Kutenga zvinhu kubva kuChina kunosanganisira kunzwisisa huwandu hushoma hwezvinhu zvinotengwa, nguva dzekugadzira, uye kuverenga maitirwo emidziyo. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura vanotenga zvinhu kekutanga kuburikidza nedanho rega rega, kubva pakusarudza zvigadzirwa kusvika pakutakura zvinhu.
Matavi epasi akaputirwa nemhangura ane mativi ane shinda akagadzirira kutumirwa kunze kwenyika - anogadzirwa neXinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd.Matavi epasi ndiwo hwaro hwechero sisitimu yekudzivirira pasi yemagetsi uye yekudzivirira mheni. Ungave uri kugadzira purazi rezuva kuMiddle East, shongwe yekutaurirana muAfrica, kana chivako chekutengeserana muSouth America, kuwana matavi epasi emhando yepamusoro pamitengo inokwikwidzana kwakakosha kuti mapurojekiti awane pundutso. China yave nzvimbo inotungamira pasi rose yekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvepasi, ichipa mhando dzakasiyana-siyana kubvatsvimbo dzepasi dzakaputirwa nemhangurakune mhando dzemhangura chaiyo nesimbi yakarukwa.
Kune vanotanga kutenga zvinhu kubva kuChina, maitiro ekutsvaga zvinhu zvepasi kubva kuChina anomutsa mibvunzo inoshanda: Ndeipi huwandu hushoma hweodha? Kugadzirwa kunotora nguva yakareba sei? Zvimiti zvingani zvinokwana mumudziyo wekutumira zvinhu? Gwaro iri rinopindura mibvunzo iyi neruzivo rwakananga rwunobva muzvinhu chaizvo zvekugadzira uye kuverenga kwekutumira zvinhu.
TL;DR
- Vagadziri vetsvimbo dzepasi vekuChina vanowanzopa MOQ inochinjika, uye vazhinji vanobvuma maodha kubva pa500-1,000 ezvimedu zvehukuru hwakajairwa.
- Nguva yekutungamira kugadzirwa inotangira pamazuva gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu zvichienderana nehuwandu hweodha, rudzi rwezvinhu, uye basa remufekitori razvino.
- Mudziyo wakajairika une 20-foot unotakura matanda evhu angangoita 8,000-15,000 zvichienderana nedhayamita uye kureba kwematanda.
- Mhando nhatu huru dzetsvimbo dzevhu dziripo: simbi yakaputirwa nemhangura, simbi yakarukwa, uye mhangura yakachena, imwe neimwe yakakodzera mashandisirwo akasiyana uye bhajeti.
- Zvitupa zvemhando yepamusoro (ISO 9001, UL listing) uye mishumo yebvunzo yezvinhu zvinofanirwa kukumbirwa usati waisa maodha.
Kunzwisisa Mhando dzeRod dzeGround uye Mashandisirwo Adzo
Vasati vakurukura nezveMOQ nemafambiro ezvinhu, vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika vanofanira kunzwisisa mhando dzakasiyana dzetsvimbo dzevhu dzinowanikwa kubva kuvagadziri vekuChina. Kuumbwa kwezvinhu izvi kunokanganisa zvakananga mashandiro, kugara kwenguva refu, uye mutengo.
Tsvimbo dzepasi dzakaputirwa nemhangura
Matavi epasi akaputirwa nemhangura ane musimboti wesimbi usina kabhoni yakawanda une musimboti wemhangura yakachena. Musimboti wemhangura (ukobvu hushoma hwe 0.254mm, 99.95% kuchena) unopa conductivity yakanaka uye unodzivirira ngura, nepo musimboti wesimbi uchipa simba remuchina rekufambisa muvhu rakaoma. Matavi aya ndiwo anoshandiswa muindasitiri yekushandiswa kwepasi, zvichipa chiyero chakanakisa chekushanda uye mutengo.
Magadzirirwo kubva kuTsvimbo yepasi yakaputirwa nemhangura yeShibangmhando dzinosanganisira:
- Dhayamita:14.2mm kusvika 25mm (5/8″ kusvika 3/4″)
- Kureba:1.2m kusvika 3.0m (4ft kusvika 10ft)
- Simba rekusimba:Zvishoma 580 N/mm
- Kushivirira kutwasuka:1mm pa mita imwe neimwe yepamusoro
- Hupenyu hwebasa:Makore anopfuura makumi matatu muvhu rakawanda
- Mhando:Musoro wakatsetseka, wakatsetseka, uye wakapinza muromo
Tsvimbo dzeGround Stand dzakagadzirwa nesimbi
Tsvimbo dzakagayiwa dzakagadzirwa nesimbi dzinopisa dzinopa mhinduro inodhura zvishoma kumapurojekiti apo tsvimbo dzakaputirwa nemhangura dzinodarika bhajeti. Chifukidziro chezinc (60-80 micrometers) chinoshanda seanode inouraya, chinodzivirira simbi kubva mukuora. Tsvimbo idzi dzakakodzera kuiswa kwenguva pfupi, mamiriro evhu ari pakati nepakati, uye mapurojekiti ane nguva pfupi yekushanda inotarisirwa.
IyoTsvimbo yepasi yakarukwa ine 16mmkubva kuShibang ine chiyero chakafanana nematanda akaputirwa nemhangura (dhayamita 14.2-25mm, kureba 1.2-3.0m) uye ine simba rekusimba rakafanana re580 N/mm.
Tsvimbo dzepasi dzemhangura dzakachena
Tsvimbo dzemhangura dzakachena (99.95% mhangura, T2 grade) dzinopa simba guru rekudzivirira ngura uye kufambisa magetsi muzvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita semagetsi, nzvimbo dzedata, uye zvivakwa zvinokosha.tsvimbo yevhu yemhangura yakachenaMhando dzakasiyana dzeShibang dzinosanganisira mhando dzakafanana nedzakagadzirwa nemhangura, pamwe nerubatsiro rwekuva 100% mhangura munzvimbo yese.
Huwandu Hweodha Hwepasi (MOQ) Hwakatsanangurwa
MOQ ndeimwe yemibvunzo yekutanga inobvunzwa nevanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika, uye mhinduro yacho inoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda zvinosanganisira rudzi rwetsvimbo, saizi, zvinodiwa pakugadzirisa zvinhu, uye purogiramu yekugadzirwa kwemugadziri pari zvino.
Chigadzirwa Chakajairika MOQ
Kune zvigadzirwa zvetsvimbo dzakajairwa (saizi dzakajairika, pasina kunyorwa kana kurongedza), vagadziri vekuChina vanowanzo kupa:
- Maodha madiki:Zvidimbu 500-1,000 zveodha dzekuedza kana mapurojekiti madiki
- Mirairo yakajairika:Zvidimbu 2,000-5,000 zvezvibvumirano zvenguva dzose zvekugovera
- Maodha akawanda:Zvidimbu zvinopfuura zviuru gumi zvemapurojekiti makuru ezvivakwa kana zvekugovera
Vagadziri vane kugona kukuru kwekugadzira (50,000 zvidimbu pamwedzi sezvakanyorwa naShibang) vanogona kugamuchira maMOQ madiki zviri nyore nekuti vanogona kuwedzera odha yako kune iripo yekugadzira pasina nguva yakatarwa yekugadzirisa.
Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa MOQ
| Chinhu | Mhedzisiro paMOQ | Nzvimbo Yakajairika |
|---|---|---|
| Dhayamita yetsvimbo | Madhayamita akajairwa ane MOQ yakaderera | 14.2mm uye 17.2mm: yakaderera MOQ; 20mm+: yakakwira zvishoma |
| Kureba kwetsvimbo | Hurefu hwakajairika hune MOQ yakaderera | 1.5m uye 2.4m: yakaderera MOQ; kureba kwakagadzirwa: kwakakwirira |
| Rudzi rwezvinhu | Copper-clad ine MOQ yakaderera; copper chaiyo yepamusoro | Yakabatidzwa nesimbi: yakaderera; Yakaputirwa nemhangura: iri pakati nepakati; Mhangura yakachena: yepamusoro |
| Kurapa pamusoro | Mapfekero akajairika ane MOQ yakaderera | Kuisa galvanizing inopisa: yakaderera; cladding yemhangura: iri pakati nepakati |
| Kugadzira zita rekambani | Kuisa logo padanda kunowedzera kusvika padiki | Standard: yakaderera MOQ; ine logo: +20-50% MOQ inowedzera |
| Kurongedza | Kurongedza kwakagadzirwa kwakawedzera MOQ | Bhandi rakajairika: rakaderera; makatoni ane mazita: akakwira |
Maitiro Ekutaurirana NeMoQ Yepasi
Vanotenga zvinhu kekutanga vanogona kutaurirana nezve MOQ yakaderera ne:
- Kugamuchira kurongedza kwakajairika:Kushandisa mapurasitiki akajairwa nemugadziri (matanda gumi papurasitiki imwe neimwe, akaputirwa nechubhu yePVC) kunodzivisa kurongedza kwakatarwa.
- Kusarudza saizi dzakajairika:Saizi 14.2mm x 1.5m uye 17.2mm x 2.4m ndidzo dzinonyanya kugadzirwa dzine saizi shoma shoma.
- Kusanganisa zvigadzirwa:Kuraira mhando dzetsvimbo dzakawanda mumudziyo mumwe chete kunogona kuderedza MOQ yechinhu chimwe nechimwe.
- Kurongeka kwenguva:Kuisa maodha panguva inononoka yemugadziri (kazhinji Q1 yezvigadzirwa zvekuisa pasi) kunogona kuita kuti mitemo yeMOQ ive inochinjika.
Nguva Yekutanga Kugadzira: Zvaunotarisira
Nguva yekutengeswa kwemari inovhara nguva kubva pakusimbiswa kweodha (uye kubhadhara mari yedhipoziti) kusvika zvinhu zvagadzirira kutumirwa. Kunzwisisa zvikamu zvenguva yekutengeswa kwemari kunobatsira vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika kuronga hurongwa hwavo hwepurojekiti nemazvo.
Kupatsanurwa Kwenguva Yekutungamirira Kwakajairika
| Danho rekugadzira | Nguva | Tsananguro |
|---|---|---|
| Kusimbiswa kweodha | mazuva 1-3 | Pedzisa zvinodiwa, bvumidza invoice yeproforma, gamuchira mari yedhipoziti |
| Kugadzirira zvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa | Mazuva 3-7 | Tenga simbi iri pakati, zvinhu zvemhangura/zinc, zvinhu zvekurongedza |
| Kugadzirwa | Mazuva manomwe kusvika gumi nemashanu | Kudhirowa, kufukidza/kuputira, kucheka, kupinza shinda, kugadzira miromo |
| Kuongorora mhando | Mazuva maviri kusvika matatu | Kuongororwa kwehukuru, ukobvu hwekufukidza, kuyedzwa kwekumanikidzwa, kuongorora kwekuona |
| Kurongedza | mazuva 1-2 | Kusunga, kuputira, kuisa pallet, kurodha mumidziyo |
Nguva yose yakatarwa yekutungamira: mazuva 15-30kubva parisiti yedhipoziti kusvika pazvinhu zvakagadzirira kutumirwa.
Zvinhu Zvinowedzera Nguva Yekutungamirira
- Mavhoriyamu makuru eodha:Maodha anodarika zvidimbu zviuru makumi mashanu (50,000 pieces) angatora mazuva makumi matatu kusvika makumi mana nemashanu zvichienderana nekukwanisa kwefekitori.
- Magadzirirwo emhando yepamusoro:Zvinodiwa zvedhayamita, kureba, kana kufukidza zvisina mwero zvinowedzera mazuva mashanu kusvika gumi ekutsvaga zvinhu uye kugadzirisa maturusi.
- Mwaka wepamusoro-soro:Maodha akaiswa mukati meKota yechipiri-Kota yechitatu (Kubvumbi-Gunyana) apo mabasa ekuvaka angangowedzera mazuva gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu.
- Kushomeka kwezvinhu:Kusagadzikana kwemitengo yemhangura kana kukanganiswa kwesimbi zvinogona kunonotsa kutenga zvinhu zvakagadzirwa.
- Zvitupa zvemunhu oga:Maodha anoda bvunzo dzevamwe (UL, IEC) anowedzera mazuva manomwe kusvika gumi nemana ekugadzirira nekuongorora sampuro.
Maitiro Ekupfupisa Nguva Yekutungamirira
- Simbisa zvinodiwa nekukurumidza:Kunonoka kubvumidza mifananidzo kana masampuli kunowedzera nguva yakatarwa.
- Bhadhara mari yedhipoziti nekukasika:Kurongwa kwekugadzirwa kunotanga mushure mekusimbiswa kwedhipoziti.
- Shandisa zvigadzirwa zvakajairwa:Saizi dzisingatengeswi dzinotumirwa nekukurumidza kupfuura zvakatarwa.
- Chengetedza mirairo yakamira:Vatengi venguva dzose vane maitiro ekutenga anotarisirwa vanowana nguva yekutanga.
Kuisa Mudziyo: Hove ngani dzinoiswa pasi dzinokwana mumudziyo?
Kuverenga kurodha zvinhu mumidziyo kwakakosha pakugadzirisa bhajeti yemari yekutumira zvinhu uye kuronga zvinhu zviri mumidziyo. Huwandu hwematanda epasi pamudziyo hunoenderana nehukuru hwematanda, nzira yekurongedza, uye rudzi rwemudziyo.
Zviyero zveMudziyo Wakajairika
| Rudzi rweMudziyo | Kureba kwemukati | Upamhi hwemukati | Kureba Kwemukati | Mutoro Mukuru |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20-foot (20′ GP) | 5.90m | 2.35m | 2.39m | 21,770 kg |
| 40-foot (40′ GP) | 12.03m | 2.35m | 2.39m | 26,480 kg |
| HC yemamita makumi mana | 12.03m | 2.35m | 2.69m | 26,280 kg |
Zviyero izvi paISO 668:2020 zviyero zvemidziyotsanangura nzvimbo yekurodha iripo. Huwandu chaihwo hunoshandiswa hwakaderera zvishoma nekuda kwenzvimbo yemusuwo uye zvigadziriso zvemukati.
Kuverenga Kunorodha neSaizi yeRod
Matavi epasi anowanzo putirwa muzvikamu gumi, akaputirwa mumachubhu ePVC kana mabhegi akarukwa, uye akarongwa pamapallet. Zvinofungidzirwa zvinotevera zvinofungidzira kuputirwa kwakajairika kwezvikamu:
| Saizi yetsvimbo (dhayamita x Kureba) | Tsvimbo paBundle | Mapaketi pamudziyo we 20′ | Tsvimbo dzese pamudziyo we 20′ | Huremu hunenge |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14.2mm x 1.5m (5/8″ x 5ft) | 10 | 100-120 | 1,000-1,200 | 2,500-3,000 kg |
| 14.2mm x 2.4m (5/8″ x 8ft) | 10 | 80-100 | 800-1,000 | 3,200-4,000 kg |
| 17.2mm x 2.4m (3/4″ x 8ft) | 10 | 60-80 | 600-800 | 3,600-4,800 kg |
| 17.2mm x 3.0m (3/4″ x 10ft) | 10 | 50-65 | 500-650 | 4,000-5,200 kg |
| 25mm x 3.0m (1″ x 10ft) | 10 | 35-45 | 350-450 | 5,250-6,750 kg |
Aya ndiwo manhamba ekufungidzira. Huwandu chaihwo hwekutakurwa hunoenderana nenzira chaiyo yekurongedza, saizi yemapareti, uye kuti mabundles akarongwa sei mukati memudziyo. Mudziyo une 40-foot unotakura kanenge kaviri huwandu hwemudziyo une 20-foot.
Kurema vs. Kuganhurirwa kweVhoriyamu
Kune tsvimbo pfupi, diki, mudziyo unowanzosvika pamuganhu wehukuru hwawo usati wasvika pamuganhu wehuremu. Kune tsvimbo refu, dhayamita hombe, muganho wehuremu unogona kusvika mudziyo usati wazara. Nguva dzose verenga zvirambidzo zvese uye shandisa kukosha kwakaderera pakuronga.
Kuti uwane ruzivo rwakadzama nezvemidziyo, tarisa kuISO 668:2020 zviyero zvemidziyo yekutakura zvinhu, iyo inotsanangura kurongwa, saizi, uye kuongororwa kwemakontena ekutakura zvinhu pasi rose.
Maitiro Emhando Yepamusoro uye Zvitupa
Pakutenga matanda evhu kubva kuChina, kuongorora mhando yechigadzirwa zvichienderana nemitemo inozivikanwa pasi rose kwakakosha. Mitemo inonyanya kukosha yezvigadzirwa zvevhu zvinosanganisira:
Mitemo Yepasi Pose
- UL 467:Chiyero chikuru chekuNorth America chemidziyo yekumisa pasi nekubatanidza. Matavi epasi akanyorwa neUL anosangana nezvinodiwa zvakachengeteka uye mashandiro azvo.
- IEC 62561:Mwero wepasi rose wezvikamu zvesystem yekudzivirira mheni, zvinosanganisira tsvimbo dzepasi uye ma electrodes epasi.
- IEEE Std 80:Gwaro reIEEE rekuchengetedza mu AC substation grounding, richitsanangura zvinodiwa zve grounding conductors ne rods munzvimbo dzine voltage yakakwira.
- BS 7430:Mutemo weBritish Standard wekuchengetedza ivhu, wakagamuchirwa zvakanyanya munyika dzeCommonwealth neMiddle East.
Zvekukumbira kubva kune Mutengesi Wako
- Mushumo wekuyedza zvinhu:Kuumbwa kwemakemikari uye hunhu hwesimbi nesimbi yekuputira.
- Kuyedzwa kwekukora kwekuputira:Kusimbiswa kwekuti chifukidziro chemhangura (chisingasviki 0.254mm) kana zinc coating (60-80 micrometers) zvinosangana nezvinodiwa.
- Kuedza simba rekusimba:Kusimbiswa kwekuti tsvimbo dzinosangana nezvinodiwa zvesimba rekudhonza re580 N/mm.
- Chitupa cheISO 9001:Kusimbiswa kwekuti mugadziri anoshandisa sisitimu yekutarisira mhando yakanyorwa.
- Muenzaniso wekubvumidzwa:Kumbira mienzaniso yekugadzira usati wasimbisa maodha akawanda kuti uzvionere wega kuti mhando yacho ndeyechokwadi.
Kufunga Nezvekutumira Nekutakura Zvinhu
Kunze kwekuverenga kurodha zvinhu mumakontena, vanopinza zvinhu munyika vanofanira kunzwisisa maitiro ekutakura zvinhu kubva pagedhi refekitori kusvika kune nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu.
Incoterms: Ndiani Anobhadhara Chii
| Incoterm | Mutoro weMutengesi | Mutoro weMutengi | Zvakanakira |
|---|---|---|---|
| EXW (Ex Works) | Zvinhu zviripo pafekitori | Zvese zvekufambisa, zvemitero, inishuwarenzi | Vatengesi vane ruzivo rwekupinza zvinhu munyika vane vadyidzani vavo vezvekufambisa zvinhu |
| FOB (Yemahara muchikepe) | Kutakurwa kuenda kuchiteshi, kutakurirwa muchikepe | Kutakura zvinhu mugungwa, inishuwarenzi, tsika dzekuenda | Zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa kune vanotanga kupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika kekutanga |
| CIF (Mutengo, Inishuwarenzi, Kutakura Zvinhu) | Kutakura kuenda kuchiteshi chekuenda, inishuwarenzi | Tsika dzekuenda, kutakura mukati menyika | Vatengesi vanoda mari inonzwisisika yekusvika panzvimbo |
| DDU (Mutero Wakaendeswa Usina Kubhadharwa) | Kutakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu | Mitero yekupinda munyika nemitero chete | Vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika vanoda basa rakazara rekupinda pamba nemba |
Vazhinji vanotenga zvinhu kubva kune dzimwe nyika kekutanga vanosarudza mazwi eFOB, ayo anovapa simba pamusoro pechikamu chekutakura zvinhu mugungwa ukuwo mugadziri achibata basa rekutakura zvinhu kubva kufekitori kuenda kuchiteshi.
Zvinodiwa pakunyora magwaro
Magwaro akajairika ekutumira kunze kwenyika ekutumira netsvimbo yepasi anosanganisira:
- Invoice yekutengeserana:Rondedzero yezvigadzirwa, huwandu, mitengo yezvikamu, uye kukosha kwese.
- Rondedzero yekuisa zvinhu:Kutsanangurwa kwakadzama kwemakatoni, mapaleti, huremu, uye saizi yemudziyo wega wega.
- Chikumbiro chekutakura zvinhu:Gwaro rekufambisa rakapihwa nekambani yekutumira zvinhu richisimbisa kugamuchira zvinhu.
- Chitupa chekwakabva:Gwaro rinosimbisa kuti zvinhu zvakagadzirwa muChina. Zvinodiwa pakubviswa kwemitengo yemutero uye kutarisirwa kwemitero yakasarudzwa pasi pezvibvumirano zvekutengeserana.
- Mishumo yebvunzo yezvinhu:Magwaro emhando yepamusoro sezvakatsanangurwa muchikamu chapfuura.
- Kuziviswa kwekodhi yeHS:Matavi epasi anowanzo shandiswa pasi peHS 8535 (midziyo yemagetsi yekuchinjana) kana 7326 (zvimwe zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nesimbi kana simbi). Simbisa kodhi chaiyo nebhuroka rako rezvemitero.
Kusarudza Dombo Rakakodzera Pamusika Wako
Misika yakasiyana ine zvido zvakasiyana uye zvinodiwa pakusarudza zvinhu zveground rod. Kunzwisisa musiyano uyu kunobatsira vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika kusarudza zvigadzirwa zvakakodzera.
Middle East neAfrica
Ivhu rinogara richidzivirirwa zvakanyanya uye ivhu rinoora munzvimbo dzakawanda rinoda kuti matanda akafukidzwa nemhangura arambe achidzivirira ngura zvakanyanya.mhando yezvigadzirwa zvetsvimbo yepasikubva kuShibang kunosanganisira sarudzo dzakakodzera ivhu rakaoma.
Kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia
Misika inodya mari yakawanda uye ine mvura yakawanda inowanzoshandisa matanda emagetsi (galvanized rods) kuti ashandiswe zvakajairwa uye matanda emhangura (copper-clothed rods) kuti ashandiswe muzvivakwa zvakakosha. Mamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa anokurumidza ngura, zvichiita kuti kunaka kwepurasitiki kuve kwakakosha zvikuru.
Latin America
Kukura kwekudyara muzvivakwa kunoita kuti pave nezvinodiwa zvematanda akagadzika uye matanda emhando yepamusoro emhando yecopper-clad. Mapurojekiti mazhinji anoda kutevedzera mitemo yeIEC kana IEEE.
Europe
Zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pasi peIEC 62561 uye mwero wenyika (DIN VDE, BS 7430) zvinoreva kuti vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika vanofanira kuona kuti zvigadzirwa zvinosangana nezvinhu zvakati wandei uye zvinodiwa pakuyedza. Tsvimbo dzakaputirwa nemhangura ndiyo sarudzo yakajairika kune akawanda mashandisirwo.
Pfupiso
Kutenga matanda evhu kubva kuChina kunoda kunzwisisa nzvimbo nhatu dzakakosha: MOQ (zvimedu zvidiki 500-1,000 zveodha dzekuedza), nguva yekutangira (mazuva gumi nemashanu-30), uye kurodha mumidziyo (matanda 800-1,200 pamudziyo une 20-foot yematanda akajairwa e14.2mm x 1.5m). Sarudza mhando yematanda akakodzera zvichienderana nemamiriro evhu emusika wako uye zvinodiwa pakutevedzera mitemo. Gara uchikumbira mishumo yekuyedza zvinhu uye simbisa zvitupa zvemhando yepamusoro usati waisa maodha akawanda.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Ndeipi nguva yekubhadhara yakajairika yekutenga zvinhu zveground rod kubva kuChina?
Nguva yekubhadhara yakajairika ndeye 30% yedhipoziti kana odha yasimbiswa uye 70% yasara usati watumirwa (T/T). Vamwe vagadziri vanobvuma L/C isingadzokerike kana vaona maodha makuru. Maodha ekutanga angada kubhadharwa zvizere kugadzirwa kusati kwatanga kusvika hukama hwekuvimbana hwasimbiswa.
Ndingagona here kusanganisa mhando dzakasiyana dzetsvimbo dzakakuyiwa mumudziyo mumwe chete?
Ehe. Vagadziri vazhinji vanobvumira maodha emakontena akasiyana-siyana achibatanidza mhando dzakasiyana dzetsvimbo (dzakaputirwa nemhangura, dzakagadzirwa nesimbi, mhangura yakachena), saizi, uye hurefu. Iyi inzira inoshanda kune vanotenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika vanoda kuyedza zvigadzirwa zvakawanda mumusika wavo vasina kuzvipira pahuwandu hwemakontena akazara emhando yega yega.
Ndingaongorora sei ukobvu hwesimbi yemhangura pamatanda epasi akaputirwa nemhangura?
Kumbira mishumo yekuongorora zvinhu kubva kumugadziri inoratidza zviyero zvekukora kwependi. Kuti uzviongorore wega, endai nemasampuro kurabhoritari yekuyedza yemunharaunda ine X-ray fluorescence (XRF) kana cross-section microscopy. Ukobvu hwepamusoro hwependi yemhangura pachiyero cheindasitiri i0.254mm (254 micrometers).
Nguva yekuchengeta matanda evhu inokwana sei?
Matavi evhu akaputirwa zvakanaka anogara kwenguva refu kana akachengetwa munzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzine mhepo inofefetera. Matavi emhangura anonyanya kudzivirira ngura yekuchengetwa. Matavi emagetsi anogona kuita jira jena rezinc oxide nekufamba kwenguva, izvo zvisingakanganisi mashandiro asi zvinogona kukanganisa chitarisiko. Chengeta matavi ari pasi pamapallet uye dzivirira kubva mumvura yakamira.
Ndinoda mvumo chaiyo here yekupinza matanda evhu munyika yangu?
Munyika zhinji, matanda epasi anoiswa muzvikamu zvemidziyo yemagetsi yakajairika uye haadi mvumo yekupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika. Zvisinei, ungangoda kutevedzera mitemo yekuchengetedza magetsi yemuno (UL, IEC, BS) zvichienderana nemusika wako. Tarisa nevakuru vemitero yemuno nesangano rinodzora magetsi kuti uwane zvinodiwa.
Ndingaverenga sei mari yose inoshandiswa pakuvaka matanda evhu anotengeswa kunze kwenyika?
Mari yose inobhadharwa pasi inosanganisira: mutengo wezvigadzirwa (mutengo weFOB), kutakura zvinhu mugungwa, inishuwarenzi yemugungwa, mitero yekupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika (inosiyana zvichienderana nenyika uye HS code), mari yekubvisirwa kwemitengo, kutakurwa kwemuno, uye chero mari yekuyedza kana yekubvumidza. Kumbira mutengo weCIF kubva kumugadziri kuti zvive nyore kuverenga, wobva wawedzera mari yako yekupinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika nemari yekubata.
Jane Yang
Maneja weKutengesa, Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd.
Ane makore gumi nemaviri eruzivo mukudzivirira mheni nekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika pasi, Jane anotsigira vatengi vekunze nekutsvaga zvigadzirwa zvepasi kubva kuChina, achipa mabasa akazara anosanganisira kuongororwa kwemhando yepamusoro, kuronga mafambiro ezvekufambisa, uye magwaro ese ekutumira kunze kwenyika. Anonyanya kugadzira mhinduro dzekutenga zvinhu zvepasi pevhu nemagetsi, achibatsira vanotenga zvinhu kekutanga kuti vafambe nemaitiro ekutenga zvinhu nechivimbo.
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Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-27-2026