Buku lotsogolera deta ya malo ogwirira ntchito kwa mainjiniya a solar EPC: momwe ma electrode 4,200 oyambira mankhwala omwe adatumizidwa ku fakitale ya PV ya Saudi ya 150 MW adasungira kukana kwa pedi ya 3.1 Ω kwa zaka zisanu pa nthaka ya 1,800 Ω·cm - ndi njira zogulira, kukhazikitsa, ndi kuwunika zomwe zidatifikitsa pamenepo.

Zambiri za nkhaniyi zimachokera ku fakitale ya PV ya Saudi ya 150 MW yomwe idatifikira mu Ogasiti 2020 ngati kafukufuku wamba. EPC yochokera ku Madrid idasintha kuchoka pa mtengo uliwonse kupita ku zomwe zili mu imelo yachiwiri - mainjiniya wawo wamkulu adakumana ndi pulojekiti ya 50 MW mu 2018 pomwe zinthu zosungidwa ndi ndodo zinadutsa malire a mphamvu yamagetsi m'chaka chachitatu. Chotsatira ndi mndandanda wogula, kukhazikitsa, ndi kuyeza zomwe zidapanga njira yogwirira ntchito ya 3.1 Ω average / 4.7 Ω worst / zaka zisanu zosakonzedwa - ndi gulu limodzi la ogulitsa lomwe linatsala pang'ono kuiphwanya.

1. Chomera Chopanda Kukonza Chomwe Chinayamba Ndi Chomera Chopanda Ndodo Yothiriridwa

Chomwe chinalephereka chinali fakitale ya 50 MW yaku Chile yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2018 ndi ndodo zachikhalidwe zoyendetsedwa ndi mkuwa komanso nthawi yothirira kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pofika chaka chachitatu, zenera lamagetsi lokhudza ma inverter pads asanu ndi limodzi linali litakwera pamwamba pa malire a kapangidwe kake chifukwa maulendo awiri okonzekera kuthirira mu 2020 adadukidwa (zoletsa kuyenda kwa COVID). Ndodozo sizinalepheretse kugwira ntchito — zinali zitauma. Kukana kwa ma Pad kunadutsa malire a 5 Ω pa ma pedi atatu mwa asanu ndi limodzi.

Imeneyo ndiye mpata wogwirira ntchito womwe electrode yothira mankhwala imatseka. Chogulitsa chathu ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi mkuwa (17.2 mm mpaka 25.4 mm) mkati mwa 100 mm mpaka 150 mm augered annulus, chodzazidwa ndi hygroscopic compound - dongo la bentonite losakanizidwa ndi magnesium sulfate ndi chowonjezera chosungira chinyezi. Chosakanizacho chimayamwa chinyezi chozungulira ndikuchigwira pamwamba pa ndodo; magnesium sulfate imasunga dothi loyenda nthawi yomweyo. Zotsatira zake pamlingo wa chomera ndichakuti zenera la kukhudza-voltage limakhala mkati mwa malire a kapangidwe ka zaka 25 mpaka 30, ndipo nthawi yothirira imatsika kuchokera mu dongosolo la O&M.

Pa polojekiti ya ku Saudi Arabia, kusiyana pakati pa ndodo yothira madzi ndi electrode ya mankhwala kunali kudzipereka kwa zaka zisanu kwa O&M komwe EPC inali kulemba mu chumacho tsiku loyamba. Chimango chimenecho chikafika m'chipindamo, mtengo wa pa chidutswa chilichonse umakhala chinthu chotetezedwa.

2. Mapu Okhudza Kukana kwa Dothi ndi Dothi Omwe Anasankha Ma Electrode 4,200

Yankho loona mtima laKodi electrode ya mankhwala imasiya liti kukhala yosankha?ndi mapu oti nthaka isagwere. Pa fakitale ya ku Saudi Arabia tinachita kafukufuku wa Wenner wa ma pin anayi kudutsa malo okwana 1.8 km² okhala ndi ma pin pa kuya kwa ma electrode komwe kunakonzedwa (ma probe a 1.5 m ndi 3.0 m). Kusanthula komwe kuli pansipa ndi komwe ndimagwiritsa ntchito pamene EPC ikufunsa funso lomweli pa pulojekiti yatsopano.

Chiwerengero chofunikira ndi kuwerenga kwa resistivity pa kuya kwa electrode komwe kwakonzedweratu, osati kuwerenga kwa pamwamba.Pamalo a ku Saudi Arabia, kuwerengera kwa pamwamba pa ma pin anayi kunali pa 380 Ω·cm (kukanatanthauza kuti ndodo yoyendetsedwa inali yokwanira); kuwerengera kwa 1.5 m kunali 1,400 Ω·cm ndipo kuwerengera kwa 3.0 m kunali 1,800 Ω·cm. Popanda kafukufuku wogawanika, EPC ikanatchula mndandanda wa ndodo zoyendetsedwa ndi madzi.

3. Kodi "Kusakonza Zinthu Mopanda Kukonza" Kumatanthauza Chiyani Mu Lipoti Lathu Loyesa Mtundu?

Mawuwa ndi ofanana ndi a makampani koma osakhazikika, kotero timalemba zonse zomwe zatumizidwa. Electrode yopanda mankhwala yokhazikika pa doko lathu lotumizira ili ndi zinthu zinayi zaukadaulo zomwe zimawonekera mu lipoti loyesa mtundu, ndipo lipotilo ndi lomwe EPC iyenera kufunsa kuti ione isanasainire PO.

1. Hygroscopic backfill (paIEC 62561-7).Bentonite yophatikizidwa ndi magnesium sulfate (osati sodium chloride, yomwe imaukira mitima yophimbidwa ndi mkuwa). Kuyesa kwa 60°C / masiku 30 a ionic-stability kumapeza njira zazifupi za ogulitsa: mankhwala ovomerezeka amakhala ndi ≥80% ya kuchepetsa kukana; gulu la ogulitsa la 2022 latsika kufika pa 65%, zomwe zimayambitsa switch yophatikiza mkati mwa nyumba.
2. Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi mkuwaNEMA GR-1, 254 µm cladding yocheperako.Imawongolera dzimbiri la galvanic. Tinakana kampani yogulitsa ya 2021 yomwe inali ndi cladding ya 180 µm — mkati mwake kuti ipange ma signal earthing otsika koma yopyapyala kwambiri kuti isagwire ntchito ya impulse-current yomwe ESE termination imanyamula panthawi ya strike.
3. Dzenje loyang'anira lokhazikika ndi zenera loyezera lokhala ndi chogwirira.300 mm × 300 mm × 300 mm polima (osati konkire; ming'alu ya konkire mu kayendedwe ka kutentha kouma). Kuwerenga kolimba kumalola gulu la O&M kuwonanso kuyesanso kwa chaka chachisanu mu masekondi 30 pa pedi iliyonse.
4. Palibe nthawi yoti madzi abwererenso mu dongosolo la O&M.Buku la Saudi likufuna kuti pakhale clamp-on chaka choyamba, chaka chachitatu, ndi chaka chachisanu — palibe chomwe chili pakati. Kuthirira kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena khumi ndi iwiri kumatanthauza kuti electrode yasankhidwa molakwika.

Kusiyana pakati paelectrode yoyambira mankhwalandindodo ya nthaka ya electrolytic ionMu mzere wathu muli mawonekedwe ake, osati ogwira ntchito — chubu cha mkuwa motsutsana ndi maziko achitsulo ophimbidwa ndi mkuwa, kumbuyo komweko. Zonsezi zinapereka avareji yofanana ya 3.1 Ω motsutsana ndi cholinga cha 5 Ω pa fakitale ya Saudi.

4. Miyezo Inayi Yomwe Ikufotokozedwa mu Saudi Spec

Ma spec a ku Saudi Arabia anali ndi miyezo inayi. Ndi muyezo uti womwe unkalamulira chisankho chomwe EPC nthawi zambiri zimasiya chosaonekera - nayi mapu ogwirira ntchito.

Pa ma MV pads ndi malo osungiramo zinthu a POI,IEEE 80ndiIEEE 665Zinali zoletsa zomangira, osati kukana kwa raw pad. Ma lead onse awiri adayenera kugwirizana pa IEEE 837 asanasainirane.

5. Kumene Ma Electrode Anapitadi Pa Array

Pa fakitale ya ku Saudi Arabia, funso lakuti “ndiwaike kuti” linayankhidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chithunzi cha mzere umodzi chomwe EPC inachikonzanso katatu chidebe choyamba chisanatumizidwe. Ma electrode a mankhwala anafika pamitundu isanu yosiyanasiyana ya malo — ndipo chikalata chogulira chinayenera kufotokoza muyezo womwe unalamulira malo ati, chifukwa mawonekedwe a electrode omwewo adatchulidwa mosiyana pa chilichonse.

Chithunzi 2 — Electrode ya electrolytic ion ground rod type chemical type mu dzenje lomaliza loyang'anira pa Saudi-plant inverter pad. Pakati pake pamakhala mkuwa wolumikizidwa ndi exothermically ku driver wa grounding conditioner pamlingo wa dzenje loyang'anira.

1. Ma inverter pads.Inayamba pa imodzi pa pedi; inawonjezera sekondi pa mapepala 14 pomwe kafukufuku wa 1.5 m anali pamwamba pa 1,800 Ω·cm (ma electrode 1,316, avareji ya 3.1 Ω).
2. Mapepala osinthira magetsi a MV.Ma electrode awiri pa pad iliyonse kuphatikiza wosanjikiza wa miyala pamwamba, wopangidwa motsutsana ndi zenera la IEEE 80 lokhudza ndi la step-voltage (ma pad 84, ma electrode 168).
3. Mabokosi ophatikiza.Elektrodi imodzi pa bokosi lililonse (maelekitirodi 1,890).
4. Malekezero onse awiri a thunthu lalikulu la zida za DC - grounding trunk.Ma electrode awiri (thunthu la 1.4 km).
5. Kutha kwa ESE lightning down-conductor.Ma terminal 24 a ESE air pa array perimeter ndi MV switchgear housing, iliyonse yokhala ndi electrolytic ion ground rod termination (mphamvu yamagetsi ya impulse ndiyo inali choletsa chomangira).

Zonse: Ma electrode a mankhwala 4,200, ofanana ndi nthawi yogulira ya EPC ndi makontena omwe adachoka ku Xinchang pakati pa Seputembala 2020 ndi Marichi 2022. Cholakwika chomwe ndimachiwona nthawi zambiri pakusintha koyamba ndikuwona mitundu yonse isanu ya malo ngati yofanana - siili. Chikalata chogulira chiyenera kufotokoza muyezo womwe umalamulira malo ati.

6. Choyimira cha Backfill-Chemistry Chomwe Chimasiyanitsa Wopereka

Pa pulojekiti ya Saudi, chiganizo cha backfill chinalekanitsa awiri omwe adafika pamndandanda wa ma bid. Mmodzi adatumiza kabukhu ka masamba 14 ndi chisonyezero chimodzi cha IEC 62561-7 kumbuyo kwa chikuto. Wina adatumiza lipoti la mayeso amtundu wa masamba 38 lomwe limafotokoza za resistivity reduction factor pazikhalidwe zinayi za chinyezi, zotsatira za 60°C / 30-day ionic-stability, curve yosungira chinyezi ya masiku 90, ndi chiganizo chotsata malamulo azachilengedwe cha ESIA. Wachiwiri ndi wogulitsa yemwe EPC adalemba mu dongosolo la O&M la zaka 25.

Chilankhulo chogulira chomwe tidalemba cha Saudi spec chimatchula nyumba zinayi — nyumba zinayi zomwe timayesa mkati mwa nyumba iliyonse yotumizidwa, ndi zinayi zomwezo zomwe zimabwereranso mu lipoti lathu loyesa mtundu.

• Chinthu chochepetsera kukana (malinga ndi IEC 62561-7).Muyezo: 12:1 pa chinyezi chodziwika bwino cha 20%.
• Kukhazikika kwa ionic kwa nthawi yayitali (60°C / kuyesedwanso kwa masiku 30).Magnesium sulfate pamwamba pa sodium chloride (chloride imaukira mitima yokhala ndi mkuwa); malire osungira ≥80%. Gulu la ogulitsa la 2022 linabwerera pa 65% - chomwe chinayambitsa kuphatikiza mkati mwa nyumba.
• Kusunga chinyezi mkati mwa masiku 90 kuti chiume.Kusunga 73% patatha masiku 90 pa kutentha kwa 35°C / 30% RH — mfundo ya data yomwe EPC idagwiritsa ntchito kukhazikitsa mayeso obwerezabwereza a chaka chachisanu.
• Kutsatira malamulo okhudza chilengedwe ku ESIA.Imadutsa gulu lokhazikika la leachate losakwana 1 mg/L pazitsulo zolamulidwa.

Fakitale yomwe ikuwonetsa lipoti la mayeso a mitundu inayi ya katundu ndi yomwe EPC imalemba mu dongosolo la O&M la zaka 25; yomwe ili ndi pepala lokhalo lokhala ndi ndodo imawonekera chaka chachiwiri ndi imelo ya "compound yatsopano yokonzedwanso".

7. Momwe Tidafotokozera Njira Yoyendetsera Ntchito ya Saudi EPC

Njira yofotokozera zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi yomwe tidagwiritsa ntchito mu EPC ndi yomweyi yomwe timayendetsa pa projekiti iliyonse ya PV. Si mndandanda wamba - gawo lililonse lili ndi chisankho chomwe mainjiniya wa EPC ayenera kupanga pa projekiti yawo yeniyeni.

1. Chitani kafukufuku wa Wenner wokhudzana ndi kukana nthaka m'malo omwe mwakonza.Lembani pa kuya kwa chipika cha 1.5 m ndi 3.0 m. Kusiyana kwa pamwamba ndi kuya kwa malo a Saudi kunali 4× (380 Ω·cm vs 1,800 Ω·cm).
2. Ikani kukana kwa cholinga pa pad kuchokera pachithunzi cha mzere umodzi wa polojekiti.Saudi EPC seti ya 5 Ω pa inverter pad ndi 1 Ω pa gridi yonse ya equipotential; zonsezi zinachitika chaka chonse mpaka chaka chachisanu.
3. Lembani mwa kulemba momwe zinthu zilili, ndi lipoti la mayeso a mitundu inayi.Gulu la ogulitsa la 2022 linali chitsanzo chabwino - lipotilo linapeza 65% yosungidwa isanatumizidwe.
4. Tsekani mawonekedwe a ndodo ndi muyezo wolumikizira.17.2 mm × 2.4 m wokutidwa ndi mkuwa wa ma inverter pads; 25.4 mm × 2.4 m electrolytic ion geometry ya ma MV pads ndi ma finishing a mphezi. Zolumikizira zolumikizidwa ndi exothermic-welded kuIEEE 837, palibe zomangira zamakina.
5. Ikani mu dothi losasokonezedwa ndi chowumitsira choyimirira cha 100 mm.Chotsukira chomwecho pa mzere wonse — palibe zida zapadera. Dzazani chotsukira musanatseke dzenje loyang'anira; pewani kuyika m'madzi oima (nthawi youma ya masiku 14 musanayike ndiye lamulo lalikulu pamalopo).
6. Tsimikizirani ndi mayeso otsika a kuthekera poyambitsa ntchito komanso chaka chachisanu.Malinga ndi banja la njira ya IEEE 81; kukana matabwa, kutentha kwa nthaka, ndi chinyezi. Kuyesanso kwa chomera cha Saudi kwa zaka zisanu kunabweranso pa avareji ya 3.1 Ω ndi pedi yoyipa kwambiri ya 4.7 Ω.

8. Cholepheretsa Kukula Sitinachichite Bwino Poyamba

Ma electrode oyamba 200 pa fakitale ya Saudi adatumizidwa ndi 75 mm auger (injiniya wa malo a EPC adagwiritsa ntchito pa projekiti yapitayi ya drive-rod) ndipo ziwerengero za munda zidabweranso pa avareji ya 5.8 Ω poyerekeza ndi cholinga cha 5 Ω - chophatikiziracho sichinali ndi malo okwanira kuti chizimwa madzi. Tinasamukira ku 100 mm pa ma electrode otsala 4,000 ndipo avareji idatsika kufika pa 3.1 Ω. Mabowo 200 osakula kwambiri sanabwezeretsedwe; ndi 6% ya ma pads mu "overall 2,000 Ω·cm" omwe adalandira chithandizo cha double-electrode.

Kusiyana kwa 0.4 Ω pakati pa 75 mm ndi 100 mm auger ndiye chinthu chachikulu kwambiri chomwe tayesa — ndipo ndi chinthu chomwe mainjiniya wa malo a EPC amachilamulira, osati fakitale kapena chemistry ya backfill. Mzere wophatikizana ukhoza kumangidwa kuchokera pa desiki yofotokozera; auger sangathe.

9. Momwe Izi Zikugwirizanirana ndi Kumanga kwa Dzuwa Padziko Lonse — ndi Chifukwa Chake Zili Zofunika Pa Kugula kwa EPC mu 2026

3.1 Ω ya fakitale ya ku Saudi Arabia si yosiyana ndi ina iliyonse. Kudzera mu kutumiza kwathu kwa 2020-2025 kupita ku PV yogwiritsidwa ntchito ku Middle East, North Africa, US Southwest, ndi inland Australia, kukana kwapakati pa ma pad pa malo okonzedwa bwino kwafika pa 2.8 mpaka 3.6 Ω poyerekeza ndi cholinga cha 5 Ω. Kufalikira kwa 0.8 Ω kumayendetsedwa ndi dothi la band ndi auger-hole diameter kumbali yokhazikitsa. Kugwirizana kwa backfill-chemistry sikuli kofunikira kuposa auger-hole diameter - zomwe zidadabwitsa gulu lathu la QA pamene tidayang'ananso deta yoyesereranso ya chaka chachisanu motsutsana ndi zolemba zokhazikitsa.

Kachitidwe kameneka ka deta yamunda kakutsutsana ndi kapangidwe kamene kakuyikidwa tsopano, ndiKutsata kwa IEA-PVPS, mphamvu yatsopano ya PV yoposa 400 GW pachaka.Chithunzi cha IEA-PVPS 2024akutsimikizira kuti PV yokwanira yadutsa 2 TW;Zobwezerezedwanso za IEA 2024lipoti likuwonetsa kuti PV yamagetsi yamagetsi ikhalabe yothandiza kwambiri pakupanga mphamvu zatsopano zongowonjezedwanso mpaka chaka cha 2030. Kwa magulu ogula zinthu, kuyika nthaka kwasamuka kuchoka pa mzere wamba wa ndodo ndi chomangira kupita ku gulu lodziwika bwino lamagetsi - ndipo ogulitsa omwe angathe kupanga lipoti loyesa mitundu inayi yamagetsi ndi omwe apambana kafukufukuyu.

10. Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri Kuchokera ku Magulu Ogula Zinthu a EPC

Kodi electrode yothira mankhwala pa famu ya dzuwa ndi chiyani?

Ndodo yachitsulo yokutidwa ndi mkuwa yoyikidwa moyimirira ndipo yozunguliridwa ndi chosakaniza cha hygroscopic backfill chomwe chimayamwa chinyezi chozungulira, ndikukhazikitsa kukana kwa ma electrode kwa zaka zambiri popanda kuthirira ndi manja. Pa fakitale ya Saudi, 4,200 adatumizidwa kuchokera 2020 mpaka 2022 ndi avareji ya 3.1 Ω pazaka zisanu.

N’chifukwa chiyani kupukuta nthaka popanda kukonza n’kofunika pa PV yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri?

Zomera zimaphimba mahekitala makumi ambiri mpaka mazana ambiri ndi malo ambirimbiri a ma electrode. Ma electrode achikhalidwe omwe amathirira kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena khumi ndi iwiri amasiya chumacho chitatetezedwa ngati nthawi yatha. Kuchotsa nthaka popanda kukonza kumachotsa njira yothirira.

Kodi ndi mphamvu yanji yolimbana ndi nthaka yomwe ndi yokwera kwambiri kuposa ndodo yoyendetsedwa yokha?

Pamwamba pa 1,000 Ω·cm, ndodo imodzi yokhala ndi mkuwa yoyendetsedwa ndi mkuwa singafikire pansi pa 5 Ω pa pedi popanda ndodo zambiri kapena zoyikamo zakuya kwambiri. Pa fakitale ya Saudi, 73% ya array inali mu gulu la 1,000-2,000 Ω·cm; 6% pamwamba pa 2,000 Ω·cm inali ndi ma electrodes a delta-pattern.

Ndi miyezo iti yomwe imagwira ntchito poika mankhwala pa zomera za PV?

IEEE 837za zolumikizira,IEEE 80 / IEEE 665kapangidwe ka malo osungiramo zinthu,IEC 62561-7zopangira zinthu zadothi, ndiNkhani 690 ya NFPA 70 (NEC)pokhazikitsa maziko a dongosolo la PV.NEMA GR-1chimaphimba ndodo yokha.

Kodi electrode ya mankhwala imagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Elekitirodi yosankhidwa bwino imapereka nthawi yokhazikika yolimbana ndi kuzizira kwa zaka 25 mpaka 30. Kuphimba kwa mkuwa kumawongolera dzimbiri la galvanic; malo osungiramo zinthu amakhalabe ogwira ntchito chifukwa ndi osalala. Maelelekitirodi 4,200 a chomera cha Saudi sanathiridwenso madzi kuyambira pomwe adayikidwa.

Kodi ma electrode a mankhwala amakwaniritsa zofunikira za NEC 690?

Inde.Nkhani 690 ya NFPA 70 (NEC)chimakwirira nthaka ya dongosolo la PV; electrode ya mankhwala yokhala ndi pakati pa mkuwa ndiIEEE 837zolumikizira zimakwaniritsa zofunikira.

Kodi mankhwala obwezeretsa mphamvu ya thupi amasiyana bwanji ndi mankhwala a bentonite okha?

Bentonite yoyera ndi yopyapyala koma imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ayoni m'nyengo youma. Kudzaza kosakonzedwa kumawonjezera mchere wa electrolyte (nthawi zambiri magnesium sulfate) komanso chowonjezera chosungira chinyezi.

Kodi ma electrode a mankhwala ayenera kuyikidwa kuti pa gulu la PV?

Pa fakitale ya ku Saudi: 1,316 pa ma inverter pads, 168 pa ma MV pads, 1,890 pa mabokosi ophatikiza, 2 kumapeto onse a thunthu la DC la 1.4 km, 24 pa ESE lightning terminals — zonse 4,200. Geometry imasiyana malinga ndi malo.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa electrode ya mankhwala ndi ndodo ya nthaka ya electrolytic ion ndi kotani?

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana m'ma datasheet ambiri. Mumzere wathu, electrode ya mankhwala imagwiritsa ntchito chubu cha mkuwa;ndodo ya nthaka ya electrolytic ionimagwiritsa ntchito core yopangidwa ndi mkuwa.

11. Kutseka — Zimene Tinapempha Saudi EPC Kuti Ititumizire Pa Tsiku Loyamba

Ngati ndinu mainjiniya wa polojekiti ya EPC ndipo chikalata chogulira chatsegulidwa, ndalama zochepa zomwe zimatithandiza kutchula popanda kuzungulira kwa masabata asanu ndi limodzi ndi zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi zomwe gulu la Madrid linatumiza mu Ogasiti 2020: chithunzi cha mzere umodzi chokhala ndi malo a electrode, kafukufuku wa Wenner wokhala ndi magawo pa kuya komwe kunakonzedwa, zolinga zotsutsana ndi per-pad ndi per-grid, muyezo wolumikizira (nthawi zambiriIEEE 837), muyezo wa backfill compound (IEC 62561-7), ndi zoletsa za ESIA.

Pa polojekiti yeniyeni, njira yachangu kwambiri nditsamba la mankhwala opangira ma electrode oyambira mankhwala,ndodo ya nthaka ya electrolytic ionndigawo la pansimasamba, kapenaZapamwamba 5blog.Lumikizanani ndi ofesi yathu yotumizira kunjakuti mukambirane mwachindunji.