Eziningi zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokusekela isisekelo, umqhubi wensimbi yethusi (CCS) ongu-40% we-IACS ongu-40% uyisinqumo esifanele esizenzakalelayo, kanti ithusi eliqinile liyisinqumo esifanele kuphela lapho amandla e-fault-current noma i-chemistry yenhlabathi ikufuna ngempela. Ngithi ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi nambili yokuthumela zombili izinto ezivela efektri yethu yaseXinchang: ucingo lwe-IACS CCS olungu-40% lunikeza cishe u-40% wokuqhuba kwethusi elifakwe emanzini abandayo ngamandla okudonswa kabili noma kane, ungqimba lwethusi olungu-0.25 mm oluqopha ukusekelwa komkhiqizo wethu isikhathi sempilo yesevisi esingaphezu kweminyaka engu-50, kanye nenani le-scrap eliphansi ngokwanele ukuthi amasela alinaki kakhulu. Ithusi eliqinile elingu-99.97% lisaphumelela ekuqhubeni okuluhlaza — 90% kuya ku-99.9% IACS uma kuqhathaniswa nobubanzi bethu be-CCS obungu-15% kuya ku-40% IACS — ngakho-ke uma ukubalwa kwakho kwe-fault-current ye-IEEE 80 kungashiyi mkhawulo, ithusi liyimpendulo eqotho. Ingxenye esele yalesi sihloko idlula ezicini ezinhlanu engizisebenzisayo nomphathi wokuthengwa kwempahla ongibuza umbuzo we-CCS-noma-wethusi, ngezinombolo zangempela ezivela emibikweni yethu yokuhlolwa kwemishini esikhundleni sezimangalo zencwajana.

Isilinganiso se-IACS esingu-40%: Kungani Siqhubeka Sibonakala Ezicacisweni Zokusetshenziswa?

I-IACS imele i-International Annealed Copper Standard, umhlangano wango-1913 owamisa ukuhanjiswa kwethusi elifakwe ezitolo njengo-100% futhi walinika ukumelana okungu-0.017241 Ω·mm²/m ku-20°C. Isibalo ngasinye sokuhanjiswa kwegesi kulesi sihloko - kanye nesibalo ngasinye esisezitifiketini zethu zokugaya - siyiphesenti laleyo benchmark. Uma incazelo ifuna "ucingo lwe-IACS olungu-40%," icela umqhubi okumelana kwakhe okungu-0.017241 ohlukaniswe ngo-0.40, okusebenza cishe ku-0.0431 Ω·mm²/m. Ngithola ukuthi uma abathengi bebona leso sigaba esisodwa, yonke impikiswano ye-CCS-versus-copper iba izibalo esikhundleni sokumaketha.

Kungani kungu-40% hhayi u-30% noma u-21%? Ekuhlangenwe nakho kwethu kokuthumela kwamanye amazwe izinga elingu-40% laba yi-utility default ngesizathu esisebenzayo: yiklasi yokuqhuba ephezulu kakhulu efinyelelwa yinsimbi embozwe ngethusi kumazinga ajwayelekile adonswe kanzima ambozwe yi-I-ASTM B227(Ibanga 40 HS kanye neBanga 40 EHS) kanye nezakhiwo ezilahlekile zeI-ASTM B228. Cindezela ngaphezu kuka-40% bese ucela ngempela ukumbozwa kwethusi okujiyile kunalokho okwakhiwe umndeni womkhiqizo odwetshwe kanzima, lapho igebe lentengo ngokumelene nethusi eliqinile lincipha ngokushesha.Ngenxa yokuthi ubukhulu be-cladding buqhuba izindleko zezinto zokwakha, umqhubi we-CCS ongaphezu kuka-40% we-IACS uyeka ukuba yindlela engabizi kakhulu kunethusi eliqinile.Ngitshela amaqembu okuthenga ukuthi aphathe i-IACS engu-40% njengomkhawulo we-CCS engabizi, futhi aphathe noma yini engaphezu kwayo njengophawu lokuthi abeke intengo yethusi eliqinile esikhundleni salokho.

Intambo yensimbi embozwe ngethusi phansi kokukhiqiza kwe-Xinchang, ipakishwe ngeroli yamaphrojekthi okusekela ugesi — amakilasi okuqhuba ugesi asukela ku-15% kuya ku-40% we-IACS emgqeni ofanayo.

Ukuqhuba Kwensimbi Embozwe Ngethusi Kumagridi Angempela Okumisa Inhlabathi: Unikela Kangakanani Empeleni?

Ephepheni, igebe lokudlulisa amandla libukeka libi kakhulu: izingcingo zethu zethusi ezihlanzekile zivivinya ku-90%–99.9% IACS ngokumelana ngaphansi kuka-0.017241 Ω·mm²/m, kuyilapho ububanzi bethu be-CCS bugijima ku-15%–40% IACS. Nokho, kugridi yokusekela, inombolo ebalulekile akuyona ukuqhuba amandla okuzihlukanisa — ukuthi ngabe umqhubi uyasinda yini uma iphutha likhona isifundo sakho esilinikeza lona. I-IEEE 80, indinganiso esetshenziswa kakhulu yizinsizakusebenza zokuklama igridi yesiteshi esincane (I-IEEE Std 80), senza ama-conductor alingane ngokuhlanganisa ugesi kanye nobude bawo, hhayi ngokumelana kuphela. Uma sisebenzisa iphutha elifanayo le-40 kA, imizuzwana engu-0.5 ngokusebenzisa amafomula ajwayelekile okuhlanganisa, umqhubi we-IACS CCS ongu-40% udinga cishe izikhathi ezingu-2.5 kune-cross-section yethusi ukuze afinyelele umkhawulo ofanayo wokushisa - lokho kuyisici sokuguqulwa esithembekile, futhi ngikubhala phansi kukho konke ukucashunwa esikukhiphayo.

Leyo factor engu-2.5× izwakala sengathi iyaphula isivumelwano kuze kube yilapho ubeka inani le-assembly ephelele. I-CCS enobubanzi obukhulu isasebenzisa ithusi elincane kakhulu ngobuningi,Ngenxa yokuthi ingaphakathi lensimbi lithwala umthwalo womshini, kudingeka ungqimba lwethusi olungu-0.25 mm kuphela ukuze kwenziwe ukuhanjiswa kwegesi.— futhi kuma-frequency angama-60 Hz amaza kagesi ahlangana phezulu noma kunjalo, okuyilapho ithusi likhona khona. Ithimba lethu lobunjiniyela lihambise abathengi abaningana kule mpikiswano yomphumela wesikhumba ngemidwebo yangempela yesigaba esiphambene; uma sebebona ukuthi indlela yamanje kanye nethusi kusendaweni efanayo yangaphandle, ukuphikisa kokuqhuba ugesi kuvame ukuthamba.

Lapho ngingayincomi khona i-CCS kuphambene kakhulu: iziteshi ezincane zasemadolobheni lapho ububanzi bomsele kanye nokujula kokushayela induku kulungiswa khona futhi ucwaningo lwamaphutha alushiyi ndawo yokukhulisa umqhubi. Kulawo maphrojekthi sicaphuna ucingo lwethusi oluhlanzekile olungu-99.97% ngaphandle kokuxolisa,ngobaakukho nzuzo yomshini ekhokhela ingxenye ehlukene ongeke uyifake ngokomzimba. Umhlinzeki ofaka i-CCS kuleso simo uthengisa ngokumelene nocwaningo lwakho lwamaphutha, futhi ngingathanda ukulahlekelwa yi-oda kunokuba igridi isebenze kahle ngonyaka wesithathu.

I-CCS ehlanganisiwe ngaphansi kokukhulisa: i-monofilament ngayinye (1.4–3.2 mm) iyi-core yensimbi eboshwe ngensimbi engqimbeni yethusi engu-0.25 mm — ukwakheka ngemuva kwesilinganiso se-IACS esingu-40%.

I-CCS noma i-Solid Copper: Ubukhulu Obuhlanu Obunquma Ukuthi Yimuphi Umqhubi Owina Imininingwane Yakho

Uma umthengi wezinsizakusebenza engithumelela i-RFQ ethi “CCS noma ithusi — ngicela ungitshele,” angiphenduli ngedathashithi. Ngiphendula ngokuqhathanisa kwemigqa emihlanu ngezansi,ngobaEminyakeni eyishumi nambili yama-oda okuthumela kwamanye amazwe isinqumo besilokhu sifinyelela kwesinye salezi zilinganiso ezinhlanu: ukuguquguquka komoya, amandla omshini, impilo yokugqwala, ukuvezwa kokwebiwa, kanye nokumbozwa kwezindinganiso. Konke okunye kunomsindo. Izibalo zivela kumarekhodi ethu okukhiqiza kanye nemibiko yokuhlolwa kwemishini, hhayi ezilinganisweni zemboni.

Imigqa emibili yalelo tafula ifanelwe ukubukeka okwesibili,ngobayibo abathengi abavame ukubabuyisela emuva. Okokuqala, amandla okudonsa awavamile ukuba nawo: ku-drill ende evundlile noma i-overhead ground-wire span, i-conductor ethambile yethusi inganwebeka futhi intamo yehle ngesikhathi sokufakwa, bese ingxenye enentamo iba yindawo eshisayo kugridi yakho. Intambo yethu ye-CCS ku-560–1040 MPa iyazishaya indiva izimbobo ezingalimaza unomphela ithusi elifakwe, yingakho abasebenzi bomugqa abafake bobabili bevame ukucacisa i-CCS okwesibili. Okwesibili, umugqa wokugqwala: umbuzo engiwuzwa kakhulu ukuthi ngabe ungqimba lwethusi olungama-0.25 mm luyasinda yini ngaphansi komhlaba, futhi impendulo yethu irekhodi lempilo yesevisi yesisekelo esifakiwe - i-bonded cladding ayiplati, futhi ayiqhekeki noma ayibophi ngendlela i-electroplated coating encane engenza ngayo.

Ukuhlolwa Kweqiniso Lemishini: Ingabe Ithusi Eliqinile Lingasinda Ekudonsweni?

Nansi imodi yokwehluleka engabonakali kumashadi okuqhuba ugesi. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, umakhi wasithinta ngemuva kokuba ucingo olufakwe ethusi oluvela komunye umthombo luwele kabi ngesikhathi sokufakwa isikhathi eside; abasebenzi bathole umonakalo kuphela lapho ukufundwa kokumelana kwegridi kubuya kungavumelani ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Isixazululo kwakuwukumba nokushintsha izingxenye eziphelele. Ngabelana ngaleyo ndaba nomthengi ngamunye ophatha amandla okudonsa njengento yesibili,ngobaumqhubi oshibhile ngemitha uba ngobiza kakhulu ngekhilomitha elifakiwe ngesikhathi iqembu lidinga ukuwudonsa kabili.

Nge-CCS i-physics isebenza ngenye indlela. Ingaphakathi lensimbi lithwala umthwalo wokufaka — intambo yethu ihlola phakathi kuka-560 no-1040 MPa kuye ngebanga — futhi i-copper cladding imane ihambisane nohambo. Sincoma ukwakhiwa kwezintambo ezi-7 zomsebenzi wegridi obekwe ngesandla kanye nezintambo ezingu-19 noma ezingu-37 lapho ukugijima kuhilela ukugoba, ama-roller, noma ukudonsa amehlo,ngobaama-monofilament acwebezelayo azungeze i-radius encane ngaphandle kokuqinisa ungqimba lwethusi. Yingakho futhi ububanzi bethu be-CCS obune-stranded buhlanganisa ububanzi obungu-4.2 mm kuya ku-22.5 mm: ibanga elifanayo elingu-40% le-IACS lingasebenza njenge-distribution-pole butt wrap noma i-transmission substation main grid ngokushintsha inani le-strand.

Ishidi lemininingwane yomphumela nokudweba ithimba lethu le-QC likhipha ama-oda e-CCS — ububanzi, ukucushwa kwentambo kanye namanani okunamathela aqinisekisiwe ngenqwaba yokukhiqiza.

Isilinganiso Sokwebiwa, Izinto Ezingadingeki, kanye Nokuphepha: Ingabe Inani Lokuthengiswa Kabusha Kwe-Copper Liyasebenza Kuwe?

Abathengi bezinsiza abavamile ukufaka ukweba etafuleni lokuqhathanisa umqhubi, kodwa iminyango yabo yokulungisa iyaphila nakho. Ukufakwa kwesisekelo sethusi eliqinile kuyinjongo egcwele ezimakethe eziningi esizithumela kuzo, futhi indawo yocingo olunezimbobo noma ukugijima kwe-counterpoise okwebiwe akuyona nje ukulahlekelwa kwezinto - kuwukuvezwa kokuphepha kuze kube yilapho igridi ibuyiselwa. Ngibe namakhasimende okusabalalisa asitshela ukuthi isabelomali sabo sonyaka sokufaka esikhundleni sethusi sidlule izindleko zokuqala zezinto zegridi, okuyisigwebo esingenangqondo okufanele sithayiphe, futhi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko esenza ukuthi abaningi babo bathuthele izindawo eziveziwe nezifinyelelekayo ku-CCS.

I-CCS ihlasela inkinga ezingeni lesikhuthazo kunezinga le-padlock: umucu we-bimetallic one-core yensimbi cishe awunalo inani lokuhlukaniswa endaweni yokulahla imfucuza, ngakho-ke awuntshontshwa ngesilinganiso sethusi eliqinile.Ngobaezomnotho zokuwa kokwebiwa, isabelomali sezokuphepha singaba naso. Ngeziteshi ezincane zase-greenfield ngaphakathi kwamayadi abiyelwe futhi aqashwe ngeso lokhozi le mpikiswano ayibalulekile kangako, futhi sisho kanjalo - kodwa mayelana nokumelana nemigwaqo yokudlulisela, izindawo zezigxobo ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, kanye nokufakwa komhlaba ngesitimela okudlula amakhilomitha amaningi ezweni elivulekile, ngibona ubukhulu bokwebiwa bubalulekile, futhi kanjalo nonjiniyela abaningi bezinsiza abaphile phakathi nesizini yokukhucululwa kwethusi.

Yimuphi umqhubi okufanele usetshenziswe yi-Utility yakho? Uhlaka Lwezinqumo Oluvivinywe Ensimini

Uma ngihlala nethimba lokuthenga, asixoxisani ngezinto ezifingqiwe — sihamba ngokulandelana kwezinqumo ezimfushane, futhi ngizoninika zona njengoba siziqhuba:

1. Qalisa ucwaningo lwe-fault-current kuqala.Uma ukubala kwakho kwe-IEEE 80 kulungisa ububanzi obukhulu bomqhubi, futhi ithusi liwukuphela kwezinto ezifanelana nesidingo sokuhlanganiswa kwamandla ngaphakathi kwalowo bubanzi, chaza ithusi bese umisa lapho.
2. Hlola indlela yokufaka.Ukufakwa kwama-plough-in amade, ukubhoboza okuqondiswayo, kanye nobubanzi obuphezulu kusiza i-CCS enamandla okudonswa kwe-560–1040 MPa; ukugijima kwegridi okufushane, okubekwe ngesandla emiseleni evulekile kuyindawo engathathi hlangothi.
3. Bhala amaphuzu ngokwethembeka ekutholakaleni kokwebiwa.Isiteshi esincane esibiyelwe, esiqashwe ngeso lokhozi: esingathathi hlangothi. Umzila wasemakhaya, izigxobo, ukufakelwa komhlaba ngesitimela: CCS,ngobaukususa inani le-scrap kususa usongo.
4. Hlola i-chemistry yenhlabathi.Inhlabathi evamile ifanelana nezinto zombili ezinesikhathi sokuphila sokuklama seminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 ku-CCS yethu; umhlabathi one-asidi eningi noma odla amakhemikhali udinga ingxoxo ngaphambi kokuba noma iyiphi into ikhishwe.
5. Lungisa izinga ku-PO.Ngegama le-CCS i-ASTM B227 yentambo kanye ne-ASTM B228 yekhondi elahlekile enebanga lokuqhuba (i-40 HS iyithuluzi elizenzakalelayo); ngegama lethusi ukuhambisana kwe-IEC okudingayo. I-oda lokuthenga elithi "umqhubi wokusekela" kuphela limema imidlalo yokushintshana.

Qaphela okungekho kulolo chungechunge: intengo yeyunithi ngemitha. Ngiyishiya ngamabomu okokugcina,ngobaumqhubi okhethwe ngentengo yemitha kuphela uyisibikezeli esithembekile kakhulu sokuthengwa kabusha eminyakeni emihlanu engiyibonile kulo mkhakha. Intengo ifanele isinqumo, kodwa ifanele ngemva kokuba i-physics, ukufakwa, kanye nokuvezwa kokuphepha kukutshelile ukuthi yiliphi iqembu lezinto ezibonakalayo olithengayo ngempela.

Kumaphrojekthi afika ku-CCS, iphrojekthi yethuucingo lwensimbi olumbozwe ngethusiububanzi buhlanganisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-IACS okungu-15%–40% ngesendlalelo sethusi esingu-0.25 mm, amandla okuthamba asukela ku-560 kuya ku-1040 MPa, ububanzi be-monofilament obungu-1.4–3.2 mm, kanye nobubanzi obuphelele obungu-4.2–22.5 mm ekulungiselelweni kwezintambo ezingu-7–37 — okukhiqizwa ngaphansi kwe-ISO 9001 ngomthamo wanyanga zonke wamamitha ayi-100,000, okupakishwe nge-roll bese kuthunyelwa nge-Ningbo noma eShanghai. Abathengi abadinga ukwakhiwa okuvalelekile bangabuyekeza ngokukhethekile i-ikhasi lokukhiqiza izintambo ze-CCS ezivalekile, futhi umndeni wonke uhlala ngaphansi kwethuisigaba sensimbi yensimbi embozwe ngethusiUma ucwaningo lwamaphutha lukhomba ngenye indlela,Ucingo lwethusi oluhlanzekile olungu-99.97%imikhumbi ehambisana ne-IEC kanye ne-CE yesitimela, ukuxhumana, kanye nokufakwa kwesisekelo samandla kagesi — futhi uma iphrojekthi ihilela nokuhlanganisa noma yimuphi umqhubi ezindongeni noma emapayipini, umhlahlandlela wethu wangaphambilini mayelanaukuthenga izinto zokushisela ze-thermit zokuvikela i-cathodic yamapayipiihlanganisa uhlangothi lwe-exothermic. Ukuze uthole isizinda sokuqhuba ngaphandle kwedatha yethu yomshini,Umtapo wolwazi wezinhlelo zokusebenza zikagesi we-Copper Development Associationyilona gama esibhekisela kulo onjiniyela abancane kuqala.