyanda cishe izikhathi ezingu-1,700 ngobuningi futhi uphoqa indlela yawo yokuphuma ngensimbi yokushisisa esancibilikisiwe, ushiya ama-blowholes kanye nejoyinti elinezimbobo, eline-oxide. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ezibhalwe phansi ukuqhuma komusi kukhiphe insimbi encibilikisiwe ezintweni ezizungezile ezivuthayo nezivuthayo - lokhu kuwukulimala okukodwa okuvame kakhulu okuqoshwa yi-OSHA emisebenzini yokushisisa ye-thermit.
Isikhunta sokushisela se-graphite exothermic kufanele sithathe isikhathi esingakanani?
Kulayini wethu silinganisa izikhunta ze-graphite ngemijikelezo yesevisi engu-50 kuya ku-100, kanye namalunga angu-80 kuya ku-100 ekusetshenzisweni okuvamile kwensimu, ngoba ukuthulula ngakunye kukhuculula umgodi futhi kwandisa kancane umgodi wompompi. Isikhunta esiphushwe sadlula inani laso lomjikelezo siqala ukukhiqiza amalunga angagcwalisiwe ngokwanele, futhi abasebenza ngokufaka i-powder - eshisa kakhulu umgodi futhi isheshise ukuguguleka. Isibonakaliso esiqotho asiyona i-crack ongayibona; yi-weld bead elahlekelwa yisimo sayo somcamelo esijwayelekile futhi iqala ukufaka ngaphakathi.
Kungani i-weld yami ye-exothermic ibukeka kahle kodwa ilinganisa ukumelana okuphezulu lapho iqaliswa?
Ukumelana okuphezulu ku-weld ebukeka ilungile cishe njalo kubuyela emuva kwenye yezinto ezintathu: umqhubi akazange ahlanzwe abe yinsimbi ekhanyayo ngaphansi komgodi wokushisela, ishaja yempuphu yayincane kakhulu engxenyeni enqamulayo yomqhubi, noma isikhunta saphazanyiswa kabi ngakho insimbi encibilikisiwe yahlanganiswa phakathi kwabaqhubi esikhundleni sokuhlanganiswa kokubili. I-weld enhle kanye ne-weld emelana kancane akuyona into efanayo ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngoba isilinganiso sokumelana sithathwa ngaphesheya kwejoyinti, hhayi nge-bead. Sibone amalunga anobuhlalu obuhle alinganisa ama-micro-ohm angu-800 ngokumelene ne-micro-ohm enempilo engu-30 kuya ku-50 komakhelwane abafanayo.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kokwehluleka kwe-weld exothermic kanye ne-weld enephutha kusukela ekuqaleni?
Ukwehluleka kwe-weld exothermic yi-joint esebenza kahle ekufakweni bese yonakala ngesikhathi isetshenziswa — ngokuvamile ngokugqwala esibonakalayo se-conductor i-weld ayizange ifinyeleleke ngempela, ngokujikeleza kokushisa okwavula i-micro-gap, noma ngokuphazamiseka komshini. I-weld enephutha yayingakaze ibe yinhle: yayithelwa ngempuphu emanzi, igebe elikhulu kakhulu, isikhunta esigugile, noma i-conductor engcolile, futhi ukwehluleka kuvela ekuqalisweni noma ekuhlolweni kokuqala komthwalo. Ukuhlukanisa lezi zinto ezimbili ngoba ukwehluleka kuvame ukukhomba inkinga yemvelo, kuyilapho igebe likhomba inkinga yenqubo noma yomhlinzeki.
UJane Yang· Umphathi Wokuthengisa, i-Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd.
Iminyaka eyi-12 ekuvikeleni umbani kanye nokwehlisa ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe · Iminyaka eyi-17 yokukhiqizwa kwefektri ngemuva kwazo zonke izincomo.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-31-2026