Iyo umuguzi wa EPC anyoherereje RFQ yo gusimbuza icyuma gipima ubutaka, imirongo ibiri ya mbere nsoma ni umuyoboro w'amazi n'uburyo ubutaka buhagaze - ntabwo ari umurambararo w'inkoni. Iyo gahunda ni ingenzi. IEEE Std 80 ntabwo ikubwira kugura 5/8 inches cyangwa 3/4 inches.inkoni yo hasi ya sitasiyo y'ubutaka; ikubwira ko ugomba kurokoka ikibazo. Umurambararo n'uburebure by'inkoni biva mu mibare itatu: kugenzura ubushyuhe ku muvuduko w'ikosa, kugenzura ubukana bw'ubutaka, no kugenzura intambwe ku gice cy'ubuso. Mu bisobanuro byinshi nsuzuma, bigwa kuinkoni z'icyuma zifatanye mu muringa zifite umurambararo wa mm 14.2–19 na metero 2.4–3.0 z'uburebure— ariko ihame, si katalogu, ni ryo rigomba guhitamo. Igikurikira ni uburyo nkora kuri buri kimwe muri byo.
TL;DR — Igisubizo cy'ingano mu nteruro enye
- Ku kibazo cya 40 kA, 1 s, ikigereranyo cya IEEE 80 gisaba gusa 141.9 mm² by'umuringa ucagaguye - bityo n'agakoni kacu gato ka 14.2 mm², kuri 158.4 mm², gapima ubushyuhe ku buryo nta ngaruka mbi kagira ku kindi.
- Gukuba kabiri uburebure bw'inkoni kuva kuri metero 1.5 kugeza kuri metero 3.0 bigabanya ubushobozi bwayo bwo kurwanya ubutaka ku kigero cya 44% mu butaka bumwe, mu gihe gukuba kabiri uburebure kuva kuri mm 14.2 kugeza kuri mm 25 biguha hafi 9% gusa - uburebure ni bwo buryo butuma imbaraga zigenda.
- Igice cyagabanyijemo kabiri cy’umuyoboro w’amakosa ni cyo cyonyine cyinjira mu muyoboro wawe w’amakuru: mu isuzuma rya EasyPower (Bentley Systems) ryakozwe mu buryo bwanditse, 691 A gusa kuri 22 kA fault niyo yatumye ground potential building izamuka - fractor yagabanyijemo kabiri ihindura buri terambere ryakurikiyeho.
- Urukuta rw'amabuye yasheshwe rufite uburebure bwa mm 150–200 ni kimwe mu bigize umutekano, ntabwo ari ubusitani: kurukuraho bigabanya imbaraga zo gukoraho mu rugero rumwe rwa IEEE 80 kuva kuri 1.314 V kugeza kuri 222 V.
Icyo IEEE 80 isaba inkoni yo hasi gukora mu by'ukuri
IEEE Std 80 — Ubuyobozi bw’Umutekano muri AC Substation Grounding, iherutse gushimangirwa mu icapiro ryayo ryo mu 2013 — ihari kugira ngo isubize ikibazo kimwe: mu gihe cy’ikosa ry’ubutaka, ese voltages zo gukoraho n’intambwe umuntu ashobora kugira ziguma munsi y’imipaka ishobora kwihanganirwa? Ihame ryose rigabanya kugereranya voltages za mesh na step voltages zanditswe ugereranije n’imipaka ishobora kwihanganirwa bitewe n’igihe ikosa rimaze, uburemere bw’umubiri, n’urwego rw’ubuso, nk’ikintuintambwe ku yindi IEEE 80 inyura muri Wind farm BoPibivuga. Inkoni yawe yo hasi iri muri uwo mugozi ku ngingo ebyiri: igomba gutwara igice cyayo cy'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi mu bushyuhe, kandi igomba gufasha kugabanya imbaraga zo kurinda amashanyarazi ku buryo ubushobozi bwo kuzamuka kw'ubutaka (GPR) bukomeza gucungwa.
Umubare umwe uhindura ibintu byose biri inyuma y'uruzi, kandi abaguzi bakunze kuwibagirwa:ntabwo umuriro wose w'ikosa ujya mu muyoboro wawe.Insinga zo kurinda, ibyuma bikingira insinga, n'ibikoresho bidafite aho bibogamiye bijyana igice ku isoko.Kubera ko igice kimwe cy'umuyoboro w'amazi uca mu gice cyo hasi gusa kinyura mu muyoboro w'amazi, gupima buri nkoni n'umuyoboro w'amazi kugeza ku muyoboro w'amazi uhuza imiterere y'amazi bituma umuringa wikuba kabiri kugeza kuri gatanu.Igitabo cy'isesengura ry'ibanze cyavuyeBentley Systems (Intangiriro ku isesengura ry’ubutaka, 2024)ikora nk'ikintu kitazibagirana: ku ikosa rya 22 kA phase-A, 691 A gusa ni yo yafashe inzira yatumye sisitemu yo gusimbuza GPR - izindi zagarutse zinyuze mu nsinga. Ubuyobozi buva kuriUbuyobozi bw'igishushanyo mbonera cy'ubutaka bwa Keentel Engineeringishyira ibintu bisanzwe byo kugabanya umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi kuri 20–50% by'umuyoboro wose w'amashanyarazi, bitewe n'umubare w'inzira z'uburinzi n'inzira zitagira aho zibogamiye zisohoka kuri sitasiyo.
Intambwe ya 1 — Tangira n'ubutaka, ntabwo ari inkoni
Buri gipimo cyo gupima ubutaka nabonye kidahuye neza cyatangiye na kataloge aho kuba ubushakashatsi ku bushyuhe. Ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka (ρ) ni bwo buryo bukomeye bwo gupima ubutaka muri gahunda yose ya IEEE 80, kuva kuri Ω·m 10 mu ibumba ritose kugeza kuri Ω·m zirenga 10.000 mu rutare rwumye - inshuro igihumbi, nk'uko byatangajwe na Wind farm BoP. Igitabo cya Bentley Systems cyongeraho ibintu bibiri by'ukuri mu murima: ahantu hafite ubushyuhe bungana ku bujyakuzimu nyabwo "hakunze kuboneka," kandi mu turere aho ubutaka bukonje, ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka buzamuka cyane kubera ko ioni zihagarara. Umubare wakuwe mu mbonerahamwe y'ibitabo si igipimo cy'ahantu.
Iyo abaguzi bambajije uburyo bwo kubona uwo mubare, ndabagaragariza uburyo bwa IEEE Std 81′s Wenner bugizwe na pini enye: pini enye ku ntera ingana a, umuriro ushyirwa mu gice cyo hanze, voltage isomwa mu gice cyo imbere, na ρ = 2πaR. Igitabo cya Bentley gisaba gukoresha pini intera ingana kugeza ku rugero ntarengwa rw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, kuko umuriro w'igerageza uhita ugenzura uburebure nk'ubwo umuyoboro wawe w'amashanyarazi ari munini - neza neza ubutaka inkoni zawe zizabamo.Kubera ko ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubutaka bushyirwaho n'inkingi y'ubutaka inkoni ikoraho, inkoni ya metero 3.0 ishyizwe mu urwego rwo hasi rudashobora guhangana n'ubutaka ishobora gutsinda inkoni ya metero 6.0 ifungiye mu gice cyo hejuru cyumye.
Ku bunini, urugero rwa BoP rwakozwe na Wind farm rukoresha sitasiyo nyayo ya 110 kV umuyaga: umuhanda wa metero 40 × 65, intera ya metero 4–7, imvange ya metero 0.5–0.8, n'inkoni zipfundikiye zifite umuringa zigera kuri metero 3 ku nkengero n'ibikoresho by'ingenzi, mu butaka bwa metero 50–150.
Intambwe ya 2 — Igenzura ry'ubushyuhe: Ese Inkoni izarokoka umuyoboro w'ikosa?
Igereranya rya mbere ry’ingano muri IEEE 80 ntaho rihuriye n’ubudahangarwa. Ribaza niba kondakita ashobora kwinjiza ubushyuhe bw’ikosa adakoresheje annealing cyangwa fusion: A = I × √t₊ / K, aho imiterere ya K yinjirira mu bushobozi bw’ubushyuhe, ubudahangarwa, n’ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwemewe bw’icyuma. Ku mucuzi wa annealing, imiterere ya Table 1 ni coefficient y’ubushyuhe ya 0.00393 /°C, ubudahangarwa bwa 1.72 μΩ·cm, ubushobozi bw’ubushyuhe bwa 3.42 J/cm³/°C, n’ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwa 1.083 °C - aho umuringa ushonga, nk’uko bigaragara mu isuzuma rya Wind farm BoP. Kora imibare ukurikije igihe gisanzwe cyo gupima 1 s na ambient ya 40 °C, kandi igice gikenewe kigera kuri 7.0 kcmil kuri kA y’umuvuduko w’ikosa - hafi 3.55 mm² kuri kA.
Dore icyo bivuze iyo nirukaingano y'inkoni y'ubutaka ifite ikibazoku muguzi:
| Igishushanyo mbonera cy'umuriro w'amashanyarazi ku nkoni | Igice gikenewe | Inkoni ya mm 14.2 (mm² 158.4) | Inkoni ya mm 17.2 (mm² 232.4) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 kA | 70.9 mm² | Amapasi, 2.2 × igiciro | Amapasi, igiciro cya 3.3 × |
| 25 kA | 88.7 mm² | Amapasi, 1.8 × igiciro | Amapasi, 2.6× igiciro |
| 30 kA | 106.4 mm² | Amapasi, 1.5 × ku mupaka | Amapasi, 2.2 × igiciro |
| 40 kA (ikoreshwa mu buryo bwa kera, nta nguzanyo igabanyijemo kabiri) | 141.9 mm² | Amapasi, 1.1 × igiciro | Amapasi, 1.6 × igiciro |
Nkoresha inkingi ya conservative — umuriro wose wuzuye, nta nguzanyo igabanyijemo ibice — kuko umuguzi uyifite ashobora kurengera imiterere yayo mu isuzuma ry’igishushanyo mbonera.Kubera ko inkoni iri mu muyoboro w’amashanyarazi ufite uduti twinshi itwara gusa igice cyayo cy’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi, kandi icyuma ubwacyo kibona gusa igice cy’ikosa ryose, inkoni ifite umuringa wa mm 14.2 ikomeza igenzura rya 40 kA yuzuye ifite ikintu gikomeye cyane mu mutekano w’isi.Niyo mpamvu, iyo nsomye EPC spec ihita igera kuri 25 mm rods “ku bijyanye n’umuriro w’amakosa,” nibaza igihe cyo gusohora n’igice cy’amasasu batekereje — igisubizo akenshi ni “nta na kimwe.”
Icyitonderwa kimwe cyo kugerageza ubushyuhe kirakomeza iyo umuntu abonye ikoti. Inkoni za UL 467 zifite nibura urwego rw'umuringa rwa 0.254 mm (mil 10), kandi ndabifata nk'aho hasi: umurongo wacu ufite ≥0.254 mm ku buziranenge bwa ≥99.95%, byemejwe n'ikizamini cya CEPRI.
Intambwe ya 3 — Uburebure ugereranyije n'umurambararo: Ni iyihe lever ihindura uburyo bwo guhangana n'urukuta mu by'ukuri?
Iyo igenzura ry'ubushyuhe rirangiye,Gutera hasi kwa IEEE 80Ihinduka ikibazo cyo guhangana. Ku nkoni imwe ihagaze mu butaka bumwe, ikigereranyo cyo guhangana cy’ikigereranyo ni R = ρ/(2πL) × [ln(8L/d) − 1], hamwe n’uburebure bw’inkoni L muri metero n’umurambararo d muri metero. Logarithm ni inkuru yose: uburebure buyobora imiterere y’umurongo n’umurongo; umurambararo ni logi gusa. Iyo nyikoresheje kuri ρ = 100 Ω·m hamwe n’inkoni yacu ya mm 17.2, mbona 70.6 Ω kuri 1.2 m, 50.7 Ω kuri 1.8 m, 39.9 Ω kuri 2.4 m, na 33.1 Ω kuri 3.0 m.
| Impinduka zakozwe ku nkoni | Imiterere | Ubudahangarwa bw'isi | Kugabanya ugereranije n'ishingiro | Umushoferi w'ibiciro |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isanduku y'ibanze | 17.2 mm × 1.5 m | 58.9 Ω | — | — |
| Kugwiza uburebure kabiri | 17.2 mm × 3.0 m | 33.1 Ω | ≈ 44% hasi | Uburemere bw'umuringa n'icyuma ×2 |
| Kugwiza kabiri umurambararo (L = 2.4 m) | mm 14.2 → mm 25 | 41.2 → 37.4 Ω | Kugabanukaho ≈ 9% | Uburemere bw'umuringa n'icyuma ×3 |
| Ongeraho inkoni ku uburebure bwa ≥ 1 × | Inkoni ebyiri za mm 17.2 × metero 2.4 | ≈ 40 → 22–26 Ω | ≈ 35–45% biri hasi | Inkoni + imigozi + imbaraga zo gutwara |
| Injira mu butaka bwo hasi | Ubushakashatsi ku butaka bw'ibice bitandukanye | Ibijyanye n'urubuga | Akenshi ni cyo gikoresho kinini cyane | Inzira yimbitse, inkoni zishobora kwaguka |
Ubushakashatsi bwo kugereranya bwakozwe mu 2025 muriUbumenyi bw'imikorere bwa MDPI (ibipimo bya finite-element hamwe n'umurima kuri 400 V, 10 kV, na 35 kV)Igwa ku mwanzuro umwe ntanga ku baguzi, mu ruhande rwo kwigana: mu butaka bushobora guhangana n’ubudahangarwa bwinshi, inkoni zihagaze ziremereye zirusha imiterere y’ubujyakuzimu kuko zigera ku butaka bunini, mu gihe imiyoboro itambitse ikora imirimo yo kuzamura umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi unyura mu kibuga cy’aho amashanyarazi anyura. Ubu bushakashatsi kandi bwerekana ko hari izindi ngaruka zo kugabanuka kw’ubudahangarwa buterwa no gucukura inyuma nk’ingufu nka bentonite cyangwa beto iyobora amashanyarazi ikikije electrode - igikoresho cyemewe iyo udashobora gutwara amashanyarazi mu buryo bwimbitse.
Kubera ko ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubutaka bugabanuka mu buryo bwa logarithmic, metero 3.0 za mbere z'inkoni itwarwa n'ubutaka ni zo zikora akazi kenshi, kandi ikintu cyiza cyane ku nkoni y'ubutaka hafi ya byose ni "umurambararo usanzwe, uburebure ntarengwa bushobora kugendwa" aho kuba "umurambararo ntarengwa, uburebure busanzwe."Ingano y'umurambararo iracyakomeza gukoreshwa ahantu hatatu. Ngenzura buri kintu cyose: gukomera kw'ubutaka bukomeye cyangwa bw'amabuye (inkoni ya mm 16-19 irahindukira munsi ya mm 14.2 kuri metero 3.0), ubuziranenge bw'imigozi ku migozi ihuza kugira ngo ikomeze kwaguka, hamwe no kwangirika mu butaka buteye ubwoba mu gihe cy'imyaka 40-50.
Igipimo cyo Kurwanya Inkoni Imwe (IEEE 80 igereranya ubutaka bungana)
R = ρ/(2πL) × [ln(8L/d) − 1]. Ingano y'ibanze gusa — igishushanyo cya nyuma gikeneye uburyo bwose bwa IEEE 80 bwo gushushanya hamwe n'icyitegererezo cy'ubutaka cyapimwe.
Intambwe ya 4 - Umubare w'Inkoni, Intera, n'aho Inkoni zijya
Muri buri buryo nsuzuma, icyuma gifata insinga gitangira icyuma gifata insinga hanyuma inkoni zigakurikira. Muri geometrike y’ifatizo ya Wind farm BoP — 40 m × 65 m, intera ya 4–7 m, intera ya 0.5–0.8 m, inkoni zitwara zijya kuri metero 3 zijya ku mupaka n’ibikoresho by’ingenzi, zikora imirimo ibiri: gukata umupaka urinda ubutaka bwimbitse no gufunga impande aho amashanyarazi y’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi arenga. Itegeko ryanjye ryo gushyira intera ku baguzi rikomeza kuba ridahindagurika kandi ryoroshye: Nkomeza gushyira inkoni zegeranye nibura uburebure bumwe bw’inkoni, kuko inkoni zitwara hafi y’uburebure bwazo zisangira ibishishwa birwanya kandi zigapfunyika umuringa. Ubuyobozi bw’igishushanyo cya Keentel Engineering butanga ingingo imwe yo ku mupaka wa mbere kandi buvuga ko aho ubutaka buto bwanze gukorana, amariba atwara amashanyarazi ashobora gukwirakwiza ingufu nyinshi z’ikosa — hari urugero rwanditse rugaragaza ko rwasunikiye 62% by’ikwirakwizwa ry’amashanyarazi mu cyuma cyimbitse.
Nsoza buri suzuma ry’imiterere y’urukuta n’urwego rw’ubuso. IEEE 80's tolerable-voltage equations ishyira urwego rw’amabuye ashenjaguwe kuko ubukana bwarwo bwa 2,000–10,000 Ω·m buri hagati y’inkweto z’umukozi n’ubutaka kavukire; agaciro gasanzwe k’igishushanyo mbonera kari hagati ya 3,000–5,000 Ω·m ku bugari bwa metero 0.1–0.2. Urugero rwa Wind farm BoP rupima ibiri mu kaga: gukuraho amabuye maze voltage yo gukoraho muri iyo yadi ya kV 110 ikamanuka ikava kuri 1,314 V ikagera kuri 222 V - munsi ya voltage ya mesh ya 880 V yabazwe, bivuze ko ijadi inanirwa.Kubera ko urwego rw'amabuye rukuba inshuro nyinshi umupaka wihanganirwa mu gihe icyuma gifata amashanyarazi nyayo, imiterere y'icyuma gikoreshwa mu gukata amashanyarazi ntirangira kugeza igihe umuntu atunze imiterere y'amabuye.
Icyo dukora dukoresheje iyo mibare
Ubuhanga bugena umurambararo n'uburebure; akazi kanjye ni ukureba neza ko inkoni ihageze ihuye n'urupapuro rw'ibyitegererezo. Mu ruganda rwacu rwa Xinchang ngenzura uruhande rwo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga rw'umurongo utanga umusaruro.inkoni zo gusya ibyuma bifatanye n'umuringamu bugari bwa mm 14.2–25 n'uburebure bwa metero 1.2–3.0, hamwe n'urwego rw'umuringa rwa electroplated ≥0.254 mm kuri ≥99.95% by'ubuziranenge hejuru y'icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa karuboni nkeya (~0.15% C). Imashini zifite akamaro ku gipimo cya metero 3.0: dufata imbaraga zo gukurura ≥580 N/mm², kugororoka muri mm 1/m, n'inguni ya 27.5° ± 2.5°, kandi buri gice kigumana ubugari bwa 90° kuri radius ya mm 100 nta gucika cyangwa gutobora umuringa - uburyo bwo gucika buca inkoni zihendutse mu butaka bw'amabuye.
Ku bijyanye no kwiruka mu buryo burambuye mu buryo bwimbitse — umuti wo kurwanya cyane w’ubushakashatsi bwa MDPI — wacuInkoni z'icyuma zikozwe mu muringa zifatanye n'amashanyarazishyira ibice bya metero 1.2 muri electrodes za metero 3–6 nta gutakaza ubuziranenge bw'ikoti ku ngingo. Iyo spec isaba inzira itandukanye yo gushyiramo plati,inkoni y'ubutaka ipfutse umuringaurwego rutwikira idirishya ry'umurambararo umwe, kandi ryoseIcyiciro cy'inkoni yo hasiUrutonde rw'ibice byose by'uburebure bw'umurambararo tubitse. Ubushobozi ni ibice 50.000 ku kwezi, bikoherezwa muri Ningbo cyangwa Shanghai EXW, FOB, CIF, cyangwa DDU.
Buri kirego cyavuzwe haruguru gishingiye ku nyandiko: sisitemu y'uruganda ya ISO 9001, urutonde rwa UL 467, na raporo y'ikizamini cya CEPRI ikubiyemo ubugari bw'icyuma, gufatana, n'imikorere yacyo. QC yacu y'imbere ikoresha amarembo atandatu kuva ku byuma byinjira kugeza ku byoherezwa mbere, kandi inyandiko z'itsinda ni zo zigaragaza imibare nsubiramo muri iyi nkuru. Niba ibisobanuro byawe bisaba kunyuranya - uburebure budasanzwe, amakoti manini, ibizamini by'abandi - icyo ni ikiganiro tugira buri cyumweru, kandi ushobora kubitangira kuriurupapuro rwo guhamagara.
Ibintu bitatu bya RFQ byongeye kugurishwa nohereza ku baguzi
Ikintu gihenze cyane ni ukugabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi. RFQ nyinshi nafunguye zigaragaza umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi — urugero nka 40 kA — nta kindi kintu, bituma buri mugozi n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi bingana nk'aho kA yuzuye 40 yinjiye muri grid. Ntabwo ari ko bimeze.Kubera ko insinga zo kurinda n'ibikoresho by'insinga bijyana umuriro mwinshi w'amashanyarazi ku isoko, ikimenyetso cyanditswe kidafite icyuma gitandukanya umuriro gikora umuringa ukubye inshuro ebyiri kugeza kuri eshanu kurusha icyo ubusitani buzongera gukoresha.— Agasanduku ka Bentley Systems gakora kashyiramo imibare nyayo: 22 kA y'ikosa, 691 A mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Igisubizo cyanjye cya mbere kuri RFQ iyo ari yo yose si ikiguzi; ni ubusabe bw'imibare ine: 3I₀, igipimo cya X/R, igihe cyo gusohora cy'ibanze n'igihe cyo gufunga, hamwe n'igice cyagabanijwe cyangwa imiterere y'umugozi w'icyuma gikenewe kugira ngo kibarwe. Abaguzi babifite babona ibisobanuro bishingirwaho; abaguzi batabonye inkingi ya conservative, kandi bakayishyura mu muringa.
Icya kabiri kitagaragara ni icyitegererezo cy’ubutaka cyashyizwe mu gaciro k’ubutaka. Umurongo wanditseho ngo “ubudahangarwa bw’ubutaka: 100 Ω·m” umbwira ko hari umuntu wafunguye igitabo, kuko igitabo cya Bentley kivuga neza ko ahantu hashobora kurangwa n’ubudahangarwa bumwe hadakunze kuboneka, kandi ubutaka bukonje bw’igihe cy’itumba butera ubudahangarwa cyane. Mbere yuko nemeza uburebure bw’inkoni, nasabye inzira za Wenner zifite uduce tune - ahantu henshi, hatandukanye n’aho hagera ku murongo muremure w’urukuta, hafi metero 76 kuri metero 40 × metero 65. Ubushakashatsi bugena niba ukeneye inkoni za metero 2.4, inkoni za metero 3.0, cyangwa imigozi ishobora kwaguka mu gice cyimbitse; kataloge ntishobora.
Icya gatatu kitagaragara ni ibikoresho bibiri by’umutekano nta muntu utunze. Kimwe ni uburyo bwo guhuza: kubisiga bitarasobanuwe hanyuma rwiyemezamirimo agashyiraho ibyuma byose biri ku ikamyo, maze agace kamwe kangiritse kakaba ahantu hashyushye nk'uko IEEE 80 ibarwa itigeze itekereza - niyo mpamvu nandika ubushuhe bwa exothermic mu murongo umwe wa RFQ n'inkoni. Ikindi ni urwego rw'amabuye asheshwe, amasoko afatwa nk'ubusitani mu gihe imibare ya voltage yihanganirwa ifatwa nk'ibikoresho by'umutekano: kugabanya hanyuma urugero rwa 110 kV rukozwe rukava kuri 1.314 V rwihanganirwa rukagera kuri 222 V ugereranije na voltage ya mesh ya 880 V. Uretse ibi bitatu, RFQ iracyakeneye ibintu byayo bisanzwe - umurambararo, uburebure, urwego rw'umuringa ≥0.254 mm, tensile ≥580 N/mm² - hamwe n'ibice bitatu by'ibimenyetso by'ibizamini bikubiye mu nkuru ikunze kuvugwa hano hepfo.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Ni uruhe rukuta rw'ubutaka rukoreshwa na EPC rungana n'umurambararo?
Mu bipimo nsuzuma, uburebure bwa mm 16–19 (5/8–3/4 inches) mu burebure bwa metero 2.4–3.0 butwikira igice kinini cy’itumanaho n’ikwirakwizwa ry’amashanyarazi. Imibare y’ubushyuhe ntabwo itera umurambararo - inkoni ya mm 14.2 yamaze kunyura mu igenzura rya 40 kA, s 1 - bityo abashoferi baba batwaye imbaraga zikomeye, ingano y’umugozi uhuza, n’uburyo bwo kwangirika. Ndavuga mm 17.2 nk’igihe gisanzwe - ikuraho urwego rw’umugozi rwa 5/8 kandi igakora metero 3.0 igororotse.
Ese inkoni ndende cyangwa nini ni nziza mu kugabanya ubudahangarwa bw'urukuta?
N'uburebure, hafi ya buri gihe — uburebure bwo gukuba kabiri kuva kuri metero 1.5 kugeza kuri metero 3.0 bugabanya ubukana bwabyo ku kigero cya 44% mu butaka bungana bwa Ω·m 100, mu gihe uburebure bwo gukuba kabiri kuva kuri mm 14.2 kugeza kuri mm 25 bugabanya hafi 9% gusa. Aho ibuye rigabanya ubujyakuzimu, ongeramo inkoni ku ntera y'inkoni imwe cyangwa ukoreshe bentonite backfill, ubushakashatsi bwa MDPI Applied Sciences bwo mu 2025 bwerekana ko bugitanga igabanuka rikomeye.
Ni angahe mu by'ukuri umuriro w'amashanyarazi winjira mu muyoboro w'ubutaka?
Igice cyo gutandukanya gusa — ubusanzwe kiri hagati ya 20–50% kuri buri muyobozi wa Keentel Engineering, ndetse rimwe na rimwe kikaba gito cyane. Igitabo cy’isesengura ry’ubutaka cya Bentley Systems gikoresha ikosa rya 22 kA phase-A aho 691 A gusa yanyuraga mu nzira bigatuma ubutaka buzamuka; insinga zo kurinda n’ibikoresho by’insinga byatwaraga ibindi. Niyo mpamvu igice cyo gutandukanya cyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwo gutandukanya ubutaka kigomba kuba muri RFQ yawe mbere yuko umurambararo w’inkoni uvugwaho.
Ese IEEE 80 isaba inkoni z'icyuma zifatanye n'umuringa, cyangwa umuringa ukomeye?
IEEE 80 ishingiye ku musaruro — ishyiraho ibipimo by'ubushyuhe, ubukana, n'intambwe, ntabwo ari ibikoresho by'umusaruro. Icyuma gifatanye n'umuringa cyabaye inkoni y'ubutaka isanzwe kuko igice cy'icyuma gitanga imbaraga zo gutwara ibintu hagati ya metero 2.4 na 3.0 mu gihe ikoti ry'umuringa ritwara umuriro kandi rirwanya ingese; UL 467 ishyiraho ikoti rya mm 0.254 nibura. Umuringa ukomeye ugenda nabi mu butaka bukomeye; icyuma cya galvanised gitakaza impamvu yo kwangirika.
Inkoni zigomba gutwarwa mu burebure bungana iki, kandi zigomba gushyirwa hagati ya zingana iki?
Mu bisobanuro nemeza, ubusanzwe ni inkoni za metero 2.4–3.0 munsi y’urukuta rurimo metero 0.5–0.8 z’ubujyakuzimu, zifite inkoni ku nkengero n’ahantu h’ibikoresho by’ingenzi, zishyizwe hagati nibura n’inkoni imwe kugira ngo ibikonoshwa byazo bitagira aho bihurira. Iyo isuzuma ry’ubutaka rigaragaje urwego rwo hejuru rurwanya hejuru y’ubujyakuzimu bw’amashanyarazi, inkoni zishobora kwaguka zigufasha gutwara metero 6 cyangwa ndende - inyigo igereranya ya MDPI yemeza ko inkoni ziyobowe mu bwihisho ari zo zikomeye cyane mu butaka burwanya cyane.
Ese inkoni zo hasi zonyine zishobora gusana ahantu hashobora gukomeretsa cyane?
Si buri gihe, kandi ubunyangamugayo hano burazigama amafaranga. Iyo imibare y’ubutaka bungana ibuze intego, urwego rwagaragaye ni: electrodes zikoresha imbaraga zirenze urugero, inkoni nyinshi ku rundi ruhande rukwiye, conductive backfill (bentonite cyangwa conductive beto, byavuzwe mu nyigo ya MDPI), hanyuma amariba y’ubutaka bunini - Keentel avuga ko electrode yimbitse yatwaye 62% by’umuriro ukwirakwira. Inkingi ni zo zihendutse cyane, ariko imiterere y’ubutaka ni yo igomba guhitamo umurongo.
Ni izihe nyandiko z'ibizamini nkwiye gusaba ku mucuruzi w'inkoni zo hasi?
Ibyiciro bitatu: urutonde (UL 467 cyangwa bingana nabyo) rugaragaza icyiciro cy'ibicuruzwa; ikizamini cyemewe - cyacu ni CEPRI - gikubiyemo ubugari bw'urwego rw'umuringa, gufatana, no gupfunyika; hamwe n'inyandiko z'urwego rw'itsinda zigaragaza umuringa ≥0.254 mm, gupfunyika ≥580 N/mm², n'ipfunyika rya 90° kuri radius ya 100 mm nta gupfunyika. Niba umucuruzi adashobora gukora ibyo bitatu, nta gihamya ufite cy'uko inkoni ari yo ivugwa ku rupapuro rw'amakuru.
Ubu ngubu, ugereranyije na IEEE 80, ingano y'umuyoboro wa substation?
Nyoherereza ingano y'ikosa ryawe, igihe cyo gusora, igice cyagabanyijemo ibice, n'icyitegererezo cy'ubutaka — nzagaruka mu munsi umwe w'akazi nguhaye inama y'uburebure bwa diameter, imibare iri inyuma, n'igipimo cy'ibiciro.Tangira ikiganiro ku rubuga rwacu rwo guhamagara →
Ncunga ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga biva mu ruganda rwacu rwa Xinchang bigamije kurinda inkuba, ngasuzuma imiterere ya IEEE 80 substation hamwe na EPC n'abaguzi b'ibigo by'amashanyarazi mu bihugu birenga 40.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-06-2026