Pa ntchito zambiri zogwiritsa ntchito pansi, conductor ya 40% IACS copper clad steel (CCS) ndiyo chisankho choyenera, ndipo conductor yolimba ndiyo chisankho choyenera pokhapokha ngati mphamvu ya fault-current kapena dothi likufunadi. Ndikunena izi patatha zaka khumi ndi ziwiri titatumiza zinthu zonse ziwiri kuchokera ku fakitale yathu ya Xinchang: waya wa 40% IACS CCS umapereka pafupifupi 40% ya conductivity ya conductivity ya annealed copper pawiri kapena kanayi mphamvu ya tensile, wosanjikiza wa copper wa 0.25 mm womwe timapanga umasunga kuti ukhale ndi moyo woposa zaka 50, komanso mtengo wotsika kwambiri moti akuba amanyalanyaza. Copper yolimba ya 99.97% imapambanabe pa conductivity yaiwisi - 90% mpaka 99.9% IACS motsutsana ndi CCS yathu ya 15% mpaka 40% IACS - kotero pamene kuwerengera kwanu kwa fault-current ya IEEE 80 sikusiya malire, copper ndiye yankho lolondola. Nkhani yonseyi ikufotokoza mbali zisanu zomwe ndimakumana nazo ndi woyang'anira aliyense wogula zinthu zomwe zimafunika kuperekedwa kwa ine amene amandifunsa funso la CCS-kapena-copper, ndi manambala enieni ochokera ku malipoti athu oyesera mafakitale m'malo mwa zomwe timanena m'mabrochure.

Chizindikiro cha 40% cha IACS: Nchifukwa Chiyani Chimaonekerabe mu Mafotokozedwe a Utility?

IACS imayimira International Annealed Copper Standard, mgwirizano wa 1913 womwe unakhazikitsa mphamvu yoyendetsera magetsi ya mkuwa wogulitsidwa ngati 100% ndipo unaupatsa mphamvu yolimbana ndi 0.017241 Ω·mm²/m pa 20°C. Mphamvu iliyonse yoyendetsera magetsi m'nkhaniyi — ndi mphamvu iliyonse yomwe ili pa satifiketi yathu ya mphero — ndi gawo la muyezo umenewo. Pamene mfundo ikufuna "waya wa IACS wa 40%," ikupempha kondakitala yomwe mphamvu yake yolimbana ndi 0.017241 yogawidwa ndi 0.40, zomwe zimagwira ntchito pafupifupi 0.0431 Ω·mm²/m. Ndapeza kuti ogula akangowona gawo limodzi limenelo, mkangano wonse wa CCS-versus-copper umakhala masamu m'malo mwa malonda.

Chifukwa chiyani 40% osati 30% kapena 21%? Mu zomwe takumana nazo potumiza kunja, giredi ya 40% inakhala yofunikira kwambiri pazifukwa zomveka: ndi kalasi yapamwamba kwambiri yoyendetsera zinthu yomwe chitsulo chophimbidwa ndi mkuwa chimafikira mu giredi yokhazikika yokokedwa ndiASTM B227(Giredi 40 HS ndi Giredi 40 EHS) ndi zomangamanga zomangika zaASTM B228Mukakankhira pamwamba pa 40%, mukupempha kuti mupange chophimba cha mkuwa chokhuthala kuposa chomwe chimapangidwa ndi banja la zinthu zokokedwa zolimba, ndipo kusiyana kwa mitengo motsutsana ndi mkuwa wolimba kumachepa mwachangu.Popeza makulidwe a cladding amachititsa kuti mtengo wa zinthuzo ukhale wotsika, kondakitala wa CCS woposa 40% wa IACS amasiya kukhala njira ina yotsika mtengo m'malo mwa mkuwa wolimba.Ndikuuza magulu ogula kuti aone 40% ya IACS ngati malire a CCS yotsika mtengo, ndikuwona chilichonse choposa pamenepo ngati chizindikiro choti angogula mkuwa wolimba m'malo mwake.

Waya wachitsulo wokutidwa ndi mkuwa pa malo athu opangira Xinchang, wodzazidwa ndi mpukutu wa mapulojekiti ogwiritsira ntchito pansi — magulu oyendetsera magetsi kuyambira 15% mpaka 40% IACS pamzere womwewo.

Kuyendetsa kwa Chitsulo Chokhala ndi Mkuwa mu Ma Gridi Okhazikika: Kodi Mumataya Ndalama Zingati?

Papepala, kusiyana kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumawoneka koopsa: ma waya athu amkuwa oyera amayesa pa 90%–99.9% IACS yokhala ndi resistivity yochepera 0.017241 Ω·mm²/m, pomwe CCS yathu imakhala ndi 15%–40% IACS. Komabe, mu gridi yoyambira, nambala yofunika si mphamvu yamagetsi yokha - ndi ngati kondakitala ikupulumuka vuto lomwe kafukufuku wanu wapereka. IEEE 80, muyezo womwe mautumiki ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito popanga gridi ya substation (IEEE Std 80), imapanga kukula kwa ma conductors pophatikiza mphamvu yamagetsi ndi nthawi yake, osati ndi resistivity yokha. Tikayendetsa 40 kA yomweyo, vuto la masekondi 0.5 kudzera mu ma formula okhazikika ophatikiza, conductor wa 40% IACS CCS amafunikira pafupifupi nthawi 2.5 kuposa gawo la mkuwa kuti afike pamlingo womwewo wa kutentha - ndicho chinthu cholondola chosinthira, ndipo ndimalemba m'mawu onse omwe timatulutsa.

Chida cha 2.5× chimenecho chikumveka ngati chosokoneza mpaka mutagula mtengo wonse. CCS yokhala ndi mainchesi akuluakulu imagwiritsabe ntchito mkuwa wochepa kwambiri polemera,Popeza chitsulo chapakati chimanyamula katundu wamakina, chimafunika wosanjikiza wamkuwa wa 0.25 mm kuti chigwire ntchito yoyendetsa magetsi.— ndipo pa ma frequency a 60 Hz, mphamvu yamagetsi imakwera pamwamba, komwe kuli mkuwa. Gulu lathu la mainjiniya lawonetsa ogula angapo mkangano uwu wokhudza zotsatira za khungu ndi zojambula zenizeni; akangoona kuti njira yamagetsi ndi mkuwa zili mu mphete yakunja yomweyo, nthawi zambiri kukana kwa conductivity kumachepa.

Pamene sindikulimbikitsa CCS ndi zosiyana kwambiri: malo ocheperako okhala m'mizinda omwe ali ndi kukula kwa ngalande ndi kuya kwa ndodo zoyendetsera magetsi zimakonzedwa ndipo kafukufuku wa zolakwika sapereka mpata wokweza kondakitala. Mu mapulojekiti amenewo timagwiritsa ntchito waya wathu wa mkuwa wa 99.97% popanda kupepesa,chifukwaPalibe phindu lililonse la makina lomwe lingakwaniritse gawo lomwe simungathe kukwanira. Wogulitsa amene akukakamiza CCS kuti alowe mumkhalidwe umenewo akugulitsa motsutsana ndi kafukufuku wanu wa zolakwika, ndipo ine ndikanakonda kutaya odayo kusiyana ndi kukhala ndi gridi yotsika mu chaka chachitatu.

CCS yolumikizidwa pansi pa kukula: monofilament iliyonse (1.4–3.2 mm) ndi chitsulo cholumikizidwa ndi chitsulo ku wosanjikiza wamkuwa wa 0.25 mm - kapangidwe kake kamene kali kumbuyo kwa 40% IACS rating.

CCS kapena Solid Copper: Miyeso Isanu Yomwe Imasankha Woyendetsa Wopambana Zomwe Mukufuna

Wogula zinthu akamanditumizira RFQ yomwe imati “CCS kapena mkuwa — chonde ndilangizeni,” sindimayankha ndi deta. Ndimayankha ndi kufananiza kwa mizere isanu pansipa,chifukwaM'zaka khumi ndi ziwiri zomwe talamula kutumiza kunja, chisankhochi chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chimodzi mwa zinthu zisanu izi: mphamvu yamagetsi, mphamvu ya makina, nthawi yowononga, kuba, ndi kuphimba miyezo. Zina zonse ndi phokoso. Ziwerengerozi zimachokera ku zolemba zathu zopangira ndi malipoti oyesera mafakitale, osati kuchokera ku avareji yamakampani.

Mizere iwiri ya tebulo limenelo iyenera kuwonedwanso kachiwiri,chifukwaNdiwo omwe ogula nthawi zambiri amawabwezera mmbuyo. Choyamba, mphamvu yokoka si yabwino kukhala nayo: pa chobowola chachitali chopingasa kapena waya wozungulira pamwamba, chowongolera chofewa cha mkuwa chimatha kutambasula ndikutsika khosi panthawi yoyika, ndipo gawo lokhala ndi khosi limakhala malo otentha mu gridi yanu. Chingwe chathu cha CCS pa 560–1040 MPa chimanyalanyaza zokoka zomwe zingawononge mkuwa wopindidwa kwamuyaya, ndichifukwa chake ogwira ntchito omwe adayika onsewa amakonda kutchula CCS kachiwiri. Chachiwiri, mzere wozungulira dzimbiri: funso lomwe ndimamva kwambiri ndilakuti ngati wosanjikiza wamkuwa wa 0.25 mm umapulumuka pansi pa nthaka, ndipo yankho lathu ndi mbiri ya moyo wa maziko omwe adayikidwa - cladding yolumikizidwa si platting, ndipo siimang'ambika kapena kutsekeka monga momwe electroplated coating yopyapyala ingachitire.

Kufufuza Zoona Zamakina: Kodi Mkuwa Wolimba Ungathe Kupulumuka Kukakokedwa?

Nayi njira yolephera yomwe simawonekera m'matchati a conductivity. Zaka zingapo zapitazo kontrakitala wina adatilankhula pambuyo poti waya wothira mkuwa wochokera ku gwero lina wawonongeka kwambiri panthawi yokhazikitsa pulawo kwa nthawi yayitali; ogwira ntchito adangozindikira kuwonongekako pomwe mawerengedwe a kukana kwa gridi adabweranso mosasinthasintha panthawi yoyendetsa. Kukonza kunali kufukula ndikusintha magawo onse. Ndikugawana nkhaniyi ndi wogula aliyense amene amaona mphamvu yolimba ngati chinthu chachiwiri,chifukwaKondakitala yotsika mtengo kwambiri pa mita imodzi imakhala yokwera mtengo kwambiri pa kilomita imodzi yoyikidwa nthawi yomwe gulu liyenera kuyikoka kawiri.

Ndi CCS, fizikisi imayenda mwanjira ina. Chitsulo chapakati chimanyamula katundu woyika - chingwe chathu chimayesa pakati pa 560 ndi 1040 MPa kutengera mtundu - ndipo chophimba cha mkuwa chimangogwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa. Tikupangira zomangamanga za zingwe 7 zogwirira ntchito pa gridi ndi zingwe 19 kapena 37 pomwe kuthamanga kumaphatikizapo kupindika, kuzunguliza, kapena kukoka maso,chifukwaMa monofilaments opyapyala amapindika mozungulira radius yaying'ono popanda kulimbitsa wosanjikiza wa mkuwa. Ichi ndichifukwa chakenso kuchuluka kwa CCS yathu yolumikizidwa kumafikira 4.2 mm mpaka 22.5 mm m'mimba mwake wonse: 40% IACS grade yomweyi imatha kugwira ntchito ngati kukulunga kwa pole butt wrap kapena grid yayikulu ya transmission substation pongosintha kuchuluka kwa strand.

Tsamba lofotokozera zotsatira ndi zojambula lomwe gulu lathu la QC limapereka ndi maoda a CCS — kukula kwake, kapangidwe ka chingwe ndi miyeso yomangika yotsimikizika pa gawo lililonse lopanga.

Kuwerengera kwa Kuba, Zinyalala, ndi Chitetezo: Kodi Mtengo Wogulitsanso wa Copper Umakukhudzani?

Ogula magetsi nthawi zambiri saika kuba patebulo loyerekeza la kondakitala, koma madipatimenti awo okonza zinthu amakhala ndi izi. Kuyika mkuwa wolimba ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'misika yambiri yomwe timatumizako, ndipo malo otchingira mpanda kapena malo otchingira counterpoise omwe akuba si kutayika kwa zinthu zokha - ndi chitetezo mpaka gridiyo itabwezeretsedwa. Ndakhala ndi makasitomala ogawa zinthu akutiuza kuti bajeti yawo ya pachaka yosinthira mkuwa idapitilira mtengo woyambirira wa gridiyo, chomwe ndi chiganizo chosamveka bwino choti tilembe, ndipo ndicho chifukwa chachikulu chomwe ambiri mwa iwo adasunthira ku CCS.

CCS imalimbana ndi vutoli pamlingo wolimbikitsa osati pamlingo wa padlock: chingwe cha bimetallic chokhala ndi pakati pa chitsulo chilibe phindu lililonse lolekanitsa pamalo osungira zinthu zakale, kotero sichimabedwa pamlingo womwe mkuwa wolimba umabedwa.Chifukwazachuma za kugwa kwa kuba, bajeti yachitetezo nayonso ingakhale yofunika. Pa malo osungiramo zinthu zakale omwe ali mkati mwa mayadi okhala ndi mipanda komanso oyang'aniridwa, mkangano uwu suli wofunika kwenikweni, ndipo timanena choncho — koma pankhani yolimbana ndi malo olumikizirana m'misewu yotumizira magiya, malo odyetserako zinthu akumidzi, ndi nthaka ya sitima yomwe imadutsa makilomita ambiri kudutsa m'dziko lotseguka, ndimaona kuti kuba ndi nkhani yofunika kwambiri, komanso mainjiniya ambiri omwe akhala ndi nthawi yochotsa mkuwa.

Ndi Kondakitala uti amene Utility Yanu Iyenera Kutchula? Ndondomeko Yosankha Yoyesedwa M'munda

Ndikakhala pansi ndi gulu logula zinthu, sitimakambirana zinthu mwachidule — timatsatira ndondomeko yachidule yosankha zinthu, ndipo ndidzakupatsani monga momwe timachitira:

1. Yambani kaye kafukufuku wa vuto.Ngati kuwerengera kwanu kwa IEEE 80 kukukhazikitsa kukula kwa conductor, ndipo copper ndiye chinthu chokhacho chomwe chikugwirizana ndi kufunikira kwa fusing-current mkati mwa kukula kwake, tchulani copper ndipo siyani pamenepo.
2. Yang'anani njira yokhazikitsira.Kuyika ma plow-in ataliatali, ma drill owongolera, ndi ma overhead spans zimathandiza CCS pa mphamvu ya 560–1040 MPa; ma grid run afupiafupi, oyikidwa ndi manja m'maenje otseguka ndi gawo losalowerera ndale.
3. Pezani umboni wolondola wa kuba.Siteshoni yotchingidwa ndi mpanda, yoyang'aniridwa: yopanda mbali. Khonde lakumidzi, malo oimikapo matabwa, nthaka ya sitima: CCS,chifukwaKuchotsa mtengo wa zinyalala kumachotsa chiopsezo.
4. Yesani mankhwala a nthaka.Dothi lachilengedwe limagwirizana ndi zinthu zonse ziwiri ndipo limakhala ndi moyo wa zaka zoposa 50 pa CCS yathu; nthaka yokhala ndi asidi wambiri kapena mankhwala ambiri imafunika kukambirana musanatulutse chilichonse mwa zinthuzo.
5. Konzani muyezo pa PO.Pa dzina la CCS ASTM B227 la waya ndi ASTM B228 la kondakitala yolumikizidwa yokhala ndi giredi yoyendetsera magetsi (40 HS ndiye chida choyambira); pa dzina la mkuwa, kutsatira kwa IEC komwe mukufuna. Oda yogulira yomwe imati "kondakitala yoyambira" yokha imayitanitsa masewera osinthira.

Onani zomwe sizili mu ndondomekoyi: mtengo wa chinthu pa mita imodzi. Ndachisiya dala kuti chikhale chomaliza,chifukwaKondakitala wosankhidwa pa mtengo wa mita yokha ndiye amene amaneneratu zogulanso mkati mwa zaka zisanu zomwe ndaziwona mu malonda awa. Mtengo ndi woyenera kusankha, koma uyenera kusankhidwa pambuyo poti fizikisi, kukhazikitsa, ndi chitetezo chakuuzani banja la zinthu zomwe mukugula.

Pa mapulojekiti omwe amabwera ku CCS, ntchito yathuwaya wachitsulo wokutidwa ndi mkuwaChigawochi chimakwirira 15%–40% ya IACS conductivity yokhala ndi wosanjikiza wamkuwa wa 0.25 mm, mphamvu yokoka kuyambira 560 mpaka 1040 MPa, mainchesi a monofilament a 1.4–3.2 mm, ndi mainchesi onse a 4.2–22.5 mm mu mawonekedwe a 7–37 strands — yopangidwa motsatira ISO 9001 yokhala ndi mphamvu ya mamita 100,000 pamwezi, yopakidwa ndi roll ndikutumizidwa kudzera ku Ningbo kapena Shanghai. Ogula omwe akufuna zomangamanga zokhazikika amatha kuwonanso bwino ntchito yathu.tsamba lopanga mawaya a CCS lokhazikikandipo banja lonse limakhala pansi pagulu la waya wachitsulo wophimbidwa ndi mkuwaPamene kafukufuku wa zolakwika akuwonetsa njira ina,Waya wa mkuwa woyera wa 99.97%zombo zomwe zili ndi IEC ndi CE mogwirizana ndi njanji, kulumikizana, ndi magetsi — ndipo ngati polojekitiyi ikuphatikizaponso kulumikiza kondakitala ku ndodo kapena chitoliro, buku lathu loyambirira lakugula zipangizo zowotcherera za thermit kuti ziteteze cathodic ya mapaipichimakwirira mbali ya exothermic. Ponena za maziko a conductivity kupitirira deta yathu ya mphero,Laibulale yamagetsi ya Copper Development AssociationNdi chizindikiro chomwe timalimbikitsa mainjiniya aang'ono poyamba.