- Ku miyoboro myinshi ya IEEE Std 80, dushyiraho imigozi y'umuringa ifatanye n'ubutaka.Umwanya wa mm 14.2–19 (5/8″–3/4″)naUburebure bwa metero 2.4–3.0 (8–10 ft)— umurambararo w'ingufu, uburebure bw'ingufu.
- Gukuba kabiri uburebure bw'inkoni bigabanya ubushobozi bwo kuyirwanya ho hafi 40%; gukuba kabiri uburebure bwayo ni 10% gusa - uburebure ni bwo buryo bwo kuyikoresha, uburebure ni bwo buryo bwo kuyikoresha igihe kirekire.
- IEEE 80 ingano 80 z'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi zikoreshwa mu bushyuhe zirwanya umuvuduko w'amazi, ariko dupima inkoni dukurikije icyitegererezo cy'ubutaka, igihe cyo gusukura hagati ya 0.1 na 0.5 s, n'ingengo y'imari y'imyaka 40-50 yo kwangirika - ntabwo ari ubugari bwonyine.
- Ku itegeko ryo kugura dufunga urwego rw'umuringa rwa ≥ 0.254 mm, ubuziranenge bw'umuringa bwa ≥ 99.95%, n'imbaraga zo gukurura za ≥ 580 N/mm² — imirongo itatu itandukanya inkoni y'imyaka 50 n'inkoni y'imyaka 10.
- Twubatse mu cyuma gipima ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’inkoni imwe, imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya ibikoresho, n’urutonde rw’ibipimo bya RFQ rw’imirongo irindwi ushobora gushyira mu isoko ryawe ritaha.
Ku birebana n'urusobe rw'amazi rwagenewe IEEE Std 80, igisubizo cyacu gifatika ni iki: garagaza inkoni z'amazi zikozwe mu muringa zifite umurambararo wa mm 14.2–19 n'uburebure bwa metero 2.4–3.0 nk'izisanzwe, kandi zigahinduka gusa iyo icyitegererezo cyo kurwanya ubutaka cyangwa ingengo y'imari yabyo yagenwe.Icyiciro gishya cya IEEE Std 80-2013 (cyashimangiwe mu 2023), ntabwo kiguha imbonerahamwe y'umurambararo w'inkoni - iguha imipaka y'amashanyarazi yo gukoraho no gutera intambwe, kubara icyuma gihuza amashanyarazi, ndetse n'uburyo bwo gushushanya bushingiye ku butaka.Ubuyobozi bwa E&S Grounding Solutions bwa IEEE 80, ibipimo ngenderwaho bigenga sitasiyo za AC za 1 kV no hejuru yayo kandi bigaragazwa na OSHA 29 CFR 1910.269, bivuze ko igishushanyo mbonera cy'urukuta rwawe ari inyandiko yubahiriza amategeko, ntabwo ari igitekerezo.
Namaze imyaka 12 mu bucuruzi bw'amahanga bugamije gukingira imirabyo no kuyirinda, kandi ntagaragaza neza RFQs ku bijyanye n'imikoreshereze yayo.inkoni zo gusya ibyuma bifatanye n'umuringaBuri gihe kurikiza icyitegererezo kimwe: umuguzi yigana "inkoni yo hasi, santimetero 5/8 × 10" yavuye mu gishushanyo cyo mu 1998, kandi ntawe ugenzura niba ubutaka aho buherereye bushobora no gukoresha iyo nkoni. Iyi ngingo ikemura ibi: icyo IEEE 80 isaba ku nkoni, uburyo amakuru y'ubutaka ashyiraho umurambararo n'uburebure, ibikoresho bimara imyaka 50, hamwe n'imirongo nyayo y'ibyo waguze.
Ni iki IEEE 80 isaba mu by'ukuri kuva kuri Substation Ground Rod?
IEEE Std 80 isaba ibintu bitatu muri buri gice cy’ubutaka, harimo n’udukoni: gutwara umuyoboro ntarengwa w’amashanyarazi mu gihe cyo gusukura nta guhuza, kugumisha voltages munsi y’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi wihanganirwa, no kugumisha imbaraga z’amashanyarazi hasi bihagije ku buryo ubushobozi bw’ubutaka bukomeza kwiyongera.Nta kintu na kimwe mu bipimo kivuga ngo “inkoni igomba kuba mm 16.” Biguha ingano; ingano zikomoka ku gishushanyo cyawe cy’ubutaka n’inyigo y’amakosa.
Ibisobanuro bitatu birakenewe hano, kandi ndabikomeza neza kuko ndeba abaguzi babavanga mu nyandiko z'ipiganwa buri gihembwe. Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ni itandukaniro rishoboka hagati y'inyubako isanzwe ukoraho n'ubutaka buri munsi y'ibirenge byawe mu gihe cy'ikosa. Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ni itandukaniro rishoboka hagati ya metero ebyiri uvuye kuri metero imwe. Kuzamuka k'ubushobozi bw'ubutaka (GPR) ni umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi hejuru y'ubutaka bwa kure - umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ukubye inshuro imwe bitewe no kwirinda umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi.
DukurikijeUbuyobozi bw'igishushanyo mbonera cy'ubutaka bwa Keentel Engineering, imiterere isanzwe ya IEEE 80 igamije kurwanya imiyoboro iri munsi ya 1 Ω (ikwirakwizwa) na munsi ya 5 Ω (ikwirakwizwa), hamwe n'imigozi ifatanye n'umuringa ya metero 2.4–3.0 na mm 16–19 nk'uko urwego rubiteganya.Kubera ko 20–50% gusa by'umuyoboro wose w'amashanyarazi uva ku murongo umwe ujya ku butaka ari wo ugaruka unyuze mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi wo mu gace uherereyemo (ibisigaye biva mu rugo binyuze mu nsinga zo kurinda na za neutral), umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ungana ukurikije umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uva ku gice kimwe, ntabwo ari amanota y'umubare w'amakosa ari ku rupapuro rw'amazi.Uko kutumvikana — kugera kuri 40 kA iyo grid ibonye 12 kA — ni ko umushinga ugura umuringa urenze urugero ukoresheje umutwaro w’ibikoresho.
Igisubizo cy'agace gato:IEEE Std 80-2013 (yemejwe ko izatangira mu 2023) igenga imiyoboro ya AC substation grounding kuri 1 kV no hejuru yayo: igena imipaka y’amashanyarazi yo gukoraho n’intambwe ishobora kwihanganirwa uhereye ku gihe cyo gukuraho amakosa n’uburemere bw’umubiri, kandi isaba ko grid - buri grid irimo - itwara umuyoboro wa grid wa split-factor utarenze imipaka y’ubushyuhe bwa conductor.
Indi nyandiko imwe ikwiriye muri buri gipimo cya EPC.Kubera ko urwego rw'ubuso bw'ibuye rwashenywe rwiyongeraho voltage yemewe yo gukoraho — urugero rwakozwe na Keentel rugaragaza hafi 267 V ku butaka bwa 100 Ω·m budafite ibara buzamuka bukagera kuri 720 V munsi ya mm 100 z'urutare rwa 3.000 Ω·m, inyungu ya 2.7 × — mfata spec y'urwego rw'ubuso n'icyitegererezo cy'inkoni nk'icyemezo kimwe, ntabwo ari bibiri.Nabonye abaguzi baganira ku biciro by'inkoni ku kigero cya 4% hanyuma bagasuka amabuye yanduye yatakaje inyungu y'umutekano ikubye inshuro icumi ugereranyije n'ubwizigame - amabuye ni make kandi fiziki ni ubuntu.
Ni gute umuriro w'ikosa uhinduka umurambararo w'inkoni yo hasi?
Umuriro w'ikosa uhinduka umurambararo w'inkoni uri hasi cyane ugereranije n'uko abaguzi babitekereza: ikosa rigenda rikemuka mu masegonda 0.1-0.5, nta nkoni itwarwa yegereye imiterere y'ubushyuhe ihamye, kandi duhitamo umurambararo kugira ngo tubone ubushobozi bwo gutwara no kwangirika aho kuba uburebure.IEEE 80's thermal fusing calculation (ikigereranyo cya Onderdonk na Sverak, 250 °C ntarengwa ku ngingo zikozwe mu cyuma na 450 °C ku byuma bisudira mu cyuma) bigenzura ibyuma bicukura imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi — ubusanzwe 70–120 mm² umuringa wambaye ubusa, kugeza kuri 240 mm² ku nkuta zikomeye; inkoni zigenda muri iyo bahasha zifite ingano nini cyane. Sinshobora kubirengaho, kuko bihindura uburyo catalogue nyinshi zigurisha inkoni.
Dore fiziki nifuza ko buri kipe ishinzwe gutanga amasoko yagumana ku ikarita: ubushobozi bw'inkoni imwe ni hafi R = ρ / (2πL) × [ln(8L/d) − 1], hamwe n'uburebure L mu gice cy'inyuguti mu buryo bugororotse n'umurambararo d imbere muri logarithm. DukurikijenVent ERICO Electric Utility Guide n'amabwiriza agenga ikoreshwa ryayo, gukuba kabiri uburebure bw'inkoni bigabanya ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhangana na yo ku kigero cya 40%, mu gihe gukuba kabiri uburebure bwayo bigabanya hafi 10% gusa.Kubera ko uburebure bw'umurambararo buguha gusa ubushobozi bwo kurwanya inshuro 10% kuri buri nshuro yikuba kabiri ariko bukongera ubuzima bwo kwangirika mu rugero rungana n'ubuso bwayo butwikiriwe n'umuringa, tubwira abaguzi ba EPC gukoresha uburebure bwa mbere no ku budashyikirwa bw'umurambararo - kandi amakuru yacu ajyanye n'ibyo twatanze arabyemera.
Ubugari bugura iki? Ibintu bitatu, ukurikije akamaro kabyo:
- Nfata igice cya corruption nk'ikintu cya mbere kigura umurambararo, kuko inkoni ya mm 17.2 itwara ubuso bupfutseho umuringa kurusha inkoni ya mm 14.2 mu butaka bushyushye.
- Kubasha gutwara ibintu mu buryo buhanitse nshyira ku mwanya wa kabiri, kuko inkoni nini ikomeza kunyura mu gice cy'urubura, mu gice cya laterite no mu gice cy'ubwubatsi idakubita umutwe.
- Nashyize inshingano yo guhuza ibintu mu mwanya wa gatatu, kuko exothermic weld cyangwa clamp ibona imbaraga nyazo za mekanike mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho no guhindagura ingufu z'amakosa.
Ubusanzwe uruganda rwacu ni 14.2 mm (5/8″) ku miyoboro yo mu rwego rwo gukwirakwiza na 17.2 mm (3/4″) ku rwego rwo kohereza, hamwe na 20–25 mm ziboneka ku ngufu zikoresha umuyoboro mwinshi cyangwa zikoresha ingese nyinshi. Buri nkoni iva mu ruganda rwacu rwa Xinchang ifite urwego rw'umuringa rwa ≥ 0.254 mm, ≥ 99.95% by'umuringa, ≥ 580 N/mm² imbaraga zo gukurura, imiterere iri hagati ya 1 mm/m, n'inguni ya 27.5 ± 2.5°. Kuri QC isohoka, dupima urwego rw'umuringa ku nkoni eshanu kuri buri mufuka (N=5) dukoresheje metero y'ubugari bwa eddy-current, kandi icyitegererezo kimwe kuri buri gice gihabwa ikizamini cya 90° cyo kuzunguruka - igenzura rimwe nagusabye kuri resitora riri hepfo. Isuzuma ryuzuye ritangazwa kuriinkoni y'ubutaka ipfutse umuringaurupapuro rw'ibisobanuro.
Igisubizo cy'agace gato:Ku miyoboro ya IEEE 80 substation, umurambararo w'inkoni ni icyemezo cyo kuramba kwangirika no gutwara, ntabwo ari icyemezo cyo kwaguka - amakosa agaragara mu masegonda 0.1-0.5, bityo n'inkoni y'umuringa ya mm 14.2 ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi; kuzamuka kugeza kuri mm 17.2 cyangwa mm 19 bigaragazwa n'ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka n'imiterere y'aho bunyura.
Inkoni zo mu butaka zigomba kuba ndende gute ku gishushanyo cyawe cy'ubutaka?
I ngano y'inkoni zo mu butaka kugira ngo zigere ku butaka butwara amazi cyane, urugero rw'aho uherereye rugaragaza — metero 2.4–3.0 ku butaka busanzwe bufite ibice, na metero 6–30 mu bice bifatanye cyangwa bicucitse aho urwego rw'ubuso rwumye, rukonje, cyangwa rufite imbaraga nyinshi zo kurwanya.Uburebure niho dutsinda imirwano. Kode yo muri Amerika ya Ruguru ishyiraho uburyo:Ikiganiro cya IEEE Houston Region ku bijyanye no kubaka inyubako z'ingandainyura mu gipimo cya NEC 250.53 cy’ubutaka bugera kuri metero 2.44, niyo mpamvu inkoni za metero 8 na metero 10 ari zo ziganza mu makarita y’ibikoresho.
Ntangira ikiganiro kirekire na Wenner four-pin survey kuri IEEE Std 81: electrodes enye ku ntera ingana a, resistivity igaragara ρ = 2πaR, isubirwamo ku ntera iri hagati ya metero 0.5 na metero 100 kugira ngo porogaramu yo guhindura ihindure ishobore kubaka icyitegererezo cy’ubutaka gifite urwego.Kubera ko inkoni irangirira mu buso bwumye bwa 2.000 Ω·m ntacyo itanga cyane mu gihe inkoni imwe ishyizwe mu buso bwa metero 3 mu buso bwa 100 Ω·m ishobora gutsinda ubudahangarwa bw'urukuta, icyemezo cy'uburebure bw'inkoni kigomba gukurikira icyitegererezo cy'ubutaka, ntabwo ari mbere yacyo.Inyigo ya Keentel ku ruganda rw’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro iragaragaza neza iyo ngingo, kandi ndayisubiramo kenshi ku baguzi: electrode enye za metero 30 zikoresha ubujyakuzimu zari zitwaye hafi 62% by’umuriro ukwirakwira mu gihe zari munsi ya 3% by’uburebure bw’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi washyinguwe.
Itegeko ryanjye, nyuma y'imyaka 12 nsoma amasoko ya EPC — menshi kuri sitasiyo zo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati no mu Majyepfo y'Amajyepfo ya Aziya aho RFQ igera nta makuru ajyanye no kurwanya ubutaka:
- Ndemera inkoni za metero 2.4 (futi 8) gusa aho icyitegererezo kigaragaza ubutaka butwara amazi muri metero 2 za mbere kandi aho hantu hatabaho gukonja.
- Ndasaba inkoni za metero 3.0 (futi 10) nk'inkoni zisanzwe, kuko metero 0.6 z'inyongera zigura make kandi zigura ubushobozi bwo kunoza ubwiyongere bwa 8–12% ugereranyije na metero 2.4.
- Navuze inkoni zifatanye, zifite imigozi mu bice bya metero 1.2–3.0 aho hari urwego rwimbitse rw’amashanyarazi, kuko imigozi ya metero 6–12 zifatanye igabanya umubare w’inkoni ku bice bifite ubushobozi bwo guhagarara cyane.
- Shyiraho umutwe wo kuyobora cyangwa agakoresho ko kuyobora imigozi ifatanye, kuko umugozi wo guhuza ufite ibihumyo ari wo mubare w’ikosa ryo hejuru tubona ku mafoto y’aho uherereye.
Icyitonderwa cy'ukuri — igitekerezo cyanjye, si ibisanzwe: nta burebure bw'inkoni bukwiye ku kibanza gifite ubutaka buhindagurika cyane. Niba inzira yawe ya Wenner idahuye na 30% mu busitani, ukeneye igishushanyo mbonera cy'akarere cyangwa electrode zimbitse, kandi umucuruzi uwo ari we wese utanga urugero rw'uburebure bw'inkoni imwe adasabye amakuru yawe yo kwirinda ubushyuhe aba agucuruza icyuma, ntabwo ari ugushyiraho ubutaka.
Igikoresho Gikorana: Igipimo cy'Ubudahangarwa bw'Inkoni Imwe yo Gusimbuka (Ikigereranyo cya Sverak)
Gereranya uburinzi bw'inkoni imwe ihagaze ukoresheje R = ρ / (2πL) × [ln(8L/d) − 1]. Ibi bipima inkoni imwe yihariye — igishushanyo mbonera cy'urukuta rwawe gikeneye inyigo yuzuye ya IEEE 80.
Ibisubizo bizagaragara hano.
Icyuma gifatanye n'umuringa ugereranije n'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma cya galvanised ugereranije n'umuringa ukomeye: Ni iyihe nkoni ikomeza kubaho mu gihe cy'imyaka 50?
Mu gihe cy'imyaka 40-50, njyewe nkoresha icyuma gifatanye n'umuringa: gihuza ubushobozi bwo gutwara igice cy'icyuma n'igihe cy'ubuso bw'umuringa kidatwarwa n'ingufu ndetse n'ubudahangarwa buke bwo gukoraho, ku giciro gito cyane ugereranyije n'igiciro cy'umuringa ukomeye.Nzavuga ukuri aho buri gikoresho gitsinda - kugereranya gusa ibintu byacu bwite ntacyo bifasha. Iyo ahantu hari humutse, hatarangwamo ubukana, kandi hakozwe mu gihe cy'imyaka 15 yo kubungabunga, ndabivuga kandi ngasobanura ibyuma bivanze - kugurisha cyane umuringa uhambiriye mu butaka butari bwo ni ko umucuruzi atakaza igiciro cya kabiri.
| Igipimo cyo kugereranya | Icyuma gifatanye n'umuringa | Icyuma gishyushye gikozwe mu cyuma gishyushye | Umuringa ukomeye |
|---|---|---|---|
| Igihe cyo gutanga serivisi mu butaka busanzwe butose | ≥ imyaka 50 hamwe n'urwego rw'umuringa rwa ≥ 0.254 mm | Ubusanzwe imyaka 10-15 mbere yuko zinc ikoreshwa | Imyaka 40+, ni nziza cyane |
| Imbaraga zo gukurura (ubushobozi bwo gutwara) | ≥ 580 N/mm² — inyura mu nzira yo kugeza no kuzuza | Inkingi y'icyuma kinini, kingana n'icyuma | ≈ 220 N/mm² — bipfundika kandi bihumyo byoroshye |
| Igiciro cy'ibikoresho bingana (ingano zimwe) | Umurongo w'ibanze | 15–25% bihendutse ugereranije n'umuringa ufatanye, kuko zinc ihendutse cyane ugereranyije n'umuringa uvanze na electrolytic | Igura 50–70% hejuru y’ibikubiye mu mugozi, ahanini bitewe n’igiciro cy’ibikoresho fatizo bya cathode copper |
| Ubudahangarwa bw'ubutaka n'aho buhurira | Ihamye mu buzima — imiterere y'umuringa n'ubutaka ntihinduka | Irangirika iyo zinc yangiritse, ikongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibintu | Ihamye mu buzima bwose |
| Gushishikariza ubujura bw'umuringa ku kibuga cy'akazi | Agaciro gato k'ibisigazwa ni agapfundikizo gato | Nta na kimwe | Hejuru - ikibazo kizwi cyo kwiba ahantu hatandukanye |
| Inzira y'ibipimo ngenderwaho | Urutonde rwa UL 467 na IEC 62561-2 ruboneka cyane | Ibisobanuro by'ibikoresho by'ibanze, urutonde ruto rw'ibicuruzwa bigezweho | Birahari ariko ntibikunze kugabanuka cyane |
Kubera ko urwego rw'umuringa rufatanye n'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gifite karubone nkeya (hafi 0.15% bya karubone), inkoni ikora nk'icyuma ariko ireba ubutaka nk'umuringa, ari na byo igikoresho cy'amashanyarazi gikenera.Buri nkoni twohereza isuzuma rya 90° ku bugari bwa mm 100 nta gucikamo kabiri k'umuringa nta gutandukana kw'imigozi - iyo igipfundikizo kiba gikozwe gusa, ubwo bugari bwagikuraho nk'uruhu rw'igitoki.inkoni y'icyuma gikoreshwa mu byuma bikozwe mu muringaUrupapuro rugaragaza uburyo dukoresha mu kugaragaza ko dufitanye isano n'abagenzuzi basura ikigo.
Ni iyihe nkoni ukwiye guhitamo?
- Hitamo icyuma gifatanye n'umuringa iyo igihe cyo gushushanya ari imyaka 30-50, ubutaka butose cyangwa bushobora kwangirika mu rugero ruciriritse, kandi inkoni zigomba gutwarwa aho gutwikirwa mu mwobo.
- Hitamo icyuma gishyushye gikozwe mu cyuma gishyushye gusa iyo igikoresho kimaze igihe gito, ubutaka bwumye kandi butagira ubukana, kandi amabwiriza yemera neza igihe cyo gusimbuza electrode cy'imyaka 10-15.
- Hitamo umuringa ukomeye iyo ubutaka bwangiritse cyane (ibimera bya shimi, igitero cya chloride yo ku nkombe), ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu bukemurwa no gusimbuka cyangwa gutemba amazi, kandi ingengo y'imari yishyura ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho kiri hejuru ya 50-70% hamwe no kugenzura ibyago by'ubujura.
- Hitamo kimwe muri ibi gusa iyo urwego rw'ubuso rurenze hafi 2.000 Ω·m — icyo kibanza gikeneye electrodes zikoresha amashanyarazi cyangwa ibikoresho byo kongera ubutaka mbere; ibikoresho by'inkoni ni byo biganiro bya kabiri.
Igisubizo cy'agace gato:Inkoni zacu z'icyuma zikozwe mu muringa zihuza urwego rw'umuringa rwa ≥ 0.254 mm hamwe n'imbaraga zo gukurura za ≥ 580 N/mm² ku gihe cy'imyaka ≥ 50 ku giciro cy'ibanze cy'amahitamo atatu asanzwe - niyo mpamvu ari electrode isanzwe ya IEEE 80 grids ku isi yose.
Imirongo 7 yihariye Abaguzi ba EPC bagomba gushyiramo inkoni hasi RFQ
Igikoresho cyo gushushanya gikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya RFQ rigaragaza gusa uburebure n'umurambararo, gitanga inkoni ihendutse ku isoko; imirongo irindwi nkoresha ihindura intego yawe ya IEEE 80 mu rurimi rwo kugura rushobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa.Nanditse iyi mirongo yo gutanga amasoko ku migabane itatu, kandi buri imwe irahari kubera ko umushinga wamenye ko ntayo ufite mu buryo bugoye — ikizamini cyo kugonga umurongo wa 5 kiriho kubera inkoni zifatanye, zifite imigozi mu mafoto abaguzi banyoherereza.
- Garagaza umurambararo wa 14.2 mm (5/8″) ku miyoboro y’amashanyarazi ikwirakwizwa na 17.2 mm (3/4″) ku ikoreshwa ry’ubutaka bushobora kwangirika cyangwa bushobora kwangirika, kuko umurambararo ari wo ingengo y’imari yawe yo kwangirika.
- Shyiraho inkingi imwe ya metero 2.4 cyangwa metero 3.0, cyangwa ibice bifite insinga za metero 1.2–3.0 bifatanye ku migozi miremire, kuko uburebure bugomba kuba bujyanye n'urwego rw'ubutaka ruyobora amashanyarazi.
- Garagaza ubugari bw'urwego rw'umuringa nibura bwa mm 0.254 ahantu hose ku nkoni kuri UL 467 / IEC 62561-2, kuko inkoni zometseho umuringa zo munsi ya mm 0.1 zinanirwa mu gihe cy'igihe cy'igishushanyo.
- Garagaza ubuziranenge bw'umuringa bwa ≥ 99.95% n'ishingiro ry'icyuma gifite karuboni nkeya rya karuboni hafi 0.15%, kuko ubuziranenge bwo gupfunyika hamwe n'ubudahangarwa bw'ishingiro bihuza imikorere y'amashanyarazi n'ubushobozi bwo kuyitwara.
- Garagaza imbaraga zo gukurura nibura 580 N/mm² wongeyeho ikizamini cya 90° cyo kugonda kuri radius ya mm 100 nta gucikamo kw'umuringa, kuko iyi mibare ibiri ihita igaragaraza inkoni z'impimbano zifatanye.
- Garagaza uburyo bwo kugorora hagati ya mm 1/m n'inguni ya 27.5 ± 2.5°, kuko inkoni ifite umuneke igenda inyura mu buryo butari bwo kandi ingingo idasobanutse ihagarika inyundo.
- Garagaza imiyoboro ya exothermic welded (icyiciro cy’imiyoboro ya 450 °C mu ibarwa ry’ubushyuhe rya IEEE 80) hamwe na raporo z’ibizamini kuri buri gice cy’umuringa w’ubugari, umugozi, n’ibisubizo byawo, kuko umuyoboro ariho imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi inanirwa.
Ni iki ugomba kwemeza mbere yo kwemeza umucuruzi w'inkoni yo hasi?
Mbere yuko nemeza umucuruzi uwo ari we wese w’inkoni zo hasi, nemeza ibintu bine: ibimenyetso byo kugenzura inzira, amakuru y’ibizamini bya buri gice, urwego rw’impamyabushobozi, n’ibisobanuro birambuye ku bijyanye n’ibikoresho bigena niba inkoni zigeze mu buryo butaziguye kandi ku gihe cyagenwe.Igiciro kuri metero ni cyo kibazo cyanjye cya nyuma, si icya mbere - ikintu cyanze gitwara amafaranga menshi kurusha inkoni ihenze.
Ku bijyanye no kugenzura ibikorwa, dusaba inzira y'umusaruro n'amarembo ya QC mu nyandiko. Urunigi rwacu rukora imashini ziboshye, zishushanya ibirango, zikoresha amashanyarazi, zikonjesha, zisukura, zipima umurambararo, zipima umuringa, kandi zigapakira, zikingirwa na IQC, IPQC, igice cya mbere, zikora ibintu byinshi, OQC, na FQC - amarembo atandatu yanditseho amazina afite ba nyirayo. Umucuruzi udashobora kuyakora mu butumwa bumwe bwa email yaguhaye igisubizo.
Ku makuru y'ibizamini, dukeneye raporo kuri buri gice cy'umugozi zigaragaza ubunini bw'urwego rw'umuringa, imbaraga zo gukurura, n'ikizamini cyo kugonda, kandi dukomeza inkoni imwe y'icyitegererezo kuri buri gice cyatanzwe mu buzima bwose bw'umutungo. Ku cyemezo, huza urwego rw'icyemezo n'ibicuruzwa: sisitemu yacu y'ubuziranenge igendera kuri ISO 9001, icyemezo cyacu cya UL 467 cyerekana ko gikurikiza umurongo w'inkoni y'ubutaka, kandi raporo yacu y'ikizamini cy'ubwoko bwa gatatu iturutse kuri CEPRI (Ikigo cy'Ubushakashatsi ku Ngabo z'Amashanyarazi cy'Ubushinwa) igaragara ku mapaji y'ibicuruzwa - "Icyemezo cya ISO" kidafite urwego ni imitako. Ku bijyanye n'ibikoresho, emeza ko ibipimo byo gupakira ari 10 kuri buri muyoboro wa PVC, udupaki 20-50 kuri buri palati, EXW/FOB/CIF/DDU ituruka muri Ningbo cyangwa Shanghai) n'ubushobozi bwo gupakira buri kwezi mu nyandiko; dukoresha ibice 50.000 ku kwezi, umubare uba ingenzi iyo rwiyemezamirimo wawe yihutishije gahunda. Urutonde rwuzuye ruri munsi y'urwacu.Icyiciro cy'inkoni y'ubutaka ipfutse umuringa, hamwe n'uburebure, uburebure, n'ikirango bya OEM/ODM nk'ibikorwa bisanzwe.
Igisubizo cy'agace gato:Umucuruzi wujuje ibisabwa agaragaza umusaruro wanditse n'umuvuduko wa QC, ubugari bwa buri gice, raporo z'ibizamini byo gukurura no gukonja, icyemezo cy'uko ibicuruzwa bishyirwa ahagaragara, n'uburyo bwo gupakira bwanditse hamwe n'ubushobozi bwa buri kwezi - umurongo wacu ukoresha ibice 50.000 buri kwezi hamwe n'amarembo atandatu ya QC kuva kuri IQC kugeza kuri FQC.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa
Ni inkoni y'ubutaka iyihe ifite uburebure bwa metero IEEE 80 kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu gusimbuza ibyuma?
IEEE Std 80 nta diameter imwe isaba; isaba sisitemu kugabanya voltages zo gukoraho no gutera intambwe no gutwara umuriro w'ikosa nta guhuza. Ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho rikoresha inkoni za mm 16–19 zifatanye n'umuringa, hamwe na mm 14.2 (5/8″) nk'igipimo ntarengwa gisanzwe na mm 17.2 (3/4″) zikundwa mu bice byo mu bwoko bwa transmission cyangwa ahantu hangirika - igice cy'inyongera gitanga ubuzima bwa corruption, ntabwo ari ubushobozi bw'ubushyuhe.
Inkoni yo hasi ya substation igomba kuba ndende gute?
Imiterere myinshi y’ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gupima ubutaka ikoresha inkoni zihagaze za metero 2.4–3.0 (8–10 ft), uburebure bwazo buvanywe mu gishushanyo cy’ubutaka: inkoni zibona ikiguzi cyazo iyo zigeze ku gice cy’ubutaka cyimbitse. NEC 250.53 isaba kandi nibura metero 2.44 (8 ft) za electrode mu gupima ubutaka, kandi ahantu hashobora guhagarara cyane hashobora gutuma inkoni zifatanye cyangwa ziyobowe mu buryo bwimbitse za metero 6–30.
Ese inkoni nini y'ubutaka igabanya cyane ubudahangarwa bw'urukuta?
Oya. Ubudahangarwa bw'inkoni bushingiye gusa ku murambararo wa logarithmic ariko hafi ya bwose bushingira ku burebure: uburebure bwo kugwiza kabiri bugabanya ubudahangarwa ho hafi 10%, mu gihe uburebure bwo kugwiza kabiri bugabanyaho hafi 40%. Turabwira abaguzi kugena uburebure bwo gutwara no kumara igihe kinini, no gukoresha uburebure kugira ngo bagere ku budahangarwa.
Inkoni y'ubutaka ifatanye n'umuringa cyangwa galvanised: ni iyihe nziza ku gikoresho cy'imyaka 40 gisimbura?
Icyuma gifatanye n'umuringa ni cyo cyiza kurusha ibindi byose mu gihe cy'imyaka 40: icyuma cy'umuringa gifite ≥ 0.254 mm gifasha mu gihe cy'imyaka 50 mu butaka busanzwe, mu gihe zinc ishyushye ikoreshwa vuba cyane mu butaka butose cyangwa busharira. Uburyo bwo guhuza umuringa n'ubutaka butuma icyuma kidahinduka uko icyuma gikomeza gusaza.
Inkoni zingahe zo gusimbuza zikenewe ku gikoresho cyo gusimbuza?
Nta mubare rusange uhari; umubare uturuka mu bushakashatsi bwa IEEE 80. Inkingi zijya mu mfuruka aho imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi yibanda, ku bice bitagira ingufu bya transformer na arrester bases, n'aho icyitegererezo cy'ubutaka kigaragaza urwego rwimbitse rw'amashanyarazi. Sitasiyo igabanya ubushyuhe bw'amashanyarazi ishobora gukoresha inkoni 12-32; imbuga nini y'amashanyarazi ishobora kurenza 100.
Ni ubuhe bunini bw'umuringa navuga ku nkoni y'umuringa ifatanye?
Garagaza urwego rw'umuringa nibura rwa 0.254 mm (10 mils) aho ari ho hose, nk'uko bigaragazwa na UL 467 na IEC 62561-2. Ku butaka bwangiza, ahantu ho mu mazi, cyangwa igihe cy'imyaka 50, saba igipfunyika cya 0.33 mm cyangwa kinini hamwe na raporo z'ibizamini by'ubugari bw'umukora kuri buri gice.
Ni gute nagenzura ubwiza bw'inkoni yo hasi iyo ibicuruzwa bigeze?
Kora igenzura ry’inyemezabuguzi ry’intambwe eshanu: reba ibimenyetso ukurikije itegeko ryo kugura; pima ubugari bw’umuringa ku nkoni eshanu kuri buri gipfunyika; reba niba hari icyuho cyangwa icyuma cyagaragaye; reba ikizamini cya 90° gipimye kuri radius ya mm 100 nta cyuho cy’umuringa cyacitse; kandi urebe niba gigororotse muri mm 1/m n’inguni ya 27.5°.
Ukeneye icyuma gikingira ikosa n'igenzura?
Ohereza amakuru yawe yerekeye ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ubutaka, urugero rw'ikosa, n'igihe cyo gusukura - tugusubiza inama y'uburebure bw'umurambararo n'igiciro mu masaha 24.
Saba Isuzuma ry'UbuniniCyangwa imerinorman@zjshibang.com— Ingano, uburebure, n'ikirango bya OEM/ODM birahari.
Ku bijyanye n'umwanditsi — Jane Yang
Jane Yang ni Umuyobozi ushinzwe ubucuruzi muri Xinchang Shibang New Material Co., Ltd., uruganda rukora ibikoresho byo kurinda inkuba no kuziba irangi mu gihe kirenga imyaka 17. Amaze imyaka 12 akora ibikorwa byo kurinda inkuba no kuziba irangi mu bucuruzi bw'amahanga, afasha abakiriya bo mu mahanga mu gushakisha ibicuruzwa bivuye mu Bushinwa: igenzura ry'ubuziranenge, imicungire y'ibikoresho, n'inyandiko z'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Huza na Jane kuriLinkedIn, FacebookcyangwaX.
Amakuru ya tekiniki yemejwe hakurikijwe impapuro zigaragaza imiterere y'uruganda n'ibyavuzwe ku wa 2026-08-05. Inkomoko zo hanze: E&S Grounding Solutions (IEEE 80 incamake), Keentel Engineering (ubuyobozi bw'igishushanyo mbonera cy'ubutaka bw'inyongera), nVent ERICO (ubuyobozi bw'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho), IEEE Houston Region (gushyiraho ubutaka mu nganda).
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-05-2026