Gwaro reruzivo rweminda yemainjiniya eEPC ezuva: kuti maelectrode 4,200 emakemikari ekugadzika akatumirwa kufekitori ye150 MW yeSaudi PV akachengetedza sei 3.1 Ω pad resistance kwemakore mashanu pavhu re1,800 Ω·cm - uye matanho ekutenga, kuisa, uye kuongorora akatisvitsa ipapo.

Ruzivo rwenyaya iyi rwunobva kufekitari yemagetsi yeSaudi PV ye150 MW yakasvika kwatiri muna Nyamavhuvhu 2020 semubvunzo wenguva dzose. EPC iri muMadrid yakachinja kubva pamutengo wechinhu chimwe nechimwe kuenda kune yakatarwa mune email yechipiri - mainjiniya wavo mukuru akararama kuburikidza nepurojekiti ye50 MW muna 2018 apo zvinhu zvakagadziriswa zvakapfuura margin yemagetsi ekubata mugore rechitatu. Chinotevera ndechekutevedzana kwekutenga, kuisa, uye kuongorora kwakaburitsa avhareji ye3.1 Ω / 4.7 Ω yakaipisisa / makore mashanu ekuchengetedza - uye boka rimwe chete revatengesi rakapotsa raputsa.

1. Chinhu Chisina Kugadziriswa Chakatanga Nechirimwa Chisina Kugadzirwa Netsvimbo Yakadiridzwa

Kukundikana kwaireva kwaive fekitari ye50 MW yekuChilean PV yakashandiswa muna 2018 netsvimbo dzemhando yepamusoro dzinofambiswa nemhangura uye kudiridza kwemwedzi mitanhatu. Pakazosvika gore rechitatu, hwindo remagetsi ekubata pamapadhi matanhatu einverter rakanga rapfuura muganho wedhizaini nekuti kushanya kaviri kwekudiridza kwakarongwa muna 2020 kwakasiiwa (zvirambidzo zvekufamba neCOVID). Tsvimbo dzakanga dzisina kukundikana — dzakanga dzaoma. Kusakwanisa kushandisa mapad kwakapfuura muganhu we5 Ω pamapadhi matatu pamatanhatu.

Ndiwo mukaha wekushanda unovharwa ne chemical grounding electrode. Chigadzirwa chedu isimbi ine mhangura (17.2 mm kusvika 25.4 mm) mukati me 100 mm kusvika 150 mm augered annulus, yakazadzwa ne hygroscopic compound - bentonite ivhu rakasanganiswa ne magnesium sulfate uye chinhu chinochengetedza hunyoro. Musanganiswa uyu unotora hunyoro hwemhepo uye unohubata pamusoro petsvimbo; magnesium sulfate inochengetedza huwandu hwevhu huchienderera mberi. Mugumisiro wedanho remuti ndewekuti hwindo rekubata-voltage rinogara mukati memuganhu wekugadzira kwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu ehupenyu hwekugadzira, uye kudiridza kunoderera kubva muchirongwa cheO&M.

Pachirongwa cheSaudi, musiyano uripo pakati petsvimbo yakadiridzwa nemvura neelectrode yemakemikari waive chibvumirano chemakore mashanu cheO&M icho EPC yaive ichinyora muchinhu ichi pazuva rekutanga. Kana furemu iyoyo yangopinda mukamuri, mutengo wepachikamu chimwe nechimwe unova chinhu chinodzivirirwa.

2. Mepu Yekusimba Kwevhu Yakasarudza Maerekitirodhi 4,200

Mhinduro yechokwadi kunaelectrode yemakemikari inorega rini kuva sarudzondiyo mepu inoratidza kuti ivhu harina kusimba. Pachigadzirwa cheSaudi takaita ongororo yeWenner ine mapini mana padanho re1.8 km² nepini pakadzika kweelectrode (1.5 m ne3.0 m probes). Tsanangudzo iri pazasi ndiyo yandinoshandisa kana EPC ikabvunza mubvunzo mumwe chete papurojekiti itsva.

Nhamba inokosha ndeyekuverenga kwe resistivity pakadzika kwe electrode yakarongwa, kwete kuverenga pamusoro.Panzvimbo yeSaudi, kuverenga kwenzvimbo ine mapini mana kwaive pa380 Ω·cm (zvingadai zvakaratidza kuti tsvimbo inofambiswa yaikwana); kuverenga kwe1.5 m kwaive 1,400 Ω·cm uye kuverenga kwe3.0 m kwaive 1,800 Ω·cm. Pasina ongororo yakarongwa, EPC ingadai yakaratidza kuti pane zvinhu zvakafambiswa netsvimbo.

3. Zvinoreva "Kusagadzirisa" Mumushumo Wedu Webvunzo Yemhando

Mashoko aya anoenderana neindasitiri asi haana kunaka, saka tinoanyora pasi pese pakutumira. Electrode yekumisa zvinhu isina makemikari pachiteshi chedu chekutumira ine hunhu huna hweinjiniya hunoonekwa mumushumo wemhando yebvunzo, uye mushumo wacho ndiwo unofanirwa kukumbirwa neEPC isati yasaina gwaro rePO.

1. Hygroscopic backfill (paIEC 62561-7).Bentonite yakabatanidzwa nemagnesium sulfate (kwete sodium chloride, iyo inorwisa cores dzakaputirwa nemhangura). Kuedza kwe60°C / 30-day ionic-stability kunobata nzira dzepfupi dzemutengesi: compliance complements ine ≥80% yekuderedza resistivity; 2022 supplier batch yakaderera kusvika 65%, zvichikonzera in-house compounding switch.
2. Simbi yakaputirwa nemhanguraNEMA GR-1, 254 µm cladding shoma.Inodzora ngura yegalvanic. Takaramba mutengesi wegore ra2021 ane cladding yaive 180 µm — inside spec yekuisa masignal earthing ane simba shoma asi yakatetepa zvakanyanya kuti isakwanise kuremedzwa ne impulse-current inotakurwa neESE termination panguva ye strike event.
3. Gomba rekuongorora rinogara riripo rine hwindo rekuyera rinobatirira.300 mm × 300 mm × 300 mm polymer (kwete kongiri; mitswe yekongiri mumhepo yakaoma-inodziya). Kuverenga kwekusimbisa kunoita kuti vashandi veO&M vaongorore bvunzo yegore rechishanu mumasekonzi makumi matatu papedhi rega rega.
4. Hapana kudiridza kwakarongwa muchirongwa cheO&M.Bhuku reSaudi rinoda kuti pave nekudzvanywa kwegore rekutanga, rechitatu, uye reshanu - hapana chiri pakati. Kudiridza kwemwedzi mitanhatu kana gumi nemiviri zvinoreva kuti electrode haina kutsanangurwa zvisizvo.

Musiyano uripo pakati peelectrode yekumisa makemikariuyetsvimbo yepasi ye electrolytic ionMumutsara wedu mune geometric, kwete kushanda — chubhu yemhangura vs simbi yakaputirwa nemhangura, backfill yakafanana. Ose maviri akapa avhareji yakafanana ye3.1 Ω achipesana ne5 Ω target pafekitori yeSaudi.

4. Mitemo mina inotariswa muSaudi Spec

Chirevo cheSaudi chakaratidza zviyero zvina. Ndeipi chiyero chaitonga kuti ndechipi chisarudzo chikamu icho EPCs dzinowanzosiya chisina kujeka - heino mepu yekushanda.

Kune maMV pads uye POI substation,IEEE 80uyeIEEE 665ndiyo yaiva miganhu yekusunga, kwete kuramba mapedhi. Vatungamiriri vese vaifanira kubvumirana paIEEE 837 vasati vasaina chibvumirano.

5. Kwakamboitika Maelectrode paArray

Pafekitori yeSaudi, mubvunzo wekuti "ndingavaise kupi" wakapindurwa uchienzanisa nedhayagiramu yemutsara mumwe chete iyo EPC yakagadzirisa katatu isati yatumirwa kekutanga. Maelectrode emakemikari akasvika pamhando shanu dzakasiyana dzenzvimbo - uye gwaro rekutenga raifanira kuratidza kuti ndeipi standard yaitonga nzvimbo ipi, nekuti geometry yeelectrode imwecheteyo yakanga yakatarwa zvakasiyana kune imwe neimwe.

Mufananidzo 2 — Electrode yemakemikari ye electrolytic ion ground rod type chemical iri mugomba rekuongorora rakapedzwa pa Saudi-plant inverter pad. Huremu hwemhangura hwakasungirirwa exothermically kune midziyo-grounding conductor padanho rekuongorora-pit.

1. Mapedhi eInverter.Yakatanga papedhi rimwe chete; yakawedzera sekondi pamapedhi gumi nemana apo ongororo ye 1.5 m yaive pamusoro pe 1,800 Ω·cm (1,316 electrodes, avhareji ye 3.1 Ω).
2. Mapedhi eMV transformer.Maerekitironi maviri papedhi imwe neimwe pamwe nerukoko rwejecha riri pamusoro, rakagadzirwa richipesana nehwindo reIEEE 80 rekubata-bata uye nhanho-voltage (maerekitironi 84, maerekitironi 168).
3. Mabhokisi ekubatanidza.Electrode imwe chete pabhokisi (maelectrode 1,890).
4. Migumo yese miviri yemudziyo mukuru weDC - trunk yekudzika.Maerekitirodhi maviri (trunk ye1.4 km).
5. Kugumiswa kwe ESE lightning down-conductor.Ma terminal emhepo makumi maviri nemana eESE ari pa array perimeter uye MV switchgear housing, imwe neimwe ine electrolytic ion ground rod termination (kukwanisa kwe impulse-current ndiko kwaikonzera kubatana).

Huwandu: maelectrode emakemikari 4,200, anoenderana nehurongwa hwekutenga hweEPC uye makontena akasiya Xinchang pakati paGunyana 2020 naKurume 2022. Chikanganiso chandinoona kakawanda pakuvandudzwa kwekutanga ndechekubata marudzi ese mashanu enzvimbo seakafanana - haana kufanana. Gwaro rekutenga rinofanira kuratidza kuti ndeipi standard inodzora kuti ndeipi nzvimbo.

6. Chinhu Chinosiyanisa Mutengesi Nemusana

Pachirongwa cheSaudi, ongororo yekudzosera shure yakaparadzanisa vaviri vakasvika pamakwikwi ekupedzisira. Mumwe akatumira katalogu yemapeji gumi nemana ine referensi imwe chete yeIEC 62561-7 pabutiro rekumashure. Mumwe akatumira report yemapeji makumi matatu nemasere yemhando yebvunzo inovhara resistivity reduction factor pamamiriro mana ehunyoro, mhedzisiro ye60°C / 30-day ionic-stability, curve yekuchengetedza hunyoro kwemazuva makumi mapfumbamwe, uye chirevo chekutevedzera zvakatipoteredza cheESIA-stage. Chechipiri ndiye mutengesi uyo EPC inonyora muchirongwa cheO&M chemakore makumi maviri nemashanu.

Mutauro wekutenga watakazonyora weSaudi spec waireva dzimba ina — dzimba ina dzatinoedza mumba medu pakutumira kwega kwega, uye dzimwe ina dzatinodzoka mumushumo wedu wetype-test.

• Chinhu chinoderedza kusimba kwesimba (sekureva kweIEC 62561-7).Standard: 12:1 pa 20% reference hunyoro.
• Kugadzikana kwenguva refu kweionic (60°C / bvunzo yemazuva makumi matatu).Magnesium sulfate pamusoro pesodium chloride (chloride inorwisa cores dzakaputirwa nemhangura); chiyero chekuchengetedza ≥80%. Batch yevatengesi ve2022 yakadzoka pa65% - chikonzero chekubatanidzwa kwemukati meimba.
• Kuchengetedza hunyoro mukati memazuva makumi mapfumbamwe ekuoma.Kuchengetwa kwe73% mushure memazuva 90 pa35°C / 30% RH — iyo data point yakashandiswa neEPC kuisa bvunzo yekudzokorora yegore rechishanu.
• Kutevedzera mitemo yezvakatipoteredza kuESIA.Inodarika panel ye leachate yakajairika iri pasi pe 1 mg/L yesimbi dzakagadziriswa.

Fekitori inoratidza mushumo wekuongororwa kwemhando yezvivakwa zvina ndiyo iyo EPC inonyora muchirongwa cheO&M chemakore makumi maviri nemashanu; iyo ine pepa rekuenzanisa rod chete inoonekwa mugore rechipiri ne email ye "compound itsva yakagadziriswa".

7. Matauriro Atakaita Maitiro Ematanho Matanhatu eSaudi EPC

Maitiro ematanho matanhatu atakatevedza EPC ndiwo akafanana neatinoita papurojekiti yega yega yePV. Haisi rondedzero yakajairika - danho rega rega rine sarudzo yakabatana iyo mainjiniya weEPC anofanira kuita papurojekiti yavo chaiyo.

1. Ita ongororo yeWenner ine mapini mana ekudzivirira ivhu munzvimbo yakarongwa.Nyora pahudzamu hwekuongorora hwe 1.5 m uye 3.0 m. Kusiyana kwehupamhi hwepamusoro-ne-hurefu panzvimbo yeSaudi kwaive 4× (380 Ω·cm vs 1,800 Ω·cm).
2. Isa resistance yechinangwa chega chega kubva padhayagiramu yemutsetse mumwe chete yepurojekiti.Saudi EPC seti ye5 Ω pa inverter pad uye 1 Ω yegrid yese ye equipotential; zvese zvakaitwa mukati megore rechipiri kusvika reshanu rekuyedzazve.
3. Nyora pasi kemikari yekudzosera shure, nemushumo webvunzo yemhando ina yezvivakwa.Batch yevatengesi vegore ra2022 ndiyo yaive bvunzo - mushumo wacho wakawana 65% yekuchengetedza usati watumirwa.
4. Kiya geometry yetsvimbo uye chiyero chekubatanidza.17.2 mm × 2.4 m yakaputirwa nemhangura yema inverter pads; 25.4 mm × 2.4 m electrolytic ion geometry yema MV pads nema lightning terminations. Exothermic-welded connectors toIEEE 837, hapana ma clamp emakanika.
5. Isa muvhu risina kukanganiswa uchishandisa mudziyo we vertical auger we 100 mm.Chidimbu chimwe chete ichi chakaiswa muchikamu chose — hapana maturusi akakosha. Zadza chidimbu chemvura usati wavhara gomba rekuongorora; usaise mumvura yakamira (mazuva gumi nemana ekushanda kwemvura usati waisa ndiwo mutemo wepamusoro panzvimbo iyi).
6. Simbisa nebvunzo yekukundikana kwezvingangoitika panguva yekupihwa basa uye mugore rechishanu.Maererano nemhuri yeIEEE 81 method; kuramba matanda, tembiricha yevhu, uye hunyoro. Kudzokorora kwekuyedza kwechirimwa cheSaudi kwemakore mashanu kwadzoka paavhareji ye3.1 Ω nepad yakaipisisa ye4.7 Ω.

8. Chivharo Chehukuru Hatina Kuchigadzirisa Kekutanga

Maelectrode ekutanga mazana maviri pafekitori yeSaudi akatumirwa ne 75 mm auger (injiniya weEPC akamboshandisa papurojekiti yekare ye drive-rod) uye kuverenga kwemunda kwakadzoka pa 5.8 Ω avhareji kana tichienzanisa ne 5 Ω target - compound yakanga isina nzvimbo yekunyorovesa. Takatamira ku 100 mm kune ma electrode asara zviuru zvina uye avhareji yakaderera kusvika ku 3.1 Ω. Maburi mazana maviri asina kukura haana kudzoserwazve; ndiwo 6% yema pads ari mu "over 2,000 Ω·cm" band akawana double-electrode treatment.

Musiyano we0.4 Ω uri pakati pe75 mm ne100 mm auger ndiyo imwe chete yakakura kwazvo yatakayera - uye ndiyo variable inodzorwa neinjiniya weEPC, kwete makemikari ekugadzira kana backfill. Mutsetse we compounding unogona kusimbiswa kubva pa spec desk; auger haigone.

9. Kubatana Kwazvinoita Izvi neKugadzirwa Kwemagetsi Ezuva Pasi Pose — uye Nei Zvichikosha paKutengwa kweEPC muna 2026

3.1 Ω yemuchina wekuSaudi Arabia haisi yekusiyana. Mukati megore ra2020-2025, takatumira zvinhu zvedu kuPV muMiddle East, North Africa, US Southwest, uye mukati meAustralia, avhareji yekudzivirira mapedhi pamidziyo yakatarwa zvakanaka yasvika pa2.8 kusvika 3.6 Ω kana tichienzanisa ne5 Ω. Kupararira kwe0.8 Ω kunokonzerwa nesoil band uye auger-hole diameter padivi rekuisa. Kuenderana kwebackfill-chemistry hakukoshi pane auger-hole diameter discipline - zvakawanikwa zvakashamisa timu yedu yeQA patakaongorora data rekuyedzazve regore rechishanu tichienzanisa nezvinyorwa zvekuisa.

Maitiro iwayo edata remunda anopikisana nekuvakwa kuri kuiswa ikozvino, neKutevera kweIEA-PVPS, simba idzva remagetsi rePV rinodarika 400 GW pagore.Mufananidzo weIEA-PVPS 2024inosimbisa kuti CV yakayambuka 2 TW; iyoIEA Inogadziriswazve 2024mushumo unoratidza kuti PV yehukuru hwemagetsi icharamba iri iyo inopa simba guru mukugadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvinogona kudzokororwa kusvika mugore ra2030. Kune zvikwata zvinotenga, kugadzira zvinhu pasi kwachinja kubva pamutsetse wetsvimbo nekambambo kuenda kuchikamu chinozivikanwa chemhando yemagetsi - uye vatengesi vanogona kugadzira mushumo wemhando yezvivakwa zvina ndivo vanokunda mubvunzurudzo.

10. Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa Kubva kuEPC Procurement Teams

Chii chinonzi chemical grounding electrode yepurazi rezuva?

Tsvimbo yesimbi yakaputirwa nemhangura yakaiswa yakatwasuka uye yakakomberedzwa ne hygroscopic backfill compound inonwisa hunyoro hwemhepo, ichidzikamisa electrode resistance kwemakore pasina kudiridza nemaoko. Pafekitori yeSaudi, 4,200 vakatumirwa kubva 2020-2022 neavhareji ye3.1 Ω pazera remakore mashanu.

Sei kugadzira ivhu pasina kugadzirisa kwakakosha pakushandisa PV yakawanda?

Zvirimwa zvinofukidza makumi kusvika kumazana emahekita nezviuru zvenzvimbo dzemagetsi. Electrode yechinyakare inodiridza kwemwedzi mitanhatu kana gumi nemiviri inosiya chinhu chisina kudzivirirwa kana nguva yacho ikafamba. Kuisa ivhu pasina kugadzirisa kunobvisa kutenderera.

Kudzivirira kweivhu kwakanyanya kukwira kana tsvimbo inodhonzwa yoga?

Pamusoro pe1,000 Ω·cm, tsvimbo imwe chete inofambiswa nemhangura haigone kusvika pasi pe5 Ω papad pasina nhamba isina kufanira yetsvimbo kana kuiswa kwakadzika kwazvo. Pafekitori yeSaudi, 73% yearray yaive mu1,000-2,000 Ω·cm band; iyo 6% pamusoro pe2,000 Ω·cm yakawana maelectrodes edelta-pattern.

Ndezvipi zvinodiwa pakushandisa mishonga yekudzivirira zvirimwa zvePV?

IEEE 837yezvinobatanidza,IEEE 80 / IEEE 665yekugadzirwa kwenzvimbo dzepasi,IEC 62561-7yemakemikari ekugadzira ivhu, uyeNFPA 70 (NEC) Chinyorwa 690yekuisa pasi sisitimu yePV.NEMA GR-1inofukidza tsvimbo pachayo.

Electrode yemakemikari inogara kwenguva yakareba sei ichishandiswa?

Electrode yakatarwa zvakanaka inopa mukana wekudzivirira kusvibiswa kwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu ekugadzirwa kwayo. Kuvhara mhangura kunodzora ngura yegalvanic; backfill inoramba ichishanda nekuti haina hygroscopic. Maelectrode 4,200 emuchina wekuSaudi Arabia haasati adiridzirwazve kubva payakaiswa.

Maelectrode emakemikari anosangana nezvinodiwa neNEC 690 here?

Ehe.NFPA 70 (NEC) Chinyorwa 690inovhara pasi pePV system; electrode yemakemikari ine core yakaputirwa nemhangura uyeIEEE 837zvigadziko zvinozadzisa zvinodiwa.

Kemikari yekudzosera shure yakasiyana sei nebentonite chete?

Bentonite yakachena haina hygroscopic asi inoderedza huwandu hweionic mumwaka wekusanaya kwemvura. Kuisa mvura isina kugadziriswa kunowedzera electrolyte salt package (kazhinji magnesium sulfate) pamwe nechinowedzera hunyoro.

Ma electrode emakemikari anofanira kuiswa kupi paPV array?

Pafekitori yeSaudi: 1,316 pama inverter pads, 168 pama MV pads, 1,890 pama combiner boxes, 2 kumativi ese e 1.4 km DC trunk, 24 pama ESE lightning terminals — 4,200 zvese. Geometry inosiyana nenzvimbo.

Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pe electrode yemakemikari netsvimbo yepasi ye electrolytic ion?

Inoshandiswa zvakafanana mumashoko akawanda.mutsetse wedu, electrode yemakemikari inoshandisa chubhu yemhangura; iyotsvimbo yepasi ye electrolytic ioninoshandisa simbi yakaputirwa nemhangura.

11. Kupedzisa — Zvatakakumbira Saudi EPC kuti ititumire pazuva rekutanga

Kana uri mainjiniya wepurojekiti yeEPC uine gwaro rekutenga rakavhurika, chiyero chidiki chatinobvumira kutaura pasina kujekeswa kwemavhiki matanhatu ndicho zvinhu zvitanhatu zvakatumirwa nechikwata cheMadrid muna Nyamavhuvhu 2020: dhayagiramu yemutsara mumwe chete ine nzvimbo dzemagetsi, ongororo yeWenner yakarongwa pakadzika kwakarongwa, zvinangwa zvekudzivirira pa-pad uye pa-grid, chiyero chekubatanidza (kazhinjiIEEE 837), chiyero chekugadzirisa backfill compound (IEC 62561-7), uye zvirambidzo zveESIA.

Kune purojekiti iri mhenyu, nzira inokurumidza kupfuura dzose ndiyopeji rechigadzirwa che electrode yekumisa pasi yemakemikari, iyotsvimbo yepasi ye electrolytic ionuyemodule yepasimapeji, kana kutiZvepamusoro zvishanublog.Bata dhipatimendi redu rekutumira kunze kwenyikakuti vakurukure zvakananga.