Kotala lapitali ndinakhalapo pa ndemanga ya kapangidwe ka nsanja yokhalamo ya zipinda 28 — osati monga wowonera, koma monga wogulitsa yemwe malonda ake anali pafupi kulembedwa muzofotokozera. Katswiri wa MEP anayang'ana pepala loteteza mphezi, anayang'ana kalata ya malo opumulira ndege, ndipo anafunsa chipindacho funso limodzi:"Kodi ndodo iyi ikugwiradi ntchito yomwe tinaiwerengera, kapena ndi chizindikiro chabe chomwe chili pachithunzichi?"Palibe amene anayankha kwa masekondi khumi. Ndakhala ndikuonera chete chomwecho mu polojekiti iliyonse, ndipo ndicho chifukwa chake ndinalemba bukuli.
Nayi zenizeni zamalonda zomwe ndimaona kuchokera ku fakitale:Kamodzi mtundu wa malo okwerera ndege ukafika mu ndondomekoyi, nkhani ya mtundu wa nyumbayo imakhala yatha.Wopanga nyumba amagula zomwe chithunzicho chikunena, kuchuluka kwake kumatsatira dongosolo la denga, ndipo injiniya wowunikira amawunika momwe zinthu zikuyendera malinga ndi muyezo womwe mlangizi adatchula. Chifukwa chake zisankho zomwe zimapangidwa pa desiki yojambulira - mulingo wa chitetezo, njira yotetezera, zinthu zomangira ndi kutalika kwa malo oikira - ndi zisankho zofunika. Chilichonse chotsatira ndi kugula.
Ndakhala zaka 12 ndikupereka malo okwerera ndege kumapulojekiti aatali, ndipo alangizi omwe amalandira zilolezo zonse amakonza chisankhocho mofanana. Ndachepetsa dongosolo limenelo kukhala magawo anayi.
Konzani mulingo wotetezera musanakhudze tsamba la malonda
Miyezo ya chitetezo ya IEC 62305 I–IV imakhazikitsa utali wa malo ozungulira — mamita 20, 30, 45 ndi 60 motsatana — ndipo kuwerengera kulikonse komwe kumatsatira kumalandira chiwerengero chimenecho. Zipatala ndi nsanja zodzaza deta nthawi zambiri zimafika pa Level I kapena II; nyumba zazitali zokhalamo nthawi zambiri zimakhala pa III kapena IV. Ngati mulingowo ndi wolakwika, palibe malo opumulira ndege padziko lapansi omwe amapulumutsa kapangidwe kake.
Sankhani njira yodzitetezera mwadala, osati mwachizolowezi
Njira yoteteza ya madigiri 65 (radius ≈ 2.14×h) ndi njira yosavuta yomwe imagwira ntchito pa mtunda wocheperako. Pamwamba pa mamita pafupifupi 60, ndimakakamiza mlangizi aliyense kuti agwiritse ntchito njira yozungulira, chifukwa njira yozungulira imapitirira kuphimba pamene kutalika kukukula. Kusakaniza njira pa chithunzi chimodzi ndi ndemanga yodziwika kwambiri yomwe ndimawona.
Tchulani malo ofikira pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu ndi ntchito, osati ndi "ndodo ya mphezi, 1 ayi."
Mzere wodziwika bwino wa malo okwerera ndege uli ndi zinthu (99% zamkuwa kapena chitsulo chokulungidwa ndi mkuwa), m'mimba mwake (12–15 mm), kutalika (0.5/0.75 m kapena polojekiti), mphamvu ya mphepo (yoposa 50 m/s ya nyumba zazitali) ndi tsatanetsatane wa malo okwerera. Chikalata cha mzere umodzi cha "ndodo ya mphezi" chimapereka chisankho kwa wopereka mtengo wotsika kwambiri.
Lembani malire a dongosolo: terminal, down-conductor, earth
Malo opumira mpweya amangogwira ntchito. Chojambulacho chiyenera kuchilumikiza ku ma down-conductors ndi kutha kwa dziko lapansi kwa 10 ohms kapena kupitirira apo, ndi zigawo zomwe zayesedwa ndi IEC 62561. Malo opumira okongola panjira yosweka ndi chizindikiro cha vuto, osati chitetezo.
Nchifukwa chiyani gawo lojambula limasankha kugula nyumba yonse?
Ndikufuna kunena mosapita m'mbali za izi, chifukwa zinanditengera zaka zambiri kuti ndizione bwino. Pofika nthawi yopereka chithandizo ikafika ku inbox yanga, zisankho zosangalatsa zimakhala zitapangidwa kale. Bilu ya kuchuluka kwake imati "ndodo ya mpweya wamkuwa, 14 mm, 0.75 m" chifukwa mlangizi wina analemba mzerewu miyezi ingapo yapitayo.ChifukwaNgati mfundozo sizikukhudzidwa kuyambira pakupanga mapangidwe kupita ku zikalata za ma tender m'mapulojekiti ambiri, cholembedwa cha mlangizi chimasankha bwino gulu la zinthu pansi pa nyumbayo.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndimathera nthawi yanga poyankha mafunso a alangizi kwaulere. Pamene bungwe lopanga mapulani limandifunsa ngati ngodya ya madigiri 65 ingathe kutetezedwa pa nsanja ya mamita 90, sindikungothandiza chabe - ndikuthandiza kulemba mzere womwe udzagulidwe nthawi makumi anayi, makumi asanu ndi atatu, mazana awiri. Ngati ndinu mlangizi amene mukuwerenga izi, mphamvu yomweyo ili m'manja mwanu, ndipo sizikuwonongerani ndalama zambiri kuposa kupeza ziganizo zinayi molondola.
Unyolo umagwira ntchito motere: mulingo woteteza umatanthauzira mawonekedwe; mawonekedwe a geometry amatanthauzira kuchuluka kwa ma terminal ndi kutalika kwake; zinthu ndi tsatanetsatane woyikira zimafotokoza zomwe zimayitanidwa.ChifukwaGawo lililonse limachulukitsa lomwe lisanafike, gawo loyamba losakhazikika silingathe kukonzedwa ndi mawu osamala pambuyo pake - cholakwikacho chimaphatikizidwa mu terminal iliyonse padenga.
Rolling Sphere kapena 65-Degree Angle: Ndi Njira Iti Yoyenera Kujambula Pamwamba Kwambiri?
Kabukhu kathu kamafotokoza bwino ngodya yoteteza — madigiri 65, yokhala ndi kutalika kofanana kwa chitetezo cha 2.14 kuposa kutalika kwa ndodo. Chiwerengero chimenecho ndi chovomerezeka cha sayansi ya njira yoteteza ngodya, ndipo pa bwalo la zipinda zisanu sindikutsutsana nacho. Koma ndikulangiza alangizi kuti asatumize ku ntchito zazitali, ndipo nayi mfundo yanga.
Njira ya ngodya imatanthauza kuti dera lotetezedwa limakula molunjika ndi kutalika. Njira yozungulira-sphere — maziko aIEC 62305-1— sichichita: chipande cha mamita 20, 30, 45 kapena 60 chimapindidwa pamwamba pa nyumbayo, ndipo chilichonse chomwe chipandecho sichingakhudze chimatetezedwa.ChifukwaKufikira kwa bwalo la mlengalenga kumaphwanyika pamene ndodoyo ikukwera poyerekeza ndi bwalo la mlengalenga, kuwirikiza kawiri kutalika kwa mlongoti sikungawonjezere kawiri kutalika kwake kotetezedwa. Mlangizi yemwe amakweza lamulo la maola 2.14 mpaka pamwamba pa facade ya mamita 100 akujambula chitetezo chomwe geometry sichichirikiza.
| Njira | Kulamulira kwa geometry | Kukwanira bwino kwambiri | Chigamulo chapamwamba |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ngodya yoteteza (65°) | Utali wa utali ≈ 2.14 × ndodo kutalika | Madenga osavuta, osavuta, ndi zowonjezera zazing'ono | Gwiritsani ntchito mosamala; onjezerani kuphimba pamwamba pa ~60 m |
| Chipilala chozungulira | Sipidi r = 20/30/45/60 m potengera mulingo woteteza | Kapangidwe kalikonse, kutalika kulikonse; mawonekedwe oyambira ndi kuwunikanso | Njira yoyamba yovomerezeka |
| Njira ya ulusi | Kukula kwa mauna 5×5 m mpaka 20×20 m ndi mulingo | Mapulani a denga lathyathyathya, oyendetsa parapet | Phatikizani ndi ndodo m'makona ndi m'malo obzala zomera |
Pa nsanja zenizeni sindimawona njira imodzi yokha. Njira yabwino kwambiri m'mapulojekiti omwe timapereka ndi kondakitala wa maukonde mozungulira mpanda, malo opumira mpweya pamakona ndi chomera chapamwamba kwambiri, komanso kutsimikizira dongosolo lonse - njira yokhazikika.IEC 62305-3limafotokoza za chitetezo cha thupi.
Chizolowezi chimodzi chomwe ndimalimbikitsa bungwe lililonse lopanga mapulani lomwe ndimagwira ntchito nacho: kusunga mawu a njira ya tsamba limodzi pambali pa zojambula zomwe zimalemba mulingo wa chitetezo, njira yosankhidwa yoyika ndi dera lozungulira lomwe lagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamene polojekitiyi idutsa mu uinjiniya wa phindu - ndipo idzatero - tsamba limenelo ndi lomwe limaletsa wofufuza kuchuluka kwa zinthu kuti asinthe kalasi ya terminal popanda kuyambiranso kugwiritsa ntchito geometry. Ndawona kusintha kamodzi kosalembedwa kumadula pakati denga, komwe kumapezeka poyesa kupereka, ndipo mtengo wokonzanso unaposa zonse zomwe kusinthaku kunasunga. Mphindi khumi zomwe tsamba lomwe limatenga pa desiki yojambulira ndi inshuwaransi yotsika mtengo kwambiri mu phukusi lonse loteteza mphezi.
Kodi Mzere Wofotokozera wa Malo Oyendetsera Ndege Uyenera Kunena Chiyani Kwenikweni?
Ndikayang'ana zikalata za ma tender, gawo lofooka kwambiri nthawi zambiri ndi mzere wa ndege. "Ndodo ya mphezi, yokwanira, gawo limodzi" silimauza wopereka chilichonse ndipo limateteza mwiniwake ku chilichonse. Mzere womwe umapulumuka pakuwunika kwaubwino ndi kapangidwe kake uli ndi magawo asanu ndi limodzi, ndipo ndakhala ndikuwona owunikira akuyang'ana chilichonse:
| Munda | Chitsanzo cholembedwa | Chifukwa chake wowunikirayo amasamala |
|---|---|---|
| Zinthu Zofunika | 99% mkuwa weniweni, kapena chitsulo chokhala ndi mkuwa chomwe chimalamulira kuba kapena bajeti | Moyo wa dzimbiri ndi kugwirizana kwa galvanic ndi denga |
| M'mimba mwake | 12 / 13 / 13.5 / 14 / 15 mm | Kuuma kwa makina ndi gawo lonyamula mafunde |
| Utali | 0.5 m / 0.75 m, kapena malinga ndi polojekiti | Imakhazikitsa kutalika kwa nsonga komwe kuwerengera malo kunkayenera |
| Maziko a chitetezo | Chipilala chozungulira, Mlingo Wachitatu (r = 45 m) | Imatseka mawonekedwe a malo onse omalizira omwe adayang'aniridwa |
| Kuyesa kwa mphepo | Liwiro la mphepo lolimba lopitirira 50 m/s | Madenga ataliatali amaona mphepo yeniyeni; chotchingira chopindika chimasuntha nsonga yake mwakachetechete |
| Muyezo wa chigawo | Yoyesedwa mtundu waIEC 62561-2 | Zikutsimikizira kuti terminal imapulumuka kuukira komwe idapangidwira kuti igwire |
Onani zomwe zikusowa patebulo limenelo: dzina la kampani. Ine ndikunena izi monga wopanga - ntchito yabwino ya mayina ofotokozera ndipo ndimalola makampani kupikisana pa umboni.ChifukwaMzere wofotokozera umatanthauzira ziphaso zoyeserera, kulengeza zinthu ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya komwe wopambana ayenera kupanga, umasefa ogulitsa modalirika kwambiri kuposa mndandanda uliwonse waufupi. Ngati mukufuna mndandanda wathu waufupi, titha kukupatsani satifiketi yoyesera, kulengeza zinthu, ndi kuwerengera kwa mphepo komwe wopambana ayenera kupereka.ndodo yolumikizira mpweya wamkuwaMa datasheet ngati njira yofotokozera kapangidwe ka template yanu, ndimatumiza kwa alangizi ngati nditapempha.
Mkuwa Woyera, Chitsulo Chokutidwa ndi Mkuwa kapena Singano Imodzi: Kodi Zipangizo Zimayenderana Bwanji ndi Makalasi a Pulojekiti?
Nkhaniyi ndi pamene ndimaona alangizi akulongosola mopitirira muyeso ndi mochepera muyeso wofanana, kotero ndikupatseni mapu omwe ndimagwiritsa ntchito pamene bungwe lopanga mapulani likundifunsa mwachindunji.
99% mkuwa woyera— yathundodo yamkuwa yoyera yokhala ndi singano imodziNdi chisankho chodziwika bwino — chimapeza malo ake pa nsanja zodziwika bwino, mapulojekiti a m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso kulikonse komwe katswiri akufuna nkhani ya dzimbiri ya zaka zoposa 30 yokhala ndi mawu ochepa osamalira. Zimawononga ndalama zambiri, ndipo pa nyumba yodziwika bwino denga ndi malo omaliza osungira ndalama.Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi mkuwa— monga muyezo wathundodo ya mphezi yamkuwa— imakupatsani mawonekedwe a pamwamba pa mkuwa pamwamba pa chitsulo chomwe chimalimbana ndi kupindika ndi kuba mwachisawawa, ndipo ndiyo njira yeniyeni yogwiritsira ntchito nyumba zazitali zokhala ndi nyumba zambiri. Chomwe ndikulimbikitsa ndi ma terminals "okhala ndi mkuwa" osalembedwa pa mapulojekiti ofunikira: ngati chojambulacho sichikunena kuti ndodoyo yapangidwa ndi chiyani, malowo adzalandira chilichonse chomwe chinali chotsika mtengo mwezi umenewo.
Chinthu china chosiyana pa nyumba zazitali: pamalo okwera pafupifupi mamita 200 — malire apamwamba omwe ndodo zathu zimayesedwa — ndimaona kukonza kwa makina ndi momwe mphepo imayendera ngati zinthu zofunika kwambiri, osati zowonjezera. Cholumikizira chomwe chimapindika pa 40 m/s chasintha mawonekedwe omwe mumawerengera, ndipo palibe amene amayendetsanso manambala pambuyo pa mphepo yamkuntho.
Malo okwerera mpweya aatali amkuwa okhala ndi maziko a chishalo. Pa denga lalitali, tsatanetsatane wokonzera ndi mphamvu ya mphepo ziyenera kukhala mu gawo lomwelo monga ndodo yokha.Kodi Wowunikirayo Adzayang'ana Chiyani Kwenikweni Pakuvomereza Kapangidwe?
Ndemanga zovomerezeka zimasiyana malinga ndi msika, koma patatha zaka 12 ndikuthandizira kutumiza, nditha kulosera mafunso anayi molimba mtima. Choyamba:Kodi chitetezo chili pamlingo uti, ndipo kodi kuwunika zoopsa komwe kumatsimikizira izi kuli kuti?Chachiwiri:njira iti yoikira, ndipo kodi chithunzicho chikuwonetsa kapangidwe ka mpira kapena ngodya?Chachitatu:ndi mitundu ya zigawo zomwe zayesedwa— seti ya satifiketi ya IEC 62561 —kapena kungofotokozedwa chabe?Chachinayi:Kodi unyolo womaliza umafika pamlingo wovomerezeka?Muzofotokozera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi North America, mafunso anayi omwewo amafika atavalaNFPA 780mawu m'malo mwa mawu a IEC; nkhani ya uinjiniya ndi yomweyi.
Ndimasunga mwayi wokhazikika wa mabungwe opanga mapulani: nditumizireni pulani ya denga ndi mulingo wotetezera, ndipo ndimabwezera kapangidwe ka malo oimikapo magalimoto komwe kakuwonetsa masamu a malo - masamu omwewo omwe ali mu chothandizira pamwambapa. Timaphunzitsa kale eni nyumba zoyambira mu kufotokozera kwathu pamomwe zingwe za mphezi zimatetezera nyumbaNkhaniyi ndi yokhudza akatswiri pankhani imeneyi, ndipo masamu atsala. Pa nkhani ya nsanja zomwe zikuganizira za malo otulutsira mpweya m'malo mwa ndodo zachikhalidwe, kuyerekezera kwanga ndiESE ndi Franklin chitetezo cha radius, mtengo ndi kutsatira malamulochimaphimba foloko ya chisankhocho, ndipo zonse zili m'manja mwathugulu la ndodo ya mphezi.
Banja la malo opumulira ndege omwe mlangizi amasankha: ndodo zamkuwa zokhala ndi singano imodzi, malo opumulira okhala ndi nsonga zambiri ndi mitu ya ESE — iliyonse ili ndi kalasi ya polojekiti yotetezedwa.Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri
Kodi ndingaphatikize njira zozungulira ndi zotetezera pa chithunzi chimodzi?
Ndikulangiza kuti musachite zimenezo. Njira iliyonse ndi yofanana mkati, koma kusakaniza kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti zonena za coverage zisatheke kuziwunikanso. Sankhani rolling sphere ngati njira ya projekiti, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito chiwerengero cha madigiri 65 okha ngati njira yowunikira bwino pa annexes zochepa.
Kodi malo okwera mpweya okwera nthawi zonse amakhala abwino kwambiri padenga lalitali?
Ayi. Pa denga, mawonekedwe a bwalo la denga amatanthauza kuti ndodo ya 0.75 m imaphimba kale radius yothandiza; kutalika kumawonjezera kuphimba pang'ono ndipo kumawonjezera mphamvu ya mphepo ndi mawonekedwe. Kutalika kumasunga malo ake pamwamba pa zomera ndi ngodya, osati ngati chokongoletsera cha bulangeti.
Kodi ndi liti pamene malo okwera kwambiri amalungamitsa malo opumulirako a ESE m'malo mwa ndodo zachikhalidwe?
Ngati denga lili lalikulu poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa ma sts omwe kapangidwe kake kamalola, kapena ngati kasitomala akufuna mutu umodzi wophimba podium-plus-tower massing. Ma ESE heads amawerengera radius ndi NF C 17-102 formula ndi njira yoyesera yoyambira; ndodo zachikhalidwe ndizosavuta, zotsika mtengo pa mfundo iliyonse ndipo sizifuna zamagetsi. Zonsezi ndi zotetezeka - foloko ndi yokhudza geometry ndi chilakolako chosamalira, osati mafashoni.
Kodi malo opumira mpweya a mkuwa amafunika nthaka yapadera, kapena kodi angagwire ntchito limodzi ndi nthaka yomangira?
Kugawa nthaka yolumikizidwa ndi mphezi ndiye yankho lolondola mu IEC 62305 ndi NFPA 780 — kutha kwa nthaka yoteteza mphezi kumalumikizana ndi makina oyendetsera nyumbayo. "Dziko la mphezi" losiyana, lokhalokha limapanga kusiyana komwe kungawononge zida panthawi ya kugunda.
Kodi ndiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mainchesi angati ngati mainjiniya wa zomangamanga sakukonda?
Chitsulo cha mkuwa choyera kapena chopangidwa ndi mkuwa cha 14 mm ndicho chomwe ndimalimbikitsa kwambiri pa ntchito yayitali: cholimba mokwanira kutalika kwa 0.75 m popanda mphepo padenga, gawo lotseguka la mafunde, komanso kukula koyenera kopangira osati kwapadera. Tsitsani mpaka 12 mm pokhapokha ngati pali zolumikizira zochepa zotetezedwa.
Kodi denga la nsanja liyenera kukhala ndi ma terminal angati?
Thamangitsani chothandizira pamwamba pa denga lililonse ndi malo obzala - chiwerengero cha oyamba nthawi zambiri chimakhala mkati mwa magawo khumi kuchokera pa kapangidwe komaliza. Makona ndi chomera chapamwamba nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi malo ofikira mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwa malo omwe masamu amalola, ndipo woyendetsa maukonde amadzaza mpanda pakati pawo.
Tumizani Dongosolo la Denga. Pezani Kapangidwe ka Terminal Kokhala ndi Chizindikiro.
Kutalika kwa nyumba, pulani ya denga ndi mulingo woteteza cholinga — ndizo zonse zomwe ndikufunikira. Mkati mwa masiku awiri ogwira ntchito mumalandira kapangidwe ka malo okhala ndi masamu ozungulira omwe akuwonetsedwa, mzere wazinthu wokonzeka kufotokozedwa, ndi maumboni a satifiketi yoyeserera ya IEC 62561 omwe ndemanga yanu idzafunsa.
Ndakhala zaka 12 ndikugwira ntchito yoteteza mphezi ndi kuletsa malonda akunja, zambiri mwa izo ndikulankhula pafoni ndi alangizi a MEP ndi mabungwe opanga mapulani panthawi yomwe mzere wa ndege ukulembedwa kuti ukhale wofunikira. Desiki yojambulira ndi komwe chitetezo chabwino cha mphezi chimapezedwa kapena kutayika, ndipo ndi zokambirana zomwe ndimakonda kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-22-2026