Yaƙi da kayan aikiSatar jan ƙarfe a cikin tsarin ƙasasuna canza ƙayyadaddun bayanai a hankali: maimakon maye gurbin masu sarrafa jan ƙarfe da aka sace da jan ƙarfe iri ɗaya, adadin masu kula da kadarori da ke ƙaruwa yanzu suna ƙayyade zaren ƙarfe mai rufi da jan ƙarfe (CCS) don tushen ƙasa mai inganci, haɗin shinge da kuma mayar da martani.Mun ga dabarar tana da sauƙi - zaren CCS yana ɗauke da tagulla mai tsarki mai tsawon mm 0.25 a kan tsakiyar ƙarfe, don haka yana yin aikin lantarki amma yana riƙe da ƙaramin ƙimar tagulla mai ƙarfi, kuma a cikin ƙwarewarmu ta fitarwa, wannan canji ɗaya yana kawar da matsalar kasuwancin ɓarawo.Na shafe shekaru 12 ina samar wa masu amfani da wutar lantarki da 'yan kwangilarsu na'urorin lantarki a ƙasashe sama da 60, kuma wannan labarin yana duba bayanan sata da ke haifar da canjin, lambobin injiniyan da dole ne marubucin takamaiman ya duba, da kuma ainihin jerin abubuwan da nake aika wa masu siye waɗanda ke sake rubuta ƙa'idodinsu bayan sata.
- Mun dogara ne da wani bincike da Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka ta gudanar wanda ya ƙidaya rahotannin satar jan ƙarfe 18,400 da kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki 618 suka bayar a cikin shekara guda, kuma an ambaci wayoyi masu amfani da ƙasa a kan sanduna da kuma tashoshin wutar lantarki a matsayin manyan abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su.
- Mun ambaci kalaman Eskom da kansa cewa satar jan ƙarfe na kashe tattalin arzikin Afirka ta Kudu tsakanin biliyan 5 zuwa biliyan 7 a shekara, inda kamfanin wutar lantarki da kansa ke kashe kusan biliyan 2 a kowace shekara don maye gurbin kebul ɗin da aka sata.
- Sashen CCS yana samar da kashi 15% zuwa 40% na IACS mai jurewa tare da ƙarfin taurin kai na 560 zuwa 1040 MPa - kusan sau biyu zuwa biyar ya fi ƙarfin jan ƙarfe mai jurewa - yayin da zuciyar ƙarfensa ke sa ya zama kusan ba shi da amfani a wurin da aka yi ɓarna.
- A cikin ƙididdigar fitar da kayayyaki, zaren CCS yawanci yana gudana tsakanin kashi 25% zuwa 40% ƙasa da mai sarrafa jan ƙarfe mai kauri iri ɗaya a kowace mita, galibi saboda tsakiyar ƙarfe yana maye gurbin mafi yawan nauyin jan ƙarfe.
- Kullum muna auna girman musanya mai dacewa ta hanyar aikin kuskure maimakon diamita: da farko mu daidaita sashin giciye na jan ƙarfe daidai, sannan mu zaɓi adadin zare, ajin gudanarwa da manne.
ƙarfe 2 na safe a tashar samar da wutar lantarki: me rahotannin abin da ya faru suka ce a zahiri?
A cikin shekaru goma sha biyu da muka shafe muna karanta rahotannin abubuwan da suka faru, wani yanayi ya sake maimaita kansa. A wannan yanayin, wani ɓarawo ya yanke shingen da ke kan wani tashar samar da wutar lantarki ba tare da ma'aikata ba, ya yi watsi da kayan aikin da ke aiki gaba ɗaya, sannan ya nemi jan ƙarfe mafi sauƙi da aminci a cikin farfajiyar: wutsiyoyin ƙasa da ke kan ginin ƙarfe, tsalle-tsalle masu ɗaure shinge da kuma layukan ƙasa da ke kan sandunan da ke waje.TheBinciken Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka kan satar wayoyin jan ƙarfe daga kamfanonin wutar lantarkitakardu daidai da wannan tsari — ɓarayi sun kai hari kan wayoyin ƙasa na jan ƙarfe a kan sandunan wutar lantarki, a cikin transformers da kuma a cikin tashoshin ƙasa, kuma wani lamari da aka rubuta ya tilasta wa wata tashar wutar lantarki rage kuzari don kawai ta gyara wayoyin ƙasa da ɓarawo ya yanke lafiya.A shekarar 2008 kawai, kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki 618 da aka yi bincike a kansu sun bayar da rahoton satar jan karfe 18,400 tare da kudin gyara dala miliyan 22, kuma mutane 13 sun mutu a duk yunƙurin da aka bayar.
Mun ga irin wannan tsari fiye da Amurka.A cewar waniSanarwar Eskom ta hukuma, satar jan ƙarfe yana kashe tattalin arzikin Afirka ta Kudu tsakanin biliyan 5 zuwa biliyan 7 a shekara, kuma kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki yana kashe kusan biliyan 2 a shekara don maye gurbin wayoyin da aka sata. A Sanarwar gwamnatin Afirka ta Kuduya maimaita adadin biliyan R2 iri ɗaya kuma ya lura cewa satar kebul yana haifar da dogon katsewa wanda ke shafar kasuwanci da muhimman ayyuka. Ina jin labarin iri ɗaya a kowace nahiya lokacin da nake magana da manajojin kadarorin wutar lantarki: umarnin maye gurbin ba kasafai yake da zafi ba - katsewa, fallasa tsaro da kuma sake satar.
Takardar lissafin da aka ɓoye: Nawa ne kudin da aka sata na na'urar sarrafa ƙasa?
Idan wani abu mai kama da grounding ya ɓace, ina tunatar da masu siye cewa wayar ita ce mafi arha a cikin matsalar.A cikin kwarewarmu, ainihin kuɗin da ake kashewa ya haɗa da ma'aikatan gyara, tagar katsewa ko rage kuzari, haɗarin tsaro yayin da layin wutar lantarki ke aiki ba tare da hanyar da aka tsara ba, da kuma kusan tabbacin cewa ɓarawo zai dawo da zarar an sanya jan ƙarfe mai kyau.Binciken DOE ya nuna muhimmancin tsaro: dole ne kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki su kashe wutar lantarki ga dubban abokan ciniki kawai don gyara ginin da sata ta lalata. Kuma tashar samar da wutar lantarki da ta rasa na'urorin samar da wutar lantarki ba wai kawai matsalar kuɗi ba ce - ba tare da tsarin hanyar ƙasa ba, neman hanyoyin da suka lalace, da kuma ƙarfin lantarki da ke kewaye da farfajiyar na iya zama mai haɗari ga mutumin da ya biyo baya.
Ina gaya wa masu siye su daina yin kasafin kuɗi wajen satar jan ƙarfe a matsayin layin gyara, kuma tsarin sake ziyartar shine dalilin.Muna kiran duk wani oda da aka yi wa wani daban a matsayin gayyatar sake ziyartarmu, domin kun dawo da ainihin kayan da kasuwar shara ta gida ke saya.Mun lura cewa kayan aikin da ke tserewa daga zagayowar suna canza kayan, ba kawai makullin ba.
Karanta canjin takamaiman bayanai: me yasa ake canzawa daga maye gurbin zuwa maye gurbin?
Ina ganin tsari bayyananne a cikin kwangilolin maye gurbin da muka ambata a cikin shekaru da yawa da suka gabata game da yadda ƙayyadaddun bayanai ke canzawa bayan sata akai-akai. A cikin ƙwarewarmu, odar siye ta farko tana maye gurbin kamar haka. Na biyu yana ƙara kyamarori ko sintiri. Da na uku, injiniyan yana sake rubuta mizanin da kansa - kuma yawanci shine lokacin da akwatin saƙo na ya sami zane tare da "ƙarfe mai rufi da tagulla" a kan kiran jagoran. Ba mu kaɗai ba ne a cikin wannan karatun - jagorar masana'antu tana nuna hanya ɗaya:Rahoton CEATI kan mafi kyawun ayyuka a fannin rage satar jan ƙarfeya ƙunshi wasu hanyoyin da za a bi wajen maye gurbin jan ƙarfe, tambarin jagora da canje-canjen ƙira don gina ƙasa a matakin sama da ƙasa a matsayin manyan dabarun rage tasirin, tare da shinge, hasken wuta da matakan aiwatar da doka.
Mun faɗi a sarari: kyamarori da shinge suna magance matsalar; kayan sarrafawa suna magance matsalar.Saboda sata laifi ne na tattalin arziki, mafi ɗorewa wajen rage tasirin ita ce wadda ke share layin samun kuɗi - kuma layin CCS yana yin hakan ne yayin da yake kiyaye aikin wutar lantarki. Ƙungiyarmu ta kalli kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki na ƙananan hukumomi a yankunan da ake yawan satar kuɗi suna daidaita CCS ga kowane haɗin gwiwa mai sama da mataki, kuma rahotannin satansu kawai suna ɓacewa daga taron aminci na wata-wata.
Lambobin injiniya: menene dole ne marubucin takamaiman ya bincika?
Ba mu taɓa barin labarin hana sata ya zama uzuri ga ƙarancin ƙirar lantarki ba, don haka bari in sanya alkaluman a kan teburi.Wayar CCS mai igiyakumaWayar ƙarfe mai ɗaure da tagullaAn gina layukan daga zare 7 zuwa 37 tare da diamita gaba ɗaya daga 4.2 mm zuwa 22.5 mm, Layer ɗin jan ƙarfe mai tsabta na 0.25 mm, da kuma azuzuwan sarrafawa daga 15% zuwa 40% IACS. Ƙarfin tauri yana gudana daga 560 zuwa 1040 MPa, kuma tsawon rayuwar sabis ɗinmu ya wuce shekaru 50. Don tunani, namu99.97% tsantsar jan ƙarfe mai ratsawaYana da ƙarfin watsawa sama da kashi 90% ga ƙira waɗanda da gaske suke buƙatar tagulla mai ƙarfi.
| Kadara | Sashen CCS (tsarinmu) | Zaren tagulla mai ƙarfi (na yau da kullun) | Abin da ake nufi a cikin gidan da ake yawan satar yara |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gudanar da wutar lantarki | IACS 15%–40% | ~100% IACS | Girman CCS sama da diamita ɗaya ko biyu don dacewa da aikin laifuffuka |
| Ƙarfin tauri | 560–1040 MPa | ~220 MPa mai rage zafi | CCS tana tsayayya da yankewa da shimfiɗawa sosai |
| Kashi na nauyin jan ƙarfe | Ƙananan masu jagoranci | 100% | Ƙimar tarkacen CCS ƙashi ne na tagulla mai ƙarfi |
| Rayuwar sabis | > shekaru 50 | > shekaru 50 | Babu hukuncin zagayowar rai ga musanyar |
| Kudin kayan aiki (ƙididdigar fitar da kayayyaki) | Kashi 25%–40% ƙasa da kowace mita | Tushen tushe | CCS yawanci yana da rahusa don siye, ba kawai don adanawa ba |
| Yanke ƙoƙari | Ruwan wukake masu ƙarfi - masu ƙarfi na ƙarfe | Ƙasa | Barayi sun daina yawo a wasu sassan hanyar |
Farashin CCS ya yi ƙasa da kashi 25% zuwa 40% idan aka kwatanta da na'urar sarrafa jan ƙarfe mai kauri iri ɗaya a cikin ƙimar fitar da kayayyaki, musamman saboda tsakiyar ƙarfe yana maye gurbin mafi yawan nauyin jan ƙarfe da ke haifar da farashi.Muna son nuna cewa wannan gibin yana faɗaɗa duk lokacin da jan ƙarfe ya haɗu, wanda shine daidai lokacin da matsin lamba na sata ya tashi - na'urar hana sata tana samun araha idan aka kwatanta da jan ƙarfe daidai lokacin da kuke buƙatar sa.
Girman canjin ta hanyar laifin aiki: me yasa kwafin diamita ke ɓatarwa?
Na ga kuskure ɗaya akai-akai a cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai na CCS na farko: kwafi diamita na jan ƙarfe kai tsaye a fadin. Mun ga wannan hanyar ta rage girman mai jagoran.Zaren IACS CCS mai kashi 30% yana buƙatar kusan sau 1.7 na yankin giciye na jagorar jan ƙarfe da yake maye gurbinsa don ɗaukar nauyin lahani iri ɗaya, don haka daidaitaccen aikin aiki shine: ƙididdige sashin jan ƙarfe da ake buƙata daidai, sannan zaɓi diamita da ajin wutar lantarki na CCS waɗanda suka cika shi.Zarenmu yana rufe wayoyi 7 zuwa 37 tare da diamita na monofilament na 1.4 mm zuwa 3.2 mm, don haka kusan kowace lambar jan ƙarfe ta tarihi tana da daidai da CCS mai girma ɗaya wanda har yanzu ya dace da maƙallan yau da kullun da molds na waje.
Ina bin ka gargaɗi ɗaya daga cikin gaskiya daga fagen.Mun yi imanin cewa CCS ita ce amsar da ta dace don yin amfani da ƙasa, haɗawa da kuma yin amfani da ita, amma ba madadin kowane gudu na jan ƙarfe ba ne na duniya baki ɗaya.- na'urorin ciyar da wutar lantarki masu ci gaba da aiki da wasu aikace-aikacen sadarwa har yanzu suna ba da hujjar jan ƙarfe mai ƙarfi, kuma layin jan ƙarfe namu na 99.97% yana nan don waɗannan lamuran. Muna tsammanin mai samar da kayayyaki mai aminci zai gaya muku inda iyakar take maimakon sayar da CCS don komai.
Mai ƙididdige shirye-shiryen maye gurbin CCS
Yi alama a kan abubuwan da ka riga ka shirya. Mai maki yana nuna yadda cikakken bayanin maye gurbinka yake.
1/8 — matakin farko. Aiko mana da aikin ku na lada da diamita da ke akwai, kuma za mu zana sauran tare da ku.
Abu shine babban abin da ke kan gaba - amma ta yaya mafi kyawun masu samar da wutar lantarki ke tattara kariyarsu?
A cikin jigilar kayayyaki, igiyar CCS tana ɗaukar nauyi, kuma kayan aikin da ke da ƙididdigar sata mafi tsabta suna haɗa shi da halaye biyu masu arha. Da farko, muna ba da shawarar yin alama ga direba: jagorar CEATI ta lissafa tambarin direba a cikin matakan hana shi, kuma za mu iya samar da zaren tare da gano wanda ke sa sake siyarwa ya zama da sauƙin ganowa.Na biyu, muna kira ga tsaftar sayayya - wani tsari da ya ambaci ajin watsa wutar lantarki, kauri na layin jan ƙarfe, kewayon taurin kai da kuma adadin zare wanda ba ya barin wani wuri don maye gurbin samfurin tagulla mai laushi da ƙarfi wanda barawo zai iya amfani da shi yayin shigarwa.
Daga gefen teburinmu: yaya odar maye gurbin da sata ke haifarwa take kama?
Muna ɗaukar gudu da muhimmanci kamar farashi idan kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki ko mai rarraba ta ya rubuto mana bayan wani lamari. Masana'antarmu da ke Xinchang tana gudanar da masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki mai fadin murabba'in mita 3,000 tare da ma'aikatan samarwa sama da 40 da kuma ƙungiyar bincike da ci gaba ta mutane 5, tana fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ƙasashe sama da 60, kuma tana iya samar da har zuwa mita 100,000 na igiyar CCS a kowane wata. Inganci yana aiki a ƙarƙashin tsarin ISO 9001 - zaku iya tabbatar da ma'anar wannan takardar shaidar akanShafin hukuma na ISO 9001- kuma ga masu siye waɗanda ke buƙatar gwajin lantarki na ɓangare na uku na kayan ƙasa,CEPRI (Cibiyar Binciken Wutar Lantarki ta China)ita ce hukuma da aka amince da ita wacce rahotannin da kwamitin bayar da shawarwari suka amince da su suka amince da su. Adadin fitar da kayayyaki da muka yi rikodin ya kai dala miliyan 15 a shekarar 2022, kuma babban kaso na wannan adadin yanzu ana jigilar shi zuwa ga kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki da ke sake gina hanyoyin sadarwa na kasa da satar ta lalata.
Ina ajiye bayanai guda uku masu amfani a cikin kowane ambaton maye gurbin:Muna shirya jerin abubuwa ta hanyar naɗewa zuwa tsawon da aka ƙayyade, muna jigilar su daga Shanghai ko Ningbo, kuma muna shirya cikakken saitin takaddun fitarwa - lissafin kuɗi, jerin kayan tattarawa, takardar shaidar asali da takaddun gwaji - kafin a rufe akwatin.Idan kuna daidaita tsarin a cikin tashoshin samar da wutar lantarki da dama, za mu iya kuma riƙe ramin samar da wutar lantarki don haka aika da sake yin oda ba tare da sabon tattaunawa kan lokaci ba. Kuna iya bincika cikakken jerin a cikin namunau'in waya mai rufin ƙarfe.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Shin madaurin CCS yana da matsala kamar tagulla mai ƙarfi?
Mun amsa eh, muddin an yi shi bisa ga aikin kuskure maimakon diamita. Mai sarrafa CCS a 30% ko 40% IACS, wanda ya ɗaga girma ɗaya ko biyu, yana ɗauke da wutar lantarki iri ɗaya da tagullar da yake maye gurbinta, kuma koyaushe ina ba da shawarar injiniyan ƙira ya tabbatar da daidai sashin tagullar kafin mu faɗi.
Me yasa ɓarayi ke yin watsi da layin CCS bayan lamarin farko?
Domin tattalin arziki ya ɓace, kamar yadda muka gani a cikin asusunmu na wutar lantarki. Zuciyar ƙarfe tana nufin mita ɗaya na CCS ya ƙunshi ƙaramin ɓangare na tagulla a cikin na'urar sarrafa wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi, yadi mai tarkace ba shi da yawa, kuma tsakiyar ƙarfe yana rage kayan aikin yankewa da ɓarayi ke ɗauka. Magana tana tafiya da sauri a cikin hanyoyin sata game da yadi waɗanda yadi ba su cancanci haɗarin ba.
An karɓi tsarin CCS a cikin ƙa'idodin amfani?
Muna nuna wa masu siye jagororin rage amfani da wutar lantarki kamar rahoton satar jan ƙarfe na CEATI, wanda ya ƙunshi wasu hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su wajen rage amfani da jan ƙarfe, kuma masana'antarmu tana ba da tsarin CCS cikin ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki da EPC a cikin ƙasashe sama da 60. Mun san cewa karɓuwa koyaushe tana kan ƙa'idar gida, don haka ina ba da shawarar aika ajin wutar lantarki da takaddun shaida na gwaji ga injiniyan ku kafin yin tayin.
Wane aji ne ya kamata in zaɓa don amfani da na'urar samar da wutar lantarki ta substation?
Ina ambaton kashi 30% na IACS sau da yawa don haɗa shinge da kuma saman gindi; daidaito da tsawon gudu sau da yawa suna tabbatar da kashi 40%. Lissafin matsalar-lalacewar yana yanke hukunci, kuma muna samar da azuzuwan 15%, 21%, 30% da 40% a cikin kewayon 7-zuwa-37-strand iri ɗaya.
Za a iya haɗa zaren CCS ta hanyar haɗa shi da zafi kamar tagulla?
Eh — muna haɗa igiyar CCS da daidaitattun molds na exothermic waɗanda suka dace da diamita na zare, kuma tsakiyar ƙarfe ba ya tsoma baki ga walda. Muna samar da molds masu dacewa da ƙarfe na walda, don haka haɗin gwiwa da mai jagoran za su iya zuwa daga jigilar kaya ɗaya.
Yaya saurin odar maye gurbin zai iya isa bayan sata?
Ikon da muke da shi na tsawon wata-wata na CCS ya kai mita 100,000, kuma diamita na yau da kullun yana motsawa da sauri daga layukanmu. Ina shirya takardar kuɗi, jerin kayan tattarawa, takardar shaidar asali da takaddun gwaji a layi ɗaya da samarwa don haka saitin takaddun ba zai taɓa zama cikas ba.
Shin filin shara zai ƙi CCS da gaske?
Mun gano cewa yawancin yadi masu inganci suna koyon gano ƙarfen jan ƙarfe da aka lulluɓe da tagulla cikin sauri - gwajin maganadisu yana bayyana tsakiyar cikin daƙiƙa. Wasu har yanzu suna karɓar sa a farashin da ke kusa da ƙarfe, wanda shine ainihin ma'anar: ragin da ke ba da kuɗi ga satar jan ƙarfe da aka tsara ba shi da shi.
Sake rubuta mizanin tushe bayan sata?
Aiko mana da jadawalin jagoran daga bayanin da aka sata — ko kuma kawai aikin lahani da diamita da kuka yi amfani da shi a baya — kuma za mu dawo da daidai da layin CCS tare da ajin gudanarwa, ƙidayar zare, manne da dacewa da mold, da kuma ƙimar masana'anta.
Jane Yang— Manajan Talla, Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd.
Jane ta shafe shekaru 12 tana aiki a teburin fitar da kayayyaki daga masana'antarmu ta samar da ƙasa da kariya daga walƙiya, tana taimaka wa masu samar da wutar lantarki, masu sarrafa grid da masu rarrabawa wajen samo na'urorin sarrafa ƙasa masu hana sata, kayayyakin ƙarfe na CCS da na jan ƙarfe tare da cikakken tallafin gwaji da takardu.
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-14-2026