Wogula EPC akanditumizira RFQ yoyambira pansi pa siteshoni, mizere iwiri yoyamba yomwe ndimawerenga ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kukana kwa nthaka — osati kukula kwa ndodo. Dongosolo limenelo ndi lofunika. IEEE Std 80 sikukuuzani kuti mugule 5/8 in kapena 3/4 inndodo yapansi ya siteshoni yocheperako; imakuuzani kuti mupulumuke cholakwika. Kukula ndi kukula kwa ndodo kumasiyana malinga ndi mawerengedwe atatu: kuyang'ana kutentha motsutsana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, kuyang'ana kukana motsutsana ndi nthaka, ndi kuyang'ana kukhudza ndi sitepe motsutsana ndi wosanjikiza pamwamba. Muzinthu zambiri zomwe ndimayang'ana, zimagwera pandodo zachitsulo zolumikizidwa ndi mkuwa za mainchesi 14.2–19 ndi kutalika kwa 2.4–3.0 m— koma muyezo, osati kabukhu, ndi umene uyenera kusankha. Chotsatira ndi njira yomwe ndimagwirira ntchito pa chilichonse cha izo.
TL;DR — Yankho la Kukula mu Ziganizo Zinayi
- Pa vuto la 40 kA, 1 s, equation ya IEEE 80's conductor-size imafuna pafupifupi 141.9 mm² yokha ya mkuwa — kotero ngakhale ndodo yathu yaying'ono kwambiri ya 14.2 mm, pa 158.4 mm², imadutsa mayeso a kutentha ndi malire otsala.
- Kuwirikiza kawiri kutalika kwa ndodo yoyendetsedwa ndi ndodo kuyambira 1.5 m mpaka 3.0 m kumachepetsa kukana kwake kwa nthaka ndi pafupifupi 44% mu nthaka yofanana, pomwe kuwirikiza kawiri kukula kwake kuyambira 14.2 mm mpaka 25 mm kumakutengerani pafupifupi 9% yokha - kutalika kwake ndi chowongolera chomwe chimasuntha kukana.
- Gawo lokhalo la maginito a fault current limalowa mu gridi yanu: mu nkhani yolembedwa ya EasyPower (Bentley Systems), 691 A yokha ya 22 kA fault idapangitsa kuti gridi ikwere - gawo logawanika limasintha mawerengedwe aliwonse otsatira.
- Chigawo cha pamwamba cha miyala yophwanyika cha 150–200 mm ndi gawo la chitetezo, osati malo: kuchichotsa kumawononga mphamvu yogwira yomwe ingatheke mu chitsanzo chimodzi cha IEEE 80 chogwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira 1,314 V mpaka pafupifupi 222 V.
Zimene IEEE 80 Ikupempha Ndodo Yoyambira Kuti Ichite
IEEE Std 80 — Buku Lotsogolera Chitetezo mu AC Substation Grounding, lomwe langotsimikiziridwanso posachedwa mu kope lake la 2013 — lilipo kuti liyankhe funso limodzi: panthawi ya vuto la nthaka, kodi mphamvu ya kukhudza ndi ma step voltages yomwe munthu angakumane nayo imakhalabe pansi pa malire ololedwa? Muyezo wonsewu umachepetsa kuyerekeza ma mesh ndi ma step voltages owerengedwa motsutsana ndi malire ololedwa omwe amadalira nthawi ya vuto, kulemera kwa thupi, ndi gawo la pamwamba, ngatiNjira yotsatizana ya IEEE 80 kuchokera ku Wind farm BoPakutero. Ndodo yanu yoyambira pansi imakhala mkati mwa unyolowo pa mfundo ziwiri: iyenera kunyamula gawo lake la mphamvu yamagetsi yolakwika pa kutentha, ndipo iyenera kuthandiza kuletsa kukana kwa gridi kuti nthaka ikwere (GPR) ikhale yotheka kuisamalira.
Nambala imodzi imasintha chilichonse chomwe chili m'munsi mwa mtsinje, ndipo ogula nthawi zambiri amaiphonya:Si magetsi onse olakwika omwe amalowa mu gridi yanu.Mawaya oteteza, zigoba za chingwe, ndi zoletsa zina zimanyamula gawo kubwerera ku gwero.Chifukwa chakuti gawo logawanika la mphamvu yamagetsi yolakwika limayenda kudzera mu gridi yapafupi, kukula kwa ndodo iliyonse ndi kondakitala kufika pa mphamvu yamagetsi yofanana kumawonjezera mkuwa kawiri mpaka kasanu.Buku lothandizira kusanthula maziko kuchokeraBentley Systems (Chiyambi cha Kusanthula kwa Kukhazikika, 2024)imagwira ntchito yosaiwalika: ya vuto la 22 kA phase-A, 691 A yokha ndi yomwe idatenga njira yomwe idapanga GPR ya dongosolo loyambira — zina zonse zidabweranso kudzera mu zishango za chingwe. Malangizo ochokera kwaBuku lotsogolera kapangidwe ka malo oyambira pansi pa siteshoni ya Keentel Engineeringimayika zinthu zogawanika za gridi pa 20–50% ya mphamvu yonse yamagetsi, kutengera kuchuluka kwa njira zotchingira ndi zosalowerera zomwe zimachoka pa siteshoni.
Gawo 1 — Yambani ndi Dothi, Osati Ndodo
Kuwerengera kulikonse komwe ndaona kuti kwachitika molakwika kunayamba ndi kabukhu m'malo mwa kafukufuku wotsutsa. Kukana kwa nthaka (ρ) ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mu njira yonse ya IEEE 80, kuyambira pafupifupi 10 Ω·m mu dongo lonyowa mpaka kupitirira 10,000 Ω·m mumwala wouma - kufalikira ka chikwi, malinga ndi njira ya Wind farm BoP. Buku la Bentley Systems limawonjezera zenizeni ziwiri: malo omwe ali ndi kukana kofanana mpaka kuzama kwenikweni "samapezeka kawirikawiri," ndipo m'madera omwe nthaka imazizira, kukana kumakwera kwambiri chifukwa kayendedwe ka ayoni kamasiya. Nambala yokopedwa kuchokera patebulo la mabuku si muyeso wa malo.
Ogula akandifunsa momwe ndingapezere nambala imeneyo, ndimawalozera ku njira ya IEEE Std 81′s Wenner four-pin: four pin pa malo ofanana a, current injected kudzera pa outer pair, voltage read over inner pair, ndi ρ = 2πaR. Buku la Bentley limalimbikitsa kuyendetsa pin spacing out pafupifupi mulingo wapamwamba wa grid, chifukwa test current imafufuza mozama monga momwe grid yanu ilili yayikulu - dothi lomwe ndodo zanu zidzakhalamo.Popeza kukana kwa nthaka kumakhazikitsidwa ndi nthaka yomwe ndodoyo imakhudza, ndodo ya mamita 3.0 yomwe imakankhidwira mu gawo losalimba kwambiri imatha kumenya ndodo ya mamita 6.0 yomwe yakhala pamwamba pouma.
Mwachitsanzo, Wind farm BoP yomwe imagwira ntchito imagwiritsa ntchito malo enieni a famu ya mphepo ya 110 kV: gridi ya 40 m × 65 m, mtunda wa 4–7 m conductor, 0.5–0.8 m kubisalira, ndi ndodo zoyendetsedwa ndi mkuwa za pafupifupi mamita 3 pa mzere ndi zida zofunika, m'nthaka ya 50–150 Ω·m.
Gawo 2 — Kuwunika Kutentha: Kodi Ndodo Idzapulumuka Mphepo Yolakwika?
Chiyerekezo choyamba cha kukula mu IEEE 80 sichikugwirizana ndi kukana. Chimafunsa ngati kondakitala amatha kuyamwa kutentha kwa cholakwika popanda kulowetsa kapena kusakaniza: A = I × √t₊ / K, komwe chinthucho chimapindika mu mphamvu ya kutentha, kukana, ndi kutentha kwakukulu kovomerezeka kwa chitsulocho. Pa mkuwa wothira, ma constant a Table 1 a standard ndi coefficient ya kutentha ya resistivity ya 0.00393 /°C, kukana kwa 1.72 μΩ·cm, mphamvu ya kutentha ya 3.42 J/cm³/°C, ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa 1,083 °C — malo osungunuka a mkuwa, monga momwe zalembedwera mu Wind farm BoP walkthrough. Yendetsani manambala ndi nthawi yodziwika bwino yoyeretsa ya 1 s ndi mlengalenga wa 40 °C, ndipo gawo lofunikira limafikira pafupifupi 7.0 kcmil pa kA ya mphamvu ya cholakwika — pafupifupi 3.55 mm² pa kA.
Apa ndi zomwe zikutanthauza ndikathamangakukula kwa ndodo ya pansi yolakwikakwa wogula:
| Kapangidwe ka cholakwika chamakono pa ndodo | Gawo lofunikira | Ndodo ya 14.2 mm (158.4 mm²) | Ndodo ya 17.2 mm (232.4 mm²) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 kA | 70.9 mm² | Mapasi, malire a 2.2 × | Mapasi, malire a 3.3 × |
| 25 kA | 88.7 mm² | Mapasi, malire a 1.8 × | Mapasi, malire a 2.6 × |
| 30 kA | 106.4 mm² | Mapasi, malire a 1.5 × | Mapasi, malire a 2.2 × |
| 40 kA (yosungira, yopanda gawo la ngongole) | 141.9 mm² | Mapasi, malire a 1.1 × | Mapasi, malire a 1.6 × |
Ndimayendetsa gawo losasinthika — mphamvu yonse yolakwika, palibe ngongole yogawanika — chifukwa wogula amene amaligwiritsa ntchito akhoza kuteteza zomwe zili mu ndemanga iliyonse ya kapangidwe kake.Popeza ndodo yomwe ili mu gridi ya ndodo zambiri imanyamula gawo lake lokha la gridi yamagetsi, ndipo gridi yokha imawona gawo logawanika la vuto lonse, ndodo yolumikizidwa ndi mkuwa ya 14.2 mm yomwe imapulumuka cheke yonse ya 40 kA ili ndi chitetezo chachikulu padziko lonse lapansi.Ndicho chifukwa chake, ndikawerenga EPC spec yomwe imadumphira molunjika ku 25 mm rods "chifukwa cha mphamvu yamagetsi," ndimafunsa nthawi yochotsera ndi gawo logawanika lomwe adaganiza - yankho nthawi zambiri limakhala "palibe."
Chenjezo limodzi lotentha limapulumuka mukagula jekete. Ndodo zolembedwa za UL 467 zimakhala ndi wosanjikiza wamkuwa wa 0.254 mm (10 mil), ndipo ndimaona kuti pansi pake pali mkuwa wa ≥0.254 mm pa ≥99.95% woyera, wotsimikiziridwa ndi mayeso a mtundu wa CEPRI.
Gawo 3 — Kutalika vs. Kukula: Ndi Lever iti yomwe imasuntha kukana kwa Grid?
Kuwunika kutentha kukatha,Kukhazikika kwa IEEE 80Vuto la kukana limakhala vuto. Pa ndodo imodzi yoyima mu nthaka yofanana, equation ya kukana ya muyezo ndi R = ρ/(2πL) × [ln(8L/d) − 1], yokhala ndi kutalika kwa ndodo L m'mamita ndi m'mimba mwake d m'mamita. Logarithm ndiyo nkhani yonse: kutalika kumayendetsa mawu onse a mzere ndi log; m'mimba mwake ndi log yokha. Ndikayiyendetsa pa ρ = 100 Ω·m ndi ndodo yathu ya 17.2 mm, ndimapeza 70.6 Ω pa 1.2 m, 50.7 Ω pa 1.8 m, 39.9 Ω pa 2.4 m, ndi 33.1 Ω pa 3.0 m.
| Kusintha kwapangidwa ku ndodo | Kapangidwe | Kukana kwa dziko lapansi | Kuchepetsa poyerekeza ndi maziko | Chowongolera mtengo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chikwama choyambira | 17.2 mm × 1.5 m | 58.9 Ω | — | — |
| Kuwirikiza kawiri kutalika | 17.2 mm × 3.0 m | 33.1 Ω | ≈ 44% kutsika | Mkuwa ndi chitsulo cholemera ×2 |
| Kuwirikiza kawiri kukula kwa dayamita (L = 2.4 m) | 14.2 mm → 25 mm | 41.2 → 37.4 Ω | ≈ 9% kutsika | Mkuwa ndi chitsulo cholemera × 3 |
| Onjezani ndodo pa mtunda wa ≥ 1 × kutalika | Ndodo ziwiri za 17.2 mm × 2.4 m | ≈ 40 → 22–26 Ω | ≈ 35–45% kutsika | Ndodo + zolumikizira + ntchito yoyendetsa |
| Thamangitsani mu nthaka yotsika | Pa kafukufuku wa nthaka yozungulira | Zapadera pa tsamba | Kawirikawiri chotengera chachikulu kwambiri | Kuyendetsa kozama, ndodo zotambasulidwa |
Kafukufuku woyerekeza wa 2025 muSayansi Yogwiritsidwa Ntchito ya MDPI (miyeso ya finite-element plus field mu ma installation a 400 V, 10 kV, ndi 35 kV)Magawo omwewo ndi omwe ndimawapereka kwa ogula, kuchokera kumbali yoyeserera: mu nthaka yolimba kwambiri, ndodo zoyima zoyendetsedwa ndi madzi zimaposa mawonekedwe osaya chifukwa zimafika pamlingo waukulu wa nthaka, pomwe ma grid opingasa amachita ntchito yokweza mphamvu yamagetsi yotayika kudutsa bwalo la substation. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsanso kuchepa kwa kukana kuchokera ku conductive backfill monga bentonite kapena conductive concrete mozungulira electrode - chowongolera chovomerezeka pamene simungathe kuyendetsa mozama.
Popeza kuti kukana kwa nthaka kumachepa pang'onopang'ono, ndodo yoyamba yoyendetsedwa ya mamita 3.0 imagwira ntchito yambiri, ndipo ndodo yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito gridi ya nthaka nthawi zambiri imakhala "m'mimba mwake wokhazikika, kutalika kwakukulu kothamangitsidwa" m'malo mwa "m'mimba mwake wokhazikika, kutalika kokhazikika."M'mimba mwake umapezabe kusungidwa kwake m'malo atatu omwe ndimawona pa chilichonse chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito: kulimba kwa nthaka yolimba kapena yamiyala (ndodo ya 16-19 mm imapatuka pang'ono kuposa 14.2 mm pa drive ya 3.0 m), ulusi wolimba pa ma coupling kuti azitha kufalikira, komanso kulola dzimbiri m'nthaka yolimba kwa zaka 40-50.
Chiyerekezo Chotsutsa cha Ndodo Imodzi (Chiyerekezo cha nthaka chofanana cha IEEE 80)
R = ρ/(2πL) × [ln(8L/d) − 1]. Kukula koyambirira kokha — mapangidwe omaliza amafunikira njira yonse ya IEEE 80 grid ndi chitsanzo chanu choyezedwa cha nthaka.
Gawo 4 - Kuwerengera Ndodo, Kutalikirana, ndi Kumene Ndodo Zimapitadi
Mu kapangidwe kalikonse komwe ndimawunikira, gridi ya substation imayamba ndi ma conductor ndipo ndodo yachiwiri. Mu Wind farm BoP reference geometry — 40 m × 65 m, mtunda wa 4–7 m conductor, 0.5–0.8 m kubisalira — ndodo zoyendetsedwa za mamita pafupifupi 3 zimapita ku perimeter ndi zida zazikulu, zikuchita ntchito ziwiri: kumeta grid resistance mu dothi lozama ndikumangirira ngodya pomwe ma mesh voltage amafika. Lamulo langa lotalikirana kwa ogula limakhala losamala komanso losavuta: Ndimasunga ndodo zapafupi kutalika kwa ndodo imodzi, chifukwa ndodo zoyendetsedwa pafupi kuposa kutalika kwawo zimagawana zipolopolo zotsutsana ndi zingwe ndi mkuwa wotayika. Buku lotsogolera kapangidwe ka Keentel Engineering limapereka mfundo yomweyo ya perimeter-first ndipo limafotokoza kuti pamene nthaka yosaya imakana kugwirizana, zitsime zoyendetsedwa mozama zimatha kufalitsa mphamvu zambiri za fault — nkhani imodzi yolembedwa yomwe imatchula idakankhira 62% ya kufalikira kwa current mu electrode yozama.
Ndimatseka ndemanga iliyonse ya gridi ndi gawo la pamwamba. Ma equation a IEEE 80's tolerable-voltage amatanthauza gawo la miyala yophwanyika chifukwa kukana kwake kwa 2,000–10,000 Ω·m kumakhala pakati pa nsapato za ogwira ntchito ndi nthaka yachilengedwe; mitengo ya kapangidwe kake imakhala pakati pa 3,000–5,000 Ω·m pa makulidwe a 0.1–0.2 m. Chitsanzo cha Wind farm BoP chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito chimawerengera zomwe zili pachiwopsezo: kuchotsa miyala ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi yolumikizira yomwe imapezeka mu yard ya 110 kV imatsika kuchokera pa 1,314 V kufika pa 222 V - pansi pa mphamvu yamagetsi ya 880 V, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti bwalo limalephera.Popeza kuti thanthwe limachulukitsa malire opirira kangapo pomwe gridi imasunga magetsi enieni pansi, mfundo za ndodo ya pansi sizimatha mpaka wina atakhala ndi miyala yofanana.
Zimene Timapanga Potsutsana ndi Manambala Amenewo
Uinjiniya umasankha kukula ndi kutalika; ntchito yanga ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ndodo yomwe yafika ikugwirizana ndi pepala lofotokozera. Pa fakitale yathu ya Xinchang ndimayang'anira mbali yotumizira kunja kwa mzere womwe umapangandodo zachitsulo zomangiriridwa ndi mkuwamu mainchesi a 14.2–25 mm ndi kutalika kwa 1.2–3.0 m, ndi wosanjikiza wa mkuwa wopangidwa ndi electroplated ≥0.254 mm pa ≥99.95% woyera pamwamba pa chitsulo chopanda mpweya wokwanira (~0.15% C). Makina ndi ofunika pa 3.0 m drive: timagwira mphamvu yokoka ≥580 N/mm², kulunjika mkati mwa 1 mm/m, ndi ngodya ya 27.5° ± 2.5° point, ndipo gulu lililonse limapulumuka kupindika kwa 90° pa 100 mm radius popanda kusweka kwa mkuwa kapena kung'ambika - njira yolephera yomwe imapha ndodo zotsika mtengo pansi pa miyala.
Pakuthamanga kozama komwe kumatha kukulitsidwa — njira yothanirana ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa kafukufuku wa MDPI — yathundodo zachitsulo zomangira zamagetsi zolumikizidwa ndi mkuwaphatikizani magawo a 1.2 m mu ma electrode a 3-6 m popanda kutaya umphumphu wa jekete pamalo olumikizirana. Ngati spec ikufuna njira ina yolumikizira,ndodo yophwanyika yokhala ndi mkuwamtunda umaphimba zenera la mainchesi ofanana, ndipo zonsegulu la ndodo ya pansiimalemba mitundu yonse ya ma dayamita omwe tili nawo. Kuchuluka kwake ndi zidutswa 50,000 pamwezi, kutumiza EXW, FOB, CIF, kapena DDU kuchokera ku Ningbo kapena Shanghai.
Chilichonse chomwe chili pamwambapa chikugwirizana ndi mapepala: ISO 9001 fakitale, UL 467 listing, ndi lipoti la mayeso amtundu wa CEPRI lomwe limakhudza makulidwe a mkuwa, kumatira, ndi magwiridwe antchito opindika. QC yathu yamkati imayendetsa zipata zisanu ndi chimodzi kuyambira chitsulo chobwera mpaka kutumiza chisanatumizidwe, ndipo zolemba za batch ndizomwe zili kumbuyo kwa manambala omwe ndatchula m'nkhaniyi. Ngati spec yanu ikufunika kusintha - kutalika kosiyana, majekete okhuthala, mayeso a anthu ena - imeneyo ndi nkhani yomwe timakhala nayo sabata iliyonse, ndipo mutha kuyamba pa yathutsamba lolumikizirana.
Zosowa Zitatu za RFQ zomwe ndimatumiza kwa Ogula
Choyipa kwambiri ndi kugawanika kwa magetsi. Ma RFQ ambiri omwe ndimatsegula amanena za mphamvu yamagetsi — mwachitsanzo 40 kA — ndipo palibe china chilichonse, chomwe chimakakamiza ndodo iliyonse ndi kondakitala kuti zikhale zazikulu ngati kuti 40 kA yonse ikulowa mu gridi. Sizitero.Popeza mawaya oteteza ndi zingwe zotchingira mawaya zimatengera mphamvu zambiri za magetsi kubwerera ku gwero, chizindikiro cholembedwa popanda mphamvu ya magetsi chimamanga mkuwa wochulukirapo kawiri kapena kasanu kuposa momwe bwalo lingathandizire.— Chikwama chogwira ntchito cha Bentley Systems chimayika manambala enieni: 22 kA of fault, 691 A mu gridi. Chifukwa chake yankho langa loyamba ku RFQ iliyonse si quotation; ndi pempho la manambala anayi: 3I₀, X/R ratio, primary ndi backup clearing times, ndi split factor kapena shield-wire configuration yomwe ikufunika kuti iwerengedwe. Ogula omwe ali nazo amapeza defensible spec; ogula omwe sapeza conservative column, ndipo amalipira mu copper.
Chachiwiri chomwe sichinatchulidwe ndi chitsanzo cha nthaka chomwe chavekedwa ngati mtengo wa nthaka. Mzere wolembedwa kuti “kukana nthaka: 100 Ω·m” umandiuza kuti winawake watsegula buku lophunzitsira, chifukwa buku la Bentley limafotokoza momveka bwino kuti malo okana mofanana sapezeka kawirikawiri, ndipo nthaka yozizira yozizira imakweza kukana mwamphamvu. Ndisanapereke kutalika kwa ndodo, ndimapempha Wenner four-pin traverses — malo angapo, mtunda wa pini kupita ku diagonal yayitali kwambiri ya gridi, pafupifupi 76 m pa yadi ya 40 m × 65 m. Kafukufukuyu amasankha ngati mukufuna ndodo za 2.4 m, ndodo za 3.0 m, kapena zingwe zolumikizidwa zomwe zingathe kukulitsidwa mu gawo lozama; katalogu singathe.
Chachitatu chomwe sichinatchulidwe ndi zinthu ziwiri zotetezera zomwe palibe amene ali nazo. Choyamba ndi njira yolumikizira: siyani izi ndipo kontrakitala amayika ma clamp aliwonse omwe ali pagalimoto, ndipo cholumikizira chimodzi chozimiririka chimakhala malo otchuka omwe IEEE 80 imawerengera osaganiziridwapo - ndichifukwa chake ndimalemba exothermic welding mu mzere womwewo wa RFQ monga ndodo. China ndi gawo la miyala yophwanyika, lomwe kugula limawona ngati malo okongoletsa pomwe masamu amagetsi olekerera amaliona ngati zida zotetezera: lichotseni ndipo chitsanzo cha 110 kV chogwiritsidwa ntchito chimatsika kuchokera pa 1,314 V yovomerezeka kufika pa 222 V motsutsana ndi voliyumu ya 880 V. Kupitilira izi zitatu, RFQ ikufunikabe zinthu zake wamba - m'mimba mwake, kutalika, gawo la mkuwa ≥0.254 mm, kukakamiza ≥580 N/mm² - kuphatikiza zigawo zitatu za umboni woyeserera womwe uli mu FAQ pansipa.
Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi ndi ndodo iti ya pansi ya substation yopingasa yomwe ma specifications ambiri a EPC amagwerapo?
Mu ma specs omwe ndikuwunika, mainchesi 16–19 mm (5/8–3/4 in) okhala ndi utali wa 2.4–3.0 m amaphimba malo ambiri osinthira magetsi ndi kugawa magetsi. Masamu a kutentha nthawi zambiri sakakamiza mainchesi - ndodo ya 14.2 mm imadutsa kale cheke cha 40 kA, 1 s - kotero oyendetsa amayendetsa kulimba, kukula kwa ulusi wolumikizira, ndi kulola kuti dzimbiri liziyenda. Ndatchula 17.2 mm ngati chokhazikika - imachotsa kalasi ya ulusi ya 5/8 ndikuyendetsa molunjika 3.0 m.
Kodi ndodo yayitali kapena yokhuthala ndi yabwino pochepetsa kukana kwa gridi?
Kutalika, pafupifupi nthawi zonse — kutalika kowirikiza kawiri kuyambira 1.5 m mpaka 3.0 m kumadula kukana pafupifupi 44% mu nthaka yofanana ya 100 Ω·m, pomwe kukula kowirikiza kawiri kuyambira 14.2 mm mpaka 25 mm kumadula pafupifupi 9%. Pamene thanthwe limaletsa kuya, onjezani ndodo pamalo otalikirana ndi ndodo imodzi kapena gwiritsani ntchito bentonite backfill, zomwe kafukufuku wa 2025 MDPI Applied Sciences akuwonetsa kuti zimachepetsa kwambiri.
Kodi mphamvu yamagetsi yolakwika imalowa bwanji mu gridi yapansi?
Gawo logawanika lokha — nthawi zambiri 20–50% pa malangizo a Keentel Engineering, ndipo nthawi zina zochepa kwambiri. Buku lowunikira nthaka la Bentley Systems limagwiritsa ntchito cholakwika cha 22 kA phase-A pomwe 691 A yokha idadutsa munjira yomwe idapangitsa kuti nthaka ikwere; mawaya oteteza ndi zingwe zolumikizira zida zimanyamula zina zonse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake gawo logawanika kuchokera ku kafukufuku wa nthaka liyenera kukhala mu RFQ yanu musanakambirane za kukula kwa ndodo.
Kodi IEEE 80 imafuna ndodo zachitsulo zolumikizidwa ndi mkuwa, kapena mkuwa wolimba?
IEEE 80 imadalira magwiridwe antchito — imakhazikitsa miyezo ya kutentha, kukana, ndi kukhudza/sitepe, osati chinthu chopangidwa. Chitsulo cholumikizidwa ndi mkuwa chinakhala ndodo yoyambira pansi chifukwa chitsulocho chimapereka mphamvu yoyendetsera makina a 2.4–3.0 m pomwe jekete yamkuwa imanyamula magetsi ndikukana dzimbiri; UL 467 imapangitsa jekete locheperako la 0.254 mm kukhala loyenera. Mkuwa wolimba umayendetsa bwino nthaka yolimba; chitsulo cholimba chimataya mkangano wokhudzana ndi dzimbiri.
Kodi ndodo ziyenera kuyendetsedwa mozama bwanji, ndipo ziyenera kutalikirana bwanji?
Muzofotokozera zomwe ndikuvomereza, njira yodziwika bwino ndi yakuti ndodo 2.4–3.0 m pansi pa gridi yobisika 0.5–0.8 m kuya, ndi ndodo pamalo ozungulira ndi malo ofunikira zida, zotalikirana ndi ndodo imodzi kutalika kuti zipolopolo zawo zotsutsana zisagwirizane. Pamene kafukufuku wa nthaka akuwonetsa gawo lapamwamba loletsa kupondereza pamwamba pa kuya kwa conductive, ndodo zotambasuka zimakulolani kuyendetsa 6 m kapena kuzama - kafukufuku woyerekeza wa MDPI akutsimikizira kuti ndodo zoyendetsedwa ndi kuya ndizokhazikika kwambiri mu nthaka yolimba kwambiri.
Kodi ndodo zomangira zokha zingakonze malo otetezedwa ndi mphepo?
Sikuti nthawi zonse, ndipo kuona mtima pano kumasunga ndalama. Pamene masamu a nthaka yofanana alephera cholinga, makwerero otsimikiziridwa ndi awa: ma electrode oyendetsedwa mozama, ndodo zambiri pamalo oyenera, conductive backfill (bentonite kapena conductive concrete, yolembedwa mu kafukufuku wa MDPI), ndipo potsiriza zitsime zakuya pansi - Keentel akunena za chitsanzo pamene electrode yakuya inali ndi 62% ya fault current dispersion. Ndodo ndi choyambira chotsika mtengo kwambiri, koma chitsanzo cha nthaka chiyenera kusankha rung.
Ndi zikalata ziti zoyesera zomwe ndiyenera kufunsa kuchokera kwa ogulitsa ndodo zogunda?
Zigawo zitatu: mndandanda (UL 467 kapena wofanana) wotsimikizira gulu la zinthu; mayeso ovomerezeka - athu ndi CEPRI - omwe akuphatikizapo makulidwe a mkuwa, kumatira, ndi kupindika; ndi zolemba za batch-level zomwe zikuwonetsa mkuwa ≥0.254 mm, kukoka ≥580 N/mm², ndi kupindika kwa 90° pa radius ya 100 mm popanda kuchotsedwa. Ngati wogulitsa sangathe kupanga zonse zitatuzi, mulibe umboni woti ndodo ndi zomwe deta ikunena.
Kodi mukuyesa kukula kwa gridi ya substation poyerekeza ndi IEEE 80 pakali pano?
Nditumizireni nthawi yanu yochotsera vuto, nthawi yochotsera, gawo logawanika, ndi chitsanzo cha nthaka — ndidzabweranso mkati mwa tsiku limodzi logwira ntchito ndi malangizo a kutalika kwa diameter, masamu omwe ali kumbuyo kwake, ndi mtengo wake.Yambani kukambirana patsamba lathu lolumikizirana →
Ndimayendetsa ntchito yotumiza zinthu kunja kwa dziko lapansi komanso kuteteza mphezi kuchokera ku fakitale yathu ya Xinchang, ndikuwunikiranso ma specs a IEEE 80 substation ndi EPC ndi ogula magetsi m'maiko opitilira 40.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-06-2026