Gwaro remutungamiriri webasa remumundakutadza kwe exothermic welds— zvikonzero zvishanu zvemaitiro, nzira yekuongorora, uye nzira yekuongorora kutadza kweweld yaunogona kushandisa usati wabvisa chero chinhu.
- Kukundikana kukuru kwe "exothermic weld" kamwe kamwe hakungoerekana kwaitika: ongororo yedu yemukati ye312-failure audit (2023–2026) yakadzokorodza 86% kudzokera kune chimwe chezvikonzero zvishanu izvo vatengesi vasingawanzo nyora - hunyoro hwakavharirwa (38%), graphite yakasakara (24%), upfu husina kukura (17%), prep conductor yakasvibiswa (14%), kana nguva yekupisa inotonhora (7%).
- Joint inotaridzika zvakanaka inogona kuyera 800 micro-ohm ichienzanisa ne 30–50 micro-ohm ine hutano, nekuti kuongorora kwemaziso hakuone porosity ye conductor-side kana oxide lamination.
- Majoini akakundikana haagone kudururwazve panzvimbo yawo — deredza 50 mm yemuchina wekufambisa mvura kupfuura nzvimbo ine kupisa, ziva chikonzero chacho, wobva wagadzirazve neforoma mukati mehwindo rayo re50–100 service-cycle.
- PaChirevo cheCadweld che nVent ERICO, maitiro acho anogadzira chisungo chemamorekuru, kwete chemuchina — saka chero nzira yekukundikana inogadzira interface (moisture film, oxide lamination, void) inokunda tekinoroji kubva mukati.
- Yeduthermit welding mold mutsetseinoongororwa kuti iite ma cycles 50–100 ine ma joints 80–100 ari kushandiswa mumunda, yakagadzirwa ne premium graphite kuitira kuti gomba rirambe richishivirira kwenguva yakareba — asi chakuvhuvhu chiri kunze kwehwindo iroro hachisisiri chakuvhuvhu, imhosva.
- Mhanyai mutambo wekudyidzanaKuongorora Kukundikana Kweweldpazasi usati wacheka joini rimwe chete — sarudza chiratidzo chaunoona panzvimbo yacho wobva wawana chikonzero chingangove chiripo pamwe nematanho ekubata nawo ipapo ipapo.
Zvikamu zviviri zvakagara pabhenji rangu mwedzi wapera. Zvese zviri zviviri zvakatorwa kubva kumagridi epasi e33 kV substation. Zvese zvakatorwa mifananidzo pahukuru hwe10× hwakafanana pasi pechiedza chimwe chete. Kune mainjiniya wechidiki aiverenga mushumo wekukomekedza, zvaive zvakafanana. Kune mutengi aisaina mapepa ebvunzo, zvaive zvakafanana. Zvaive zvakasiyana.
Imwe yakayera 28 micro-ohm ndokupasa kekutanga. Imwe yakayera 640 micro-ohm ndokukundikana masikati iwayo. Mhuri imwe chete yeforoma, mupi wehupfu mumwe chete, kutenderera kwevashandi vaviri. Bead pamativi ese maviri yaitaridzika zvakanaka kumeso uye kune kamera yekupisa. Musiyano waive mu6 millimeters yemuchina wekufambisa uyo mumwe mushandi akapukuta neisopropyl pad isina lint uye mumwe akapukuta negurovhosi reganda idzva.
Musiyano iwoyo ndiwo uri kutaurwa nezvawo negwaro iri. Nekuti maitiro e exothermic akavimbika zvisingawanzoitiki mune imwe nzira chaiyo - chikanganiso chega chega chaanoita chinosiya chigunwe pachikamu chakasiyana - uye kusatendeseka zvisingawanzoitiki neimwe nzira - bead riri pamusoro rinowanzo taridzika zvakanaka kunyangwe kana chigunwe chiri pazasi chichiuraya. Zvikonzero zvishanu zvinotevera zvigunwe zvandinogara ndichiona pabhenji rangu, muhurongwa hwandinofamba nemutengi kuburikidza nazvo kana mushumo wekukomekedza wasvika zvisirizvo.
Ndakafamba kanenge mazana maviri ekufona uku mumakore matatu apfuura. Ndingada kuti mazana maviri anotevera asazomboitika. Verenga izvi kamwe chete usati wadirazve — zvakachipa pane kudirazve, uye mhinduro ndidzo dzandinopa ini pachangu.
Kuverenga Chikamu Chinokunda Kuverenga Chigamba
Mushumo wega wega wekutumwa unopinda padhesiki rangu unondiudza chinhu chimwe chete nezvekukundikana: kubatanaakatarisaZvakarurama pazuva rekubuda kwemvura. Kuongorora kwemaziso kwakabudirira. Kuongororwa kwekupisa kwakabudirira. Chikamu chekuongorora chakataura chokwadi. Iyi ndiyo nzira yandiri kukumbira kuti ushandise - uye iyo yakavakirwa pachigadziro chekuongorora chiri pasi pechinyorwa chino.
Ndakadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma pakati pa2024. Kambani yemagetsi yekuEurope yakatitumira majoini makumi maviri nematatu akatorwa kubva pagridi yepasi ye110 kV - ese akanga apedza kushanda mwedzi mitatu yapfuura, aine chimiro chebead, thermal scan, uye milliohm resistance zvese zviri pachena. Takaavhura masikati mamwe chete.17 pa23 yakaratidza zvikanganiso zvidiki zvinooneka pachikamu chakasiyana: oxide lamination pa9, maburi ekuputira pa5, pasi pekuzadza pa3. Hapana angadai akabatwa nepasi rekuona. Kambani iyi yakanga yave ichisaina majoini ayo akanga achipera chinyararire kwemakore - vakanga vasati vazviziva.
Tanga nemubvunzo wekutanga, kwete wechitatu. Kana muvaki wekambani akanditi "weld yakundikana", ndinotanga ndabvunza izvozvo ndisati ndaita chimwe chinhu:ko joini yakambopasa bvunzo yekudzivirira, kana kuti yakakundikana pakuisa joini payakatanga kuyerwa?Mhinduro yacho inochinja zvese, nekuti joini yakaora mukushanda uye joini yakanga isina kunaka kubva ku pour-day matambudziko maviri akasiyana zvachose ane zvikonzero zviviri zvakasiyana zvachose.
Maererano nemabhuku ekutarisira vakwegura pamusoro pekubatanidza magetsi akavigwa ayo US units inotaura nezvawo (NUREG-1800, mushumo weGeneralic Aging Lessons Learnedyakashandiswa kururamisa makumi emakore ekuwedzera kwehupenyu hwemiti), nzira dzakanyorwa dzekuora kwechero joini rakavigwa dzinosanganisira kupisa, kupisa kwe ohmic, kudedera, uye ngura — uye mushumo wacho wakajeka kuti idzi inzira dzinoshanda pane zvinopindirana.exothermic weld haina chinongedzo chezera, nekuti maconductor nemhangura yakanyungudutswa zvinova simbi imwe chete inoenderera mberi panguva yekuchinja. Saka kana joini ye exothermic yakadururwa zvakanaka ikatadza kushanda, kukundikana kunenge kusingamboitiki musimbi ye weld pachayo - iri muchikamu che conductor iyo weld isina kumbosvika, kana mu micro-gap iyo weld yakasiyiwa nekuti hupfu hwakanga husina kunaka pazuva rekudurura.
Chii chinonzi "chikanganiso kubva pazuva rekubuda" chinoratidzika sechinoonekwa pakuongorora kwemhosva
Majoini mazana maviri eCebu akandidzidzisa imwe nzira yakaramba iripo pamatambudziko ese andakaita kubvira ipapo. Patinocheka joini yakakundikana tobva tapukuta chikamu chepakati, tinoona chimwe chezvivako zvishanu zvinogara zvichidzokororwa, uye chimwe nechimwe chinoenderana nechimwe chezvikonzero zvishanu zvemaitiro mune chimwe chikamu chasara chechinyorwa chino:
| Chigunwe chemunwe chakachinjika | Kwekutsvaga kwairi | Mamepu ekuita kuti pave nechikonzero |
|---|---|---|
| Maburi akaungana pedyo nepamusoro pemuchina wekufambisa mhepo | Mukati mebead re weld, mukati me 1–2 mm kubva pamupendero we conductor | Chikonzero 1 — Hunyoro (hupfu, kondakita, kana kutonhora-kuoma) |
| Oxide lamination yakafanana ne axis yemutyairi | Nzvimbo yakapinza pakati pesimbi yeweld nepamusoro pemuchina wekufambisa, inoonekwa mushure mekukwesha | Chikonzero 4 — Nzira pfupi yekugadzirira dhairekitori (firimu remafuta, oxide yakasara, kusangana kweganda) |
| Hova isina kuzadzwa zvakakwana ine pamusoro pemabhedhi akachekwa | Ndiro dzepamusoro dzemabheya dziri mukati; gomba harichazadziki sezvakarongwa | Chikonzero 2 — Kupera kwevhu, kana Chikonzero 3 — Chaja yehupfu isina kukura |
| Mutsetse wakavharika nechando apo mativi maviri esimbi akatadza kubatana | Kusagadzikana kwakanyanya kwechimiro chezviyo zvakaenzana nemadziro egomba | Chikonzero 5 — Nguva yekubatidza kwechando (chikosoro chiri pasi pe ~25 °C pakubatidza) |
| Weld yakabatana kune imwe chete yema conductor maviri ari mu crossover | Zvinoonekwa kubva padivi: bead rinofukidza divi rimwe chete re crossover peya | Chikonzero 3 — Kusakwana kwehupfu, kana kusarongeka kwechimiro pakuvharika |
Kana wangodzidza kuverenga zvigunwe zvishanu izvi, hurukuro yekugadzirisa matambudziko inorega kuva yekufungidzira. Zvimwe zviri mugwaro iri zvinotevedzana nenzira yandingaongorora panzvimbo iyi, nedanho rekusimbisa rinozvisimbisa usati wacheka joini rimwe chete.
Hunyoro Ndihwo Hunokonzera Chaizvo Here Kana Thermit Weld Yakundikana?
Hunyoro ndihwo hunonyanya kundikanganisa nekuti ndihwo hunonyanya kufadza uye hunokanganwira zvikuru. Mhangura yakanyungudutswa inobva mu exothermic reaction inogara pa 1,083 °C — nzvimbo yekunyunguduka kwemhangura — uye panguva yainosangana nemvura, mvura iyoyo inofashaira kuita utsi uye inowedzera kanenge ka1,700 muhuwandu. Utsi hunodzokera nesimbi yakanyungudutswa, hunosiya nzira yemaburi, uye mubatanidzwa wacho unokanganiswa usati watombotonhora.OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.252 (Kubatanidza, Kucheka, uye Kusunga - Zvinodiwa Zvakajairika), nzira imwe chete iyi yakakonzera kukuvara kwakawanda kwekubatidza uye kupiswa kwevashandi kupfuura chero imwe zvikanganiso zve exothermic process.
Chikonzero nei izvi zvichikundikana chinyararire ndechekuti hunyoro hune nzvimbo nhatu dzekuvanda, uye imwe chete yadzo iri pachena. Muongororo yedu ye312-failure, hunyoro hunokonzerwa nekukundikana hwakaratidza chiratidzo chekudzivirira: kuverenga kuri pakati pe580 ne940 micro-ohm pamatanho akafanana ekufambisa anowanzo svika 30 kusvika 50 micro-ohm — 15-kusvika-25× inopona kupisa asi isingaponi kuchekwa kwechikamu.
- Upfu hwakanyorova.Chikonzero chinonyanya kukonzera kutadza kushanda zvakanaka. Upfu hunotumirwa mumagaba akavharwa nechikonzero - kana gaba ravhurwa, zviri mukati zvinova zvakapfava uye zvinotora hunyoro hwemhepo munzvimbo dziri kumahombekombe mukati memaawa mashoma. Katuriji "inotaridzika seyakaoma" haina kuoma.
- Madhairekita ane hunyoro.Tambo yemhangura nesimbi yakaputirwa nemhangura zvose zvinochengeta hunyoro mukati metambo. Tambo yakachengetwa isina kufukidzwa panzvimbo iyi panguva yemvura inonyorova mukati kunyangwe kunze kwayo kuchiratidzika kunge kwakaoma, uye pamusoro pakaomeswa nemwenje unotora hunyoro mukati memaminitsi mashoma mumhepo ine hunyoro.
- Kutonhora-kuoma.Chiumbwa chegrafiti chakaburitswa muchitoro chine mhepo inotonhorera pa18°C mangwanani chinodziya ne32°C, chine hunyoro hwe85% chichaunganidza firimu remvura pamadziro ayo vasati vashandi vaisa kondakita panzvimbo yacho. Dururiro rinozobata firimu iroro pakati pemadziro echiumbwa nesimbi yakanyungudutswa.
Kuongororwa kweCebu mushure mekufa mumitsara mitatu
Majoini eCebu akatadza kushanda nekuti hupfu hwakagara pachiteshi chakanyoroveswa nemvura uye vashandi vakavhura magaba mangwanani ekudururwa. Vakashandisa hupfu hwacho nekuti hwairatidzika kunge hwakaoma - uye pasi pebead, pane imwe neimwe joini yakakundikana, yakaratidza maitiro chaiwo egomba rekuputira mvura rinosiyiwa nemhepo inofefetera. Kuongorora kwemaminetsi makumi maviri ekubvisa mvura mumakatriji matatu emuenzaniso usati wadururwa kwaizobata boka rese, uye vashandi vangadai vakaziva kuti vaizoisa mamwe ese muchivande.
Mould Yako yeGraphite Yakasakara Here?
Ichi ndicho chikonzero chinoita kuti vatengesi vabate zvakanyanya, nekuti nzira yekukundikana haionekwe nemutengi uye huwandu hwenguva yekushanda kwemotokari chinhu chinongozivikanwa nemutengesi chete.Mabhuku ezvigadzirwa zveCadweld zvenVent ERICOinoyera graphite molds pamatanho ekusevhisi angangoita makumi mashanu kusvika zana, uye pamutsetse wedu tinoyera yeduthermit welding moldspanguva imwe cheteyo ye50 kusvika ku100, nemajoini 80 kusvika ku100 ari kushandiswa mumunda nguva dzose. Mushure meizvozvo, gomba racho rave rakukurwa zvakakwana zvekuti gomba repombi harichakwanisi kuyera simbi yakanyungudutswa kuti ipinde mujoini.
Chiratidzo chechokwadi cheforoma yakasakara hachisi chekutsemuka kwaunogona kuona - ibhero reweld richirasikirwa nechimiro charo chemutsago uye richitanga kukanda mukati. Foroma itsva inogadzira bead rinogara zvinyoro nyoro pamusoro pemuchina wekufambisa, nekuti poda inozadza zvishoma gomba uye yakawandisa inopinda mu riser. Foroma yakasakara inozadza pasi, nekuti gomba racho rakura zvakakwana zvekuti poda imwe cheteyo haichina imwe yekuwedzera. Vashandi vanobhadhara nekuwedzera poda, iyo inozopisa gomba racho zvakanyanya uye inokurumidza kupera - feedback loop inotora madonhwe makumi maviri akaipa kuti iparadze foroma zvachose.
Maitiro ekuongorora mhando yeforoma yausina kutenga kubva kwatiri
Muna 2023 mutengi akagara nhaka maforoma 47 kubva kumutengesi akanga asisashande uye akatikumbira kuti tiaise muzvikamu tisati tadira rimwe nerimwe. Takayera foroma yega yega zvichienderana nehuremu hwayo hwekutanga uye takaita cheki yezvikamu zvishanu paforoma yega yega ine huremu hunopfuura magiramu 30.11 pa47 vakanga varasikirwa neanopfuura magiramu makumi mashanu— kupfuura nguva yavo yebasa rechokwadi — uye imwe neimwe yeaya gumi nerimwe yakagadzira majoini ane pamusoro pemabhena akaputsika akakundikana bvunzo yechikamu chepakati mukati mekudurura katatu. Takatsiva iwayo gumi nerimwe, tikagadzirisa bhajeti rekutenderera, uye mwero wekukundikana kwemutengi papurojekiti iyoyo wakadzikira kubva pa1 pa5 joini kusvika pasi pe1 pa50. Ndiyo mamiriro edambudziko rinokonzereswa neforoma isina kuvhurwa.
Kana wakagara nhaka mapundu kubva kune mumwe mutengesi, yera imwe uchienzaniswa nepundu rinozivikanwa rine geometry yakafanana. Pundu regirafiti rinorasikirwa nemagiramu matatu kusvika masere padanho rega rega nekuda kwekukukurwa kwemvura nekupisa; mapundu ane magiramu makumi mashanu pasi pehuremu hwaro hwekutanga ave nematanho akawanda kupfuura ayo anobvumidzwa. Chechipiri, tarisa chimiro chepundu reweld mukati memapombi mashanu ekupedzisira - kana paine rimwe rawo rakaiswa mukati, pundu racho rasundirwa kunze kwehwindo rayo rebasa rechokwadi.IEEE Std 837-2014, chimiro chekukodzera kubatana kwepasi kwechiteshi chepasi zvachose, chimiro chenzvimbo yeweld chikamu cheuchapupu hwekukodzera - saka chakuvhuvhu chakasakara hachisi njodzi yemhando chete, asi njodzi yekutevedzera mitemo inopesana nechiyero chakatsanangurwa pajointi.
Kuchaja kweupfu husina kukura kunogona kukanganisa maWeld ako chinyararire here?
Upfu hunouya muhukuru hwakajairika hwemakatriji nekuda kwechikonzero.Nekuti chiyero chehupfu-ku-mhangura-hukuru ndicho chinochinja chinosarudza kana reaction ichiburitsa kupisa kwakakwana kuti inyungudise zvizere chikamu chemuchina wekufambisa, kana katuriji ikasakura inogadzira joint inodurura yakasimba kunze asi isina kusanganiswa zvakanaka pa conductor interface.Bead rinotaridzika zvakanaka. Kuramba kuripo kunotaura chokwadi mushure memwedzi mitanhatu kana jointi yatanga kupisa pasi pesimba rekutanga.
Takanyora izvi chaizvo munyaya ya2024 muWest Africa. Mukondirakiti akaraira majoini e exothermic 600 egrid yepasi ye 66 kV uye akabvuma mutengo we #115 cartridges asina kusimbisa musanganiswa we conductor - iyo yaive 95 mm² / 95 mm² cable pair yaida #150. Mutengesi akatumira #115. Joini yega yega yakadururwa zvakanaka. Joini yega yega yakapasa commission pa 60 kusvika 90 micro-ohm inoratidzika kunge ine hutano. Mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare, 38 yemajoini ekutanga 200 akaedzwa akanga anyura pamusoro pe 800 micro-ohm pasi pemutoro. Hatina kuona kusawirirana kwe cartridge kusvika mutengi atitumira sampuro yakakundikana uye takaicheka - bead yaive yemabhuku, asi conductor-to-weld interface yakaratidza micro-gap inoenderera mberi inenge 0.2 mm yakafara.Bead raive rechokwadi; katuriji raive risiri iro; mutengi akaribhadhara pakudzoreredza uye kushanya kwewarantiMhando dzese dziri mbiri dzekukundikana uku dziripo — kuchinjana kwevashandi nekupana kwevatengesi zvisina kuvimbika — uye dzese dziri mbiri dzinogumira panzvimbo imwe chete: bead rakanaka, mukaha wakavanzika padanho remuchina, uye kuramba kunowedzera gore negore.
Ko mashortcut ekugadzirira mafambiro emuchina ndiwo here anokonzera kusagadzikana kwakanyanya kwemajoini?
Ndakaona vashandi vachipedza maminitsi makumi maviri vachichenesa chikamu chinoonekwa chetambo yemhangura uye vachisvetuka chikamu chinopinda mukati megomba remold, nekuti pepa respec rinoti "yakachena kusvika yakajeka simbi" pasina kutaura kuti sei.Nekuti chisungo chinoumbwa pamusoro pemuchina wekufambisa mvura uri mukati megomba panguva yekudururwa, chikamu chakasvibiswa pasi pegomba chinoumba joini inoenderera mberi nesimbi kunze uye ine oxide-laminated mukati.
Kusvibiswa kwandinonyanya kuona pakuchekwa kwesimbi hakusi tsvina - iminwe. Vashandi vanobata chikamu chemuchina wekufambisa mvura chinopinda muforoma, vosiya firimu remafuta rakatetepa kubva paganda ravo, uye mhangura yakanyungudutswa haigone kunyorovesa nefirimu iroro kuti ibatanidzwe nesimbi yepasi. Mugumisiro wacho unova kubatana kwesimbi inoenderera mberi pakati pesimbi inoweld nesimbi inofambisa mvura, uye oxide plane ndiyo chaiyo nzira iyo NUREG-1800 inonyora senzira yekuora pasi pekupisa.
Ndakafambisa mutengi kuburikidza nekudzidziswazve gore rapera mushure mekunge substation yavo yechitatu yakatevedzana yagadzira majoini ane simba rinopfuura 800 micro-ohm pakuiswa - chigunwe chimwe chete nguva dzese: oxide lamination yakafanana ne conductor axis, isingaonekwe kubva kunze kwe cavity. Vashandi vakanga vachichenesa chikamu chinoonekwa che conductor neruoko rwakaputirwa magirovhosi, ndokuzoisa tambo pasi pa drum rine guruva kwemaminitsi makumi matatu zvakatora kuti mold isvike panzvimbo yayo. Zvitatu zvakachinja zvakaivhara: bhurasho rakapinza rakatsaurirwa pa conductor material, isopropyl wipe pajira risina lint, uye mutemo wekuti chikamu chakacheneswa chaifanira kubva pa bhurasho chichipinda mu cavity - hapana kusangana neganda, hapana kuiswa pa drum zvakare. Kuwanda kwavo kwakanyanya kwekudzivirira kwakadzikira kubva pa12% yemajoini kusvika pasi pe1% mukati me200 drum dzakatevera, uye 1% yakasara yakadzokera kumashure kune nhengo mbiri dzevashandi dzakanga dzisati dzadzidza nezvechidzidzo chitsva.
Chikonzero chandinodoma shanduko idzi ndechekuti imwe neimwe yadzo yakanga yatove mugwaro rayo rakanyorwa. Maitiro acho akanga asina kuteererwa nekuti hapana akamboona kutadza kubva pagurovhosi, uye pepa rematsanangudzo harina kuratidza kuti link yacho yainge yakanganisa.Nekuti chisungo chinoumbwa pamusoro pemuchina wekufambisa mvura uri mukati megomba panguva yekudururwa kwemvura, basa rese rekuchenesa rinongoshanda chete pamamirimita makumi matatu kusvika makumi mashanu anopinda mugomba - uye ndipo panogonawo kusvetuka danho.Kuchenesa 200 mm yemuchina unooneka hakurevi chinhu kana 40 mm yekupedzisira iri mukati megomba yakawana oxide film kana chigunwe mumasekondi makumi matanhatu isati yadururwa.
Nguva Yekupisa Kwechando Ndiyo Inokonzera Kukundikana Kwako Kwemangwanani Here?
Ichi ndicho chikonzero chekuti hapana anonyora, nekuti zvinonzwika sekukanganisa kwemushandisi kwete sekukanganisa kwemaitiro. Chokwadi ndechekuti maitiro e exothermic akagadzirirwa kutenderedza thermal envelope chaiyo, uye mold iri pasi pe25 °C panguva yekubatidza inoita zvakasiyana neyakanga yadziiswa kare. Upfu hwekutanga hunobatidza, reaction front inopararira kuburikidza nekuchaja, asi mhangura yakanyungudutswa inorasikirwa nekupisa kuenda ku graphite inotonhora nekukurumidza kupfuura reaction inogona kuizadzisa, uye simbi inosvika pa conductor cavity iri pasi pe fusion tembiricha. Bead ichiri kuumbwa. Kubatanidzwa hakuna kukwana.
Iri idambudziko guru rekuchinja kwemangwanani munzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze anodziya kana anotonhora, uye idambudziko guru rekuchinja kwemasikati munzvimbo dzinopisa uko vashandi vanotonhodza mold dzavo mumhepo inotonhorera kuti "dzichengetedze". Chero tsika ipi zvayo inogadzira maitiro akafanana ekukundikana: mutsetse unotonhora apo mativi maviri esimbi akasangana asi haana kubatana zvizere, unoonekwa pachikamu chakati sandara sekusagadzikana kwakapinza muchimiro chezviyo zvakaenzana nemadziro emukati. Pachirongwa cheSingapore data center muna 2024, vashandi vakachengeta mold dzavo dzegraphite muimba yekuchengetera ine mhepo inotonhorera ye19 °C pakati pekudira kusvika pakuoxidation inononoka yegraphite. Nzvimbo yekudira pachayo yaive pa31 °C uye hunyoro hwe78%. Takayera tembiricha yepamusoro pemold pakupisa mumajoini gumi nemaviri emangwanani: 8 pa12 akabuda mukuchengetedza ari pasi pe22 °C, uye matanhatu pa8 iwayo akaita kuti cold-shut failures pachikamu chakati sandara. Gadziriso yacho yaive shanduko imwe chete yekushanda - nzvimbo yekuchengetera usiku hwese mukamuri rine tembiricha yekunze kwete mukamuri rine mhepo inotonhorera - uye mwero wekukundikana kwemagetsi mangwanani wakaderera kusvika pazero muvhiki rinotevera. Masvomhu acho haakanganwiki: 5°C yega yega mold iri pasi pe25°C pakupisa kwemagetsi inowedzera mwero wekuvharwa kwemagetsi, uye pasi pe20°C inova modhi inotonga yekukundikana kwemagetsi.
Rondedzero yeForensic: Zvekuita Kana Joint Yakundikana Kutumira Basa
Kana mutengi akandifonera aine joint yakundikana, mubvunzo wekutanga wandinobvunza ndeuyo unosarudza zvese zvandichataura:ko joini yakambopasa bvunzo yekudzivirira, kana kuti yakakundikana pakuisa joini payakatanga kuyerwa?Mhinduro iyoyo ndiyo inosarudza kuti ndeipi pamishanu inotevera yandichaongorora, uye kuti ndakatevedzana sei. Heino nzira chaiyo yandinoshandisa pakufona kana vhidhiyo - haisi template yakajairika, asi kurongeka kunowanzoonekwa neuchapupu.
Kana sangano risingakwanise kushanda:Ndinotanga nebatch yeupfu. Pamaawa gumi ega ega ekushanda, ndinoona zvikanganiso zvina kubva pahunyoro husina munhu akabatwa pazuva rekudira, uye ndicho chikonzero chinokurumidza kusimbisa kana kusabvuma - maminetsi mashanu pafoni neforomani uye bvunzo yekukurumidzira yekubvisa tsvina pacartridge yemuenzaniso inondiudza kana batch yese ichida kuiswa muchivande. Kana upfu hwapera, ndinoenda kulog yemold ndoyera suspect mold zvichienderana nehuremu hwayo hwekutanga. Kana zvese zvapera, ndinocheka joint imwe pa bandsaw ndotarisa chikamu chepakati - maminetsi mashanu ebasa rinogadzirisa mamwe 30% ezviitiko pakati pezvikonzero zvina zvasara. Mukuferefeta kweCebu, iyi ndiyo nzira yakatitora kubva "majoints mazana maviri akakundikana" kuenda "kugaba rega rega kubva pakutumirwa kunofungidzirwa kwanyorova" mukati memaawa maviri ekufamba nemutengi kuburikidza nekutarisa paWhatsApp.
Kana boka revashandi rakapasa basa asi rave kutadza kushanda:Ndinosiya zvachose kuongororwa kwehupfu ndobva ndaenda zvakananga kune chikamu chakatorwa. Joint yakabudirira kushanda inowanzova nedambudziko rayo kudivi remuchina wekugadzirisa kwete musimbi yesimbi pachayo, uye chikamu chakatorwa chinondiudza kana chiri chikanganiso chekugadzirira muchina wekugadzirisa weCause 4 chakarasika pakuedza kwekudzivirira, kana kuti Cause 2 mold yakasiya bead isina kuzadzwa zvakanaka ndokurega ivhu richichinja-chinja kwemukana kwemakore.
Ndiyo nzira chaiyo yekuongorora. Handiiti zvese zvishanu pakutadza kwega kwega nekuti 80% yenguva imwe chete kana mbiri dzinogadzirisa nyaya yacho — uye mutengi akatarisa mushumo wekupa mvumo wakundikana haadi runyorwa rwekutarisa, anoda kurongeka kwekushanda.
Kana kutadza kukapona matanho ese ari maviri (hupfu neforoma zvakachena, kucheneswa kwechikamu chakasiyana), dambudziko rinenge riri rezvakatipoteredza — ivhu, mafungu akatsauka, kana galvanic corrosion kuwana chinongedzo chakasiyiwa — uye hurukuro inofanira kuchinja kubva pakuita kuenda kune dhizaini. Hurukuro iyoyo inyaya yayo pachayo.
Kudzora Kudzora: Kuderedza, Kwete Kugadzirisazve Nzvimbo
Kana joini yakundikana, kugadzirisa kwakakodzera chete ndekwekucheka kupfuura nzvimbo ine kupisa uye kugadzira kondakita kubva pakutanga. Kudurura simbi itsva yeweld pamusoro pejoini yakundikana hakusanganisi simbi itsva kune yekare nenzira yakavimbika, nekuti interface yekutanga yatogadzira simbi yayo uye chero porosity yakavharirwa inova nzvimbo ye nucleation yekukundikana kunotevera. Kucheka kumashure kunofanirwa kunge kuri 50 mm ye conductor yakachena kumativi ese ejoini yekutanga, mold itsva inofanira kunge iri mukati mehuwandu hwayo hwe cycle, uye batch yeupfu inofanira kunge iri kubva mugaba idzva rakavhurwa, rakasimbiswa-rakaoma.
Kuronga mutengo kunokosha pano, nekuti chinhu chinodhura pane jointi yakakundikana ndechekuisiya wova netariro. Kudirazve kunodhura hafu yezuva yenguva yevashandi, kutenderera kwemould itsva, uye katuriji itsva yeupfu - zvinhu zvishoma pabhajeti re substation. Jointi yakakundikana yakasiyiwa mukushanda inodhura kontrakita kufona kwewaranti, kushanyazve kwekomisheni, uye kurasikirwa nechivimbo chemutengi pane tender inotevera; pagridi yemagetsi zvinogona kureva kutsiva grid zvishoma uye mwedzi yekunonoka kwekomisheni. Masvomhu anowanzo farira kudirazve hafu yezuva, uye kudira kechipiri ndiyo nzvimbo yechisikigo yekuvandudza mould kana kutadza kwacho kuchiratidza kusakara. Tinotumira yedumapundu ekushongedza exothermicnerogi rema cycle rakarongwa kuitira kuti vatengi vagone kutevera nhoroondo yemold yega yega muprojekiti, uye log imwecheteyo inofanira kufamba nechero mold inofamba pakati penzvimbo. Mold yausingakwanise kufunga nezvayo imold yausingakwanise kuvimba nayo.
| Chikonzero | Zvekusimbisa panzvimbo iyi | Nguva pajoini |
|---|---|---|
| Hunyoro | Kuyedza desiccant pa cartridge yemuenzaniso; kuyedza kupukuta neconductor; tembiricha yepamusoro pemould ≥ 30 °C | 2 maminiti |
| Kupfekwa kwevhu | Chinyorwa chekutenderera kwemould; chimiro chebeads pamatanho mashanu ekupedzisira; huremu hwemould vs huremu hwekutanga | 1 miniti |
| Upfu hwakaderera | Saizi yekaturiji uchienzaniswa nehurongwa hwemutyairi; kutarisa kuvimbika kwebatch | 1 miniti |
| Kugadzirira kwemutyairi | Kuongorora simbi yakajeka; hapana kusangana kweganda mushure mekuchenesa; ≤ hwindo rakavhurika kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu | 1 miniti |
| Kupisa kunotonhora | Thermometer ye infrared kana contact thermometer paforoma payakabatidzwa; dziyai kana pasi pe 25 °C | masekondi makumi matatu |
Maitiro Ekuongorora Mutengesi Wako Wazvino Pasina Kutuka Munhu
Mazhinji emashoko andinoita panyaya iyi haatangi nekukundikana. Anotanga nemutengi achangobva kukumbirwa kuti anyorese mutengesi mutsva, kana mainjiniya akagara nhaka nzira yaasina kugadzira, uye vanoda kuziva mibvunzo yekubvunza vasati vakundikana. Shanduro yechokwadi yehurukuro iyoyo ndeyekuti anenge mutengesi wese anogona kutumira mold inoshanda pazuva rekubuda kwemvura. Mubvunzo wakaoma ndewekuti vanogona here kunyora kuti nei chigadzirwa chavo chakashanda, uye kana mhinduro yacho ikashanda kana isingashande.
Mibvunzo mitatu inoparadzanisa mutengesi chaiye kubva kune anoderedza mutengo pane dambudziko iri, uye ndaizotsanangura mutengi wese maererano naro nenzira iyi.
- "Ndiratidze template yako yekunyora zvakanyorwa zvemold cycle."Mutengesi anonyora nhamba dzema "cycles" mutengesi anoziva kuti ma "molds" anopera. Mutengesi asingadaro anotsamwisa dambudziko rako rikava rake.
- "Kutevedza kwako hupfu hwebatch kwakadini?"Kani rega rega rinofanira kunge riine nhamba yebatch, zuva rekugadzirwa, uye chiratidzo che container yakavharwa. Mutengesi anoisazve hupfu hwakawanda mumakani asina kunyorwa injodzi yehunyoro mugaba.
- "Chii chaunofunga nezvekutsiva katuriji kadiki kadiki?"Mhinduro yechokwadi ndeyekuti "tinoramba odha kusvika masimbisa saizi yemutyairi." Mhinduro ine njodzi ndeyekuti "tinogona kutumira kani diki nhasi."
Ndakaona mibvunzo yese iyi ichirambidza mutengesi kamwechete. Mubvunzo 1 wakagumisa hukama nekambani yekutengesa gore rapfuura - vakatadza kugadzira template ye cycle log nekuti vakanga vasati vambokumbira fekitori yavo, uye pavakabvunza, fekitori haina kukwanisa kugadzirawo. Mubvunzo 2 wakatanga basa rekurongedzazve muna 2023: mutengesi wemumba aitenga hupfu hwakawanda nekirogiramu ndokuhudururira muma mini-can asina zita kuti atengeswe kunze kwenyika, pasina nhamba ye batch pamakani uye pasina chiratidzo che sealed-container. Takabvisa maodha edu vhiki imwe chete. Mubvunzo 3 ndiwo wandinonyanya kumanikidza, nekuti unoedza kana mutengesi achasarudza kuvimbika kwejoint yako pane purogiramu yako yekutenga - uye mhinduro inokuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezvemakore mashanu anotevera ekushanda navo.
Takavaka magwaro edu ekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika achienderana nemibvunzo iyi mitatu nekuti ndiyo mibvunzo yatinoongorora kukundikana kwedu. Ndiyo mibvunzo yandaizobvunzawo, dai ndaiva mutengi.
Kuongorora Kukundikana Kweweld — Sarudza Chiratidzo Chaunoona Mumunda
Usati wacheka joini rimwe chete, tanga nekuongorora uku. Sarudza chiratidzo chinoenderana nezvauri kuona panzvimbo yacho - chimiro chemufananidzo, chemagetsi, kana kuti nguva - uye chishandiso chinochidzosera kuzvikonzero zvishanu zviri pamusoro apa, chinokupa kuverenga kwechivimbo, uye chinoronga matanho ekutanga ekutora usati wadira rimwe. Uyu ndiwo muti wesarudzo wandinotumira mutengi pafoni kana foni yakundikana.
Maburi kana maburi anoonekwa pamusoro pemabhedhi
Bead rinoiswa mukati kana kuti rinoonekwa serisina kuzadzwa zvakakwana pakati
Mutsetse wakapinza unoonekwa pachikamu chakachinjika apo mativi maviri esimbi akatadza kubatana
Weld yakabatana chete nekondakita imwe chete ye crossover pair
Bead rinotaridzika zvakanaka, asi resistance inokwira (inopfuura ~200 µΩ) kana yaiswa pabasa
Kuramba kwaigamuchirwa pakutumirwa kwemabasa asi kwaikwira gore negore
Kukundikana kunoitika chete pakutanga kweshanduko, zvinozodzoka pakati pemangwanani
Kukundikana kweboka pakupera kwehuwandu hweupfu / kutumira kumwe chete
Mould yadarika macycles makumi mashanu, kana kuti wakaitora nhaka isina cycle log
- Simbisa saizi yekaturiji uchienzanisa nemusanganiswa wemuchina wekufambisa — chaji isina kukura ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kusakwana kwekubatanidza muchina mumwe chete.
- Ongorora kurongeka kwemold: hafu mbiri idzi dzinofanira kuvhara zvakanaka pamutsetse wepakati pemuchina wekufambisa pasina chiedza chezuva chinoonekwa.
- Tarisa dhisiki resimbi — rinofanira kugara pakati pegomba repombi risati rabatidzwa, risingambofambi.
- Gadzirirazve jira remuchina wekufambisa mvura nebhurashi idzva uye chidzikiso che isopropyl usati wadira mvura inotevera.
- Tora mufananidzo wejoini rakakanganisika uye kurongeka kwayo usati waparadza kuitira kuti kudira kunotevera kugone kuongororwa.
Kuongorora kunoratidza chiratidzo chimwe chete kune chimwe chikonzero chingangove chakakonzerwa nematanho akasiyana-siyana kubva muzvikanganiso 312 zvakanyorwa zvakaongororwa nefekitori yedu pakati pa2023 na2026. Kana zviratidzo zviviri zvikapindirana, tarisa chechipiri zvakasiyana - zvicharatidza chikonzero chimwe chete mu80% yezviitiko zvakabatana.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa Nezve Exothermic Welds Dzakakundikana
Ndingaziva sei kana exothermic weld yakundikana kana ichiri kuita seyakasimba?
Kushanda kwe thermit weld kwakundikana kunogona kutaridzika zvakanaka kunze asi kuchiramba kuri joint isina kunaka. Zviratidzo zvinovimbika ndezvemagetsi: kuverenga kwe milliohm resistance kunokwira gore negore, mufananidzo wekupisa unotorwa pasi pemutoro unoratidza joint ichipisa kupfuura conductor, kana denderedzwa re green copper carbonate panzvimbo yekubuda ye conductor. Kuongorora kwekuona chete kunongobata zvikanganiso zvakanyanya - porosity inobuda pamusoro kana kushaikwa kwezadza pagomba repombi.
Ko weld ye exothermic yakundikana inogona kusungirirwazve panzvimbo yayo here, kana kuti kondakita inofanira kuchekwa?
Unofanira kucheka uchipfuura nzvimbo ine kupisa wobva wagadzirazve conductor itsva. Kudurura simbi itsva ye weld pamusoro pejoin yakundikana hakusanganisi simbi itsva nemhangura yekare nenzira yakavimbika nekuti interface yekutanga yatogadzira simbi yayo uye chero porosity yakavharirwa inova nzvimbo ye nucleation yekukundikana kunotevera. Mukuita, join yakundikana zvinoreva kucheka 50 mm ye conductor kumativi ese, kuchenesa kuita simbi yakajeka, uye kushandisa graphite mold itsva - uye chete mushure mekunge waona chikonzero chikuru.
Chii chinoita kuti hunyoro huve mukati me exothermic weld?
Mhangura yakanyungudutswa inobva mu exothermic reaction inogara pa 1,083 °C, uye chero mvura yakavharirwa mugomba remold, pa conductor, kana mu powder flash-flares kuti iite utsi panguva iyo simbi yasvika. Utsi hunokura kanenge ka1,700 muhuwandu uye hunomanikidza kubuda nepakati pesimbi yakanyungudutswa, zvichisiya maburi emhepo uye oxide-laminated joint. Muzviitiko zvakanyanya kunyorwa, kuputika kweutsi kwakaburitsa simbi yakanyungudutswa kubva mu crucible uye yakabatidzwa zvinhu zvakakomberedza - iyi ndiyo imwe yenjodzi dzinonyanya kuratidzwa muOSHA pamabasa e thermit-weld.
Chiumbwa che graphite exothermic welding chinofanira kugara kwenguva yakareba sei?
Pamutsetse wedu tinoyera ma "graphite molds" pa50 kusvika ku100 service cycles, uye ma "joints" 80 kusvika ku100 anoshandiswa nguva dzose mumunda, nekuti kudira kwega kwega kunobvisa gomba uye zvishoma nezvishoma kunoita kuti gomba repombi riwedzere kukura. "Fold" inenge yasundirwa kupfuura nhamba yayo ye "cycle" inotanga kugadzira ma "joints" asina kuzadzwa zvakakwana, uye vanoishandisa vanoigadzirisa nekuwedzera hupfu - iyo inozopisa gomba racho zvakanyanya uye inokurumidza kupera. Chiratidzo chechokwadi hachisi chekutsemuka kwaunogona kuona; i "weld bead" inorasikirwa nechimiro chayo chepillow uye inotanga kuisa mukati.
Sei weld yangu ye exothermic ichitaridzika zvakanaka asi ichiramba zvakanyanya pakuisa?
Kudzivirira kwakanyanya paweld inotaridzika zvakanaka nguva dzose kunodzokera kune chimwe chezvinhu zvitatu: kondakita haina kucheneswa kuita simbi yakajeka pasi pegomba reweld, hupfu hwakanga husina kukura zvakanyanya kune kondakita, kana kuti mold yakakanganiswa saka simbi yakanyungudutswa yakabatanidza kondakita panzvimbo pekubatanidza zvese. Weld yakanaka uye weld isingadziviriri zvakanyanya hazvisi zvinhu zvakafanana, nekuti kuyerwa kwekudzivirira kunotorwa pajoin, kwete kuburikidza nebead. Takaona majoin ane mabead akanaka achiyera 800 micro-ohm achipesana ne30 kusvika 50 micro-ohm ine hutano pa30 kusvika 50 micro-ohm pavavakidzani vakafanana.
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pekukundikana kwe exothermic weld uye weld isina kunaka kubva pakutanga?
Kukundikana kweweld ye exothermic ijoini rinoita nemazvo pakuisa uye rozoora pakushanda — kazhinji kuburikidza nekuora pa conductor interface iyo weld haina kumbobvira yasvika, kuburikidza ne thermal cycling iyo yakavhura micro-gap, kana kuburikidza nekukanganiswa kwemakanika. Weld isina kunaka haina kumbobvira yanaka: yaidururirwa nehupfu hwakanyorova, gap yakakura, chakuvhuvhu chakasakara, kana conductor yakasviba, uye kutadza kunoratidzwa pakuiswa kana bvunzo yekutanga yekutakura. Kusiyanisa zvinhu zviviri izvi nekuti kutadza kunowanzo ratidza dambudziko rezvakatipoteredza, nepo kutadza kuchinongedzera kudambudziko re process kana remupi.
Jane YangManeja weKutengesa, Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd.
Makore gumi nemaviri mukudzivirira mheni uye kudzivirira kutengeserana kwekunze · Makore gumi nemanomwe ekugadzira mafekitori mushure mekurudziro yega yega.
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Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-31-2026