Umhlahlandlela wokucaciswa kwedatha yasensimini wonjiniyela be-solar EPC: indlela ama-electrode amakhemikhali angu-4,200 athunyelwa esitshalweni se-Saudi PV esingu-150 MW abambe ngayo ukumelana kwephedi engu-3.1 Ω eminyakeni emihlanu enhlabathini engu-1,800 Ω·cm — kanye nezinyathelo zokuthenga, ukufaka, kanye nokuhlola ezasifikisa lapho.

Idatha yensimu yalesi sihloko ivela esitshalweni se-PV saseSaudi esingu-150 MW esasifinyelela ngo-Agasti 2020 njengophenyo olujwayelekile. I-EPC eseMadrid ishintshe kusukela entengo ngayinye yaya ekucacisweni kwe-imeyili yesibili - unjiniyela wayo oholayo wayephile ngephrojekthi engu-50 MW ngo-2018 lapho isitovu esimanzi sasidlule khona umkhawulo we-touch-voltage ngonyaka wesithathu. Okulandelayo ukulandelana kokuthengwa, ukufakwa, kanye nokuhlolwa okwakhiqiza imodeli yokusebenza engu-3.1 Ω ephakathi / 4.7 Ω embi kakhulu / iminyaka emihlanu engenakulungiswa - kanye neqembu elilodwa labahlinzeki elicishe layiphula.

1. Isitshalo Esingenakulungiswa Esiqale Ngesitshalo Esingenamanzi Esihlulekile

Ukwehluleka okubhekiselwe kukho kwaba yisitshalo se-PV saseChile esingu-50 MW esaqala ukusebenza ngo-2018 ngezinduku ezivamile eziqhutshwa ngethusi kanye nomjikelezo wokunisela wezinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngonyaka wesithathu, ifasitela le-touch-voltage kuma-inverter pad ayisithupha lase lidlule umkhawulo womklamo ngoba ukuvakasha kokunisela okubili okuhleliwe ngo-2020 kweqiwe (imikhawulo yokuhamba nge-COVID). Izinduku azizange zihluleke ngokomzimba - zase zomile. Ukumelana nama-pad kweqe umkhawulo we-5 Ω kuma-pad amathathu kwangu-6.

Leso yisikhala sokusebenza esivalwa yi-electrode yokumisa yamakhemikhali. Umkhiqizo wethu uyi-core yensimbi embozwe ngethusi (17.2 mm kuya ku-25.4 mm) ngaphakathi kwe-annulus engama-100 mm kuya ku-150 mm efakwe i-auged, egcwaliswe ngemuva yi-compound e-hygroscopic — ubumba lwe-bentonite oluhlanganiswe ne-magnesium sulfate kanye nesithako sokugcina umswakama. Le compound imunca umswakama ozungezile futhi iwubambe ebusweni benduku; i-magnesium sulfate igcina umthamo womhlabathi osheshayo uhambisa. Umphumela wezinga lesitshalo ukuthi ifasitela le-touch-voltage lihlala ngaphakathi komkhawulo womklamo impilo yomklamo yeminyaka engama-25 kuya kwengama-30, futhi umjikelezo wokunisela uyaphuma ohlelweni lwe-O&M.

Kuphrojekthi yaseSaudi, umehluko phakathi kwenduku enamanzi kanye ne-electrode yamakhemikhali kwakuyisibopho seminyaka emihlanu se-O&M i-EPC eyayisibhala kuleyo mpahla ngosuku lokuqala. Uma lokho kufreyimu sekusegumbini, iprimiyamu ngayinye iba yinto yomugqa evikelekile.

2. Imephu Yokumelana Nomhlabathi Eyanquma Ama-Electrode angu-4,200

Impendulo eqotho ku-I-electrode yamakhemikhali iyeka nini ukuba yokuzikhethelayimephu yokumelana nenhlabathi. Esitshalweni saseSaudi senze ucwaningo lwe-Wenner olunezikhonkwane ezine kulo lonke uhla lwe-1.8 km² olunezikhonkwane ekujuleni kwe-electrode okuhleliwe (ama-probe angu-1.5 m kanye no-3.0 m). Incazelo engezansi yilokho engikusebenzisayo lapho i-EPC ibuza umbuzo ofanayo kuphrojekthi entsha.

Inombolo ebalulekile ukufundwa kokumelana ekujuleni kwe-electrode okuhleliwe, hhayi ukufundwa kobuso.Esizeni saseSaudi, ukufundwa okunezikhonkwane ezine kwakungama-380 Ω·cm (bekungasho ukuthi induku eqhutshwayo yayanele); ukufundwa okungu-1.5 m kwakungu-1,400 Ω·cm kanti ukufundwa okungu-3.0 m kwakungu-1,800 Ω·cm. Ngaphandle kocwaningo olunezingqimba, i-EPC ngabe ichaze uhlu lwezinduku eziqhutshwayo ezimanzi.

3. Okushiwo Yilokho “Okungadingi Ukulungiswa” Empeleni Embikweni Wethu Wokuhlola Uhlobo

Leli gama lijwayelekile embonini kodwa alinangqondo, ngakho-ke silibhala phansi ngokubhala konke ukuthunyelwa. I-electrode yokumisa amakhemikhali engadingi ukulungiswa edokini lethu lokuthumela inezakhiwo ezine zobunjiniyela ezibonakala embikweni wokuhlola uhlobo, futhi umbiko yilokho i-EPC okufanele icele ukukubona ngaphambi kokusayina i-PO.

1. Ukugcwaliswa kwe-Hygroscopic backfill (ngeI-IEC 62561-7).I-Bentonite ihlanganiswe ne-magnesium sulfate (hhayi i-sodium chloride, ehlasela ama-cores ambozwe ngethusi). Ukuhlolwa kokuzinza kwe-ionic okungu-60°C / kwezinsuku ezingu-30 kubamba izinqamuleli zomhlinzeki: ama-compound compounds ahambisanayo abambe u-≥80% wokunciphisa ukumelana; iqembu lomhlinzeki lika-2022 lehle laya ku-65%, okubangela ukushintshana kwe-compounding ngaphakathi endlini.
2. Insimbi embozwe ngethusiI-NEMA GR-1, i-cladding encane engu-254 µm.Ilawula ukugqwala kwe-galvanic. Senqabe umhlinzeki wango-2021 one-cladding engu-180 µm — i-inside spec yokufakwa kwesignali yamandla aphansi kodwa mncane kakhulu kumthwalo we-impulse-current othwalwa yi-ESE termination ngesikhathi sesigameko sokushaywa.
3. Umgodi wokuhlola unomphela onefasitela lokulinganisa elinomshini wokubambelela.I-polymer engu-300 mm × 300 mm × 300 mm (hhayi ukhonkolo; imifantu yekhonkolo ekujikelezeni okushisayo okomile). Ukufundwa kwe-clamp-on kuvumela iqembu le-O&M ukuthi lihlole ukuhlolwa kabusha kweminyaka emihlanu ngemizuzwana engama-30 ngephedi ngayinye.
4. Akukho ukunisela kabusha okuhleliwe ohlelweni lwe-O&M.Incwadi yemiyalelo yaseSaudi ifuna ukubamba intambo ngonyaka wokuqala, unyaka wesithathu, kanye nonyaka wesihlanu — akukho lutho phakathi. Umjikelezo wokunisela wezinyanga eziyisithupha noma eziyishumi nambili usho ukuthi i-electrode ayichazwanga kahle.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-i-electrode yokumisa amakhemikhalikanyeinduku yomhlabathi ye-ion ye-electrolyticKulayini wethu kukhona i-geometric, hhayi esebenzayo — ithubhu yethusi vs insimbi embozwe ngethusi, i-backfill efanayo. Zombili zilethe isilinganiso esifanayo se-3.1 Ω uma kuqhathaniswa nethagethi ye-5 Ω esitshalweni saseSaudi.

4. Izindinganiso Ezine Ezibhekiselwe Ku-Saudi Spec

Izindinganiso ezine ezibhekiselwe ku-spec yaseSaudi. Yisiphi isimiso esilawula ukuthi yisiphi isinqumo esiyingxenye ama-EPC avame ukuyishiya ingacacile — nansi imephu yokusebenza.

Kuma-MV pads kanye nesiteshi esincane se-POI,IEEE 80futhiI-IEEE 665kwakuyimingcele yokubopha, hhayi ukumelana kwephedi eluhlaza. Bobabili abaholayo kwadingeka bavumelane nge-IEEE 837 ngaphambi kokuba basayine.

5. Lapho Ama-Electrode Ahamba Khona Ngempela Ku-Array

Embonini yaseSaudi, umbuzo othi “ngiwabeka kuphi” waphendulwa ngokuqhathanisa nomdwebo womugqa owodwa i-EPC ewubukezile kathathu ngaphambi kokuba isitsha sokuqala sithunyelwe. Ama-electrode amakhemikhali afike ezinhlotsheni ezinhlanu ezihlukene zendawo - futhi idokhumenti yokuthenga kwadingeka ichaze ukuthi iyiphi indinganiso elawula ukuthi iyiphi indawo, ngoba i-geometry efanayo ye-electrode yayichazwe ngendlela ehlukile ngayinye.

Isithombe 2 — I-electrode yamakhemikhali yohlobo lwenduku yomhlabathi ye-electrolytic ion emgodini wokuhlola oqediwe ephepheni le-inverter lesitshalo saseSaudi. Ingaphakathi elimbozwe ngethusi lihlanganiswe nge-exothermically kumqhubi womhlabathi wemishini ezingeni lomgodi wokuhlola.

1. Ama-inverter pads.Kwaqala ngephedi eyodwa; kwengezwe umzuzwana kumaphedi ayi-14 lapho inhlolovo engu-1.5 m yayingaphezu kuka-1,800 Ω·cm (ama-electrode angu-1,316, isilinganiso esingu-3.1 Ω).
2. Ama-pads e-MV transformer.Ama-electrode amabili ngephedi kanye nesendlalelo setshe elingaphezulu, elakhelwe ngokumelene nefasitela le-IEEE 80 lokuthinta kanye ne-step-voltage (ama-pad angu-84, ama-electrode angu-168).
3. Amabhokisi okuhlanganisa.I-electrode eyodwa ngebhokisi (ama-electrode angu-1,890).
4. Zombili iziphetho zesiqu esikhulu semishini ye-DC - isisekelo.Ama-electrode amabili (isiqu esingu-1.4 km).
5. Ukuphela kwe-ESE lightning down-conductor.Ama-terminals omoya angu-24 e-ESE ku-array perimeter kanye ne-MV switchgear housing, ngalinye linokuphela kwenduku yomhlaba ye-ion ye-electrolytic (umthamo wamanje we-impulse wawuyisithiyo sokubopha).

Isiyonke: ama-electrode amakhemikhali angu-4,200, ahambisana neshejuli yokuthengwa kwe-EPC kanye neziqukathi ezasuka eXinchang phakathi kukaSepthemba 2020 noMashi 2022. Iphutha engilibona kaningi ekubuyekezweni kokuqala ukuphatha zonke izinhlobo ezinhlanu zezindawo njengezifanayo — azifani. Idokhumenti yokuthengwa kufanele ichaze ukuthi iyiphi indinganiso elawula ukuthi iyiphi indawo.

6. I-Backfill-Chemistry Spec Eyahlukanisa Umhlinzeki Ngempela

Kuphrojekthi yaseSaudi, imininingwane yokugcwalisa emuva yahlukanisa abafinyeleli ababili ohlwini lwezicelo. Omunye uthumele ikhathalogi enamakhasi ayi-14 enereferensi eyodwa ye-IEC 62561-7 esembozweni sangemuva. Omunye uthumele umbiko wokuhlolwa kohlobo onamakhasi angu-38 ohlanganisa isici sokunciphisa ukumelana nezimo ezine zomswakama ezibhekiselwe kuzo, umphumela wokuzinza kwe-ionic wezinsuku ezingu-60°C / 30, ijika lokugcina umswakama lezinsuku ezingu-90, kanye nesitatimende sokuthobela imithetho yezemvelo sesigaba se-ESIA. Owesibili ngumhlinzeki i-EPC ebhala ohlelweni lwe-O&M lweminyaka engu-25.

Ulimi lokuthenga esagcina silubhalele i-spec yaseSaudi lubize izindawo ezine — ezine ezifanayo esizihlola ngaphakathi endlini kuzo zonke izimpahla ezithunyelwayo, kanye nezindawo ezine ezifanayo ezibuya embikweni wethu wokuhlola uhlobo.

• Isici sokunciphisa ukuphikiswa (ngokwe-IEC 62561-7).Okujwayelekile: 12:1 kumswakama ojwayelekile ongu-20%.
• Ukuzinza kwe-ionic kwesikhathi eside (60°C / ukuhlolwa kabusha kwezinsuku ezingu-30).I-magnesium sulfate ngaphezu kwe-sodium chloride (i-chloride ihlasela ama-cores ambozwe ngethusi); umkhawulo wokugcina okungu-≥80%. Iqoqo labaphakeli bango-2022 libuye ngo-65% - imbangela yokuhlanganiswa kwangaphakathi.
• Ukugcinwa komswakama emjikelezweni wokomisa wezinsuku ezingu-90.Ukugcinwa okungu-73% ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-90 ku-35°C / 30% RH — iphuzu ledatha i-EPC elilisebenzisile ukusetha ukuhlolwa kabusha konyaka wesihlanu.
• Ukuthobela imithetho yezemvelo kwa-ESIA.Idlula iphaneli ejwayelekile ye-leachate engaphansi kuka-1 mg/L yezinsimbi ezilawulwayo.

Ifektri ekhombisa umbiko wokuhlolwa kwezinhlobo ezine zezakhiwo yileyo i-EPC eyibhala ohlelweni lwe-O&M lweminyaka engama-25; leyo eneshidi lokulinganisa induku kuphela ivela ngonyaka wesibili ine-imeyili ethi “inhlanganisela entsha ethuthukisiwe”.

7. Indlela Esichaze Ngayo Inqubo Yezinyathelo Eziyisithupha ye-Saudi EPC

Inqubo yokucacisa enezinyathelo eziyisithupha esidlule kuyo i-EPC iyafana nale esiyiqhuba kuyo yonke iphrojekthi ye-PV yesilinganiso sezinsiza. Akulona uhlu olujwayelekile — isinyathelo ngasinye sinesinqumo esinamathiselwe unjiniyela we-EPC okufanele asenze kuphrojekthi yakhe ethile.

1. Yenza ucwaningo lwe-Wenner lokumelana nenhlabathi olunezikhonkwane ezine endaweni ehleliwe.Qopha ekujuleni kwe-probe okungu-1.5 m kanye no-3.0 m. Umehluko wobuso nobubanzi endaweni yaseSaudi wawungu-4× (380 Ω·cm vs 1,800 Ω·cm).
2. Setha ukumelana kwethagethi ngephedi ngayinye kusuka kumdwebo womugqa owodwa wephrojekthi.Isethi ye-Saudi EPC engu-5 Ω ngephedi ye-inverter kanye ne-1 Ω yegridi ye-equipotential iyonke; kokubili kubanjwe phakathi nokuhlolwa kabusha konyaka nonyaka wesihlanu.
3. Chaza ikhemistri yokugcwalisa emuva ngokubhala, kanye nombiko wokuhlolwa kwezinhlobo ezine zempahla onamathiselwe.Iqembu labaphakeli lika-2022 laliyicala lokuhlola — umbiko uthole ukugcinwa okungu-65% ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.
4. Khiya i-geometry yenduku kanye ne-connector standard.I-17.2 mm × 2.4 m embozwe ngethusi yama-inverter pads; i-geometry ye-ion ye-electrolytic engu-25.4 mm × 2.4 m yama-MV pads kanye ne-lightning terminals. Izixhumi ezishiselwe nge-exothermic kuI-IEEE 837, azikho izibambo zemishini.
5. Faka enhlabathini engaphazanyiswa nge-auger eqondile engu-100 mm.I-auger efanayo kulo lonke uhlu oluphelele — akukho mathuluzi akhethekile. Gcwalisa i-annulus ngaphambi kokuvala umgodi wokuhlola; gwema ukufaka emanzini amile (isikhathi esomile sezinsuku ezingu-14 ngaphambi kokufaka siwumthetho obalulekile kule ndawo).
6. Qinisekisa ngokuhlolwa okungenzeka ukuthi kunciphe ngesikhathi sokuqalisa kanye nonyaka wesihlanu.Ngokomndeni we-IEEE 81 method; ukumelana nezingodo, izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi, kanye nomswakama. Ukuhlolwa kabusha kwesitshalo saseSaudi okweminyaka emihlanu kubuye kwaba yisilinganiso sama-Ω angu-3.1 ngephedi elibi kakhulu lama-Ω angu-4.7.

8. Ibhloko Lokulinganisa Asizange Silunge Ngesikhathi Sokuqala

Ama-electrode okuqala angu-200 esitshalweni saseSaudi athunyelwa nge-auger engu-75 mm (unjiniyela wendawo ye-EPC wayeyisebenzise kuphrojekthi yenduku eqhutshwa ngaphambili) futhi ukufundwa kwensimu kwabuya ku-5.8 Ω isilinganiso uma kuqhathaniswa nethagethi engu-5 Ω - i-compound yayingenaso isikhala sokumanzisa. Sathuthela ku-100 mm kuma-electrode asele angu-4,000 futhi isilinganiso sehla saya ku-3.1 Ω. Imigodi engu-200 engaphansi ayizange iphinde ivuselelwe; yi-6% yama-pad ku-"ngaphezu kuka-2,000 Ω·cm" ethole ukwelashwa kwe-electrode ephindwe kabili.

Umehluko we-0.4 Ω phakathi kwe-auger engu-75 mm kanye ne-100 mm yi-version eyodwa enkulu kunazo zonke eseceleni lokufaka esiyilinganisile — futhi yi-version elawulwa unjiniyela wesayithi le-EPC, hhayi i-factory noma i-backfill chemistry. Umugqa wokuhlanganisa ungaqiniswa kusuka ku-spec desk; i-auger ayikwazi.

9. Indlela Lokhu Okuxhumeka Ngayo Ekwakhekeni Kwelanga Lomhlaba Wonke — nokuthi Kungani Kubalulekile Ekuthengweni Kwe-EPC ngo-2026

I-3.1 Ω yesitshalo saseSaudi ayiyona into ehlukile. Kuwo wonke ukuthunyelwa kwethu kuka-2020-2025 ku-PV yesilinganiso sezinsiza eMpumalanga Ephakathi, eNyakatho Afrika, eNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-US, kanye nase-Australia ephakathi, ukumelana okumaphakathi kwamaphedi ekufakweni okuchazwe kahle kufike ebangeni lika-2.8 kuya ku-3.6 Ω uma kuqhathaniswa nethagethi engu-5 Ω. Ukusabalala kwe-0.8 Ω kuqhutshwa yi-soil band kanye ne-auger-hole diameter discipline ohlangothini lokufaka. Ukuvumelana kwe-Backfill-chemistry akubalulekile kakhulu kune-auger-hole diameter discipline - okutholakele okwamangaza ithimba lethu le-QA lapho sihlola idatha yokuhlola kabusha yonyaka wesihlanu ngokumelene namarekhodi okufaka.

Leyo fomethi yedatha yensimu iphikisana nokwakhiwa okufakiwe manje, ngoUkulandelela kwe-IEA-PVPS, amandla amasha e-PV angaphezu kuka-400 GW ngonyaka.Isithombe se-IEA-PVPS sika-2024iqinisekisa ukuthi i-PV ehlanganisiwe idlule ku-2 TW;I-IEA Renewables 2024umbiko ubonisa ukuthi i-PV yesilinganiso sezinsizakusebenza izohlala ingumhlinzeki omkhulu kumandla amasha avuselelekayo kuze kube ngu-2030. Kumaqembu okuthenga, ukubumba umhlaba kusuke kumugqa ojwayelekile wenduku nesibambo kuya esigabeni esiqashelwayo sokucaciswa kwesilinganiso sezinsizakusebenza - futhi abahlinzeki abangakhiqiza umbiko wokuhlolwa kohlobo lwempahla ezine yibo abawina uphenyo.

10. Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Evela Kumaqembu Okuthenga E-EPC

Iyini i-electrode yokumisa yamakhemikhali yepulazi lelanga?

Induku yensimbi embozwe ngethusi efakwe phezulu futhi izungezwe yi-hygroscopic backfill compound emunca umswakama ozungezile, iqinise ukumelana kwe-electrode iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokunisela ngesandla. Esikhungweni saseSaudi, abangu-4,200 bathunyelwe kusukela ngo-2020 kuya ku-2022 ngesilinganiso esingu-3.1 Ω eneminyaka emihlanu.

Kungani ukubumba umhlaba ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kubalulekile kwi-PV esezingeni eliphezulu?

Izitshalo zimboza amashumi kuya kwamakhulu amahektha ngezindawo eziyizinkulungwane zama-electrode. I-electrode yendabuko emjikelezweni wokunisela wezinyanga eziyisithupha noma eziyishumi nambili ishiya impahla ingavikelekile uma ishejuli idlula. Ukutshala umhlabathi ngaphandle kokulungisa kususa umjikelezo.

Yikuphi ukumelana kwenhlabathi okuphezulu kakhulu ngenduku eqhutshwa yodwa?

Ngaphezu kwama-Ω·cm ayi-1,000, induku eyodwa eqhutshwa ngethusi ayikwazi ukufinyelela ngokuthembekile ngaphansi kwama-Ω ayi-5 ephepheni ngaphandle kwenani elingenangqondo lezinduku noma ukufakwa okujulile kakhulu. Esikhungweni saseSaudi, ama-73% e-array ayeku-band ye-Ω·cm eyi-1,000-2,000; ama-Ω·cm ayi-6% angaphezu kwama-2,000 athole ama-electrode e-delta-pattern.

Yiziphi izindinganiso ezisebenza ekufakweni kwamakhemikhali ezitshalweni ze-PV?

I-IEEE 837kwezixhumi,IEEE 80 / I-IEEE 665ngomklamo wesitayela sesiteshi esincane,I-IEC 62561-7zamakhemikhali okwakha umhlaba, kanyeI-NFPA 70 (NEC) Isigaba 690ukuze kusekelwe phansi uhlelo lwe-PV.I-NEMA GR-1imboza induku uqobo lwayo.

I-electrode yamakhemikhali ihlala isikhathi esingakanani isebenza?

I-electrode echazwe kahle inikeza ifasitela lokumelana elizinzile impilo yonke yomklamo weminyaka engu-25 kuya kwengu-30. I-Copper cladding ilawula ukugqwala kwe-galvanic; i-backfill ihlala isebenza ngoba i-hygroscopic. Ama-electrode angu-4,200 esitshalo saseSaudi awazange aniselwe kabusha selokhu afakwa.

Ingabe ama-electrode amakhemikhali ahlangabezana nezidingo ze-NEC 690?

Yebo.I-NFPA 70 (NEC) Isigaba 690imboza isisekelo sesistimu ye-PV; i-electrode yamakhemikhali enomgogodla ombozwe ngethusi kanyeI-IEEE 837izihlanganisi ziyahlangabezana nesidingo.

I-backfill chemistry ihluke kanjani ku-bentonite yodwa?

I-bentonite emsulwa i-hygroscopic kodwa inciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-ionic ngezikhathi zokomisa. I-backfill engenakho ukulungiswa inezela iphakethe likasawoti we-electrolyte (ngokuvamile i-magnesium sulfate) kanye nesithasiselo sokugcina umswakama.

Kufanele kubekwe kuphi ama-electrode amakhemikhali ku-PV array?

Esikhungweni saseSaudi: 1,316 kuma-inverter pads, 168 kuma-MV pads, 1,890 kumabhokisi okuhlanganisa, 2 kuzo zombili iziphetho zesiqu se-DC esingu-1.4 km, 24 kuma-ESE lightning terminals — 4,200 sezizonke. I-geometry iyahluka ngendawo.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-electrode yamakhemikhali nenduku yomhlabathi ye-ion ye-electrolytic?

Kusetshenziswa ngokushintshana kuma-datasheet amaningi.umugqa wethu, i-electrode yamakhemikhali isebenzisa ipayipi yethusi;induku yomhlabathi ye-ion ye-electrolyticisebenzisa umongo ombozwe ngethusi.

11. Isiphetho — Lokho Esikucele I-Saudi EPC Ukuba Isithumelele Kosuku Lokuqala

Uma ungunjiniyela wephrojekthi ye-EPC onedokhumenti yokuthenga evuliwe, ubuncane obusivumela ukuthi sicaphune ngaphandle kweluphu yokucacisa yamasonto ayisithupha yizinto ezifanayo eziyisithupha ithimba laseMadrid elizithumele ngo-Agasti 2020: umdwebo womugqa owodwa onezindawo ze-electrode, inhlolovo ye-Wenner enezingqimba ekujuleni okuhleliwe, izinhloso zokumelana ne-per-pad kanye ne-per-grid, indinganiso yokuxhuma (ngokuvamileI-IEEE 837), indinganiso ye-backfill compound (I-IEC 62561-7), kanye nemikhawulo ye-ESIA.

Kuphrojekthi ebukhoma, indlela esheshayo yi-ikhasi lomkhiqizo we-electrode yokumisa amakhemikhali, iinduku yomhlabathi ye-ion ye-electrolyticfuthiimodyuli yomhlabathiamakhasi, nomaEzi-5 Eziphezuluibhulogi.Xhumana nedeski lethu lokuthumela ngaphandleukuze kube nengxoxo eqondile.