He aratohu whakatakotoranga raraunga mara mō ngā miihini EPC o te rā: me pēhea te tukunga o ngā irahiko whenua matū 4,200 ki tētahi tipu PV Saudi 150 MW i te ātete papa 3.1 Ω mō ngā tau e rima i te oneone 1,800 Ω·cm — me ngā mahi hoko, tāutanga, me te arotake i ārahi i a mātou ki reira.
TL;DR — E rima ngā whakautu mai i te whakatinanatanga o te hiko-matū 150 MW tūturu
- He aha rawa te mea i tukuna?4,200 ngā irahiko whenua matū ki tētahi tipu PV Saudi 150 MW i roto i te matapihi tāutanga 2020-2022, me ngā irahiko whakakapinga mō te whakamātautau anō i te tau 2023.
- He aha ngā mea i whakaaturia e ngā raraunga o te mara?I tau te ātete toharite o te papa ki te 3.1 Ω i te whakataurite ki te whāinga hoahoa 5 Ω, ā, ko te papa kino rawa atu i pānui ko te 4.7 Ω i te whakamātautau anō o te tau rima i te kokonga papa maroke rawa.
- Ko tēhea roopu oneone i whakamana i tēnei?E ai ki te rangahau paparanga, e 73% o ngā irahiko i roto i te awhi 1,000-2,000 Ω·cm; ko te 6% kino rawa atu i neke atu i te 2,500 Ω·cm, ā, me takirua te awhi.
- Ko ēhea ngā paerewa i tino hira? IEEE 837mō ngā hononga,IEC 62561-7mō te whakakī anō,NFPA 70 (NEC) Tuhinga 690mō te kaiārahi taha-PV, meNEMA GR-1mō te āhua o te tokotoko.
- He aha te mea i rahua, ā, he aha te whakatikatika?Kotahi te puranga o te whakakī-muri i ahu mai i te kaiwhakarato i te tau 2022 i rahua i roto i tā mātou whakamātautau anō i te pumau-ā-ionic o te hauwhā tuatoru (12 o te 38 tauira i ngaro te whakahekenga ātete >35% i muri i ngā rā 30 i te 60°C); i neke mātou ki te whakakotahitanga o roto, ā, i whakamātautau anō i mua i te tukunga e whai ake nei.
I ahu mai ngā raraunga mara o tēnei tuhinga i tētahi tipu PV Saudi 150 MW i tae mai ki a mātou i te marama o Ākuhata 2020 hei uiuinga noa. I neke te EPC o Madrid mai i te utu-mō ia wahi ki te whakatakotoranga i te īmēra tuarua — i ora tā rātou miihini matua i roto i tētahi kaupapa 50 MW i te tau 2018 i reira i neke atu ai te rarangi o ngā rakau wai i te awhe pā-ngaohiko i te tau tuatoru. Ko tā muri ko te raupapa hoko, tāutanga, me te arotake i puta ai te toharite 3.1 Ω / 4.7 Ω kino rawa / tauira whakahaere kore tiaki e rima tau — me te puranga kaiwhakarato kotahi i tata pakaru.
1. Te Whakatakotoranga Kore-Tiaki i Tīmata Mai i te Tipu Rākau Whakamakuku-kore i Rahua
Ko te rahunga tohutoro he tipu hiko PV Chilean 50 MW i whakatūria i te tau 2018 me ngā tokotoko parahi-whakakikoruatia e peia ana, me te huringa whakamakuku e ono marama te roa. I te tau tuatoru, kua neke te matapihi pā-ngaohiko i ngā papa hurihuri e ono ki runga ake i te tawhā hoahoa nā te mea i mahue ngā haerenga whakamakuku e rua kua whakaritea i te tau 2020 (ngā here haere COVID). Kāore ngā tokotoko i rahua ā-tinana — kua maroke. I whiti te ātete o te papa i te paepae 5 Ω i runga i ngā papa e toru o ngā papa e ono.
Koinei te āputa mahi ka katia e te hiko whenua matū. Ko tā mātou hua he matua maitai kua whakakikoruatia ki te parahi (17.2 mm ki te 25.4 mm) i roto i te porowhita augered 100 mm ki te 150 mm, kua whakakīia ki te matū hygroscopic - te uku bentonite kua whakaranua ki te konupora whanariki me te tāpiri pupuri makuku. Ka mimiti te matū i te makuku taiao ka pupuri i te mata o te tokotoko; ka pupuri te konupora whanariki i te rōrahi oneone tonu kia rere. Ko te hua o te taumata tipu ko te noho o te matapihi pā-ngaohiko ki roto i te tawhā hoahoa mō te roanga hoahoa 25 ki te 30 tau, ā, ka taka te huringa whakamakuku i waho o te mahere O&M.
Mō te kaupapa Saudi Arabia, ko te rerekētanga i waenga i te tokotoko wai me te hiko matū he herenga O&M e rima tau te roa i tuhia e te EPC ki roto i te rawa i te rā tuatahi. Kia oti te anga i roto i te rūma, ka noho te utu mō ia wahi hei tūemi raina tiaki.
2. Te Mahere Ātete-Onepū i Whakatau i te 4,200 Ngā Irahiko
Ko te whakautu pono kiāhea ka mutu te kōwhiringa o te hiko matūko te mahere ātete-oneone. Mō te tipu Saudi Arabia i whakahaerehia e mātou he rangahau Wenner e whā-pine puta noa i te tapuwae ara 1.8 km² me ngā pine i te hohonutanga o te hiko kua whakaritea (1.5 m me ngā probe 3.0 m). Ko te wehewehenga i raro nei ko taku e whakamahi ana ina pātai te EPC i te pātai kotahi mō tētahi kaupapa hou.
| Rōpū ātete (Ω·cm) | Te wāhanga o ngā irahiko | Ngā mea i tohua e mātou |
|---|---|---|
| I raro iho i te ~500 | 0% (Kāore he oneone pēnei i te pae Saudi Arabia) | Kāore e pā ana — he onge ki ngā wāhi maroke o te PV. |
| 500 ki te 1,000 | 21% | Kotahi te hiko matū 1.5 m mō ia papa; ko te pānui toharite he 4.2 Ω. |
| 1,000 ki te 2,000 | 73%(rōpū hoahoa-pokapū) | Kotahi te hiko matū 2.4 m mō ia papa; te pānui toharite3.1 Ω. |
| Neke atu i te 2,000 | 6% (te nuinga kei te kokonga tonga-mā-uru) | Kua takiruatia: e rua ngā irahiko 2.4 m te roa i roto i te tauira tahataha me tētahi paparanga kirikiri iti i runga i te mata; ko te pānui kino rawa atu ko 4.7 Ω. |
Ko te tau nui ko te pānui ātete i te hohonutanga o te hiko kua whakaritea, ehara i te pānui mata.I te wāhi o Saudi Arabia, ko te nui o te ine i te mata o ngā titi-whā he 380 Ω·cm (tērā pea he nui te tokotoko taraiwa); ko te nui o te ine i te 1.5 m he 1,400 Ω·cm, ā, ko te nui o te ine i te 3.0 m he 1,800 Ω·cm. Mēnā kāore i whakamahia te rangahau paparua, kua tohua e te EPC he rārangi tokotoko taraiwa-wai.
3. Te Tikanga Tuturu o te "Kore Tiaki" i roto i tā Mātou Pūrongo Whakamātautau Momo
He paerewa ā-umanga tēnei kupu engari he pōrearea, nō reira ka tuhia e mātou mō ia uta. E whā ngā āhuatanga hangarau o tētahi hiko whenua matū kore tiaki i runga i tā mātou tauranga uta e puta mai ana i roto i te pūrongo whakamātautau-momo, ā, ko te pūrongo te mea me tono e te EPC kia tirohia i mua i te hainatanga i te PO.
- Whakakī whakamuri hihiko (mō iaIEC 62561-7).He bentonite i whakaranua ki te konupora whanariki (ehara i te konutai pūhaumāota, e whakaeke ana i ngā matua parahi-kapi). Ka hopukina e te whakamātautau pumau-ionic 60°C / 30-rā ngā ara poto a te kaiwhakarato: ka mau ngā matū e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga i te ≥80% o te whakahekenga ātete; i heke te puranga kaiwhakarato 2022 ki te 65%, ā, ka tīmata te pana whakakotahitanga o roto.
- Te matua maitai whakakikoruatia ki te parahiNEMA GR-1, te hipoki iti rawa 254 µm.Ka whakahaere i te waikura konukōre. I whakakahoretia e mātou tētahi kaiwhakarato o te tau 2021 ko tōna hipoki he 180 µm — he whakaritenga ā-roto mō te whenua tohu au-iti engari he angiangi rawa mō te kawenga au-whakaoho e mau ana i tētahi whakamutu ESE i te wā o tētahi huihuinga patu.
- He poka tirotiro tuturu me te matapihi ine e mau ana te whakapiri.300 mm × 300 mm × 300 mm pūhui (ehara i te raima; ka pakaru te raima i roto i te huringa maroke-wera). Mā te pānui whakapiri ka taea e te kapa O&M te tirotiro i te whakamātautau anō o te tau rima i roto i te 30 hēkona mō ia papa.
- Kāore he whakaritenga whakamakuku anō i roto i te mahere Whakahaere me te Whakaora.E kī ana te pukapuka ā-ringa o Saudi Arabia kia mau te taura i te tau tuatahi, te tau tuatoru, me te tau tuarima — kaua rawa he mea i waenganui. Mēnā he ono, he tekau mā rua rānei marama te roa o te huringa whakamakuku, kua hē te tautuhi i te hiko.
Ko te rerekētanga i waenga i tehiko whenua matūme tētahitokotoko whenua katote hikohikoi roto i tā mātou raina he āhua āhuahanga, ehara i te mahi — he ngongo parahi vs he matua maitai whakakikoruatia ki te parahi, he rite tonu te whakakī. I tukuna e rāua te toharite 3.1 Ω ōrite ki te whāinga 5 Ω i runga i te tipu Saudi.
4. Ngā Paerewa e Whā i Whakawhitiwhitia i roto i te Saudi Spec
E whā ngā paerewa i whakawhitihia e te whakatakotoranga Saudi Arabia. Ko tēhea paerewa e whakahaere ana i te whakatau ko tēhea te wāhanga e waihotia ana e ngā EPC kia huna — anei te mahere mahi.
| Paerewa | Ngā mea i whakahaerea e ia | Ngā mea i whakaatuhia e te EPC |
|---|---|---|
| IEEE 837 | Ngā hononga whakarewa-whakawera mai i ia irahiko ki te ara iahiko whenua-taputapu. | Rārangi hononga mō te rahi o te ara iahiko e whakamahia ana (i whakamahia e mātou te 4/0 AWG mō te pūtu, 2 AWG mō ngā papa takitahi); pūrongo whakamātautau taura-ki-tokotoko. |
| IEC 62561-7 | Te papa whakakī anō. | Pūrongo whakamātautau-momo: te tauwehenga whakaiti ātete i te makuku tohutoro me te hua pumau-ā-ionic 60°C / 30-rā.Ko te nuinga o te wā ka ngaro i roto i ngā korero a ngā kaiwhakataetae. |
| NFPA 70 (NEC) Tuhinga 690 | Te rahi o te ara iahiko whenua-taputapu mai i te anga whakarara ki te irahiko. | Ko te rahi o te oma o te ara iahiko i runga i te ripanga NEC 690, ā, ko te pito o te irahiko kua whakarārangihia ki tētahi paerewa wāhanga kua whakamanahia (UL 467 i roto i te horopaki o US, ahakoa kei Saudi Arabia te tipu tonu - i whakamahia e te EPC te rārangi o US hei pūtake arotake). |
| NEMA GR-1 | Ngā rahi o te tokotoko, te matotoru o te whakakikorua parahi, te tika. | Tiwhikete mira: diameter ±0.1 mm, matotoru parahi ≥254 µm, tika ≤1 mm / 300 mm. |
Mō ngā papa hiko MV me te teihana hiko POI,IEEE 80meIEEE 665ko te here here te mea nui, ehara i te ātete mata o te papa. Me whakaae ngā kaiārahi e rua ki te IEEE 837 i mua i te hainatanga o tētahi.
5. Te Wāhi i Haere ai ngā Irahiko ki te Huinga
I te tipu o Saudi Arabia, i whakautua te pātai "kei hea ahau ka whakatakoto ai i a rātou" mā te whakamahi i tētahi hoahoa rārangi kotahi i whakahoutia e te EPC e toru ngā wā i mua i te tukunga o te ipu tuatahi. I tau ngā irahiko matū ki ngā momo wāhi motuhake e rima - ā, me kī te tuhinga hoko ko tēhea paerewa e whakahaere ana i tēhea wāhi, nā te mea he rerekē te tautuhi i te āhua o te irahiko kotahi mō ia tangata.
Pikitia 2 — He hiko matū momo tokotoko whenua katote hikohiko i roto i tētahi poka tirotiro kua oti i tētahi papa hurihuri tipu-Saudi. Ko te matua parahi-whakakikoruatia ka whakarewahia ki waho o te wera ki te ara iahiko whenua-taputapu i te taumata poka tirotiro.
- Ngā papa hurihuri.I tīmata i te kotahi mō ia papa; i tāpirihia he tuarua ki ngā papa 14 i te mea ko te rangahau 1.5 m i runga ake i te 1,800 Ω·cm (1,316 ngā irahiko, te toharite 3.1 Ω).
- Ngā papa whakawhiti MV.E rua ngā irahiko mō ia papa me te paparanga kirikiri mata, i hangaia kia rite ki te matapihi pā-me-te-hikohiko IEEE 80 (84 ngā papa, 168 ngā irahiko).
- Ngā pouaka whakakotahi.Kotahi te irahiko mō ia pouaka (1,890 ngā irahiko).
- Ngā pito e rua o te pūtu matua o te taputapu DC-whakawhenua.E rua ngā irahiko (1.4 km te pūtu).
- Ngā whakamutu hiko-iho o te uira ESE.24 ngā taunga hau ESE i te taha o te rarangi me te whare taputapu whakawhiti MV, ia taunga he whakamutu tokotoko whenua katote hikohiko (ko te kaha o te iahiko-whakaoho te herenga).
Tapeke: 4,200 ngā irahiko matū, e rite ana ki te kaupapa hoko a te EPC me ngā ipu i wehe atu i Xinchang i waenga i te marama o Hepetema 2020 me Maehe 2022. Ko te hapa e kitea pinepinetia ana e au i te whakahoutanga tuatahi ko te whakaaro ki ngā momo wāhi e rima he rite tonu - ehara i te mea ōrite. Me kī te tuhinga hoko ko tēhea paerewa e whakahaere ana i tēhea wāhi.
6. Ko te Whakatakotoranga Matū Whakakī-Whakamuri i Wehewehe i te Kaiwhakarato
Mō te kaupapa Saudi Arabia, i wehea ngā kaitono e rua i runga i te rārangi tono e te whakaritenga whakakī-muri. I tukuna e tētahi he rārangi pukapuka 14-whārangi me te tohutoro IEC 62561-7 kotahi i te uhi o muri. I tukuna e tētahi atu he pūrongo whakamātautau-momo 38-whārangi e kapi ana i te tauwehenga whakaiti ātete i ngā āhuatanga makuku tohutoro e whā, te hua pumau-ā-ionic 60°C / 30-rā, te pihi pupuri makuku 90-rā, me te tauākī hanganga taiao ESIA-wāhanga. Ko te tuarua ko te kaiwhakarato i tuhia e te EPC ki roto i tētahi mahere O&M 25-tau.
Ko te reo hokohoko i tuhia e mātou mō ngā whakaritenga Saudi Arabia i karangahia e whā ngā rawa - ko aua rawa e whā i whakamatautauria e mātou i roto i te whare mō ia tuku, me aua rawa e whā i whakahokia mai i roto i tā mātou pūrongo whakamātautau-momo.
- Tauwehenga whakaiti ātete (e ai ki te IEC 62561-7).Paerewa: 12:1 i te 20% makuku tohutoro.
- Te pumau ā-ionic mō te wā roa (60°C / whakamātautau anō mō ngā rā 30).Konupora whanariki ki runga ake i te konutai pūhaumāota (ka whakaekea e te pūhaumāota ngā matua parahi); paepae pupuri ≥80%. I hoki mai te puranga kaiwhakarato o te tau 2022 ki te 65% — te take mō te whakaranu i roto i te whare.
- Te pupuri i te makuku i roto i te huringa whakamaroke mō ngā rā 90.73% te pupuri i muri i ngā rā 90 i te 35°C / 30% RH — te pūwāhi raraunga i whakamahia e te EPC hei whakarite i te whakamātautau anō mō te tau rima.
- Te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga taiao i ESIA.Ka hipa i te taumata waipara paerewa i raro i te 1 mg/L mō ngā konganuku kua whakaritea.
Ko te wheketere e whakaatu ana i te pūrongo whakamātautau momo-whenua e whā, koia te mea e tuhia ana e te EPC ki roto i te mahere O&M 25-tau; ko te wheketere he pepa ine tokotoko anake ka puta mai i te tau tuarua me te īmēra "pūhui hou kua whakapaitia".
7. Te Āhua o tā Mātou Whakatakoto i te Tukanga e Ono-Hipanga mō te Saudi EPC
Ko te tukanga whakatakotoranga e ono ngā taahiraa i ārahihia e mātou mō te EPC he rite tonu ki te mea e whakahaerehia ana e mātou mō ngā kaupapa PV katoa. Ehara i te rārangi whānui — kei ia taahiraa he whakatau me mahi e te miihini EPC mō tā rātou kaupapa motuhake.
- Whakahaerehia he rangahau ātete oneone e whā-titi ana a Wenner puta noa i te tapuwae kua whakaritea.Tuhia i te hohonutanga o te mata me te hohonutanga o te 3.0 m. Ko te rerekētanga o te mata me te hohonutanga i te pae Saudi Arabia he 4× (380 Ω·cm vs 1,800 Ω·cm).
- Tautuhia he ātete ūnga mō ia papa mai i te hoahoa rārangi kotahi o te kaupapa.I whakatakotoria e te Saudi EPC te 5 Ω mō ia papa inverter me te 1 Ω mō te whatunga ōrite-pūmanawa whānui; i mau tonu ēnei e rua tae noa ki te whakamātautau anō o te tau rima.
- Tauwhāitihia te matū o te whakakī whakamuri mā te tuhituhi, me te pūrongo whakamātautau momo-āhuatanga e whā e tāpirihia ana.Ko te puranga kaiwhakarato o te tau 2022 te whakamātautau — i kitea e te pūrongo te pupuri 65% i mua i te tuku.
- Maukatihia te āhua o te tokotoko me te paerewa hononga.17.2 mm × 2.4 m te parahi-whakakikorua mō ngā papa hurihuri; 25.4 mm × 2.4 m te āhuahanga katote hikohiko mō ngā papa MV me ngā pito uira. Ngā hononga whakarewa-whakawera kiIEEE 837, kāore he rawhi mīhini.
- Tāutahia ki te oneone kāore i whakakorikoria me te whakamahi i te maripi poutū 100 mm.Ko te auger kotahi puta noa i te rarangi katoa — kāore he taputapu motuhake. Whakakīia te porowhita i mua i te hiri i te poka tirotiro; kaua e tāuta mā te wai tū (ko te wā maroke 14-rā i mua i te tāutanga te ture matua mō tēnei wāhi).
- Whakamātauria te hekenga o te pūmanawa i te wā whakatūnga me te tau rima.E ai ki te whānau tikanga IEEE 81; te ātete ki ngā rākau, te pāmahana oneone, me te makuku. Ko te whakamātautau anō o te tipu Saudi Arabia i te tau rima i puta ko te toharite o te 3.1 Ω me te papa kino rawa atu o te 4.7 Ω.
8. Te Poraka Rahi Kāore i Tika i te Wā Tuatahi
I tukuna ngā irahiko tuatahi e 200 ki te tipu o Saudi Arabia me te auger 75 mm (i whakamahia e te miihini o te EPC i tētahi kaupapa tokotoko taraiwa o mua) ā, i hoki mai ngā pānui mara ki te toharite 5.8 Ω ki te whāinga 5 Ω — kāore i te wātea te wāhi mō te matū hei whakamakuku. I neke mātou ki te 100 mm mō ngā irahiko e 4,000 e toe ana, ā, i heke te toharite ki te 3.1 Ω. Kāore i whakahoutia ngā kōhao iti e 200; koinei te 6% o ngā papa i roto i te roopu "neke atu i te 2,000 Ω·cm" i whiwhi i te maimoatanga irahiko takirua.
| Tawhā | Te kōpaki mahi (te tipu Saudi) | He aha ai |
|---|---|---|
| Diameter matua | 17.2 mm (ngā papa hurihuri); 25.4 mm (ngā papa MV, ngā pito ESE) mō iaNEMA GR-1 | Ka whakawhāitihia e ngā matua iti te kaha ā-ringa i te wā e tāuta ana i te auger. |
| Roa | 2.4 mita | I raro iho i te 1.5 m, ko te huringa makuku o ngā wā te mea nui — ko te pānui mata 380 Ω·cm anake te tohu raraunga mēnā i noho pāpaku tātou. |
| Te whānui o te kōhao o te auka | 100 mm te iti rawa | I raro iho i te 100 mm, kāore te porowhita whakakī e makuku. Ko te utu toharite mō te ngana tuatahi ki tēnei pae he 75 mm te whānui. |
| Te poka tirotiro me te hononga | poka pūmua 300 mm × 300 mm × 300 mm; hononga whakarewa-whakawera ki te IEEE 837 | I hinga te raima i te huringa wera-maroke. I rahua ngā rawhi miihini i te whakamātautau iahiko-whakaoho i runga i tā mātou paepae o roto. |
Ko te rerekētanga 0.4 Ω i waenga i te auger 75 mm me te 100 mm te taurangi taha tāutanga nui rawa atu kua inehia e mātou — ā, koinei te taurangi e whakahaerehia ana e te miihini o te papaanga o te EPC, ehara i te wheketere, i te matū whakakī rānei. Ka taea te whakakī i te aho whakaranu mai i te tēpu whakaritenga; kāore e taea e te auger.
9. Te Hononga o Tēnei ki te Hanganga Pūngao Rā o te Ao — me te Hiranga mō te Hokonga EPC i te Tau 2026
Ehara te 3.1 Ω o te tipu o Saudi Arabia i te mea rerekē. I roto i ā mātou tukunga 2020-2025 ki ngā PV tauine-whakarato i te Middle East, Awherika ki te Raki, te US Southwest, me te uta o Ahitereiria, ko te ātete papa toharite i runga i ngā tāutanga kua tohua tika kua tau ki te awhe 2.8 ki te 3.6 Ω ki te whāinga 5 Ω. Ko te marara 0.8 Ω e akiakihia ana e te whānuitanga o te here oneone me te diameter o te poka-auger i te taha tāutanga. Ko te ōritetanga o te matū whakakī-muri he iti ake te hiranga i te whānuitanga o te diameter o te poka-auger — he kitenga i miharo ai tā mātou tīma QA i te wā i arotakehia ai e mātou ngā raraunga whakamātautau-anō o te tau rima ki ngā rekoata tāutanga.
Ka tū taua tauira raraunga-marae ki te taha o tētahi hanganga-ake e tāuta ana i nāianei, māTe aroturuki IEA-PVPS, neke atu i te 400 GW o te kaha PV hou ia tau. Ko teWhakaahua Poto o te IEA-PVPS 2024e whakaū ana kua whiti te PV tāpiripiri i te 2 TW; teNgā Pūngao Whakahou IEA 2024E matapaetia ana ko te PV tauine-whaipainga ka noho tonu hei kaituku nui rawa atu ki te kaha whakahou hou tae noa ki te tau 2030. Mō ngā tīma hokohoko, kua neke te whenua mai i te raina tokotoko-me-te-piri whānui ki tētahi kāwai whakatakotoranga tauine-whaipainga kua whakamanahia - ā, ko ngā kaiwhakarato ka taea te whakaputa i te pūrongo whakamātautau momo-whenua e whā ko rātou te hunga e toa ana i te uiuinga.
10. Ngā Pātai Auau Mai i ngā Rōpū Hoko a te EPC
He aha te hiko whakawhenua matū mō te pāmu pūngao rā?
He tokotoko rino parahi kua whakakikoruatia ki te parahi, kua tāutahia poutū, ā, kua karapotia e te matū whakakī waiora e mimiti ana i te makuku o te taiao, e whakau ana i te ātete o te hikohiko i roto i ngā tau maha, me te kore e whakamakuku ā-ringa. I runga i te tipu Saudi Arabia, 4,200 i tukuna i waenga i te tau 2020-2022 me te toharite 3.1 Ω i te tau rima.
He aha te hiranga o te whakatō whenua kore tiaki mō ngā PV tauine-ratonga?
Ka kapi ngā tipu i ngā tekau ki ngā rau heketea me ngā mano tini o ngā wāhi hiko. Mēnā ka he te kaupapa, ka waiho te hiko tuku iho e whakahaere ana i te huringa whakamakuku e ono, tekau mā rua rānei marama te roa, kāore e tiakina te rawa. Mā te whakatō whenua kore tiaki ka tangohia te huringa.
He aha te ātete oneone he teitei rawa mō te tokotoko e peia ana ko ia anake?
I runga ake i te 1,000 Ω·cm, kāore e taea e te tokotoko parahi kotahi te toro atu ki raro i te 5 Ω i te papa me te kore he maha o ngā tokotoko, he whakaurunga hōhonu rawa rānei. I te tipu o Saudi Arabia, 73% o te rarangi i roto i te awhi 1,000-2,000 Ω·cm; ko te 6% i runga ake i te 2,000 Ω·cm i whiwhi i ngā hiko tauira-delta.
Ko ēhea ngā paerewa e pā ana ki te whakapūmau matū i runga i ngā tipu PV?
IEEE 837mō ngā hononga,IEEE 80 / IEEE 665mō te hoahoa āhua teihana hiko,IEC 62561-7mō ngā matū whenua, meNFPA 70 (NEC) Tuhinga 690mō te whakapūmau i te pūnaha PV.NEMA GR-1e taupokina ana te tokotoko tonu.
Kia pēhea te roa o te mahi a te hiko matū?
Mā te hikohiko kua tohua tika ka puta he matapihi ātete pumau mō te roanga hoahoa 25 ki te 30 tau. Ka ārai te whakakikorua parahi i te waikura karawaka; ka noho ora tonu te whakakī whakamuri nā te mea he waikura. Kāore anō kia whakamakukuhia anō ngā hikohiko 4,200 o te tipu Saudi mai i te tāutanga.
E tutuki ana i ngā hiko matū ngā whakaritenga NEC 690?
Āe.NFPA 70 (NEC) Tuhinga 690e kapi ana i te whenua o te pūnaha PV; he hiko matū me te matua parahi-whakakikoruatia meIEEE 837e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga ngā taputapu.
He aha te rerekētanga o te matū o te whakakī whakamuri mai i te bentonite anake?
He waikore te bentonite parakore, engari ka pau te nui o te ionic i ngā wā maroke. Ka tāpirihia he tote electrolyte (te nuinga o te konupora whanariki) me te tāpiri pupuri makuku ki te whakakī i te oneone, kāore he mahi tiaki.
Kei hea te wāhi tika hei whakanoho i ngā irahiko matū ki runga i te rarangi PV?
I runga i te tipu o Saudi Arabia: 1,316 i ngā papa whakawhiti hiko, 168 i ngā papa MV, 1,890 i ngā pouaka whakakotahi, 2 i ngā pito e rua o te pūtu DC 1.4 km te roa, 24 i ngā pito uira ESE — 4,200 katoa. He rerekē te āhua i runga i te wāhi.
He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i te irahiko matū me te tokotoko whenua katote hiko?
E whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pepa raraunga maha.tō mātou raina, ka whakamahia e te hiko matū he ngongo parahi; tetokotoko whenua katote hikohikoe whakamahi ana i te matua parahi.
11. Te Whakamutunga — Ngā Mea i Tonohia e Mātou ki te Saudi EPC kia Tukuna Mai i te Rā Tuatahi
Mena ko koe te miihini kaupapa EPC me te tuhinga hoko e tuwhera ana, ko te iti rawa e taea ai e mātou te whakahua me te kore he huringa whakamārama e ono wiki te roa ko ngā tūemi e ono i tukuna e te tīma Madrid i te marama o Ākuhata 2020: te tūtohi rārangi kotahi me ngā wāhi hiko, te rangahau paparanga Wenner i te hohonu kua whakaritea, ngā whāinga ātete mō ia papa me ia whatunga, te paerewa hononga (te tikangaIEEE 837), te paerewa matū whakakī (IEC 62561-7), me ngā herenga ESIA.
Mō tētahi kaupapa ora, ko te ara tere rawa ko tewhārangi hua hiko whenua matū, tetokotoko whenua katote hikohikomekōwae whenuangā whārangi, ngāNgā mea tino pai e 5rangitaki.Whakapā mai ki tā mātou tēpu kaweakemō tētahi kōrero tika.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-28-2026