TL;DR

Sizibonele mathupha ukuthi kwenzekani lapho ukufakwa komhlaba ngocingo lukagesi kungacaciswanga kahle. Eminyakeni yethu eyi-17 yokukhiqiza izigxobo zomhlaba kanye nezinduku zokufaka umhlabathi, ukwehluleka okungavinjelwa kakhulu kubangelwa ukukhethwa kabi kwezinto zokufaka emhlabathini esigabeni sokuthengwa.

Kungani Ukufakwa Komhlaba Okufanelekile Kunquma Ukusebenza Kocingo

Uma isilwane sithinta ucingo locingo oluphilayo, isekethe liphelela emzimbeni wesilwane, lidlule enhlabathini, bese libuyela endukwini yomhlabathi yocingo kagesi exhunywe ku-energizer esiyichazile. Uma leyo nduku yomhlabathi ingakwazi ukuhlakaza ugesi kahle emhlabeni ozungezile, i-voltage yethu ocingweni iyehla, futhi isilwane sithola ukushaqeka okubuthakathaka. Ifektri yethu ihlole amakhulu ezinhlobo ezahlukene zomhlabathi, futhi iphethini iphindaphinda njalo: isigxobo somhlabathi esichazwe kabi siyimbangela enkulu kakhulu yokusebenza kabi kocingo.

Esikhungweni sethu sokukhiqiza eXinchang, sikhiqizaizigxobo zomhlaba zethusi elihlanzekileububanzi obusukela ku-12 mm kuya ku-20 mm kanye nobude obusukela ku-1.2 m kuya ku-3 m. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-17 yokukhiqiza, sithumele ama-electrode okumisa umhlabathi kubasabalalisi bezolimo emazweni angaphezu kuka-40, futhi impendulo esiyiqoqayo igcizelela njalo into eyodwa: abasabalalisi abachaza izigxobo zomhlabathi zethusi ngokusekelwe kudatha yomhlabathi ebhalwe phansi bathola imbuyiselo encane yomkhiqizo kanye nokwethembeka okuqinile kumakhasimende okugcina kunalabo abakhetha intengo kuphela.

Ngokusho kwe-Isizindalwazi sokukhiqiza kwezolimo se-FAO, inani lemfuyo emhlabeni wonke liyaqhubeka nokukhula, okubangela isidingo sengqalasizinda yocingo ethembekile. Ngokwazi kwethu ukukhiqiza, abasabalalisi abaqonda isisekelo sobuchwepheshe bokubumba umhlaba bazibeka njengabaphakeli ababonisanayo kunabathengisi bezimpahla, futhi lowo mehluko usho ngqo ekugcinweni kwamakhasimende.

Uhla lwemikhiqizo yethu luhlanganisa ithusi elimsulwa, ithusi elimbozwe ngethusi, kanye nezigxobo zomhlabathi ezenziwe nge-galvanized ngoba isimo ngasinye somhlabathi kanye nesabelomali kudinga ikhambi elihlukile. Sisiza abasabalalisi ukuthi bafanise izinto ezifanele nemakethe yabo.

Ithusi Elimsulwa vs I-Copper-Clad vs Izinduku Ezine-Galvanized: Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile

Sakha zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zenduku, ngakho-ke umbono wethu ngokukhethwa kwezinto uvela kokuhlangenwe nakho kokukhiqiza okuqondile kunokuqagela kwekhathalogi. Izinto ngazinye zinendawo emakethe, futhi umsabalalisi ophethe zonke izinketho ezintathu angakhonza isisekelo samakhasimende abanzi. Sikhiqiza Ithebula elingezansi lifingqa izakhiwo ezibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwezigxobo zomhlaba zocingo lukagesi.

Imininingwane yethu yokukhiqiza ikhombisa ukuthiizinduku zomhlaba ezimbozwe ngethusiKuthatha indawo ephakathi nendawo abanye abathengi abangaqondi kahle. Ukufaka iplati kuhlukile ekufakeni iplati: ungqimba lwethusi luncane (ngokuvamile lungaphansi kuka-0.1 mm) futhi lunikeza isivikelo esincane. Sihlala sichaza lo mehluko nabalingani bokusabalalisa ngoba ukubhala induku efakwe iplati njengoba ifakelwe kuholela ezikhalweni lapho umkhiqizo wethu wehluleka enhlabathini ene-acidic. Uma amakhasimende akho elima ezindaweni ezine-pH yenhlabathi engathathi hlangothi futhi ufuna inketho yokuncintisana ngentengo, sibaqondisa kithiizinduku zomhlabathi ezifakwe i-galvanized or izinduku zokumisa ezifakwe i-galvanized, eziletha ukusebenza okuqinile ngentengo ephansi.

Kumasayithi anezidingo eziphezulu,isigaba senduku yomhlabathi yethusi emsulwakukhathalogi yethu sihlanganisa uhla oluphelele lwamadayamitha nobude. Siphinde sikhiqizeizinduku zomhlabathi ezimbozwe ngethusikubasabalalisi abanamakhasimende adinga ibhalansi yezindleko kanye nokuqhuba. Ithimba lethu lobunjiniyela lihlola ukugijima kokukhiqiza ngakunye ngokumelene nencazelo efanele ngaphambi kokukhipha isitoko, futhi sigcina amarekhodi ekhwalithi anemininingwane abuyela emuva ezitifiketini zezinto zokusetshenziswa.

Sakha izigxobo zomhlaba zethusi ezihlanzekile ezinobubanzi obusukela ku-10 mm kuya ku-20 mm kanye nobude obusukela ku-1 m kuya ku-3 amamitha. Ubukhulu obungezansi bubonisa lokho okushiwo ngabalingani bethu bokusabalalisa ezolimo kaningi ngokusetshenziswa kocingo lukagesi.

Ukucacisa Ubude Benduku, Ububanzi, kanye Nesigaba Esiphambeneyo

Amapharamitha amabili angokomzimba aqhuba ukumelana komhlabathi: indawo yokuxhumana kwenduku nenhlabathi kanye nokumelana nobuningi benhlabathi. Ukwandisa ubude noma ububanzi besigxobo somhlabathi wethusi kunciphisa ukumelana, kodwa ubude bunikeza imbuyiselo enkulu ngeyunithi ngayinye yezindleko zezinto zokwakha. Yingakho imininingwane yethu ithanda izinduku eziphakathi kuka-1.5 m no-2.4 m kunemiklamo emfushane yamafutha.

Ifektri yethu ikhiqiza osayizi abajwayelekile abalandelayo, futhi sisebenzisa ubude obungokwezifiso uma siceliwe:

• 12 mm x 1.2 m – Amapulazi okuhlala kanye nawokuzilibazisa amancane
• 14 mm x 1.5 m – Imisebenzi yemfuyo ephakathi nendawo (i-SKU yethu esiyikhethayo ejwayelekile)
• 14 mm x 2.0 m – Ucingo olujwayelekile lwezentengiselwano enhlabathini enodaka
• 16 mm x 2.4 m – Izindawo ezinkulu zokwalusa kanye nezindawo ezomile kancane
• 20 mm x 3.0 m – Izikhuthazi ezikhipha amandla amaningi ekufakweni kwepulazi

Uma ucacisa i-induku yokumisa ucingo kagesiUkuze kusatshalaliswe, seluleka ozakwethu ukuthi bagcine okungenani ubude obubili: induku engu-1.5 m yesitokwe esijwayelekile kanye nenduku engu-2.4 m yamakhasimende ezindaweni ezinemvula encane. Ukuzihlanganisa naleziizihlanganisi zenduku yethusikuvumela abafaki ukuthi bajoyine izingxenye ezimbili ukuze bathole ukujula okwengeziwe ngaphandle koku-oda izinduku ezinde ezikhethekile ezikhuphula izindleko zokuthumela.

Ithimba lethu lobunjiniyela lihlola idatha yokumelana nenhlabathi kuzo zonke izifunda zephrojekthi entsha esizifakayo. Isiqondiso esingezansi sivela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwethu ensimini kuwo wonke amazwekazi amahlanu.

Izimo Zenhlabathi Nokwakhiwa Kwesistimu Yokumisa Inhlabathi

Ukumelana nenhlabathi kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngokuqukethwe komswakama, ukwakheka kwamaminerali, kanye nokushisa. Sisebenze nabasabalalisi abakhonza amapulazi asogwini lwaseNew South Wales (e-Australia) lapho i-loam enothe ngosawoti ibhalisela khona amamitha angu-20 ohm, kanye nabalingani abahlinzeka ngamapulazi enkabeni yeTexas lapho inhlabathi enesihlabathi esomile idlula amamitha angu-500 ohm. Induku efanayo yomhlabathi yocingo kagesi esebenza kahle endaweni yokuqala izohluleka kweyesibili ngaphandle kokuthi umklami wesistimu abhalele ukumelana.

Ithimba lethu liklama izincomo zokutshala umhlabathi ngezigaba ezintathu zenhlabathi:

Ukumelana okuphansi (ngaphansi kuka-100 ohm-m): Inhlabathi enodaka noma emanzi. Ngokwesipiliyoni sethu sokukhiqiza, izinduku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu zethusi ezihlanzekile ezinobude obungu-1.5 m, ezihlukaniswe ngamamitha amathathu, zifinyelela ukumelana okuqondiwe ngaphansi kwama-ohm ayi-10 kuma-energizers afinyelela kuma-joules ayi-6.

Ukumelana okumaphakathi (100-300 ohm-m): I-Loam enomile ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokwesipiliyoni sethu sokukhiqiza, izinduku ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu ezinobude obungu-2.0 m, kuhlanganiswe nokulungiswa kwenhlabathi (ukugcwalisa i-bentonite backfill) uma kudingeka. Ifektri yethu ingahlinzeka ngenhlanganisela yokumisa exutshwe ngaphambilini epalethini eceleni kwezinduku ukuze kube lula ukuhambisa impahla kumakhasimende akho.

Ukumelana okuphezulu (ngaphezu kwama-300 ohm-m): Inhlabathi enesihlabathi, enamatshe, noma eyomile. Izinduku eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu ezingamamitha angu-2.4 noma ngaphezulu, noma ukushintshela kuma-electrode amakhemikhali angaphansi komhlaba. Sikhiqiza ama-electrode amakhemikhali angaphansi komhlaba kulezi zimo futhi singaxoxa ngokucushwa okwenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokusebenzisaithimba lokusekela ubunjiniyela.

Sifaka isiqondiso sokufaka kukho konke ukuthunyelwa ngoba indlela efanele yokushayela ithinta ngqo impilo yesevisi yokubeka. Imikhuba engezansi yilokho ochwepheshe bethu basensimini abakulandelayo.

Imininingwane Enconyiwe Yokufakwa Kwezindawo Zezolimo

Sivakashela izindawo zasemapulazini nabalingani bethu bokusabalalisa okungenani kabili ngonyaka, futhi amaphutha okufakwa ahlala engumthombo wesibili ngobukhulu wezikhalazo zokumisa umhlabathi (ngemuva kokungacaciswa kahle). Uhlu olulandelayo lokuhlola lubonisa lokho okufundiswa yithimba lethu lobunjiniyela basensimini phakathi nalezo zivakashi.

Shayela uqonde phezulu, hhayi nge-engeli. Induku egobile kuma-degree angu-30 kuya phezulu inobubanzi obungaphansi kuka-15% futhi iqoqa umswakama womphezulu esikhundleni sokufinyelela ungqimba olungaphansi oluzinzile. Sebenzisa isivalo sokushayela ukuvikela intambo ephezulu yenduku ngesikhathi sokufakwa.

Faka izinduku eziningi okungenani kabili ubude bazo phakathi. Kuzinduku ezingamamitha angu-2.0, gcina igebe okungenani elingamamitha angu-4. Ukuhlanganisa izinduku ndawonye kudala izindawo zokumelana ezihambisanayo futhi kuchitha izinto ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukumelana kwesistimu ngokulinganayo.

Faka eduze komthombo wamanzi uma kungenzeka. Izinduku ezibekwe ngaphakathi kwamamitha ama-5 ukusuka emgodini, edamini, noma endaweni yokunisela ziyazuza emswakama ophezulu wenhlabathi unyaka wonke. Lesi sinqumo sokubeka esisodwa singanciphisa inani lezinduku ezidingekayo ngesigamu.

Ukugcwalisa induku nge-conductive compound ezindaweni ezomile. Ukusonga induku nge-bentonite noma i-conductive backfill eyimfihlo kwandisa ububanzi obusebenzayo futhi kugcina umswakama uthintana ngezikhathi zesomiso. Sihlinzeka ngezinto zokugcwalisa induku ngezikhwama ezingama-25 kg ezithunyelwa ku-pallet efanayo nezinduku.

Ukuxhumanisa Izigxobo Zasemhlabathini Ne-Energizer

Ukuxhumana phakathi kwesigxobo somhlaba kanye ne-energizer ground terminal kuthwala ugesi ongasebenzi, ngakho-ke kumele kuphathe ukuphuma okuphelele kwe-energizer ngaphandle kokushisa noma ukugqwala. Ithimba lethu lobunjiniyela lincoma u-6 mm²(10 AWG) i-conductor yethusi efakwe uthango olusebenzisa amandla afinyelela kuma-joules ayi-10. Kumayunithi akhipha umkhiqizo ophezulu, finyelela ku-10 mm²(7 AWG) umqhubi.

Sikhiqizaiziqeshana zokufaka umhlaba eziphambeneyo zethusiezibopha umqhubi wethu endukwini ngaphandle kokunamathisela. Ithusi liyamelana nokugqwala kwe-galvanic uma lihlanganiswe nethusi, inhlanganisela ithimba lethu lekhwalithi eliyivivile kakhulu emakamelweni okufutha usawoti. Ukusebenzisa iziqeshana zensimbi endukwini yethusi kusheshisa ukugqwala engosini, inkinga esihlangana nayo njalo lapho sibuyekeza ukufakwa okuhlulekile.

Ukuze umqhubi agijime kusukela esigxotsheni somhlaba aye emshinini wokunika amandla, ngcwaba ikhebula okungenani ngamamilimitha angu-200 ngaphansi kwebanga ukuze alivikele ezinselweni zezilwane kanye nemishini yasepulazini. Lapho ikhebula lingena esakhiweni, faka i-surge arrestor endaweni yokungena. Lolu ngqimba lokuvikela luvimbela ama-voltage transients ukuthi alimaze i-energizer yangaphakathi ye-energizer, futhi ozakwethu bokusabalalisa abahlanganisa ama-arrestor ngama-grounding kits abo babika ukubuyiselwa kwewaranti ye-energizer okumbalwa kakhulu.

Amashejuli Okugcinwa Nokuhlolwa Kwezigxobo Zethusi

Isigxobo somhlaba sethusi asihlali siphinde sikhohlwe. Nakuba ithusi limelana nokugqwala kangcono kakhulu kunensimbi, izindawo zethu zokuxhuma, ukuvikela ugesi, kanye nezimo zenhlabathi ezizungezile konke kuyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Sincoma ukuthi abasabalalisi bafundise amakhasimende abo ngenqubo yokuhlola elula yonyaka.

Isinyathelo 1: Linganisa ukumelana komhlabathi. Nqamula ucingo lomhlabathi ku-energizer bese usebenzisa i-ground resistance tester. Ukufundwa kwethagethi kocingo lwezolimo kungaphansi kwama-ohm ayi-10. Uma ukumelana kukhuphuke ngaphezu kwama-ohm angama-25 selokhu kwafakwa, engeza izinduku noma uthuthukise i-backfill yethu.

Isinyathelo 2: Hlola ukuxhumana ngokubona. Bheka i-oxidation eluhlaza ku-conductor yethusi (ejwayelekile) uma kuqhathaniswa nempuphu emhlophe kuma-fittings e-aluminium noma ensimbi (ifulegi elibomvu). Shintsha noma yiziphi izinsimbi zensimbi ngethusi noma izingxenye ezingagqwali.izihlanganisi zenduku yethusikanye neziqeshana zenza le nqubo ibe lula njengoba zenzelwe ukuthintana ngqo phakathi kwethusi nethusi.

Isinyathelo 3: Hlola ukuchayeka kwenduku. Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi noma umsebenzi wesilwane kungaveza ingxenye ephezulu yenduku. Uma induku engaphezu kuka-150 mm ingaphezulu kwebanga, gcwalisa ngenhlabathi ehlanganisiwe noma inhlanganisela ehambisa umoya ukuze kulondolozwe izinga lomswakama esilihlolayo endaweni yokuxhumana.

Isinyathelo 4: Bhala phansi okutholakele. Ifektri yethu inikeza ilogi yokulungisa ephrintiwe ngokuthunyelwa ngakunye ehlanganisa amasimu okufundwa kokumelana, isimo sokuxhumeka, kanye nokuchayeka ezindongeni. Abasabalalisi abadlulisela le mibhalo kumakhasimende abo baqinisa umbono wobungcweti futhi banciphise inani lezingcingo zokusekela.

Ukuhambisana neMigomo Yomhlaba Wonke Yokusekela

Ucingo lukagesi lwezolimo lusebenza endaweni yokulawula ehlukahluka kuye ngezwe, futhi ozakwethu bokusabalalisa kudingeka baqonde ukuthi yiziphi izindinganiso ezisebenza emikhiqizweni abayithengisayo. Izinhlaka ezilandelayo zinikeza izinkomba eziyinhloko zokuthobela imithetho yama-electrode aphansi ezinhlelweni zocingo lukagesi.

I-UL 467ilawula imishini yokufaka isisekelo kanye neyokubopha eNyakatho Melika. Ifektri yethu inesitifiketi se-UL esisebenzayo sohla lwethu lwenduku yethusi, futhi konke ukuthunyelwa kufaka phakathi isimemezelo sokuthobela imithetho ye-UL. Abasabalalisi abangenisa e-United States noma eCanada kufanele baphikelele kumadokhumenti e-UL 467 avela kubaphakeli babo baseShayina njengoba iziphathimandla zamasiko kanye nezinhlangano zokuhlola ziqinisekisa la maphepha lapho kungena khona.

Imithethonqubo yokuphepha kagesi ye-OSHAzidinga ukuthi izinhlelo zokufaka isisekelo ezindaweni zezentengiselwano nezezimboni zihlangabezane nemingcele ethile yokumelana. Ngenkathi i-OSHA igxile ekuphepheni kwendawo yokusebenza kunokubiyela kwezolimo uqobo, izindawo eziqasha abasebenzi abaseduze nokubiyela kukagesi ziyazuza ngokubonisa ukuhambisana nezimfuneko ze-OSHA 1910 Subpart S.

IIzinga le-IEC 60335-2-76ihlanganisa izikhuthazi zocingo zikagesi kanye nezinhlelo zazo zokusekela phansi ezingeni lomhlaba wonke. EYurophu,izidingo zesistimu yokumba umhlabaOkukhulunywe ngakho ku-IEC 62305 mayelana nokuvikelwa kombani kusebenza nalapho abaqhubi bocingo behlanganyela ingqalasizinda yokumisa phansi nezinduku zombani. Seluleka bonke abalingani bokusabalalisa ukuthi bacele imibiko yokuhlola evela emalabhorethri agunyaziwe abhekisela ezigabeni ezithile ezijwayelekile ezihambisana nemakethe yabo abayiqondile.

Uhlelo lwethu lokuphatha ikhwalithi ye-ISO 9001 lulawula zonke izigaba zokukhiqiza, kusukela esitokisini senduku yethusi engenayo kuya ekudwebeni, ekushiseni, ekusikeni intambo, ekupakisheni, nasekuthumeleni. Sigcina amarekhodi okulandelela axhumanisa induku ngayinye eqediwe nenombolo yayo yokushisa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, izinga lemibhalo elihlangabezana ngisho nabahloli bokuthengwa abaqinile. Ukuze uthole ingxoxo eningiliziwe ngamakhono ethu efektri kanye nephothifoliyo yesitifiketi, vakashela i-ikhasi lokuxhumanaukucela iphrofayili yenkampani yethu kanye nemibiko yokuhlolwa komkhiqizo.