Buku lotsogolera mbali yokhazikitsa kwa kontrakitala pazida: mawonekedwe a backfill omwe amatsimikiza magwiridwe antchito a pad kwa nthawi yayitali, zikalata zisanu ndi chimodzi za ogulitsa zomwe muyenera kufunsa musanatulutse, mndandanda wa malo omwe amagwirira ntchito poyambitsa, ndi zikalata zomwe zimakutetezani pa chitsimikizo.
TL;DR — Mndandanda wa zinthu zomwe kontrakitala wakhazikitsa asanakhazikitse
- Chosungiramo zinthu kumbuyo chimagwira ntchito zamagetsi, osati ndodo.Chotsukira cha mankhwala chopangidwa ndi chitsulo ndi chotsukira cha mkuwa mkati mwa hygroscopic backfill column. Chotsukiracho ndi chomwe chimathandiza kuti pad isagwedezeke bwino panthawi ya chinyezi.
- Funsani zikalata zisanu ndi chimodzi musanatulutse katundu.Lipoti la mayeso a mtundu (kuchepetsa kukana, kukhazikika kwa ayoni pa 60 °C / masiku 30, kusunga chinyezi, kutsatira ESIA), chiganizo cha IEC 62561-7, chiphaso cha NEMA GR-1, chiganizo cha cholumikizira cha IEEE 837, manambala a malo, chitsogozo chokhazikitsa m'chilankhulo cha gulu lokhazikitsa.
- M'mimba mwake wa Auger ndiye chosinthika chachikulu kwambiri cha mbali yoyika.Pa kutumiza kwa ShiBang's ME 2020-2025, ma electrode oyamba 200 okhala ndi auger ya 75 mm amawerenga avareji ya 5.8 Ω motsutsana ndi cholinga cha 5 Ω; 4,000 otsala okhala ndi auger ya 100 mm amawerenga avareji ya 3.1 Ω. 0.4 Ω delta, kuchokera kwa kontrakitala yekha.
- Lembani zonse zomwe mungafune pa chitsimikizo cha chaka chachitatu.Zolemba za ogulitsa, zojambula zomwe zamangidwa ndi malo a ma electrode ndi manambala a malo, zithunzi za sitepe yokhazikitsira, kuwerengera komwe kungachitike poyambitsa ntchito. Wopanga nyumba amene amapereka kuwerenga kwa pad kokha alibe chitetezo.
Chimango chomwe ndikufuna kuyikapo nkhaniyi ndi chitsimikizo cha kontrakitala. Pamene electrode ya mankhwala yophwanyika idutsa zenera la touch-voltage m'chaka chachitatu kapena chachinayi - ndipo ikatero, pamalo omwe kuyika kunali kosakhazikika - EPC ndi mwiniwake wa polojekiti amatsatira kulephera kudzera mu unyolo wa chitsimikizo. Kontrakitala amene anaika electrode ndiye amene angalandire ndalama zokonzanso, chifukwa chitsimikizo cha wogulitsa nthawi zambiri sichimaphatikizapo luso la woyika ndipo mbiri ya woyikayo ndiye chikalata chokhacho chomwe chimatsimikizira kuti kukhazikitsako kukugwirizana ndi zomwe zanenedwa. Kontrakitala amene amapereka kokha kuwerenga kwa commissioning pad - popanda phukusi la zikalata za wogulitsa, zojambula zomwe zamangidwa, zithunzi zoyika, ndi manambala a batch omwe angathe kutsatiridwa - alibe chitetezo ngati kuyesanso kwa chaka chachitatu kubwereranso pamwamba pa cholinga.
Nkhaniyi ndi yofanana ndi zolemba zomwe zimateteza kontrakitala. Yalembedwa kwa wokhazikitsa wamkulu ndi woyang'anira malo, osati kwa mainjiniya ogula zinthu a EPC. Nkhaniyi ndi ndondomeko yokhazikitsa kuyambira nthawi yomwe zipangizozo zafika pamalopo kudzera mu mayeso oyambira pakuyambitsa ntchito - ndipo pa sitepe iliyonse, zomwe kontrakitala ayenera kufunsa, kulemba ndi kusunga.
1. Zimene Backfill Imachita (ndi Chifukwa Chake Imakhala Yofunika Kwambiri Kuposa Ndodo)
Akatswiri ambiri omwe amaika electrode yophwanyika ndi mankhwala kwa nthawi yoyamba amaganiza kuti ndi "ndodo yophimbidwa ndi mkuwa yokhala ndi ufa wotuwa." Chimango chimenecho sichili bwino paukadaulo. Pakati pa electrode yophimbidwa ndi mkuwa ndi kondakitala; chophimbira kumbuyo ndi cholumikizira chamagetsi. Mu electrode yophwanyika ndi mankhwala yodziwika bwino, cholumikizira cha ndodo ndi nthaka chimagwira ntchito ngati dothi la pafupifupi 200 mpaka 400 Ω·cm mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwa nthaka - chifukwa chophimbira kumbuyo chimasunga chinyezi pamwamba pa ndodo ndipo pang'onopang'ono chimatulutsa zinthu za ayoni m'nthaka yomweyo. Popanda chophimbira kumbuyo, ndodoyo ndi waya mumchenga wokhudza mpweya.
Dothi lozungulira ndi dothi lotupa (nthawi zambiri limakhala bentonite, nthawi zina dothi lofanana ndi la mchere) lophatikizidwa ndi mchere wa electrolyte (nthawi zambiri magnesium sulfate, sodium chloride - chloride imaukira mitima yokhala ndi mkuwa ngakhale mkati mwa chidebe cha mkuwa) komanso chowonjezera chosungira chinyezi. Muyezo wa IEC 62561-7 ndi njira yoyesera yomwe imafotokoza tanthauzo la "kutchulidwa molondola" m'manambala oyesedwa:
| Malo osungiramo zinthu zakale | Zimene zimalamulira muutumiki | Malire olandirira (paIEC 62561-7) |
|---|---|---|
| Chochepetsa kukana kwa chinyezi | Chiŵerengero cha nthaka ndi dothi lalikulu pa nthawi yogwira ntchito | Kuchepetsa kwa ≥ 10:1 pa chinyezi chodziwika cha wogulitsa |
| Kukhazikika kwa ionic kwa nthawi yayitali pa 60 °C / masiku 30 | Kaya mankhwalawo amapulumuka nyengo yoyamba yamvula | Kuchepetsa kukana kwa ≥ 80% kwasungidwa |
| Kusunga chinyezi mkati mwa masiku 90 kuti chiume | Kaya mankhwalawo amapulumuka nyengo yoyamba yachilimwe | ≥ 60% chinyezi chimasungidwa pa 35 °C / 30% RH |
| Kutsatira malamulo okhudza chilengedwe pa gawo la ESIA | Kaya chemistry imayambitsa mbendera ya nthaka popereka | Pansi pa malire a leachate yachitsulo yolamulidwa (TCLP-equivalent) |
2. Zikalata Zisanu ndi Chimodzi Zimene Kontrakitala Ayenera Kufunsa Asanatsitse Zinthu
Katunduyo asanatuluke mgalimoto, kontrakitala amakhala ndi zikalata zisanu ndi chimodzi m'manja mwake. Chinthu chilichonse chomwe chikusowa ndi kubwezeredwa kapena kubwezeredwa ndalama; tsiku lomwe kontrakitala amathera kufuna zikalatazo ku ofesi limakhala lotsika mtengo kuposa tsiku lomwe kontrakitala amathera kukonzanso kukhazikitsa kwake pambuyo pake.
| Chikalata | Chifukwa chake kontrakitala akufunikira izi | Kumene kumawonekera mu fayilo ya chitsimikizo |
|---|---|---|
| (1) Lipoti la mayeso a mitundu inayi ya katundu | Zimatsimikizira kuti chemistry ikugwirizanaIEC 62561-7; chikalata chokhacho chomwe chimateteza kontrakitala pamene pedi ikugwa chaka chachitatu | Fayilo ya chitsimikizo, tsamba 1 |
| (2) Chikalata chogwirizana ndi IEC 62561-7 | Kutchula njira yoyesera pogwiritsa ntchito mzere umodzi; kufufuzidwa molingana ndi lipoti la mayeso a mtundu | Fayilo ya chitsimikizo, tsamba 2 |
| (3)NEMA GR-1satifiketi yofanana | Imatsimikizira kukula kwa ± 0.1 mm kwa makulidwe wamba a mkuwa ≥254 µm, kulunjika ≤1 mm pa 300 mm | Fayilo ya chitsimikizo, tsamba 3 |
| (4)IEEE 837mawu ogwirizana ndi cholumikizira | Imatsimikizira kuti mtundu wa cholumikizira ukugwirizana ndi katundu wa impulse-current; ma clamp amakina saloledwa | Fayilo ya chitsimikizo, tsamba 4 |
| (5) Manambala a batch omwe angathe kutsatiridwa ndi Lot | Ndodo iliyonse ndi thumba lililonse losungiramo zinthu zakale lili ndi nambala ya batch; ichi ndi chomwe chitsimikizo cha chitsimikizo chimafunikira | Fayilo ya chitsimikizo, tsamba 5 (ndipo yasindikizidwa pa ndodo iliyonse yomwe yamangidwa) |
| (6) Buku lotsogolera kukhazikitsa m'chilankhulo cha gulu lokhazikitsa | M'mimba mwake wa Auger, kuchuluka kwa zodzaza m'mbuyo pa dzenje lililonse, mawonekedwe a dzenje loyang'anira — zonse zimatchulidwa ngati manambala, osati ma adjective | Fayilo ya chitsimikizo, tsamba 6 |
Kumbali ya ogulitsa, phukusi la zikalata silosankha — ndi lomwe limasiyanitsa wogulitsa ma elekitirodi odalirika ochokera ku mankhwala ochokera ku kampani yogulitsa ndodo ndi clamp. ShiBang imatumiza phukusi la zikalata zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi chilichonseelectrode ya mankhwalakutumiza, ndikutulutsanso lipoti la mtundu wa zinthu pa gulu lililonse. Chochitika cha 2022 cha ogulitsa ndi gulu la zinthu mu fakitale yathu — zitsanzo 12 mwa 38 zomwe zidalephera kutentha kwa 60 °C / masiku 30 a ionic-stability test pa 65% retention, pansi pa 80% limited — zidapezeka mu kotala lachitatu lisanatumizidwe. Kontrakitala amene walandira lipoti la mtundu wa zinthu ndikuwona nambala ya batch yomwe ili pamenepo ndiye amene ali ndi njira yowunikira.
3. Gawo la Auger-Diameter — Chosinthira Chachikulu Kwambiri Chokhazikitsa
Pa zinthu zomwe kontrakitala amalamulira pa kukhazikitsa kwa ma electrode a mankhwala, m'mimba mwake wa auger ndiye waukulu kwambiri. Kutumiza kwa ShiBang's ME 2020-2025 kuli ndi deta yoyika nambala. Pa ma electrode 200 oyamba a kutumiza ma electrode 4,200 kupita ku malo aku Saudi, mainjiniya wa malo a EPC adagwiritsa ntchito auger ya 75 mm - auger yomweyi yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito pa projekiti yapitayi yoyendetsedwa ndi ndodo. Kuwerengedwa kwa malo kunabwerera pa avareji ya 5.8 Ω motsutsana ndi cholinga cha 5 Ω. Tinasamukira ku auger ya 100 mm ya ma electrode 4,000 otsala ndipo avareji inatsika kufika pa 3.1 Ω. Kusiyana kwa 0.4 Ω ndiye chinthu chachikulu kwambiri chokhazikitsa mbali imodzi pa kukhazikitsa kwa ma electrode a mankhwala - ndipo ndi chinthu chomwe kontrakitala amalamulira, osati fakitale.
| M'mimba mwake wa ndodo | M'mimba mwake wocheperako wa auger | Chifukwa chiyani |
|---|---|---|
| Chimake chamkati chokhala ndi mkuwa cha 17.2 mm | 100 mm | Pansi pa 100 mm, annulus ya backfill siimanyowa bwino. |
| Chimake cha mkuwa cha 25.4 mm (kapenandodo ya nthaka ya electrolytic ion) | 150 mm | Maonekedwe olemera okhala ndi mkuwa amafunika annulus yayikulu kuti ikhale mzati wodzaza. |
| Gawo la pansi(kukhazikitsa kopingasa) | Dzenje lofukulidwa pa kuya koyenera, gawo loyikidwa, lodzaza ndi madzi komanso lochepa | Kukhazikitsa mopingasa — palibe auger; kukula kwa dzenje pa chitsogozo chilichonse chokhazikitsa cha ogulitsa. |
4. Ndondomeko Yokhazikitsa Yomwe Imagwira Ntchito Pakuyambitsa Ntchito
Ndondomeko yokhazikitsa yomwe ili pansipa ndi yomwe gulu lothandizira kutumiza kunja la ShiBang limayendetsa woyang'anira malo pa kutumiza kulikonse kwa ME, Africa ndi SEA. Ndi ndondomeko yomweyi pa electrode ya 17.2 mm ya mankhwala, pa ndodo ya 25.4 mm ya electrolytic ion, komanso pa module ya graphite ground. Ndondomekoyi imalembedwa pa pit iliyonse pa chojambula chomwe chapangidwa, ndipo zithunzi zomwe zatengedwa pa sitepe iliyonse zimayikidwa mu phukusi la chitsimikizo.
- Kwezani dzenjelo mpaka mulifupi woyenera.Gwiritsani ntchito chowumitsira choyimirira pa mulingo wofotokozedwa ndi wogulitsa. Chowumitsiracho chikhale chakuya kokwanira komanso chowonjezera cha 50 mpaka 100 mm pansi pa dzenje loyang'anira. Pewani kuyika m'madzi oima - nthawi youma ya masiku 14 musanayike ndiye lamulo lofunika kwambiri pamalo ouma.
- Ikani ndodo ndi chosungira kumbuyo mu ntchito imodzi.Ikani ndodoyo m'dzenje lokhala ndi auged. Dzazani annulus ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi wopanga musanatseke dzenje loyang'anira. Musasakanize backfill ndi dothi lachilengedwe. Musadzaze pang'ono ndikubwerera tsiku lotsatira. Musalole dzenjelo kukhala lotseguka usiku wonse. Chilichonse mwa izi chimapanga mpata wa annular kapena mzere wa backfill wodetsedwa ndi dothi womwe kuwerenga kwa munda kudzawonetsa nthawi yomweyo ndipo kuyesanso kwa chaka chachitatu kudzatsimikizira.
- Lumikizanani ndiIEEE 837- cholumikizira cholembedwa.Cholumikizira cholumikizidwa ndi exothermic kapena cholumikizira cha mtundu wa compression, osati cholumikizira cha makina. Zolumikizira zamakina zimalephera mayeso a impulse-current mu IEC 62561-1 ndipo ndi njira yodziwika kwambiri yolephera koyamba mukamenyedwa ndi mphezi. Lembani mtundu wa cholumikizira, nambala ya lot, ndi torque pa chojambula chomwe chapangidwa.
- Tsimikizirani ndi mayeso olephera (malinga ndi banja la njira ya IEEE 81).Lembani kukana, kutentha kwa nthaka, ndi kuwerenga chinyezi. Fotokozani dzenje loyendera, kulumikizana komwe kwamangidwa, ndi malo omwe angagwere. Zikalata zinayi pamodzi — lipoti loyesa mtundu, zojambula zomwe zamangidwa, zithunzi zoyikika, kuwerenga komwe kungagwere — ndi fayilo yodzitetezera ya chitsimikizo.
5. Chochita Ngati Kuwerenga Koyamba Kuli Koipa
Kuwerenga molakwika kwa ntchito sikofala. Chifukwa chofala kwambiri si mankhwala kapena ndodo - koma ndi kukhazikitsa. Wokonza ayenera kufufuza katatu asanasinthe chilichonse.
- Tsimikizirani malo omwe angagwere pofufuza.Chofufuzira chomwe chili pafupi kwambiri ndi electrode chimawerengera mochepa kukana kwake; chofufuzira chomwe chili kutali kwambiri chimawerengera mopitirira muyeso. Geometry yolondola ndi lamulo la 61.8% (chofufuzira chomwe chili pa mtunda wa 0.618 kuposa mtunda wa electrode-to-axiliary).
- Yesaninso ndi chida china.Kulakwitsa kwa chida n'kofala kwambiri kuposa cholakwika cha wogwiritsa ntchito. Chida china chomwe chili pa electrode yomweyo chidzathetsa ma phone ambiri akuti "kuwerenga kukuwoneka kolakwika" mkati mwa mphindi khumi.
- Yang'anani dzenje loyang'anira kuti muwone ngati pali madzi oima.Dzenje losefukira madzi limawoneka ngati lopanda kuponderezedwa kwambiri pa mita koma limawerenga kuti silingathe kupirira madzi akauma. Kuwerengera komwe mukuyeza si kuchuluka komwe EPC idzayesa poyesanso.
Ngati macheke onse atatu apambana ndipo kuwerenga kukadali pamwamba pa cholinga, njira zowongolera ndi izi:
- Ma electrode owirikiza kawiri a Delta-pattern— onjezani ndodo imodzi m'dzenje lomwelo, mamita awiri kuchokera pa yoyambirira, yolumikizidwa ndi exothermically kupita ku conductor yoyambirira. Kukana kwa ma pad kogwira ntchito kumatsika ndi pafupifupi 40%.
- Gawo loyambira pansi motsatizana— Ikani gawo la graphite la kolamu m'dzenje lopingasa pafupi ndi elekitirodi yoyambirira. Kukana kwabwino kwa mapedi kumatsika ndi 30 mpaka 50% kutengera kukula kwa gawo ndi gulu la nthaka.
- Ma electrode ena pa 3 × kuya koyambirira— kokha pamene mawonekedwe a nthaka amalola (palibe caliche pamalo ozama kwambiri). Mayeso olimbana ndi mapedi ogwira ntchito okhala ndi kuya, koma kuyika kumawononga ndalama mwachangu.
Zosankha zonse zitatuzi zimafuna kusinthidwa kwa kuwerengera komwe kungatheke kuti ntchitoyo ichitike isanathe. Wopanga nyumba amene ayamba kudzaza nyumbayo kenako n’kuwerenga pambuyo pake alibe chikalata chotsimikizira ngati ntchitoyo yalephera.
6. Kutseka — Kumene Kukhazikitsa Zolemba Kumapita
Fayilo yoteteza chitsimikizo cha kontrakitala ili ndi magawo anayi: (1) phukusi la zikalata za ogulitsa (zikalata zisanu ndi chimodzi); (2) chithunzi chojambulidwa chomwe chili ndi malo a ma electrode, mainchesi a auger, kuchuluka kwa zodzaza, mitundu ya zolumikizira, manambala a malo ndi mphamvu ya torque; (3) zithunzi zoyika (dzenje lopindidwa, ndodo mu dzenje, kuthira zodzaza, dzenje loyang'anira lotsekedwa, kulumikizana komalizidwa); (4) kuwerengera komwe kungachitike pakuyambitsa ndi kutentha kwa nthaka ndi chinyezi. Magawo anayi pamodzi ndi omwe kontrakitala amapereka kwa EPC ndi mwiniwake wa polojekitiyo kumapeto kwa polojekiti.
Mbali ya wogulitsa pa mgwirizanowu ndi udindo wa wopanga. ShiBang imatumiza phukusi la zikalata zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi chilichonseelectrode ya mankhwalakutumiza ndikuperekanso lipoti loyesa mtundu pa gulu lililonse. Buku lowongolera kuyika lili mu Chingerezi, Chifalansa, Chijeremani, Chisipanishi, Chirasha, Chiarabu ndi Chijapani — zilankhulo za ogwira ntchito okhazikitsa m'misika yotumiza kunja komwe kusiyana kwa zikalata ndiko kwakukulu. Pa paketi yachitsanzo yokhala ndi phukusi la zikalata zisanu ndi chimodzi lolumikizidwa kale, njira yachangu kwambiri nditsamba lolumikizana nafeZitsanzo za kutumiza kwa mapulojekiti a PV ofunikira kwambiri ku ME, Africa ndi SEA zimachoka mufakitale mkati mwa sabata lomwelo, ndipo mayankho aukadaulo amaperekedwa mkati mwa tsiku limodzi logwira ntchito.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-01-2026