Ku bikorwa byinshi byo gusimbuza ibikoresho, icyuma gifunga umuringa cya IACS 40% ni cyo gikwiye, kandi umuringa ukomeye ni wo ukwiye gusa iyo ubushobozi bw'umuriro w'ikosa cyangwa shimi y'ubutaka buyisaba by'ukuri. Ndavuga ko nyuma y'imyaka cumi n'ibiri twohereje ibikoresho byombi tubikuye mu ruganda rwacu rwa Xinchang: insinga ya IACS CCS 40% itanga hafi 40% by'ubushobozi bw'umuringa wa annealed ku nshuro ebyiri cyangwa enye z'imbaraga zo gukurura, urwego rw'umuringa rwa 0.25 mm rutuma umusaruro wacu ukomeza gukoreshwa mu gihe cy'imyaka irenga 50, kandi agaciro k'ibisigazwa kari hasi ku buryo abajura babyirengagiza. Umuringa ukomeye wa 99.97% uracyatsinda ubwikorezi bw'umuriro - 90% kugeza 99.9% bya IACS ugereranije n'urwego rwacu rwa CCS rwa 15% kugeza 40% bya IACS - bityo iyo ibarura ryawe rya IEEE 80 ry'umuriro w'ikosa ritagira icyo risiga, umuringa ni wo gisubizo cy'ukuri. Ibisigaye by'iyi nkuru binyura mu ngingo eshanu nkoresha n'umuyobozi wese ushinzwe amasoko y'ibigo by'imari n'imigabane umbajije ikibazo cya CCS-cyangwa-umuringa, hamwe n'imibare nyayo iva muri raporo z'ibizamini byacu by'uruganda aho kuba inyandiko zisaba ubucuruzi.

Ikigereranyo cya 40% cya IACS: Kuki gikomeza kugaragara mu bipimo by'ibikoresho?

IACS isobanura Interineti Mpuzamahanga ya Annealed Copper Standard, amasezerano yo mu 1913 yashyizeho uburyo bwo gutwara umuringa ucukurwa mu bucuruzi bwa 100% kandi iwuha ubushobozi bwo kwirinda bwa 0.017241 Ω·mm²/m kuri 20°C. Buri gipimo cy’uburyo bwo gutwara amashanyarazi muri iyi ngingo - na buri gipimo kiri ku byangombwa byacu by’uruganda - ni ijanisha ry’icyo gipimo. Iyo ibisobanuro bisabye "insinga ya IACS 40%," iba isaba kondakita ifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana na 0.017241 igabanyijemo 0.40, bingana na 0.0431 Ω·mm²/m. Nsanga abaguzi bamaze kubona icyo gice kimwe, impaka zose za CCS-versus-cupper ziba imibare aho kuba iyamamazabikorwa.

Kuki 40% atari 30% cyangwa 21%? Mu bunararibonye bwacu bwo kohereza mu mahanga, amanota 40% yabaye ingenzi ku mpamvu zifatika: ni cyo cyiciro cy’ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu mu cyuma gikozwe mu muringa gikwirakwira mu byiciro bisanzwe bikururwa naASTM B227(Icyiciro cya 40 HS na Icyiciro cya 40 EHS) hamwe n'inyubako zacitsemo ibice zaASTM B228Subiza hejuru ya 40%, uzaba usaba ko habaho umuringa munini kuruta uwo umuryango w'ibicuruzwa bikomeye uba urimo, icyo gihe icyuho cy'igiciro ugereranyije n'umuringa ukomeye kigabanuka vuba.Kubera ko ubugari bw'igipfundikizo butuma ibikoresho bigura, icyuma gitwara ibikoresho cya CCS kirenze 40% bya IACS ntikiba igisimbura umuringa ukomeye.Ndabwira amakipe ashinzwe amasoko gufata 40% bya IACS nk'aho ari ntarengwa y'urwego rwa CCS ruhendutse, no gufata ikintu cyose kirenzeho nk'ikimenyetso cyo kugurisha umuringa ukomeye.

Insinga z'icyuma zipfutse umuringa ku igorofa ryacu rya Xinchang, zipakiye ku mugozi wo gushora imari mu mishinga y'ibikoresho by'ibanze — ibyiciro by'ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi kuva kuri 15% kugeza kuri 40% bya IACS ku murongo umwe.

Uburyo bwo gutwara ibyuma bikozwe mu muringa mu byuma bitera amashanyarazi: Mu by'ukuri utanga angahe?

Ku mpapuro, icyuho cy’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi gisa n’aho ari kibi cyane: ibizamini byacu by’insinga z’umuringa ku kigero cya 90%–99.9% bya IACS hamwe n’ubudahangarwa buri munsi ya 0.017241 Ω·mm²/m, mu gihe urwego rwacu rwa CCS rukoresha IACS 15%–40%. Ariko, mu muyoboro w’amashanyarazi, umubare w’ingenzi si uguhanga udushya mu buryo bworoshye - ni ukumenya niba umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi urokoka ikibazo cy’ikosa inyigo yawe iwuha. IEEE 80, urwego rusanzwe rukoreshwa cyane mu gushushanya umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi (substation grid).IEEE Std 80), ingano y'abayobora ikoresheje guhuza umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi n'igihe umara, ntabwo ari ukurwanya gusa. Iyo dukoresheje ikosa rya 40 kA, amasegonda 0.5 binyuze mu buryo busanzwe bwo guhuza, 40% by'abayobora imashini ya IACS CCS bakeneye inshuro zigera kuri 2.5 z'umuringa kugira ngo bagere ku mupaka umwe w'ubushyuhe - ni cyo kintu cy'ukuri cyo guhindura, kandi ndagishyira mu nyandiko muri buri gisobanuro dutanga.

Iyo factor ya 2.5× isa n'aho igabanya igiciro kugeza igihe ugennye igiciro cyuzuye. CCS ku gipimo kinini iracyakoresha umuringa muke cyane ukurikije uburemere,Kubera ko igice cy'icyuma gitwara umutwaro wa mekanike, hakenewe urwego rw'umuringa rwa mm 0.25 gusa kugira ngo rukore umurimo wo kuyobora— kandi kuri frequencies ya 60 Hz, umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi uterana werekeza hejuru uko byagenda kose, ari naho umuringa uri. Itsinda ryacu ry’abahanga ryanyuze abaguzi benshi muri iki kibazo cy’ingaruka z’uruhu hamwe n’ibishushanyo mbonera nyabyo by’igice; iyo babonye ko inzira y’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi n’umuringa biri mu mpande imwe y’inyuma, ikibazo cyo gutwara amashanyarazi gikunze kugabanuka.

Aho ntasaba CCS ni ibinyuranye cyane: sitasiyo nto zo mu mijyi aho ubugari bw'imiyoboro y'amazi n'ubujyakuzimu bw'inkoni bikosorwa kandi inyigo y'ikosa ntitanga umwanya wo kongera ubwiza bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Muri iyo mishinga dutanga urugero rw'insinga zacu z'umuringa za 99.97% tudasabye imbabazi,kubera koNta nyungu na nkeya ya tekiniki ingana n’iyo wagize ku gice cy’imodoka udashobora kugishyiramo. Umucuruzi ushyira CCS muri iyo mimerere arimo kugurisha amafaranga yawe, kandi nahitamo gutakaza ibyo wategetse aho kugira ngo gridi idakora neza mu mwaka wa gatatu.

CCS ifite imiterere iri munsi y’ubwiyongere: buri firime imwe (1.4–3.2 mm) ni igice cy’icyuma gifatanye n’icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bw’icyuma gifatanye n’urwego rw’umuringa rwa mm 0.25 - imiterere iri inyuma y’igipimo cya IACS cya 40%.

CCS cyangwa Umuringa Udakomeye: Ingano eshanu zigena umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uzatsinda imiterere yawe

Iyo umuguzi w’ibikoresho by’ingenzi anyoherereje RFQ ivuga ngo “CCS cyangwa umuringa — ndakwinginze mungire inama,” ntabwo nsubiza nkoresheje urupapuro rw’amakuru. Nsubiza nkoresheje igereranya ry’imirongo itanu riri hepfo,kubera koMu myaka cumi n'ibiri y'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, icyemezo cyagiye gifatwa hakurikijwe kimwe muri ibi bintu bitanu: ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu, imbaraga za mekanike, igihe cyo kwangirika, kwiba, n'uburyo bwo kugenzura. Ibindi byose ni urusaku. Imibare ituruka mu nyandiko zacu z'umusaruro na raporo z'ibizamini by'inganda, ntabwo ituruka ku mpuzandengo z'inganda.

Imirongo ibiri y'iyo meza ikwiye kugaragara bwa kabiri,kubera koNi bo abaguzi bakunze gusubira inyuma. Ubwa mbere, imbaraga zo gukurura si nziza: ku mashini ndende ikora mu cyerekezo kitambitse cyangwa hejuru y'insinga yo hasi, icyuma cyoroshye cy'umuringa gishobora kurambura no kumanura ijosi mu gihe cyo gushyiraho, hanyuma igice cy'ijosi kikaba ahantu hashyushye mu muyoboro wawe. Umugozi wacu wa CCS kuri 560–1040 MPa wirengagiza imiyoboro ishobora kwangiza burundu umuringa washongeshejwe, ari nayo mpamvu abakozi bashyizeho bombi bakunda kugaragaza CCS ku nshuro ya kabiri. Icya kabiri, umurongo w'ingufu: ikibazo numva cyane ni ukumenya niba urwego rw'umuringa rwa mm 0.25 ruguma munsi y'ubutaka, kandi igisubizo cyacu ni igihe cy'ubuzima bw'ishingiro ryashyizweho - ipfundo rifatanye ntabwo ripfunyika, kandi ntiripfunyika cyangwa ngo ribohore nk'uko ipfundo rito ry'amashanyarazi rishobora kubyimba.

Igenzura ry'ukuri kwa Mekanike: Ese umuringa ukomeye ushobora kurokoka iyo urimo gukururwa?

Dore uburyo bwo gutsindwa butagaragara mu mbonerahamwe y’imikorere y’amashanyarazi. Mu myaka mike ishize rwiyemezamirimo yatuvugishije nyuma y’uko insinga y’umuringa yakuwe mu kindi gice cy’amashanyarazi yangiritse cyane mu gihe cyo gushyiraho icyuma kirekire cyo gucukura; abakozi basanze ibyangiritse gusa ubwo ingero z’ubudahangarwa bw’amashanyarazi zagarukaga mu gihe cy’urugendo. Igisubizo cyari ugucukura no gusimbuza ibice byose. Iyo nkuru ndayisangiza buri muguzi ufata imbaraga zo gukurura nk’ikintu cya kabiri,kubera koKonvoyeri ihendutse kuri metero iba ihenze cyane kuri kilometero imwe iyo abakozi bayikuruye kabiri.

Muri CCS, fiziki ikora mu bundi buryo. Inkingi y'icyuma itwara umutwaro wo kuyishyiraho — imigozi yacu ipima hagati ya 560 na 1040 MPa bitewe n'urwego — kandi umuringa uhambiriyeho ujyana gusa mu rugendo. Turasaba iyubakwa ry'imigozi 7 mu mirimo yo gushyiramo imigozi n'intoki na 19 cyangwa 37 aho inzira ikoreshwa mu kugonga, kuzunguruka, cyangwa gukurura amaso,kubera koUduce duto tw’umunyu duhinduka dukikije radius ntoya tudakoresheje imbaraga z’icyuma cy’umuringa. Niyo mpamvu kandi urwego rwacu rwa CCS rugizwe na mm 4.2 kugeza kuri mm 22.5 muri rusange: urwego rumwe rwa IACS rwa 40% rushobora gukora nk'urufunga rw'inkingi cyangwa icyuma gitanga umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi binyuze mu guhindura umubare w’imigozi.

Urupapuro rugaragaza ingaruka n'igishushanyo itsinda ryacu rya QC rishyiraho amabwiriza ya CCS — umurambararo, imiterere y'imigozi n'agaciro k'imigozi byemejwe kuri buri gice cy'umusaruro.

Igipimo cy'Ubujura, Ibisigazwa, n'Umutekano: Ese Agaciro k'Umuringa ko kongera kugurisha karakugirira akamaro?

Abaguzi b'ibigo by'amashanyarazi badakunze gushyira ubujura mu mbonerahamwe yo kugereranya ibikoresho, ariko inzego zabo zo kubungabunga zirabigenderaho. Gushyira umuringa mu butaka ni ikintu cy'agaciro gakomeye mu masoko menshi twohereza, kandi uruzitiro rw'ibikoresho byangiritse cyangwa inzira yo kugabanya ibyuma byibwe si igihombo cy'ibikoresho gusa - ni umutekano kugeza igihe icyuma gisubiwemo. Nagize abakiriya bakwirakwiza ibicuruzwa batubwira ko ingengo y'imari yabo ya buri mwaka yo gusimbuza umuringa yarenze ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho by'ibanze by'icyuma gishyushye, ari interuro idasobanutse yo kwandika, kandi niyo mpamvu nyamukuru benshi muri bo bimuriye inzira zigaragara kandi zoroshye kuri CCS.

CCS yiba ikibazo ku rwego rw'inkunga aho kuba ku rwego rw'ingufuri: umugozi w'icyuma ufite igice cy'imbere cy'icyuma nta gaciro na gato ugira mu gutandukanya ibyuma mu cyambu cy'ibyatsi, bityo ntiwibwa ku rugero rw'umuringa ukomeye.Kubera koubukungu bw'ubujura busenyuka, ingengo y'imari y'umutekano nayo irashobora. Ku masitasiyo ya greenfield ari mu mbuga zizengurutswe kandi zigenzurwa, iki kibazo ntabwo gifite agaciro cyane, kandi turavuga ko ari byo - ariko ku bijyanye no guhangana n'imihanda y'amashanyarazi, ibiti ku miyoboro y'ibyaro, no gucukura itaka rya gari ya moshi mu birometero byinshi mu gihugu, mbona ko urwego rw'ubujura ari rwo rufata umwanya ukomeye, ndetse n'abahanga benshi mu by'amashanyarazi babayeho mu gihe cyo gusiba umuringa.

Ni uwuhe muyobozi w'ikigo cyawe ugomba kugaragaza? Uburyo bwo gufata ibyemezo byapimwe mu buryo bufatika

Iyo nicaye n'itsinda rishinzwe gutanga amasoko, ntabwo tujya impaka ku bikoresho biri mu ncamake - tugenda mu buryo bugufi bwo gufata ibyemezo, kandi nzabiguha uko tubikurikirana:

1. Banza ukoreshe inyigo y'uko amakosa ahagaze.Niba ibarura rya IEEE 80 ryawe rigena umurambararo ntarengwa w’umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi, kandi umuringa ari wo wonyine uhuye n’ibisabwa mu guhuza umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi muri uwo murambararo, shyiramo umuringa hanyuma uhagarare aho.
2. Reba uburyo bwo gushyiraho.Gukoresha imashini ndende zo gucukura, imyitozo yo mu cyerekezo, n'uburebure bw'umuvuduko w'amazi bifasha CCS ku mbaraga zo gukurura za 560–1040 MPa; imiyoboro migufi, ishyirwa mu miyoboro ifunguye ni ahantu hatagerwa.
3. Gutanga amanota ku isura y'ubujura mu buryo buboneye.Sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi igoswe n'uruzitiro, igenzurwa: ntaho ibogamiye. Inzira yo mu cyaro, inkingi, itaka rya gari ya moshi: CCS,kubera kogukuraho agaciro k'ibisigazwa bikuraho ikibazo.
4. Gerageza imiterere y'ubutaka.Ubutaka busanzwe bukwiranye n’ibikoresho byombi kandi bumara imyaka irenga 50 kuri CCS yacu; ubutaka bufite aside nyinshi cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi bukwiye kuganirwaho mbere yuko kimwe muri ibyo bikoresho gishyirwa ahagaragara.
5. Kosora ibipimo ngenderwaho kuri PO.Ku izina rya CCS ASTM B227 ku nsinga na ASTM B228 ku muyobora w’amashanyarazi ufite urwego rwo gutwara (40 HS ni yo ikoreshwa rya buri gihe); ku izina ry’umuringa, ihame rya IEC ni ryo ukeneye. Umwandiko wo kugura uvuga gusa "umuyobora w’amashanyarazi" utuma imikino yo gusimbuza ihinduka.

Reba ibitari muri urwo rutonde: igiciro cya buri kimwe kuri metero. Ndagisiga nkana ku cya nyuma,kubera koKonvoyeri yatoranijwe ku giciro cya metero gusa ni yo igena ko kongera kugura ibintu mu myaka itanu nabonye muri ubu bucuruzi ari byo biri mu cyemezo, ariko ni byo biri mu mwanzuro nyuma y’uko fiziki, ishyirwaho, n’umutekano byakubwiye umuryango w’ibikoresho urimo kugura.

Ku mishinga ikorera kuri CCS, imishinga yacuinsinga y'icyuma ipfutse umuringaIngano ikubiyemo 15%–40% by'ubushobozi bwa IACS hamwe n'urwego rw'umuringa rwa mm 0.25, imbaraga zo gukurura kuva kuri 560 kugeza 1040 MPa, umurambararo wa monofilament wa mm 1.4–3.2, n'umurambararo rusange wa mm 4.2–22.5 mu miterere ya 7–37 - bikorwa hakurikijwe ISO 9001 ifite ubushobozi bwa metero 100.000 buri kwezi, ipakiye mu mugozi ikanyuzwa muri Ningbo cyangwa Shanghai. Abaguzi bakeneye inyubako zashyizwe mu mugozi bashobora gusuzuma by'umwihariko ibyacu.urupapuro rwo gukora insinga za CCS zabuze aho zikorera, kandi umuryango wose wicaye munsi y'umuryango wacuicyiciro cy'insinga z'icyuma zipfutse umuringaIyo inyigo y'amakosa igaragaje ikindi kintu,Insinga z'umuringa zikozwe neza 99.97%amato afite IEC na CE bihuye na gari ya moshi, itumanaho, n'amashanyarazi akoreshwa hasi — kandi niba umushinga urimo no guhuza umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'imiyoboro cyangwa imiyoboro, ubuyobozi bwacu bwa mbere kurikugura ibikoresho byo gusudira thermit kugira ngo birinde imiyoboro ya cathodicikubiyemo uruhande rwa exothermike. Ku bijyanye n'amakuru yerekeye imikorere y'amashanyarazi arenze amakuru yacu bwite y'uruganda,Isomero ry'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi ry'Ishyirahamwe ry'Iterambere ry'Umuringani cyo twerekana mbere y'abandi bahanga mu by'ubumenyi bw'ibanze.