Umhlahlandlela wokufaka ohlangothini lomakhi wemishini: izakhiwo zokugcwalisa emuva ezinquma ukusebenza kwephedi yesikhathi eside, amadokhumenti ayisithupha omhlinzeki okufanele awafune ngaphambi kokukhipha, uhlu lwensimu oluhlala isikhathi eside ekuqalisweni, kanye namadokhumenti akuvikelayo ekuxazululeni iwaranti.
TL;DR — Uhlu lokuhlola lokufakwa kwangaphambi konkontileka
- I-backfill yenza umsebenzi kagesi, hhayi induku.I-electrode egayiwe ngamakhemikhali iyi-conductor embozwe ngethusi ngaphakathi kwekholomu ye-backfill e-hygroscopic. I-backfill yiyo egcina ukumelana kwephedi kuzinzile phakathi nokushintsha komswakama kwesizini.
- Funa amadokhumenti ayisithupha ngaphambi kokukhipha impahla.Umbiko wokuhlola uhlobo (ukunciphisa ukumelana, ukuzinza kwe-ionic ku-60 °C / izinsuku ezingu-30, ukugcinwa komswakama, ukuhambisana ne-ESIA), isitatimende se-IEC 62561-7, isitifiketi se-NEMA GR-1, isitatimende sesixhumi se-IEEE 837, izinombolo ze-lot, umhlahlandlela wokufaka ngolimi lweqembu lokufaka.
- Ububanzi be-Auger buyi-variable enkulu kunazo zonke eseceleni kokufakwa.Ekuthunyelweni kwe-ME kwe-ShiBang kusukela ngo-2020-2025, ama-electrode okuqala angu-200 ane-auger engu-75 mm afunde isilinganiso esingu-5.8 Ω uma kuqhathaniswa nethagethi engu-5 Ω; amanye angu-4,000 ane-auger engu-100 mm afunde isilinganiso esingu-3.1 Ω. I-delta engu-0.4 Ω, ngesandla esisodwa esivela kunkontileka.
- Bhala phansi konke okudingayo ekuxazululweni kwewaranti yonyaka wesithathu.Imibhalo yabaphakeli, umdwebo owakhiwe njengoba unjalo onezindawo ze-electrode nezinombolo zezindawo, izithombe zezinyathelo zokufaka, ukufundwa okungenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Umakhi onikeza ukufundwa kwephedi kuphela akanalo ukuzivikela.
Uhlaka engifuna ukuqinisa kulo lesi sihloko ukuvezwa kwewaranti konkontileka. Uma i-electrode engaphansi kwamakhemikhali idlula ifasitela le-touch-voltage ngonyaka wesithathu noma wesine - futhi ikwenza lokho, ezindaweni lapho isiyalo sokufaka sasikhululekile - i-EPC kanye nomnikazi wephrojekthi balandelela ukwehluleka emuva ngeketanga lewaranti. Unkontileka owafaka i-electrode yilona iqembu okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi lithathe izindleko zokulungisa kabusha, ngoba iwaranti yomhlinzeki ivame ukungabandakanyi umsebenzi womfaki futhi irekhodi lomfaki yilona kuphela idokhumenti efakazela ukuthi ukufakwa kufanelane nemininingwane. Unkontileka onikeza kuphela ukufundwa kwephedi yokuqalisa - ngaphandle kwephakheji yamadokhumenti yomhlinzeki, umdwebo owakhiwe, izithombe zokufaka, kanye nezinombolo zebhetshi ezingalandelelwa - akanalo ukuzivikela uma ukuhlolwa kabusha konyaka wesithathu kubuyela ngaphezu kwenhloso.
Lesi sihloko silingana nohlangothi lokufaka lwemibhalo evikela umakhi. Sibhalelwe umfaki oholayo kanye nomphathi wendawo, hhayi unjiniyela wokuthenga we-EPC. Indaba iwukulandelana kokufakwa kusukela ngesikhathi izinto zifika endaweni ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okungenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqalisa ukusebenza - futhi kuzo zonke izinyathelo, lokho umakhi okufanele akufune, ukuqopha nokugcina.
1. Lokho Okwenziwa Yi-Backfill (Nokuthi Kungani Ibaluleke Kakhulu Kune-Rod)
Iningi labakhi abafaka i-electrode egayiwe ngamakhemikhali okokuqala bayicabanga “njengenduku embozwe ngethusi enompuphu ompunga ozungezile.” Lokho kubumba akusebenzi kahle. Ingaphakathi elimbozwe ngethusi liyi-conductor; i-backfill iyi-interface kagesi. Ku-electrode embozwe ngamakhemikhali echazwe kahle, i-interface ye-rod-to-soil iziphatha njengenhlabathi engaba ngu-200 kuya ku-400 Ω·cm kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inhlabathi eningi ifundani — ngoba i-backfill ibamba umswakama ebusweni benduku futhi ikhipha kancane kancane okuqukethwe yi-ionic kumthamo wenhlabathi osheshayo. Ngaphandle kwe-backfill, induku iyintambo esihlabathini esithinta umoya.
I-backfill iwubumba oluvuvukalayo (ngokuvamile i-bentonite, ngezinye izikhathi ubumba olufana nolweminerali) oluhlanganiswe nosawoti we-electrolyte (ngokuvamile i-magnesium sulfate, i-sodium chloride ayikaze ihlasele ama-cores ambozwe ngethusi ngisho nangaphakathi kwe-sheath yethusi) kanye nesithasiselo sokugcina umswakama. Izinga le-IEC 62561-7 liyindlela yokuhlola echaza ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuthi “okuchazwe kahle” kuzinombolo ezingahlolwa:
| Indawo yokugcwalisa emuva | Lokho ekulawulayo kusevisi | Umkhawulo wokwamukelwa (ngomuntu ngamunyeI-IEC 62561-7) |
|---|---|---|
| Isici sokunciphisa ukumelana nomswakama obhekiselwe kuwo | Isilinganiso somhlabathi ohlanganisiwe nobuningi ngesikhathi sokusebenza | Ukunciphisa okungu-≥ 10:1 kumswakama obhekiselwe kumhlinzeki |
| Ukuqina kwe-ionic kwesikhathi eside ku-60 °C / izinsuku ezingama-30 | Ukuthi ikhemistri iyasinda yini esikhathini sokuqala semvula | Ukunciphisa ukumelana okungu-≥ 80% kugciniwe |
| Ukugcinwa komswakama emjikelezweni wokomisa wezinsuku ezingu-90 | Ukuthi ikhemistri iyasinda yini esikhathini sokuqala esomile | ≥ 60% umswakama ogcinwe ku-35 °C / 30% RH |
| Ukuthobela imithetho yezemvelo esigabeni se-ESIA | Ukuthi i-chemistry ibangela ifulege lomhlabathi yini lapho idluliselwa | Ngaphansi komkhawulo we-leachate wensimbi elawulwayo (olingana ne-TCLP) |
2. Imibhalo Eyisithupha Usonkontileka Okufanele Ayifune Ngaphambi Kokuthulula Izinto
Ngaphambi kokuba izinto zokwakha ziphume elolini, umakhi usuke enemibhalo eyisithupha esandleni. Noma iyiphi into engekho ibuyiselwa emuva noma imbuyiselo; usuku umakhi aluchitha efuna imibhalo ehhovisi lushibhile kunosuku umakhi aluchitha esebenza kabusha ekufakeni kamuva.
| Idokhumenti | Kungani inkontileka iyidinga | Lapho kuvela khona efayeleni lewaranti |
|---|---|---|
| (1) Umbiko wokuhlolwa kwezinhlobo ezine zempahla | Kufakazela ukufana kwe-chemistryI-IEC 62561-7; idokhumenti kuphela evikela umakhi lapho iphedi likhukhuleka ngonyaka wesithathu | Ifayela lewaranti, ikhasi 1 |
| (2) Isitatimende sokuthobela imithetho se-IEC 62561-7 | Ireferensi yomugqa owodwa endleleni yokuhlola; ihlolwe ngokuphambene nombiko wokuhlolwa kohlobo | Ifayela lewaranti, ikhasi 2 |
| (3)I-NEMA GR-1isitifiketi sobukhulu | Iqinisekisa ububanzi obungu-±0.1 mm bobukhulu obujwayelekile, bethusi obungu-≥254 µm, ukunemba okungu-≤1 mm ngama-300 mm | Ifayela lewaranti, ikhasi 3 |
| (4)I-IEEE 837isitatimende sokuhambisana kwesixhumi | Iqinisekisa ukuthi uhlobo lwesixhumi luhambisana nomthwalo we-impulse-current; ama-clamp omshini awavunyelwe | Ifayela lewaranti, ikhasi 4 |
| (5) Izinombolo zeqembu ezingalandelelwa yiLoti | Induku ngayinye kanye nesikhwama ngasinye sokugcwalisa emuva sinenombolo yebhetshi; yilokhu okushiwo isimangalo sewaranti. | Ifayela lewaranti, ikhasi 5 (futhi ligxivizwe kuyo yonke intonga ekwakhiweni kwayo) |
| (6) Umhlahlandlela wokufaka ngolimi lweqembu lokufaka | Ububanzi be-Auger, inani lokugcwalisa emuva ngomgodi ngamunye, i-geometry yokuhlola-umgodi — konke kushiwo njengezinombolo, hhayi izichasiso | Ifayela lewaranti, ikhasi 6 |
Ngasohlangothini lomhlinzeki, iphakheji yedokhumenti ayiyona into ongayikhetha — yiyo ehlukanisa umhlinzeki we-electrode yamakhemikhali enhlabathini othembekile kumthengisi we-rod-and-clamp ojwayelekile. I-ShiBang ithumela iphakheji yedokhumenti eyisithupha enayo yonkei-electrode yokuthunga yamakhemikhaliukuthunyelwa, bese uphinda ukhiphe umbiko wokuhlolwa kohlobo lwe-batch ngayinye. Isigameko sango-2022 seqembu lomhlinzeki efektri yethu — amasampula ayi-12 kwangu-38 awela esivivinyweni sokuzinza kwe-ionic esingu-60 °C / izinsuku ezingu-30 ekugcinweni okungu-65%, ngaphansi komkhawulo ongu-80% — abanjwe ku-Q3 ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Usonkontileka othola umbiko wokuhlolwa kohlobo lwe-batch futhi obona inombolo ye-batch kuyo unomkhondo wokuhlolwa.
3. Umkhakha Wobubanzi Be-Auger — Okuguquguqukayo Okukhulu Kakhulu Kokufaka Ohlangothini
Kuma-variable alawulwa ngumakhi wokufaka i-electrode engaphansi kwamakhemikhali, ububanzi be-auger bukhulu kunabo bonke. Ukuthunyelwa kwe-ME kwe-ShiBang kuka-2020-2025 kunedatha yokufaka inombolo kukho. Kuma-electrode okuqala angu-200 okuthunyelwa kwama-electrode angu-4,200 endaweni yaseSaudi, unjiniyela wendawo ye-EPC wasebenzisa i-auger engu-75 mm - i-auger efanayo naleyo eyayisetshenziswe kuphrojekthi ye-driven-rod yangaphambilini. Ukufundwa kwensimu kubuye ku-5.8 Ω isilinganiso uma kuqhathaniswa nethagethi engu-5 Ω. Sithuthele ku-auger engu-100 mm kuma-electrode angu-4,000 asele futhi isilinganiso sehle saya ku-3.1 Ω. Umehluko we-0.4 Ω uyi-variable enkulu kakhulu yokufaka ohlangothini olulodwa ekufakweni kwe-electrode yamakhemikhali - futhi iyi-variable elawulwa ngumakhi wokwakha, hhayi ifektri.
| Ububanzi benduku | Ububanzi obuncane be-auger | Kungani |
|---|---|---|
| Ingaphakathi elimbozwe ngethusi elingu-17.2 mm | 100 mm | Ngaphansi kuka-100 mm, i-backfill annulus ayitholi amanzi ngendlela efanele. |
| Ingaphakathi elimbozwe ngethusi elingu-25.4 mm (nomainduku yomhlabathi ye-ion ye-electrolytic) | 150 mm | I-geometry esindayo embozwe ngethusi idinga i-annulus ebanzi ukuze ibeke ikholomu yokugcwalisa emuva. |
| Imodyuli yomhlabathi(ukufakwa okuvundlile) | Umgodi ombiwe ekujuleni okuhleliwe, ubekwe imodyuli, ugcwaliswe futhi uncane | Ukufakwa okuvundlile — akukho auger; ubukhulu bomgodi ngomhlahlandlela wokufaka womhlinzeki ngamunye. |
4. Uchungechunge Lokufaka Oluhlala Lukhona Ekuqalisweni Komsebenzi
Uchungechunge lokufaka olungezansi yilona ithimba lokusekela ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe le-ShiBang elihamba nomphathi wendawo kukho konke ukuthunyelwa kwe-ME, Africa kanye ne-SEA. Luchungechunge olufanayo ku-electrode yomhlaba yamakhemikhali engu-17.2 mm, entongeni yomhlaba ye-electrolytic ion engu-25.4 mm, kanye naku-module yomhlaba ye-graphite yekholomu. Uchungechunge lubhalwe phansi ngomgodi ngamunye kumdwebo owakhiwe, futhi izithombe ezithathwe esinyathelweni ngasinye zifakwa kuphakheji yewaranti.
- Hlanganisa umgodi ube ububanzi obufanele.Sebenzisa i-auger eqondile enobubanzi obuchazwe ngumhlinzeki. I-auger ifinyelele ekujuleni okuhleliwe okuphelele kanye no-50 kuya ku-100 mm owengeziwe phansi komgodi wokuhlola. Gwema ukufaka emanzini amile - isikhathi sokoma sezinsuku ezingu-14 ngaphambi kokufaka siwumthetho ovamile ezindaweni ezomile.
- Beka induku kanye nokugcwalisa emuva emsebenzini owodwa.Yehlisa induku emgodini ogcwele amanzi. Gcwalisa i-annulus ngenhlanganisela yokugcwalisa ehlanganisiwe yomkhiqizi ngaphambi kokuvala umgodi wokuhlola. Ungaxubi i-backfill nenhlabathi yemvelo. Ungagcwalisi ingxenye bese ubuya ngosuku olulandelayo. Ungavumeli umgodi uhlale uvulekile ubusuku bonke. Ngayinye yalezi zindawo idala igebe elihlanganisiwe noma ikholomu yokugcwalisa engcolile enhlabathini okuzobonakala ngokushesha ukufundwa kwensimu nokuthi ukuhlolwa kabusha konyaka wesithathu kuzoqinisekisa.
- Xhumana ne-I-IEEE 837-isixhumi esisohlwini.Isixhumi esishiselwe nge-exothermic noma sohlobo lokucindezela, hhayi isixhumi somshini. Izixhumi zomshini ziyahluleka ukuhlolwa kwe-impulse-current ku-IEC 62561-1 futhi ziyimodi yokwehluleka kokuqala evame kakhulu ngaphansi kokushaya kombani. Qopha uhlobo lwesixhumi, inombolo ye-lot, kanye nenani le-torque kumdwebo owakhiwe njengoba unjalo.
- Qinisekisa ngokuhlolwa okungenzeka ukuthi kuwile (ngokomndeni wezindlela ze-IEEE 81).Bhala phansi ukumelana, izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi, kanye nokufundwa komswakama. Thatha isithombe somgodi wokuhlola, uxhumano olukhona, kanye nezindawo zokuhlola ezingaba khona. Imibhalo emine ndawonye — umbiko wokuhlolwa kohlobo, umdwebo okhona, izithombe zokufaka, ukufundwa okungaba khona — yifayela lokuvikela iwaranti.
5. Okufanele Ukwenze Uma Ukufundwa Kokugunyazwa Kubi
Ukufundwa kabi kokugunyazwa kwemishini akuvamile. Imbangela evame kakhulu akuyona ikhemikhali noma induku - ukufakwa kwayo. Usonkontileka kufanele enze ukuhlola okuthathu ngaphambi kokulungiswa kabusha.
- Qinisekisa izindawo zokuhlola ezingase zinciphe.I-probe ebekwe eduze kakhulu ne-electrode ifunda kancane ukumelana; i-probe ebekwe kude kakhulu ifunda kakhulu. I-geometry efanele umthetho ka-61.8% (i-probe ephindwe izikhathi ezingu-0.618 kunebanga le-electrode-kuya-elisizayo).
- Kala kabusha ngethuluzi elihlukile.Iphutha lethuluzi livame kakhulu kunephutha lomqhubi. Ithuluzi lesibili eliku-electrode efanayo lizoxazulula iningi lezingcingo "zokufunda kubukeka kungalungile" zingakapheli imizuzu eyishumi.
- Hlola umgodi wokuhlola ukuthi awunamanzi amile yini.Umgodi ogcwele amanzi ubonakala ungangenisi umoya kakhulu emitha kodwa ufunda ukumelana okuphezulu uma womile. Ukufundwa okukalayo akusikho ukufundwa i-EPC ezokulinganisa ekuhlolweni kabusha.
Uma konke ukuhlolwa okuthathu kudlula futhi ukufundwa kusengaphezu kwenhloso, izinketho zokulungisa yilezi:
- Ama-electrode aphindwe kabili anephethini ye-delta— engeza induku eyodwa emgodini ofanayo, amamitha amabili ukusuka kowokuqala, ohlanganiswe nge-exothermically kuya kumqhubi wokuqala. Ukumelana kwephedi okuphumelelayo kwehla cishe ngo-40%.
- Imojula yomhlabathi ihambisana— beka imojuli ye-graphite yekholomu emgodini ovundlile eduze kwe-electrode yokuqala. Ukumelana kwephedi okuphumelelayo kwehla ngo-30 kuya ku-50% kuye ngobukhulu bemojuli kanye nebhande lomhlabathi.
- I-electrode eyengeziwe ku-3 × ukujula kokuqala— kuphela lapho iphrofayili yomhlabathi ivumela khona (akukho caliche endaweni ejulile). Izikali zokumelana namaphedi eziphumelelayo ngokujula, kodwa ukufakwa kubiza ngokushesha.
Zonke izinketho ezintathu zidinga ukufundwa okubukeziwe kokwehla okungenzeka ngaphambi kokuba ukulungiswa kabusha kugcwaliswe. Umakhi ogcwalisa kabusha kuqala bese efunda kamuva akanayo imibhalo uma ukulungiswa kabusha kwehluleka.
6. Ukuvala — Lapho Ukufaka Amadokhumenti Kuya Khona
Ifayela lokuvikela iwaranti lomakhi linezingxenye ezine: (1) iphakheji yamadokhumenti omphakeli (amadokhumenti ayisithupha); (2) umdwebo owakhiwe njengoba unjalo onezindawo ze-electrode, ububanzi be-auger, inani lokugcwalisa emuva, izinhlobo zezixhumi, izinombolo zezindawo kanye namanani e-torque; (3) izithombe zesinyathelo sokufaka (umgodi ohlanganisiwe, induku engaphakathi emgodini, ukugcwalisa emuva, umgodi wokuhlola ovaliwe, uxhumano oluqediwe); (4) ukufundwa kokuwa kwamandla lapho kuqaliswa ngokushisa kwenhlabathi kanye nomswakama. Izingxenye ezine ndawonye yilokho umakhi akunikeza i-EPC kanye nomnikazi wephrojekthi ekupheleni kwephrojekthi.
Uhlangothi lomhlinzeki lwale nkontileka luwumthwalo wemfanelo womkhiqizi. I-ShiBang ithumela iphakheji yemibhalo eyisithupha enayo yonkei-electrode yokuthunga yamakhemikhaliithumela futhi ikhipha kabusha umbiko wokuhlola uhlobo kuqoqo ngalinye. Umhlahlandlela wokufaka ungesiNgisi, isiFulentshi, isiJalimane, iSpanishi, isiRashiya, isi-Arabhu nesiJapane — izilimi zamaqembu okufaka emakethe yokuthumela ngaphandle lapho igebe lamadokhumenti likhulu kunawo wonke. Kwiphakethe lesampula elinephakheji lamadokhumenti ayisithupha elinamathiselwe kusengaphambili, indlela esheshayo yileyoikhasi lokuxhumana nathiUkuthunyelwa kwesampula kwamaphrojekthi e-PV asezingeni eliphezulu e-ME, e-Afrika nase-SEA kushiya ifektri kungakapheli isonto elifanayo, nezimpendulo zobuchwepheshe zingakapheli usuku olulodwa lokusebenza.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-01-2026