Chikamu chapfuura ndakagara pasi ndichitarisa ongororo yedhizaini yeshongwe yekugara ine nhurikidzwa makumi maviri nemasere — kwete semucherechedzi, asi semutengesi ane chigadzirwa chaive chava kuda kunyorwa muchirevo. Mupi wezano weMEP akavhura pepa rekudzivirira mheni, akatarisa tsamba yechiteshi chendege, ndokubvunza mukamuri mubvunzo mumwe chete:"Tsvimbo iyi iri kuita basa ratakaverenga here, kana kuti ingori chiratidzo chiri pamufananidzo?"Hapana akapindura kwemasekonzi gumi. Ndakaona runyararo irworwo muchirongwa chimwe nechimwe, uye ndicho chikonzero chaicho chandakanyora gwaro iri.
Heino chokwadi chekutengeserana chandinoona kubva kudivi refekitori:Kana chiteshi chendege changosvika pane zvinodiwa, hurukuro yerudzi rwechivako ichocho inenge yapera.Muvaki anotenga zvinotaurwa nedhirowa, huwandu hwacho hunoenderana nepurani yedenga, uye mainjiniya wekuongorora anoongorora kutevedzera mutemo wataurwa nemupi wezano. Saka sarudzo dzinoitwa padhesiki rekudhirowa — dziviriro, nzira yekudzivirira, zvinhu zvekupedzisira uye kukwirira kwekukwidza — ndidzo sarudzo dzinokosha. Zvese zviri pasi pedhirowa kutenga.
Ndapedza makore gumi nemaviri ndichipa zviteshi zvendege kumapurojekiti marefu, uye vanachipangamazano vanowana mvumo yakachena vanoronga sarudzo nenzira imwe chete. Ndakapfupikisa chimiro ichocho kuita zvikamu zvina.
Gadzirisa dziviriro usati wabata peji rechigadzirwa
IEC 62305 dziviriro mazinga I–IV anoisa rolling-sphere radius — 20, 30, 45 uye 60 metres zvichiteerana — uye kuverenga kwese kunotora nhamba iyoyo. Zvipatara nenhare dzine data-heavy dzinowanzo gara paLevel I kana II; dzimba dzakakwirira dzinowanzo gara paLevel III kana IV. Kana level isiriyo, hapana air terminal pasi pano inoponesa dhizaini.
Sarudza nzira yekudzivirira nemaune, kwete netsika
Nzira yekudzivirira ye65-degree (radius ≈ 2.14×h) inzira iri nyore inoshanda kune hurefu hushoma. Pamusoro pemamita angangoita makumi matanhatu, ndinosundidzira mupi wezano wese kunzira ye rolling-sphere, nekuti nzira ye angle inopfuura chinyararire kufukidzwa kwenzvimbo sezvo kukwirira kuchikura. Kusanganisa nzira pane imwe dhirowa ndiyo imwe chete yeongororo yandakaona.
Taura terminal nezvinhu uye basa, kwete ne "tsvimbo yemheni, 1 kwete."
Tambo yemhepo inotsanangurwa inotakura zvinhu (99% simbi yemhangura chaiyo kana simbi yakaputirwa nemhangura), dhayamita (12–15 mm), kureba (0.5/0.75 m kana zvakanangana nepurojekiti), chiyero chemhepo (inopfuura 50 m/s yezvivakwa zvirefu) uye ruzivo rwekugadzika. Tsamba ye "mheni" ine mutsetse mumwe chete inopa sarudzo kune anotenga zvinhu zvishoma.
Nyora muganhu wesystem: terminal, down-conductor, earth
Chiteshi chemhepo chinongopindira chete. Chiteshi chinofanira kuchibatanidza nemagetsi anodzika uye kumisa kwepasi kwe10 ohms kana kupfuura, pamwe nezvikamu zvakaedzwa zvinoenderana neIEC 62561. Chiteshi chakanaka chiri munzira yakaputsika chinoratidza mhosva, kwete sisitimu yekudzivirira.
Sei Danho reKudhirowa Richisarudza Kutengwa kweChivako Chese?
Ndinoda kutaura chokwadi nezvenyaya iyi, nekuti zvakanditorera makore akawanda kuti ndinyatsoona zviri pachena. Panosvika nguva yekuti chikumbiro chisvike kubhokisi rangu rekutumira zvinhu, zvisarudzo zvinonakidza zvinenge zvatoitwa. Bhiri rehuwandu hwezvinhu rinoti "tsvimbo yemhepo yemhangura, 14 mm, 0.75 m" nekuti mumwe mupi wezano akanyora mutsetse iwoyo mwedzi yapfuura.NekutiKana zvakanyorwa zvichifamba zvisina kukanganiswa kubva pakugadzirwa kwemagadzirirwo kuenda kumagwaro ekubhadhara mumapurojekiti mazhinji, tsamba yemupi wezano inogadza kirasi yechigadzirwa pauriri hwese hwechivako.
Ndosaka ndichipedza nguva ndichipindura mibvunzo yevanopa mazano mahara. Kana sangano rekugadzira richindibvunza kana kona ye65-degree inogona kudzivirirwa pashongwe ye90-meter, handisi kungobatsira chete - ndiri kubatsira kunyora mutsetse uchatengwa ka4, 80, 200. Kana uri iwe unopa mazano uri kuverenga izvi, simba rimwechete riri mumaoko ako, uye hazvikubhadharisi mari yakawanda kunze kwekuwana zvikamu zvina nemazvo.
Cheni inoshanda seizvi: mwero wekudzivirira unotsanangura geometry; geometry inotsanangura kuti materminal mangani uye kureba kwakadii; zvinhu uye ruzivo rwekugadzika zvinotsanangura zvinorairwa.NekutiDanho rega rega rinowanza rimwe riri pamberi paro, chikamu chekutanga chisina kurongeka hachigone kugadziriswa nemashoko akanyatsorongwa gare gare - kukanganisa kunosanganisirwa muchikamu chega chega chiri padenga.
Rolling Sphere kana 65-Degree Angle: Ndeipi Nzira Inofanira Kushandiswa Pakudhirowa Kwakareba?
Katarogu yedu inotaura zvakananga kona yekudzivirira — 65 degrees, ine nharaunda yekudzivirira inoenderana ne2.14 times kupfuura kukwirira kwetsvimbo. Nhamba iyoyo ifizikisi yepamutemo yenzira yekudzivirira-angle, uye pabhuroko rine nhurikidzwa shanu handina gakava nayo. Asi ndinopa mazano kune vanopa mazano kuti vasaitumire kune mamwe mabasa marefu, uye heino pfungwa dzangu.
Nzira yekona inofungidzira kuti nzvimbo yakachengetedzwa inokura yakatwasuka nekukwirira. Nzira yerolling-sphere — hwaro hweIEC 62305-1— haiiti: bhora remamita makumi maviri, makumi matatu, makumi mana nemashanu kana makumi matanhatu rinotenderedzwa pamusoro pechivako, uye zvese zvisingagone kubatwa nebhora zvinodzivirirwa.NekutiNzvimbo inosvika bhora inotsvedza kana tsvimbo ichikwira kana tichienzanisa nenzvimbo yebhora, zvichiwedzera kukwirira kwedanda resimbi kusvika padyo nekaviri, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo yaro yakachengetedzwa iwedzere kaviri. Mupi wezano anoyera 2.14×awa achikwira pamusoro pefacade yemamita zana ari kukwezva dziviriro isingatsigirwe nejometri.
| Maitiro | Magadzirirwo emuviri anotonga | Yakanakisisa kukwana | Mutongo wepamusoro-soro |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kona yekudzivirira (65°) | Nharaunda ≈ 2.14 × kukwirira kwetsvimbo | Matenga akapfava, ari nyore kushandisa, madziro madiki ekuwedzera | Shandisa nekungwarira; fukidza nzvimbo yacho kupfuura ~60 m |
| Dunhu rinotenderera | Dunhu r = 20/30/45/60 m nedanho rekudzivirira | Chero chimiro, chero kureba; default dhizaini-ongororo | Nzira yekutanga inokurudzirwa |
| Nzira ye mesh | Saizi yemesh 5×5 m kusvika 20×20 m zvichienderana nedanho | Mapurani edenga rakati sandara, mafambiro emadziro | Sanganisa netsvimbo dziri pamakona nenzvimbo dzemiti |
Pamashongwe chaiwo handiwanzooni nzira imwe chete. Maitiro anokunda mumapurojekiti atinopa isimbi yemesh yakatenderedza parapet, ma air terminals pamakona neplanti yepamusoro, uye kusimbiswa kwerongedzero yese - nzira chaiyo yekuisa zvinhu muzvikamu.IEC 62305-3inotsanangura nzira yekudzivirira muviri.
Imwe tsika yandinokurudzira kune vese vandinoshanda navo kugadzira zvinhu: kuchengeta chirevo chepeji rimwe chete padivi pedhirowa rinonyora huwandu hwedziviriro, nzira yakasarudzwa yekuisa zvinhu uye nharaunda yesphere inoshandiswa. Kana purojekiti ikapfuura nepakati pevalue engineering — uye ichaita — peji iroro ndiro rinomisa muongorori wehuwandu ane chinangwa chakanaka kuti arege kuchinjana kirasi yeterminal asina kudzokorora geometry. Ndakaona kuchinja kamwe chete kusina gwaro kuchideredza hafu yekuvhara denga, kwakawanikwa chete pakuedzwa kwekupa, uye mari yekugadzirisa yakadarika zvese zvakachengetwa nekuchinjana. Maminitsi gumi anotorwa padhesiki rekudhirowa ndiyo inishuwarenzi yakachipa pane ese mapakiti ekudzivirira mheni.
Chii Chinofanira Kutaurwa Nemutsetse Wekutsanangurwa Kwemhepo?
Pandinoongorora magwaro ebasa, chikamu chisina kusimba chinowanzova mutsetse wendege pachawo. "Tsvimbo yemheni, yakakwana, mugove mumwe chete" haitauri chinhu kune anotenga uye haidziviriri muridzi kubva pane zvisina basa. Mutsetse unopona muongororo yeinjiniya yemutengo uye dhizaini une minda mitanhatu, uye ndakaona vanoongorora vachitarisa yega yega:
| Munda | Muenzaniso wechinyorwa | Nei muongorori aine hanya |
|---|---|---|
| Zvinhu | 99% mhangura chaiyo, kana simbi yakaputirwa nemhangura uko kunova nemutemo wekuba kana bhajeti | Hurefu hwengura uye kuenderana kwegabha nehurongwa hwedenga |
| Dhayamita | 12 / 13 / 13.5 / 14 / 15 mm | Kuomarara kwemuchina uye chikamu chemagetsi chinotakura magetsi |
| Kureba | 0.5 m / 0.75 m, kana kuti zvakanangana neprojekiti | Inoisa kukwirira kwetip kwakafungidzirwa nekuverenga nzvimbo |
| Hwaro hwedziviriro | Dunhu rinotenderera, Level III (r = 45 m) | Inokiya geometry nzvimbo yega yega yeterminal yakaonekwa kuti haina kuvharwa |
| Chiyero chemhepo | Mhepo inodzivira kumhanya kupfuura 50 m/s | Matenga marefu anoona mhepo chaiyo; terminal yakakombama inofambisa muromo chinyararire |
| Muyero wechikamu | Yakaedzwa mhando kutiIEC 62561-2 | Zvinoratidza kuti terminal inopona kurohwa kwayakagadzirirwa kuvharira |
Cherechedzai zviri kushaikwa patafura iyoyo: zita rekambani. Ndinotaura izvi semugadziri - mashandiro akanaka emazita uye zvinoita kuti mabhizinesi akwikwidzane neuchapupu.NekutiMutsetse wezvinotsanangurwa unotsanangura zvitupa zvekuyedza, kuziviswa kwezvinhu uye chiyero chemhepo chinofanira kuburitswa nemupi wechikwereti anokunda, unosefa vatengesi zvakavimbika kupfuura chero runyorwa rupi zvarwo. Kana uchida yedu.tsvimbo yemhepo yemhanguraMapepa edata senzira yekutarisa mafomati etemplate yako, ndinoatumira kune vanopa mazano kana ndakumbira.
Mhangura Yakachena, Simbi Yakaputirwa neMhangura kana Tsono Imwe Chete: Zvinhu Zvinoenderana Sei neMakirasi eProjekiti?
Zvinhu zviripo ndipo pandinoona vapi vemazano vachinyanya kutsanangura uye vachideredza kutsanangura zvakaenzana, saka regai ndikupei mepu yandinoshandisa kana sangano rekugadzira randibvunza zvakananga.
99% mhangura yakachena— yedutsvimbo yemhangura yakachena ine tsono imwe chetendiyo sarudzo yekutarisa - inowana nzvimbo yayo pazvivakwa zvemhando yepamusoro, mapurojekiti emahombekombe uye chero kupi uko nyanzvi inoda nyaya yemakore anopfuura makumi matatu yekuora isina mashoko akawanda ekugadzirisa. Inodhura zvakanyanya, uye pachivako chine mukurumbira denga ndiyo nzvimbo yekupedzisira yekuchengetedza.Simbi yakaputirwa nemhangura— sezvinodiwa nesutsvimbo yemheni yemhangura— inokupa maitiro epamusoro pemhangura pamusoro pesimbi inodzivirira kukotama uye kuba zvisina kurongeka, uye ndiyo nzira chaiyo yekushandisa dzimba dzakakwirira. Chandinosimudzira kumashure materminals asina kunyorwa "ane ruvara rwemhangura" pamapurojekiti anotsanangurwa-ne-default: kana dhirowa risingataure kuti tsvimbo yakagadzirwa nei, nzvimbo yacho ichagamuchira chero chaive chakachipa mwedzi iwoyo.
Chimwe chinhu chakanaka chezvivakwa zvirefu: pakukwirira kuri kusvika pamamita mazana maviri — muganho wepamusoro unoongororwa kuti tsvimbo dzedu dzinoshanda sei — ndinoona kugadzirisa michina uye maitiro emhepo sezvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro, kwete zvekushongedza. Chinotenderera chinokotama pa40 m/s chakachinja maitiro ekuverenga kwako kwerolling-sphere, uye hapana anodzokorora nhamba mushure medutu.
Nzvimbo dzemhepo dzemhangura dzakareba dzine zvigadziko zvechigaro. Pamatenga marefu, zvinhu zvinogadziriswa uye simba remhepo zvinofanira kunge zvakafanana netsvimbo pachayo.Chii Chichatariswa Nemuongorori Pakubvumidzwa Kwekugadzira?
Ongororo dzemvumo dzinosiyana zvichienderana nemusika, asi mushure memakore gumi nemaviri ekutsigira kutumira kwangu ndinogona kufanotaura mibvunzo mina nechivimbo. Chekutanga:ndedzipi dziviriro, uye kuongororwa kwengozi kunopa chikonzero?Chepiri:nzira yekuisa zvinhu, uye mufananidzo wacho unoratidza here kuvakwa kwebhora kana kona?Chetatu:zvikamu zvakaedzwa mhando— seti yesitifiketi yeIEC 62561 —kana kuti kungotsanangurwa chete?Chechina:Ko ketani yekugumisa inosvika padanho rinotevedzera mitemo here?Mumashoko ekuNorth America, mibvunzo mina yakafanana inouya yakapfekaNFPA 780mazwi echinyakare panzvimbo pemazwi echinyakare eIEC; mainjiniya ndiwo kukurukurirana kwakafanana.
Ndinoramba ndichipa rubatsiro rwemasangano ekugadzira: nditumirei purani yedenga uye nhanho yekudzivirira, uye ndinodzosera dhizaini yeterminal ine nhamba yenzvimbo yakaratidzwa - nhamba imwecheteyo iri mubatsiri ari pamusoro apa. Tatove tichidzidzisa varidzi vedzimba nezvekutanga mutsananguro yedu pamusoro pekuti tambo dzemheni dzinochengetedza sei chivako; chinyorwa chinopa mazano panyaya iyi, uye masvomhu asara. Kune shongwe dziri kufunga nezvema "emission terminals" epakutanga panzvimbo pe "conventional rods", kuenzanisa kwangu kwakaitwa.Nharaunda yekudzivirira yeESE neFranklin, mutengo uye kutevedzera mitemoinovhara iyo forogo yechisarudzo, uye huwandu hwakazara huri muduchikamu chetsvimbo yemheni.
Mhuri yechiteshi chendege iyo nyanzvi inopa mazano inosarudza kubva pairi: tsvimbo dzemhangura dzine tsono imwe chete, nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzine mativi akawanda uye misoro yeESE — imwe neimwe ine kirasi yepurojekiti inodzivirirwa.Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Ndingagona here kusanganisa nzira dzekutenderera nedzekudzivirira pane imwe dhirowa?
Ndinokupa zano rekuti usazviite. Nzira yega yega inofanana mukati, asi kuisanganisa kunoita kuti zvichemo zvekufukidza zvisakwanise kuongororwa pakuongorora. Sarudza rolling sphere senzira yepurojekiti, uye shandisa nhamba ye65-degree chete sekutarisa hutano hwakanaka pane zvakasanganiswa zvishoma.
Ko chiteshi chemhepo chakareba nguva dzose chiri nani here padenga refu?
Kwete. Padenga, chimiro chedenderedzwa chinoreva kuti tsvimbo ye0.75 m yakatofukidza nzvimbo inobatsira; kureba kunoita kuti nzvimbo yacho iderere uye kunowedzera mhepo uye kupenya kwayo. Kureba kunoita kuti igare zvakanaka panzvimbo dzemiti nemakona, kwete sekusimudzira gumbeze.
Nzvimbo yakakwirira inoruramisa terminal yeESE panzvimbo petsvimbo dzemazuva ano rini?
Kana nzvimbo yedenga yakakura zvichienzaniswa nehuwandu hwemachira anogona kugashirwa nezvivakwa, kana kana mutengi achida musoro mumwe chete wakafukidza podium-plus-tower massing. Mativi eESE anoverenga radius neNF C 17-102 formula uye kufambira mberi kwakaedzwa; tsvimbo dzechinyakare dziri nyore, dzakachipa papoindi imwe neimwe uye hadzidi magetsi. Dzose dziri mbiri dzinodzivirirwa - forogo ndeye geometry uye chido chekuchengetedza, kwete mafashoni.
Chiteshi chemhepo chemhangura chinoda ivhu rakatsaurirwa here, kana kuti chinogona kugovera ivhu rekuvaka?
Kugovaniswa kwevhu kwakabatana ndiyo mhinduro chaiyo muIEC 62305 neNFPA 780 — kugumisa kwevhu rekudzivirira mheni kunobatanidza nehurongwa hwemagetsi hwechivako. "Nyika yemheni" yakasiyana, yakaparadzana inogadzira misiyano inogona kukanganisa michina panguva yekurova.
Ndinofanira kushandisa dhayamita yakadii kana mainjiniya wekuvaka asina zvaanoda?
Simbi yemhangura chaiyo ye14 mm kana simbi yakaputirwa nemhangura ndiyo yandinokurudzira pabasa refu: yakasimba zvakakwana kuti ikwanise kureba kwe 0.75 m kana paine mhepo padenga, ine simba rakasununguka, uye saizi yakajairika yekugadzira kwete yakakosha. Deredza kusvika ku12 mm chete kana paine zvinhu zvakavharirwa.
Denga reshongwe rinoda materminal mangani?
Mhanya mubatsiri ari pamusoro payo pamucheto wega wega wedenga nenzvimbo yemiti - nhamba yekutanga yekupfuura inowanzova mukati megumi muzana kubva pakurongeka kwekupedzisira. Makona nechirimwa chakakwirira zvinowanzotora terminal zvisinei nekuti nhamba yenzvimbo inobvumidza chii, uye dhayakita remesh rinozadza rusvingo pakati pawo.
Tumira Ronga Redenga. Tora Ruzivo Rwakaiswa Pamutsetse Wekugadzika.
Kureba kwechivako, mapurani edenga uye nhanho yekudzivirira chinangwa — ndizvo chete zvandinoda. Mukati memazuva maviri ekushanda unogamuchira dhizaini yeterminal ine arithmetic yerolling-sphere inoratidzwa, mutsetse wechigadzirwa wakagadzirira kutsanangurwa, uye mareferensi eIEC 62561 test-certificate auchakumbira ongororo yako.
Ndapedza makore gumi nemaviri ndichiita basa rekudzivirira mheni uye ndichimisa kutengeserana kwekunze, zvakawanda zvacho ndiri pafoni nevanopa mazano veMEP nemasangano ekugadzira panguva chaiyo iri kunyorwa mutsetse wendege. Nzvimbo yekudhirowa ndipo panowanikwa dziviriro yakanaka yemheni, uye ndiyo hurukuro yandinonyanya kufarira.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-22-2026